Detachable cobweb type high-sensitivity flexoelectric hydrophone structure and manufacturing method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of underwater acoustic detection equipment, and discloses a detachable cobweb type high-sensitivity flexoelectric hydrophone structure and a manufacturing method thereof, and the structure comprises a ceramic element, a clamp, a first wire, a second wire and an outer shell. An annular cobweb structure is arranged on the ceramic element; the ceramic element is clamped in the clamp, the outer shell comprises a first shell body and a second shell body, the first shell body and the second shell body are buckled and connected in a threaded mode, the clamp is placed in the second shell body, and the other end of the first wire is connected to the electrode end through the first shell body. The other end of the second wire is connected to the electrode end through the second shell; the first shell and the second shell are filled with castor oil; the cobweb structure is adopted to change the curvature critical point when a traditional disc vibrates, the curvature consistency range is expanded, and the sensitivity of the hydrophone is effectively improved; the hydrophone can be detached at any time and the ceramic element can be replaced through the screwing effect of the detaching groove and the thread of the second shell, so that the service life of the hydrophone is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of underwater acoustic detection equipment, and in particular to a detachable spider-web-type high-sensitivity flexoelectric hydrophone structure and a manufacturing method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In the field of ocean exploration, the rational development of marine resources and the practical protection of marine safety are highly dependent on the accurate acquisition of information. Due to its long-distance propagation ability in water and immunity to electromagnetic interference, sound waves have become the preferred energy carrier for underwater communication and detection. Therefore, hydroacoustic detection technology is widely used in various fields of ocean exploration and has become an indispensable technical means. In the hydroacoustic detection system, sensors are mainly divided into two categories: generating transducers and receiving transducers. Among them, the receiving transducer is also called a hydrophone, which is specifically responsible for capturing and analyzing underwater sound wave signals, providing key data support for ocean exploration and safety monitoring.

[0003] According to the different working principles of hydrophones, hydrophones can be divided into two categories: active hydrophones and passive hydrophones. Compared with active hydrophones, the electrical response generated by passive hydrophones does not depend on external energy input and does not introduce additional interference. It plays an important role in the field of hydrophones. At present, the common passive hydrophones are mainly piezoelectric hydrophones and flexoelectric hydrophones. Compared with piezoelectric hydrophones, the component materials of flexoelectric hydrophones are more generally applicable, and the preparation process is simpler and more environmentally friendly. At the same time, the flexoelectric effect is related to size, which means that flexoelectric hydrophones allow the size of core components to be reduced while maintaining high sensitivity, thereby enhancing its potential in hydrophone applications. These advantages have made flexoelectric hydrophones receive more and more attention. However, for the common disc-type flexoelectric hydrophone, its low sensitivity can no longer meet the current needs of low-frequency detection. In addition, traditional hydrophones cannot be disassembled to replace damaged components, and their service life is low. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to overcome the defects of the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a detachable spider-web high-sensitivity flexoelectric hydrophone structure and a manufacturing method to solve the technical problem of how to improve the sensitivity and service life of the hydrophone in the prior art.

[0005] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a detachable spider web-type high-sensitivity flexoelectric hydrophone structure, comprising a ceramic element, a fixture, a first wire, a second wire, and an outer shell; The ceramic element is provided with an annular spider web hole structure; The ceramic element is used to be clamped in the fixture, wherein one end of the first wire is clamped between the upper surface of the ceramic element and the inner wall of the top of the fixture through the top of the fixture; one end of the second wire is clamped between the lower surface of the ceramic element and the inner wall of the bottom of the fixture through the bottom of the fixture; The outer shell comprises a first shell and a second shell, the first shell and the second shell are threadedly connected to each other, the clamp is placed in the second shell, wherein the other end of the first wire is connected to the electrode end through the first shell; the other end of the second wire is connected to the electrode end through the second shell; the first shell and the second shell are filled with castor oil; A disassembly slot is provided on the top of the second shell for replacing the clamp.

[0006] Preferably, the ceramic element is in a disc structure, wherein the outer surface of the ceramic element is covered with a gold electrode layer; the annular spider web structure is in the form of concentric rings on the ceramic element, wherein the annular spider web structure includes a plurality of spider web holes.

[0007] Preferably, the clamp comprises a clamp top cover and a clamp bottom cover; The ceramic element is clamped between a clamp top cover and a clamp bottom cover, and the clamp top cover and the clamp bottom cover are fixedly connected by bolts; One end of the first wire is clamped between the upper surface of the ceramic element and the inner wall of the clamp top cover through the clamp top cover; one end of the second wire is clamped between the lower surface of the ceramic element and the inner wall of the clamp bottom cover through the clamp bottom cover.

[0008] Further, the fixture top cover comprises a first cover body, wherein a first annular groove is provided on one side of the first cover body that clamps the ceramic element; The clamp bottom cover comprises a second cover body, and a second annular groove is provided on one side of the second cover body that clamps the ceramic element; The first annular groove and the second annular groove are coaxially arranged correspondingly, and the thickness of the ceramic element is equal to the groove depth after the first annular groove and the second annular groove are buckled; The first cover body is provided with a plurality of first bolt holes; the second cover body is provided with a plurality of second bolt holes; the plurality of first bolt holes correspond to the second bolt holes respectively; After the first cover body and the second cover body are buckled together, bolts are passed through the first bolt hole and the second bolt hole in sequence.

