Wireless transmit / receive unit and method implemented therein

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and apparatus for network energy saving. A method may be implemented in a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU). The method may include receiving, via RRC signaling, information indicating a configuration pattern of time periods, wherein each time period includes an interval during which a cell is available for reception or transmission and an interval during which a cell is not available for reception or transmission; receiving configuration information indicating a PUCCH resource for transmitting the SR; receiving a DCI comprising an indication associated with a configuration pattern of a time period, wherein the indicated configuration pattern of the time period is applicable after a predefined delay after receiving the DCI; determining whether the indication indicates that a configuration mode is suitable for reception; determining to transmit the SR on one of the PUCCH resources configured for transmitting the SR; and determining not to transmit the SR if the PUCCH resource is not within the interval during which the cell is available for reception.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of the invention patent application with application number 202280079876.2 filed on November 3, 2022, and invention name "Methods, architectures, devices and systems for network energy saving".

[0002] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0003] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Patent Application No. 63 / 275,207 filed on November 3, 2021 and U.S. Patent Application No. 63 / 327,462 filed on April 5, 2022, the entirety of each of which is incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0004] The present disclosure relates to methods, architectures and devices for network energy conservation. Background Art

[0005] The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Wireless Local Area Network (RAN) discusses improvements related to energy saving of wireless transmit / receive units (WTRUs) and networks. For example, the design of New Radio (NR) Release 15 allows for improved energy saving by reducing transmissions from the network when there is no data. The network may consume a lot of energy for processing operations other than transmission, such as, for example, baseband processing for reception and / or beamforming. The embodiments described herein are designed in view of the above. Summary of the invention

[0006] Methods, architectures, devices, and systems related to network energy conservation are described herein. In one embodiment, a method may be implemented in a WTRU. The method may include receiving first information indicating (i) one or more scheduling request (SR) resources and (ii) a set of wake-up request opportunities, wherein each SR resource may be associated with one or more availability levels. The method may include determining that the WTRU may be at a first availability level. The method may include transmitting a first wake-up request using a first wake-up request opportunity in the set of wake-up request opportunities, wherein the first wake-up request may be transmitted based on: determining that the SR may be transmitted using an SR resource associated with a second availability level in the one or more availability levels. The method may include transmitting the SR to the SR resource associated with the second availability level. Under the condition that a time period after the transmission of the first wake-up request ends without receiving an availability level indication, the WTRU may use a second wake-up request opportunity in the set of wake-up request opportunities to transmit a second wake-up request, wherein the first wake-up request may be transmitted at a first transmission power, and the second wake-up request may be transmitted at a second transmission power that may be higher than the first transmission power. In one embodiment, a device includes any one of a transmitter, a receiver, a processor, and a memory, and the device may be configured to perform the method described herein. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0007] A more detailed understanding can be obtained from the following detailed description, which is given by way of example in conjunction with its accompanying drawings. As with the detailed description, the figures in such drawings are exemplary. Therefore, the drawings and specific embodiments should not be considered limiting, and other equally effective examples are possible and contemplated. In addition, like reference numerals ("ref.") in the accompanying drawings ("Figures") indicate similar elements, and wherein:

[0008] Figure 1A is a system diagram illustrating an exemplary communication system in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented;

[0009] Figure 1B It shows that Figure 1A A system diagram of an exemplary wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) for use within the communication system shown;

[0010] Figure 1C It shows that Figure 1A A system diagram of an exemplary radio access network (RAN) and an exemplary core network (CN) used within the illustrated communication system;

[0011] Figure 1D It shows that Figure 1A A system diagram of an additional exemplary RAN and an additional exemplary CN used within the illustrated communication system;

[0012] Figure 2 is a transmission timing diagram illustrating an example of WTRU operation that can achieve network energy conservation;

[0013] Figure 3 is a diagram showing an example of a method for network energy saving; and

[0014] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating another example of a method for network energy saving. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] In the following detailed description, many specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments and / or examples disclosed herein. However, it should be understood that such embodiments and examples may be practiced without some or all of the specific details set forth herein. In other cases, well-known methods, processes, components, and circuits are not described in detail to avoid blurring the following description. In addition, embodiments and examples not specifically described herein may be practiced in place of embodiments and other examples explicitly, implicitly, and / or inherently described, disclosed, or otherwise provided (collectively referred to as "provided") herein, or practiced in combination with these embodiments and examples.

[0016] Exemplary Communication System

[0017] Figure 1A 1 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary communication system 100 in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented. The communication system 100 may be a multiple access system that provides content such as voice, data, video, messaging, broadcast, etc. to multiple wireless users. The communication system 100 may enable multiple wireless users to access such content through sharing of system resources (including wireless bandwidth). For example, the communication system 100 may employ one or more channel access methods such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), single carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), zero tail unique word DFT spread OFDM (ZT UW DTS-s OFDM), unique word OFDM (UW-OFDM), resource block filtered OFDM, filter bank multi-carrier (FBMC), etc.

