Small-size deep sea hydrophone and manufacturing process thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to an underwater acoustic transducer which can resist long-term work under the condition of deep sea high water pressure, is high in sensitivity, wide in band, low in noise and high in electromagnetic interference resistance, is used in deep sea detection and communication sonar systems, and solves the problems that an existing underwater acoustic transducer is low in receiving sensitivity along with increase of water pressure, poor in long-term work corrosion resistance and low in cost. And noise of the hydrophone and external electromagnetic interference cause signal interference. A novel high polymer material is adopted to reduce acoustic impedance, enhance the coupling effect with seawater and reduce sound wave reflection loss. Meanwhile, by optimizing the internal structure design, the stability and durability of the device under the deep sea high pressure condition are ensured. And the hydrophone shell is made of an alloy material with good corrosion resistance, so that the hydrophone shell is prevented from being corroded in a marine environment for a long time, and the service life is prolonged. By improving the design and manufacturing process of the transducer, the transducer can cover acoustic signals in a broadband range, and the multi-spectrum requirement of a deep sea detection and communication system is met. Advanced noise suppression technology and shielding measures are adopted, noise of the hydrophone is effectively reduced, external electromagnetic interference resistance is improved, and it is guaranteed that high-quality acoustic data are obtained in a complex deep sea environment. In conclusion, the invention provides the hydrophone which is excellent in working performance in the deep sea high-pressure environment, has the characteristics of high sensitivity, broadband response and the like, can effectively resist the influence of a severe environment, and provides key technical support for deep sea detection and a communication sonar system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of underwater acoustic transducers, and in particular to the design, manufacturing, and process technology of a small-sized hydrophone suitable for deep-sea use. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrophones, also known as underwater microphones, convert acoustic signals generated by pressure changes underwater into electrical signals, thus reliably determining underwater pressure. They are commonly used in acoustic research fields such as sound field mapping, acoustic sensor calibration, and ultrasonic equipment testing, calibration, and performance evaluation. As a key device for underwater acoustic detection and research, the design and manufacturing technology of hydrophones directly affects the ability to capture, process, and analyze underwater sound signals. Traditional piezoelectric ceramic hydrophones, due to the inherent characteristics of the material, such as the significant difference in acoustic impedance between the material and water, do indeed experience severe reflection losses of some incident sound waves at the interface, thus affecting the sensitivity and receiving efficiency of the hydrophone. With the continuous development and progress of science and technology, the application technology of hydrophones has gradually matured. In existing technologies, most hydrophones are made of piezoelectric ceramic materials or composite materials. However, current hydrophones made of piezoelectric ceramic materials suffer from poor overall performance due to the material's structure. The longitudinal and lateral acoustic impedances of the piezoelectric ceramic material are significantly higher than those of water, causing most of the sound energy to be reflected at the interface between the water and the ceramic. This results in low sensitivity and poor overall performance. Existing technologies lack miniature hydrophones with low packaging complexity and high sensitivity. To address this issue, researchers are constantly exploring new technologies and materials to improve hydrophone performance. This invention utilizes composite materials and optimized structural design to reduce sound wave reflection and enhance coupling, thereby improving the overall performance of the hydrophone. This results in higher sensitivity, a wider frequency response range, and stronger environmental resistance, meeting the increasingly complex needs of underwater acoustic detection and monitoring. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the problems of existing hydrophones, the present invention aims to provide a high-sensitivity, wide-bandwidth, low-noise, and electromagnetically interference-resistant sonar system that can withstand long-term operation under high water pressure conditions in the deep sea. This system is suitable for use in deep-sea exploration and communication sonar systems, and solves the problems of existing underwater acoustic transducers, such as decreased receiving sensitivity with increasing water pressure, poor corrosion resistance during long-term operation, and signal interference from the hydrophone's own noise and external electromagnetic interference.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0005] A hydrophone includes a titanium alloy shell, a piezoelectric ceramic tube, a copper wire electromagnetic shielding mesh, a signal preamplifier, a specially made rigid polyurethane foam structural component, a sound-permeable epoxy resin glass fiber structural component, a low-sulfur cork rubber material, an electromagnetic shielding electronic chamber, a low-sulfur rubber decoupling and vibration isolation material, a polyurethane sound-permeable watertight coating layer, a low-sulfur rubber sound-permeable watertight coating layer, and silver wire conductors, etc. Attached Figure Description

[0006] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a small-sized deep-sea hydrophone according to the present invention;

[0007] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the signal receiving part of a small-sized deep-sea hydrophone according to the present invention;

[0008] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the signal amplification circuit of a small-sized deep-sea hydrophone according to the present invention;

[0009] Among them, 1-low sulfur rubber sound-permeable watertight coating layer, 2-copper wire electromagnetic shielding mesh, 3-special rigid polyurethane foam structural component, 4-polyurethane sound-permeable watertight coating layer, 5-piezoelectric ceramic element, 6-low sulfur cork rubber material, 7-silver wire conductor, 8-low sulfur rubber decoupling and vibration isolation material, 9-sound-permeable epoxy resin glass fiber structural component, 10-titanium alloy shell, 11-electromagnetic shielding electronic cabin, 12-signal preamplifier, 13-low noise cable, 14-rubber watertight vulcanized coating layer. Detailed Implementation

[0010] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are simplified schematic diagrams illustrating only the basic structure of the invention. To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be further described in detail below. Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the present invention includes 1-low sulfur rubber sound-permeable watertight covering layer, 2-copper wire electromagnetic shielding mesh, 3-special rigid polyurethane foam structural component, 4-polyurethane sound-permeable watertight covering layer, 5-piezoelectric ceramic element, 6-low sulfur cork rubber material, 7-silver wire conductor, 8-low sulfur rubber decoupling and vibration isolation material, 9-sound-permeable epoxy resin glass fiber structural component, 10-titanium alloy shell, 11-electromagnetic shielding electronic compartment, 12-signal preamplifier, 13-low noise cable, and 14-rubber watertight vulcanized part.