[0009] Furthermore, the first annular groove is provided with a first wire hole; the second annular groove is provided with a second wire hole; One end of the first wire is clamped between the upper surface of the ceramic element and the inner wall of the first cover through the first wire hole; one end of the second wire is clamped between the lower surface of the ceramic element and the inner wall of the second cover through the second wire hole.

[0010] Furthermore, a first through hole is coaxially provided in the first annular groove, and the first through hole penetrates the first cover body; A second through hole is concentrically disposed in the second annular groove; the second through hole penetrates the second cover body; The first through hole and the second through hole are coaxially arranged correspondingly, wherein the apertures of the first through hole and the second through hole are both larger than the ring diameter of the annular spider web hole structure on the ceramic element.

[0011] Preferably, a first lead hole is provided on the first housing, and the other end of the first lead is connected to the electrode end through the first lead hole; The second housing is provided with a second lead hole; the other end of the second lead is connected to the electrode end through the second lead hole; The castor oil is filled into the first shell and the second shell through the first lead hole and the second lead hole respectively; and the first lead hole and the second lead hole are filled with epoxy resin glue for sealing.

[0012] Preferably, the inner wall of the first shell is provided with an internal thread, the top of the second shell is provided with a boss, the boss is in a circular ring structure, and the outer wall of the boss is provided with an external thread; the first shell is connected to the boss by threads; and the disassembly groove is provided on the boss.

[0013] Furthermore, a support platform is formed between the bottom edge of the boss and the top edge of the second shell, the support platform is arranged in a ring shape, and the edge of the clamp is mounted on the support platform.

[0014] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a method for manufacturing a detachable spider web-type high-sensitivity flexo-electrophone structure, based on the above-mentioned detachable spider web-type high-sensitivity flexo-electrophone structure, comprising the following process: A cylindrical flexoelectric ceramic is fired by a solid phase sintering method, and then the fired flexoelectric ceramic is cut by a diamond wire cutting machine to form a flexoelectric ceramic sheet, and a gold electrode layer is sputtered on the outer surface of the flexoelectric ceramic sheet by a magnetron sputtering instrument; The flexoelectric ceramic sheet is cut into ceramic components by CO2 laser cutting technology, and an annular spider web structure is cut on the ceramic components; A 3D printer is used to 3D print a PLA thermoplastic material to obtain a fixture, and the fixture clamps the ceramic element; wherein one end of the first wire is clamped between the upper surface of the ceramic element and the inner wall of the top of the fixture through the top of the fixture; one end of the second wire is clamped between the lower surface of the ceramic element and the inner wall of the bottom of the fixture through the bottom of the fixture; The clamps are placed in the second shell respectively, wherein the other end of the first wire is connected to the electrode end through the first shell; the other end of the second wire is connected to the electrode end through the second shell; the first shell is then threadedly connected to the second shell, castor oil with a similar water acoustic impedance is filled into the first shell and the second shell, and the first shell and the second shell are sealed to complete the production of the flexural electrohydrophone structure.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects: The present invention provides a detachable spider web type high-sensitivity flexoelectric hydrophone structure, which can effectively improve the sensitivity of the hydrophone by providing an annular spider web hole structure on the ceramic element, changing the critical point of curvature when the traditional disk vibrates by using the spider web structure, and expanding the range of consistent curvature. The outer shell includes a first shell and a second shell, the first shell and the second shell are connected by interlocking threads, and the clamp is placed in the second shell, wherein the other end of the first wire is connected to the electrode end through the first shell; the other end of the second wire is connected to the electrode end through the second shell; the hydrophone can be disassembled at any time and the ceramic element can be replaced by the screwing action of the disassembly groove and the thread of the second shell, thereby improving the service life of the hydrophone, and the hydrophone element also has the advantages of being passive and having stable performance.

[0016] Furthermore, the annular spider web hole structure is in the form of concentric rings on the ceramic element, wherein the annular spider web hole structure includes a plurality of spider web holes. The annular spider web hole structure formed by the plurality of spider web holes expands the range of uniform curvature, thereby effectively improving the sensitivity of the hydrophone.

[0017] Furthermore, the top cover and the bottom cover of the fixture are fixedly connected by bolts, which can ensure that a uniform clamping force is applied to the ceramic component to prevent the component from being deformed or damaged due to uneven force. The bolt connection method provides a strong clamping force, which makes the ceramic component not easy to fall off or loosen during testing or working, ensuring the accuracy and stability of the test. One end of the wire is directly clamped between the ceramic component and the inner wall of the fixture, without the need for additional welding or connection steps, simplifying the connection process between the wire and the ceramic component. Through the clamping action of the fixture, the connection between the wire and the ceramic component is more secure and not easy to fall off or loosen due to vibration or external force.

[0018] Furthermore, the first annular groove and the second annular groove are respectively arranged on the first cover and the second cover. The coaxial design ensures the precise alignment of the ceramic component during the clamping process, which helps to reduce the test error or component damage caused by inaccurate clamping. When the first cover and the second cover are buckled, the first annular groove and the second annular groove together form a clamping space that matches the thickness of the ceramic component. Not only does it ensure that the ceramic component is stably clamped, but it also prevents the component from moving or shaking during testing or working.

[0019] Furthermore, the first wire hole and the second wire hole provide precise positioning points for the wire, ensuring that the wire can be accurately connected to the upper and lower surfaces of the ceramic component, avoiding test errors or component damage caused by inaccurate wire connection. The wire is clamped between the ceramic component and the inner wall of the fixture through the wire hole, and this clamping method provides a strong clamping force. This ensures that the wire is not easy to fall off or loosen during testing or working, and improves the firmness and reliability of the wire connection.

[0020] Furthermore, the design of the first through hole and the second through hole provides an airflow channel inside the fixture. When the ceramic element generates heat during operation, these through holes can promote air flow and help dissipate heat, thereby keeping the temperature of the ceramic element within a reasonable range. Since the aperture of the through hole is larger than the ring diameter of the annular spider web hole structure on the ceramic element, this ensures that the airflow can smoothly pass through the fixture and the ceramic element, improving the heat dissipation efficiency, which helps to extend the service life of the ceramic element and improve its working stability.

[0021] Furthermore, the design of the first lead hole and the second lead hole provides a stable electrical connection channel for the wire, ensuring that the wire can be firmly connected to the electrode end, avoiding electrical failure or test error caused by unstable connection. Castor oil is used as a filler, and the water acoustic impedance of castor oil is similar to that of water, which can meet the requirements of the hydrophone for sound permeability. When sound waves are incident on the hydrophone, castor oil as a filler can ensure that the sound waves are transmitted to the internal ceramic components of the hydrophone without reflection and loss, thereby improving the sensitivity and accuracy of the hydrophone. At the same time, castor oil has good insulation and lubrication properties, which can effectively protect the wire and the electrode end from erosion and damage from the external environment, while reducing wear and heat caused by friction. Filling the lead hole with epoxy resin glue can form a tight sealing layer to prevent impurities such as moisture and dust from entering the shell, thereby ensuring the electrical performance and stability of the fixture.

[0022] Furthermore, the first shell and the second shell are connected by the tight fit of the internal and external threads, which has high strength and tightness, and can effectively prevent the fixture from loosening or falling off due to excessive force during testing or working. The tightness of the threaded connection can also prevent the castor oil or other liquids filled in the fixture from leaking due to loose connection, thereby ensuring the electrical performance and stability of the fixture. The disassembly groove set on the boss facilitates the disassembly process. The tester can use a tool to insert into the disassembly groove to easily separate the first shell and the second shell, so as to facilitate maintenance or replacement of internal components.

[0023] Furthermore, the design of the support table provides a stable support surface for the fixture. When the edge of the fixture is placed on the support table, it can effectively prevent the fixture from tilting or shaking due to uneven force during testing or working, thereby improving the stability of the fixture. The annular support table has a large contact area and can provide stronger support for the fixture, helping to ensure that the fixture can remain stable when subjected to large pressure or tension, preventing damage or failure caused by insufficient support.

[0024] The present invention also provides a method for manufacturing a detachable spider-web-type high-sensitivity flexoelectric hydrophone structure. The annular spider web hole structure is obtained by cutting on the ceramic element. This design changes the critical point of curvature when the traditional disk vibrates, so that the ceramic element can produce more uniform and consistent vibrations when subjected to hydroacoustic pressure. This change in vibration mode helps to improve the sensitivity of the hydrophone, enabling it to capture and respond to hydroacoustic signals more accurately. The introduction of the spider web structure also expands the range of consistent curvature, which means that different parts of the ceramic element can maintain closer curvature changes throughout the vibration process. This helps to reduce signal distortion and errors caused by inconsistent curvature, thereby improving the measurement accuracy and reliability of the hydrophone. A disassembly slot is provided on the second shell, which allows testers to easily use tools to enter and disassemble the hydrophone, simplifying the disassembly process and reducing maintenance costs and time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a detachable spider web-type high-sensitivity flexoelectric hydrophone according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a top view of the second shell of the detachable spider web-type high-sensitivity flexoelectric hydrophone in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of disassembling a detachable spider web-type high-sensitivity flexoelectric hydrophone according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a ceramic element in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembly of the clamp in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of a ceramic component assembled in a fixture in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structural disassembly of the outer shell in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 A simulation relationship diagram between the average surface voltage of a spider web-type flexoelectric hydrophone and the width between adjacent spider web holes provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 9 The first four resonant mode diagrams of the spider web flexoelectric hydrophone provided by the embodiment of the present invention; In the figure: 1, ceramic element; 2, gold electrode layer; 3, spider web hole; 4, fixture; 5, first wire; 6, second wire; 7, outer shell; 41, fixture top cover; 42, fixture bottom cover; 411, first cover; 412, first annular groove; 413, first through hole; 414, first bolt hole; 415, first wire hole; 421, second cover; 422, second annular groove; 423, second through hole; 424, second bolt hole; 425, second wire hole; 71, first shell; 72, second shell; 711, first lead hole; 712, internal thread; 721, second lead hole; 722, boss; 723, external thread; 724, support platform; 725, disassembly groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the scheme of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] The object of the present invention is to provide a detachable spider-web-type high-sensitivity flexoelectric hydrophone structure and a manufacturing method to solve the technical problem of how to improve the sensitivity and service life of the hydrophone in the prior art.