[0011] The manufacturing process is as follows;

[0012] Before assembling, clean all components of the hydrophone with anhydrous ethanol and acetone, and assemble them in the following order:

[0013] (1) Fill the inside of the piezoelectric ceramic tube with low sulfur cork rubber material, and then assemble it with a specially made rigid polyurethane foam structure.

[0014] (2) Connect the positive electrode of the piezoelectric ceramic tube in series with silver wire, and use epoxy resin to bond its bottom to low sulfur rubber decoupling and vibration isolation material and sound-permeable epoxy resin glass fiber structure, and put it into a 40℃ oven to dry for 24 hours.

[0015] (3) The bottom of the acoustically permeable epoxy resin glass fiber structure is connected to the upper part of the titanium alloy shell of the hydrophone by thread.

[0016] (4) Use JA-S casting polyurethane to watertightly encapsulate the hydrophone;

[0017] (5) Cover the surface of the cured polyurethane with the copper wire electromagnetic shielding mesh and weld it to the titanium alloy shell of the hydrophone.

[0018] (6) The hydrophone is watertightly vulcanized and coated with low-sulfur sound-permeable rubber;

[0019] (7) Install the signal preamplifier in the electromagnetic shielding electronic cabin. The electromagnetic shielding electronic cabin is made of rigid polyethylene plastic and uses copper wire electromagnetic shielding mesh to provide electromagnetic shielding protection for the signal preamplifier.

[0020] (8) Connect the hydrophone signal output wire to the signal preamplifier and low-noise cable installed in the electromagnetic shielded electronic cabin;

[0021] (9) Rubber watertight vulcanization is performed on the titanium alloy shell of the hydrophone and the low noise cable.

Claims

1. A hydrophone, characterized in that, It includes a titanium alloy shell, piezoelectric ceramic components, copper wire electromagnetic shielding mesh, signal preamplifier, electromagnetic shielding electronic cabin, specially made rigid polyurethane foam structural components, sound-permeable epoxy resin glass fiber structural components, low sulfur cork rubber material, low sulfur rubber decoupling and vibration isolation material, polyurethane sound-permeable watertight coating layer, low sulfur rubber sound-permeable watertight coating layer, and silver wire conductor.

2. A hydrophone according to claim 1, characterized in that, The titanium alloy shell has a structure in which the lower opening is watertightly vulcanized with a low-noise cable, and the top is connected to a sound-permeable epoxy resin glass fiber structure by threads.

3. A hydrophone according to claim 1, characterized in that, The positive and negative electrodes of the piezoelectric ceramic tube are connected in series with silver wires. The inside is filled with low-sulfur cork rubber material and separated by a special rigid polyurethane foam structure material. It has high hardness and strength and can withstand a 15MPa water pressure test without being damaged.

4. A hydrophone according to claim 1, characterized in that, The copper wire electromagnetic shielding mesh is made of tin-plated copper wire, with a weaving angle of 40°±5° and a weaving density greater than 80%.

5. A hydrophone according to claim 1, characterized in that, The signal preamplifier is installed in an electromagnetically shielded electronic cabin made of rigid polyethylene plastic, and is electromagnetically shielded and protected by a copper wire electromagnetic shielding mesh.

6. A method for manufacturing a hydrophone according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Fill the inside of the piezoelectric ceramic tube with low sulfur cork rubber material, and then assemble it with a specially made rigid polyurethane foam structure. (2) Connect the positive electrode of the piezoelectric ceramic tube in series with silver wire, and use epoxy resin to bond its bottom to low sulfur rubber decoupling and vibration isolation material and sound-permeable epoxy resin glass fiber structure, and put it into a 40℃ oven to dry for 24 hours. (3) The bottom of the acoustically permeable epoxy resin glass fiber structure is connected to the upper part of the titanium alloy shell of the hydrophone by thread. (4) Use JA-S casting polyurethane to watertightly encapsulate the hydrophone; (5) Cover the surface of the cured polyurethane with the copper wire electromagnetic shielding mesh and weld it to the titanium alloy shell of the hydrophone. (6) The hydrophone is watertightly vulcanized and coated with low-sulfur sound-permeable rubber; (7) The signal preamplifier is installed in an electromagnetic shielding electronic cabin. The electromagnetic shielding electronic cabin is made of rigid polyethylene plastic, and a copper wire electromagnetic shielding mesh is used to provide electromagnetic shielding protection for the signal preamplifier. (8) Connect the hydrophone signal output wire to the signal preamplifier and low-noise cable installed in the electromagnetic shielded electronic cabin; (9) Rubber watertight vulcanization is performed on the titanium alloy shell of the hydrophone and the low noise cable.

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