[0028] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings: Example 1 See also Figure 1 , Figure 2 as well as Figure 3 As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, a detachable spider web type high-sensitivity flexoelectric hydrophone structure is provided, comprising a ceramic element 1, a fixture 4, a first wire 5, a second wire 6 and an outer shell 7; the ceramic element 1 is provided with an annular spider web hole structure; the ceramic element 1 is used to be clamped in the fixture 4, wherein one end of the first wire 5 is clamped between the upper surface of the ceramic element 1 and the inner wall of the top of the fixture 4 through the top of the fixture 4; one end of the second wire 6 is clamped between the lower surface of the ceramic element 1 and the inner wall of the bottom of the fixture 4 through the bottom of the fixture 4; the outer shell 7 comprises a first shell 71 and a second shell 72, the first shell 71 and the second shell 72 are threadedly connected, the fixture 4 is placed in the second shell 72, wherein the other end of the first wire 5 is connected to the electrode end through the first shell 71; the other end of the second wire 6 is connected to the electrode end through the second shell 72; the first shell 71 and the second shell 72 are filled with castor oil; the top of the second shell 72 is provided with a disassembly groove 725 for replacing the fixture 4.

[0029] Specifically, according to Figure 4 As shown, the ceramic element 1 is in a disc structure, wherein the outer surface of the ceramic element 1 is covered with a gold electrode layer 2; the annular spider web structure is in the form of concentric rings on the ceramic element 1, wherein the annular spider web structure includes a plurality of spider web holes 3. In this embodiment, the ceramic element 1 is a BST ceramic element.

[0030] In this embodiment, the gold electrode layer 2 has the effect of corrosion resistance and non-oxidation. The annular spider web structure is in the form of concentric rings on the ceramic element, wherein the annular spider web structure includes a plurality of spider web holes 3. The annular spider web structure formed by the plurality of spider web holes expands the range of uniform curvature, effectively improving the sensitivity of the hydrophone.

[0031] Specifically, according to Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the fixture 4 includes a fixture top cover 41 and a fixture bottom cover 42; the ceramic element 1 is clamped between the fixture top cover 41 and the fixture bottom cover 42, and the fixture top cover 41 and the fixture bottom cover 42 are fixedly connected by bolts; one end of the first wire 5 is clamped between the upper surface of the ceramic element 1 and the inner wall of the fixture top cover 41 through the fixture top cover 41; one end of the second wire 6 is clamped between the lower surface of the ceramic element 1 and the inner wall of the fixture bottom cover 42 through the fixture bottom cover 42.

[0032] In this embodiment, the clamp top cover 41 and the clamp bottom cover 42 are fixedly connected by bolts, which can ensure that a uniform clamping force is applied to the ceramic element 1, thereby preventing the ceramic element 1 from being deformed or damaged due to uneven force. The bolt connection method provides a strong clamping force, so that the ceramic element 1 is not easy to fall off or loosen during testing or working, thereby ensuring the accuracy and stability of the test.

[0033] Among them, the clamp top cover 41 includes a first cover body 411, wherein a first annular groove 412 is provided on one side of the first cover body 411 that clamps the ceramic element 1; the clamp bottom cover 42 includes a second cover body 421, wherein a second annular groove 422 is provided on one side of the second cover body 421 that clamps the ceramic element 1; the first annular groove 412 and the second annular groove 422 are coaxially arranged correspondingly, and the thickness of the ceramic element 1 is equal to the groove depth after the first annular groove 412 and the second annular groove 422 are buckled together; a plurality of first bolt holes 414 are provided on the first cover body 411; a plurality of second bolt holes 424 are provided on the second cover body 421; a plurality of first bolt holes 414 correspond to the second bolt holes 424 respectively; after the first cover body 411 and the second cover body 421 are buckled together, bolts are passed through the first bolt holes 414 and the second bolt holes 424 in sequence.

[0034] In this embodiment, the first annular groove 412 and the second annular groove 422 are respectively arranged on the first cover body 411 and the second cover body 421. The coaxial design ensures the precise alignment of the ceramic component 1 during the clamping process, which helps to reduce the test error or component damage caused by inaccurate clamping. When the first cover body 411 and the second cover body 421 are buckled, the first annular groove 412 and the second annular groove 422 together form a clamping space that matches the thickness of the ceramic component 1. Not only does it ensure that the ceramic component 1 is stably clamped, but it also prevents the ceramic component 1 from moving or shaking during testing or working.

[0035] Among them, the first annular groove 412 is provided with a first wire hole 415; the second annular groove 422 is provided with a second wire hole 425; one end of the first wire 5 is clamped between the upper surface of the ceramic component 1 and the inner wall of the first cover body 411 through the first wire hole 415; one end of the second wire 6 is clamped between the lower surface of the ceramic component 1 and the inner wall of the second cover body 421 through the second wire hole 425.

[0036] In this embodiment, the first wire hole 415 and the second wire hole 425 provide precise positioning points for the wires, ensuring that the wires can be accurately connected to the upper and lower surfaces of the ceramic component 1, avoiding test errors or component damage caused by inaccurate wire connection. The wires are clamped between the ceramic component 1 and the inner wall of the fixture 4 through the wire holes, and this clamping method provides a strong clamping force. This ensures that the wires are not easy to fall off or loosen during testing or working, and improves the firmness and reliability of the wire connection.

[0037] Among them, a first through hole 413 is concentrically provided in the first annular groove 412, and the first through hole 413 passes through the first cover body 411; a second through hole 423 is concentrically provided in the second annular groove 422; the second through hole 423 passes through the second cover body 421; the first through hole 413 and the second through hole 423 are coaxially arranged correspondingly, and the apertures of the first through hole 413 and the second through hole 423 are both larger than the ring diameter of the annular spider web hole structure on the ceramic element 1.

[0038] Specifically, according to Figure 7 As shown, a first lead hole 711 is provided on the first shell 71, and the other end of the first wire 5 is connected to the electrode end through the first lead hole 711; a second lead hole 721 is provided on the second shell 72; the other end of the second wire 6 is connected to the electrode end through the second lead hole 721; the castor oil is filled into the first shell 71 and the second shell 72 through the first lead hole 711 and the second lead hole 721 respectively; and the first lead hole 711 and the second lead hole 721 are filled with epoxy resin glue for sealing.

[0039] The design of the first lead hole 711 and the second lead hole 721 in this embodiment provides a stable electrical connection channel for the wire, ensuring that the wire can be firmly connected to the electrode end, avoiding electrical failure or test error caused by unstable connection. Castor oil is used as a filler, and the water acoustic impedance of castor oil is similar to that of water, which can meet the requirements of the hydrophone for sound permeability. When the sound wave is incident on the hydrophone, castor oil as a filler can ensure that the sound wave is transmitted to the internal ceramic element 1 of the hydrophone without reflection and loss, thereby improving the sensitivity and accuracy of the hydrophone. At the same time, castor oil has good insulation and lubrication properties, which can effectively protect the wire and the electrode end from erosion and damage from the external environment, while reducing wear and heat caused by friction. Filling the lead hole with epoxy resin glue can form a tight sealing layer to prevent impurities such as moisture and dust from entering the shell, thereby ensuring the electrical performance and stability of the fixture.

[0040] Specifically, the inner wall of the first shell 71 is provided with an internal thread 712, and the top of the second shell 72 is provided with a boss 722, the boss 722 is a circular ring structure, and the outer wall of the boss 722 is provided with an external thread 723; the first shell 71 is connected to the boss 722 by threads; the disassembly groove is set on the boss 722.

[0041] A support platform 724 is formed between the bottom edge of the boss 722 and the top edge of the second shell 72 . The support platform 724 is arranged in a ring shape, and the edge of the clamp 4 is mounted on the support platform 724 .

[0042] In summary, the present invention provides a detachable spider web type high-sensitivity flexoelectric hydrophone structure, which can effectively improve the sensitivity of the hydrophone by providing an annular spider web hole structure on the ceramic element 1, changing the critical point of curvature when the traditional disk vibrates by using the spider web structure, and expanding the range of consistent curvature. The outer shell 7 includes a first shell 71 and a second shell 72, the first shell 71 and the second shell 72 are interlocked and threaded, and the clamp 4 is placed in the second shell 72, wherein the other end of the first wire 5 is connected to the electrode end through the first shell 71; the other end of the second wire 6 is connected to the electrode end through the second shell 72; the hydrophone can be disassembled at any time and the ceramic element 1 can be replaced by the disassembly groove 725 of the second shell 72 and the screwing action of the thread, thereby improving the service life of the hydrophone, and the hydrophone element also has the advantages of being passive and having stable performance.

[0043] Example 2 This embodiment 2 provides a method for manufacturing a detachable spider web-type high-sensitivity flexo-electro-hydrophone structure, based on the above-mentioned detachable spider web-type high-sensitivity flexo-electro-hydrophone structure, including the following process: Step 1: Prepare a flexoelectric ceramic sheet.

[0044] The cylindrical flexoelectric ceramics with a diameter of 20 mm and a height of 10 mm were fired by solid phase sintering method, and the fired flexoelectric ceramics were cut into flexoelectric ceramic sheets with a diameter of 20 mm and a thickness of 0.5 mm by diamond wire cutting machine. The upper and lower surfaces of the flexoelectric ceramic sheets were sputtered with a 20 nm thick gold electrode layer 2 by magnetron sputtering.

[0045] Step 2: Prepare a spider-web-type flexoelectric ceramic element 1.

[0046] The prepared flexoelectric ceramic sheet is precisely cut by CO2 laser cutting technology to obtain a spider web-type flexoelectric ceramic element 1. The spider web-type flexoelectric ceramic element 1 has a thickness of 0.5 mm and a diameter of 20 mm.

[0047] Step 3: Prepare a fixture 4 for the spider-web-type flexoelectric ceramic element 1.

[0048] The material of the fixture 4 is an insulating and environmentally friendly PLA thermoplastic material, and the PLA thermoplastic material is 3D printed using a 3D printer. The fixture 4 is divided into a fixture top cover 41 and a fixture bottom cover 42, which are exactly the same in size and shape, with an inner ring diameter of 14 mm, an outer ring diameter of 33 mm, and a thickness of 2 mm. Four bolt holes with a diameter of 2 mm are evenly arranged along the circumference at 11.5 mm from the center of the ring as fixing holes, and a circular small hole with a diameter of 1 mm is arranged at 9 mm from the center of the ring as a wire hole. There is also an annular groove on the fixture top cover 41 and the fixture bottom cover 42 with the same center, an inner ring diameter of 14 mm, an outer ring diameter of 20 mm, and a depth of 0.25 mm.

[0049] Step 4: Fix the spider-web type flexoelectric ceramic component 1 with a clamp 4 .

[0050] The spider web type flexure electric ceramic component 1 is completely embedded in the middle of the annular groove of the clamp top cover 41 and the clamp bottom cover 42, and then the fixing holes of the clamp top cover 41 and the clamp bottom cover 42 are aligned, and the spider web type flexure electric ceramic component 1 is fastened with four bolts and nuts respectively to form a circular structure with surrounding fixed support. The spider web type flexure electric ceramic component 1 and the fixed support parts of the clamp top cover 41 and the clamp bottom cover 42 are respectively provided with a wire, and the wire is led out from the wire hole.

[0051] Step 5: Prepare the outer shell 7 of the spider web type flexoelectric hydrophone.

[0052] The outer shell 7 of the spider web flexoelectric hydrophone is made of nickel-chromium alloy, which can effectively shield the interference of electric and magnetic fields. The outer shell 7 is divided into two parts: a first shell 71 and a second shell 72. The first shell 71 is a hollow semi-cylindrical shell with an inner wall diameter of 30 mm, a height of 16 mm, and a wall thickness of 5 mm, and an inner ring diameter of 37 mm, an outer ring diameter of 40 mm, and a height of 4 mm. The inner wall of the ring has a circle of M4×0.7 internal threads 712 with a depth of 4 mm, and a first lead hole 711 with a diameter of 5 mm in the middle of the outer wall of the first shell 71. The second shell 72 is a hollow semi-cylindrical shell with an inner wall diameter of 30 mm, a height of 20 mm, and a wall thickness of 5 mm, and is integrated with a circular ring with an inner ring diameter of 33 mm, an outer ring diameter of 37 mm, and a height of 4 mm. There is a circle of M4×0.7 external threads 723 with a depth of 4 mm on the outer wall of the circular ring, and a disassembly groove 725 with a depth of 4 mm, a width of 1.5 mm, and a length of 3 mm on the inner wall of the circular ring. At the same time, a support platform 724 with an inner ring diameter of 30 mm, an outer ring diameter of 33 mm, and a depth of 4 mm is formed inside the circular ring. There is also a second lead hole 721 with a diameter of 5 mm in the middle of the outer wall of the second shell 72.

[0053] Step 6: Packaging preparation of spider web flexoelectric hydrophone.

[0054] Place the fixture 4 that fixes the spider web-type flexural electric ceramic element 1 in step 4 into the support platform 724 of the second shell 72. The depth of the groove and the outer ring diameter are respectively consistent with the thickness and diameter of the fixture 4, and the fixture 4 can be perfectly fixed in the support platform 724 of the second shell 72. The internal thread 712 of the first shell 71 and the external thread 723 of the second shell 72 fasten the first shell 71 and the second shell 72 together through the screwing action of the threads. Lead out the wires through the lead holes of the first shell 71 and the second shell 72, respectively, and fill them with castor oil that is close to the water acoustic impedance. Finally, use epoxy resin glue to seal the lead holes of the first shell 71 and the second shell 72 to complete the packaging preparation of the spider web-type flexural electric hydrophone.

[0055] In order to verify the correctness of the structure of the present invention, a commercial finite element software (COMSOL Multiphysics 5.5) was selected to establish a finite element model of the present invention, and then a size optimization design and modal analysis were performed on it to obtain the characteristic frequency of the structure and the sensitivity of the hydrophone.

[0056] The material parameters used in the modeling process are shown in the following table:

[0057] 1. Size optimization design For a spider web-type flexoelectric ceramic element 1 of a given specification, there is always an optimal value for the width between adjacent spider web holes 3 that make up the spider web structure. After being fixed by the clamp 4, the maximum diameter of the part of the spider web-type flexoelectric ceramic element 1 that actually generates vibration is 14 mm. By performing a parametric scan on the model, the relationship between the surface average voltage of the designed flexoelectric hydrophone and the width between adjacent spider web holes 3 can be obtained as follows: Figure 8 As shown in the figure, it can be seen that when the width between adjacent spider web holes 3 is between 0.5 mm and 2.0 mm, the average surface voltage of the flexoelectric hydrophone decreases as the width between adjacent spider web holes 3 increases. For the flexoelectric hydrophone of this structure, the width between adjacent spider web holes 3 is selected to be 0.5 mm.

[0058] 2. Modal analysis The modal analysis of the spider web structure of the present invention can obtain the first four modes of the designed flexoelectric hydrophone, and its characteristic frequency is 25258 Hz, such as Fig. 9 shown.

[0059] 3. Voltage sensitivity of flexoelectric hydrophone ( M ) refers to the open circuit voltage at the output end of the flexoelectric hydrophone in the free sound field where the flexoelectric hydrophone is located ( U ) and the free field sound pressure acting at the acoustic center of the flexoelectric hydrophone ( p ), that is M=U / p It reflects the ability of the flexoelectric hydrophone to convert sound pressure into voltage signals.

[0060] The free-field sound pressure is selected as 100 Pa and its frequency is 20000 Hz. For the designed spider-web flexo electrohydrophone, its output open-circuit voltage is 4.196E-5 μV, and the calculated voltage sensitivity is 4.196E-7 μV / Pa. For the traditional disc-type flexo electrohydrophone of the same size, its output open-circuit voltage is 9.884E-6 μV, and the calculated voltage sensitivity is 9.884E-8 μV / Pa. Therefore, it can be seen that the sensitivity of the spider-web flexo electrohydrophone is 4.25 times that of the traditional disc-type flexo electrohydrophone, which has a significant improvement effect.

[0061] In summary, the present invention provides a detachable spider-web-type high-sensitivity flexural electrohydrophone structure and manufacturing method. When the ceramic element 1 fixed on the boundary vibrates in the first vibration mode, the curvature around its central area is always opposite in sign to the curvature away from the central area. Since the flexural induced voltage in the disk is proportional to the curvature, this will lead to the cancellation of the output electrical signal, which will significantly weaken the performance of the hydrophone. By adopting a spider-web structure, the critical point of the curvature during the first-order vibration of the disk can be changed, the range of consistent curvature can be expanded, the output electrical signal of the hydrophone can be enhanced, and the sensitivity of the hydrophone can be improved. The spider-web-type flexural electrohydrophone provided by the present invention can significantly enhance the sensitivity of traditional disc-type flexural electrohydrophones, and the components of the hydrophone can be disassembled and replaced at any time, which increases the service life of the hydrophone. At the same time, it has the advantages of being passive and having stable performance.

[0062] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, ordinary technicians in the relevant field should understand that the specific implementation methods of the present invention can still be modified or replaced by equivalents. Any modification or equivalent replacement that does not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A detachable spider web-type high-sensitivity flexoelectric hydrophone structure, characterized in that: It comprises a ceramic element (1), a fixture (4), a first wire (5), a second wire (6) and an outer shell (7); The ceramic element (1) is provided with an annular spider web structure; The ceramic element (1) is used to be clamped in a fixture (4), wherein one end of the first wire (5) is clamped between the upper surface of the ceramic element (1) and the inner wall of the top of the fixture (4) through the top of the fixture (4); and one end of the second wire (6) is clamped between the lower surface of the ceramic element (1) and the inner wall of the bottom of the fixture (4) through the bottom of the fixture (4); The outer shell (7) comprises a first shell (71) and a second shell (72), wherein the first shell (71) and the second shell (72) are threadedly connected to each other, and the clamp (4) is placed in the second shell (72), wherein the other end of the first wire (5) is connected to the electrode end through the first shell (71); the other end of the second wire (6) is connected to the electrode end through the second shell (72); and castor oil is filled in the first shell (71) and the second shell (72); A disassembly slot (725) is provided on the top of the second shell (72) for replacing the clamp (4).

2. The detachable spider web-type high-sensitivity flexoelectric hydrophone structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The ceramic element (1) is in the form of a disk structure, wherein the outer surface of the ceramic element (1) is covered with a gold electrode layer (2); the annular spider web structure is in the form of concentric rings on the ceramic element (1), wherein the annular spider web structure includes a plurality of spider web holes (3).

3. The detachable spider web-type high-sensitivity flexoelectric hydrophone structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamp (4) comprises a clamp top cover (41) and a clamp bottom cover (42); The ceramic element (1) is clamped between a clamp top cover (41) and a clamp bottom cover (42), and the clamp top cover (41) and the clamp bottom cover (42) are fixedly connected by bolts; One end of the first wire (5) is clamped between the upper surface of the ceramic element (1) and the inner wall of the clamp top cover (41) through the clamp top cover (41); one end of the second wire (6) is clamped between the lower surface of the ceramic element (1) and the inner wall of the clamp bottom cover (42) through the clamp bottom cover (42).

4. The detachable spider web-type high-sensitivity flexoelectric hydrophone structure according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The clamp top cover (41) comprises a first cover body (411), wherein a first annular groove (412) is provided on one side of the first cover body (411) for clamping the ceramic element (1); The clamp bottom cover (42) comprises a second cover body (421), and a second annular groove (422) is provided on one side of the second cover body (421) for clamping the ceramic element (1); The first annular groove (412) and the second annular groove (422) are coaxially arranged correspondingly, and the thickness of the ceramic element (1) is equal to the groove depth after the first annular groove (412) and the second annular groove (422) are buckled together; The first cover body (411) is provided with a plurality of first bolt holes (414); the second cover body (421) is provided with a plurality of second bolt holes (424); the plurality of first bolt holes (414) correspond to the second bolt holes (424) respectively; After the first cover body (411) and the second cover body (421) are buckled together, bolts are passed through the first bolt hole (414) and the second bolt hole (424) in sequence.

5. The detachable spider web-type high-sensitivity flexoelectric hydrophone structure according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The first annular groove (412) is provided with a first wire hole (415); the second annular groove (422) is provided with a second wire hole (425); One end of the first wire (5) is clamped between the upper surface of the ceramic element (1) and the inner wall of the first cover (411) through a first wire hole (415); and one end of the second wire (6) is clamped between the lower surface of the ceramic element (1) and the inner wall of the second cover (421) through a second wire hole (425).

6. The detachable spider web-type high-sensitivity flexoelectric hydrophone structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: A first through hole (413) is coaxially arranged in the first annular groove (412), and the first through hole (413) is arranged to penetrate the first cover body (411); A second through hole (423) is coaxially arranged in the second annular groove (422); the second through hole (423) is arranged to penetrate the second cover body (421); The first through hole (413) and the second through hole (423) are coaxially arranged correspondingly, wherein the apertures of the first through hole (413) and the second through hole (423) are both larger than the ring diameter of the annular spider web hole structure on the ceramic element (1).

7. The detachable spider web-type high-sensitivity flexoelectric hydrophone structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first shell (71) is provided with a first lead hole (711), and the other end of the first lead (5) is connected to the electrode end through the first lead hole (711); The second shell (72) is provided with a second lead hole (721); the other end of the second lead (6) is connected to the electrode end through the second lead hole (721); The castor oil is respectively filled into the first shell (71) and the second shell (72) through the first lead hole (711) and the second lead hole (721); and the first lead hole (711) and the second lead hole (721) are filled with epoxy resin glue for sealing.

8. The detachable spider web-type high-sensitivity flexoelectric hydrophone structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the first shell (71) is provided with an internal thread (712), the top of the second shell (72) is provided with a boss (722), the boss (722) is in a circular ring structure, and the outer wall of the boss (722) is provided with an external thread (723); the first shell (71) is connected to the boss (722) by means of threads; and the disassembly groove is provided on the boss (722).

9. The detachable spider web-type high-sensitivity flexoelectric hydrophone structure according to claim 8, characterized in that: A support platform (724) is formed between the bottom edge of the boss (722) and the top edge of the second shell (72); the support platform (724) is arranged in a ring shape, and the edge of the clamp (4) is mounted on the support platform (724).

10. A method for manufacturing a detachable spider web-type high-sensitivity flexoelectric hydrophone structure, characterized in that: A detachable spider web-type high-sensitivity flexoelectric hydrophone structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the following process: A cylindrical flexoelectric ceramic is fired by a solid phase sintering method, and then the fired flexoelectric ceramic is cut by a diamond wire cutting machine to form a flexoelectric ceramic sheet, and a gold electrode layer (2) is formed on the outer surface of the flexoelectric ceramic sheet by sputtering with a magnetron sputtering device; The flexoelectric ceramic sheet is cut by CO2 laser cutting technology to obtain a ceramic element (1), and a ring-shaped spider web structure is cut on the ceramic element (1); A PLA thermoplastic material is 3D printed using a 3D printer to obtain a fixture (4), and the fixture (4) clamps the ceramic element (1); wherein one end of the first wire (5) is clamped between the upper surface of the ceramic element (1) and the top inner wall of the fixture (4) through the top of the fixture (4); and one end of the second wire (6) is clamped between the lower surface of the ceramic element (1) and the bottom inner wall of the fixture (4) through the bottom of the fixture (4); The clamps (4) are placed in the second shell (72), wherein the other end of the first wire (5) is connected to the electrode end through the first shell (71); the other end of the second wire (6) is connected to the electrode end through the second shell (72); the first shell (71) is then threadedly connected to the second shell (72), castor oil having a similar water acoustic impedance is filled into the first shell (71) and the second shell (72), and the first shell (71) and the second shell (72) are sealed, thereby completing the manufacture of the flexural electrohydrophone structure.

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