[0018] like Figure 1AAs shown, the communication system 100 may include wireless transmit / receive units (WTRUs) 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, RAN 104 / 113, CN 106 / 115, public switched telephone network (PSTN) 108, Internet 110 and other networks 112, but it should be understood that the disclosed embodiments contemplate any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks, and / or network elements. Each of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may be any type of device configured to operate and / or communicate in a wireless environment. By way of example, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d (any of which may be referred to as a “station” and / or “STA”) may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals and may include user equipment (UE), a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a subscription-based unit, a pager, a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a smart phone, a laptop, a netbook, a personal computer, a wireless sensor, a hotspot or Mi-Fi device, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a watch or other wearable device, a head-mounted display (HMD), a vehicle, a drone, medical devices and applications (e.g., remote surgery), industrial devices and applications (e.g., robots and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or automated process chain environment), a consumer electronic device, a device operating on a commercial and / or industrial wireless network, etc. Any of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d may be interchangeably referred to as a UE.

[0019] The communication system 100 may also include a base station 114a and / or a base station 114b. Each of the base stations 114a, 114b may be any type of device that is configured to wirelessly interface with at least one of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to facilitate access to one or more communication networks, such as the CN 106 / 115, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112. By way of example, the base stations 114a, 114b may be a base transceiver station (BTS), a Node B, an eNode B, a Home Node B, a Home eNode B, a gNB, an NR Node B, a site controller, an access point (AP), a wireless router, and the like. While the base stations 114a, 114b are each depicted as a single element, it will be appreciated that the base stations 114a, 114b may include any number of interconnected base stations and / or network elements.

[0020] The base station 114a may be part of the RAN 104 / 113, which may also include other base stations and / or network elements (not shown), such as a base station controller (BSC), a radio network controller (RNC), a relay node, etc. The base station 114a and / or the base station 114b may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals on one or more carrier frequencies (which may be referred to as cells (not shown)). These frequencies may be in a licensed spectrum, an unlicensed spectrum, or a combination of licensed and unlicensed spectrums. A cell may provide coverage of wireless services to a specific geographic area, which may be relatively fixed or may change over time. The cell may be further divided into cell sectors. For example, a cell associated with the base station 114a may be divided into three sectors. Therefore, in one embodiment, the base station 114a may include three transceivers, i.e., one transceiver for each sector of the cell. In an embodiment, the base station 114a may employ multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology and may utilize multiple transceivers for each sector of the cell. For example, beamforming may be used to transmit and / or receive signals in a desired spatial direction.

[0021] The base stations 114a, 114b may communicate with one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d over an air interface 116, which may be any suitable wireless communication link (e.g., radio frequency (RF), microwave, centimeter wave, micrometer wave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, etc.). The air interface 116 may be established using any suitable radio access technology (RAT).

[0022] More specifically, as noted above, the communication system 100 may be a multiple access system and may employ one or more channel access schemes such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, etc. For example, the base station 114a in the RAN 104 / 113 and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), which may use Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) to establish the air interface 116. WCDMA may include communication protocols such as High Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA) and / or Evolved HSPA (HSPA+). HSPA may include High-Speed ​​Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and / or High-Speed ​​Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA).

[0023] In one embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA), which may establish the air interface 116 using Long Term Evolution (LTE) and / or Advanced LTE (LTE-A) and / or Advanced LTE Pro (LTE-A Pro).

[0024] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as NR radio access that may establish the air interface 116 using New Radio (NR).

[0025] In one embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement multiple radio access technologies. For example, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement LTE radio access and NR radio access together, for example using dual connectivity (DC) principles. Thus, the air interface utilized by the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be characterized by multiple types of radio access technologies and / or transmissions sent to / from multiple types of base stations (e.g., eNBs and gNBs).

[0026] In other embodiments, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (i.e., Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi)), IEEE 802.16 (i.e., Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)), CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1X, CDMA2000 EV-DO, Interim Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), Interim Standard 856 (IS-856), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), GSM Enhanced Data Rates for Evolution (EDGE), GSM EDGE (GERAN), etc.

[0027] Figure 1AThe base station 114b in the may be, for example, a wireless router, a Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, or an access point, and may utilize any suitable RAT to facilitate wireless connectivity in a local area, such as a business location, a home, a vehicle, a campus, an industrial facility, an air corridor (e.g., for use by drones), a road, and the like. In one embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.11 to establish a wireless local area network (WLAN). In one embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.15 to establish a wireless personal area network (WPAN). In yet another embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may utilize a cellular-based RAT (e.g., WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR, etc.) to establish a picocell or a femtocell. As Figure 1A As shown, base station 114b may have a direct connection to Internet 110. Therefore, base station 114b may not need to access Internet 110 via CN 106 / 115.

[0028] The RAN 104 / 113 may be in communication with the CN 106 / 115, which may be any type of network configured to provide voice, data, applications and / or Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) services to one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d. The data may have different quality of service (QoS) requirements, such as different throughput requirements, delay requirements, error tolerance requirements, reliability requirements, data throughput requirements, mobility requirements, etc. The CN 106 / 115 may provide call control, billing services, mobile location-based services, pre-paid calling, Internet connectivity, video distribution, etc., and / or perform high-level security functions, such as user authentication. Although not described in detail in the accompanying drawings, the CN 106 / 115 may be used to provide a plurality of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, and / or ... Figure 1A Although not shown in the figure, it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 / 113 and / or the CN 106 / 115 may be in direct or indirect communication with other RANs that employ the same RAT as the RAN 104 / 113 or a different RAT. For example, in addition to being connected to the RAN 104 / 113, which may utilize NR radio technology, the CN 106 / 115 may also be in communication with another RAN (not shown) that employs GSM, UMTS, CDMA2000, WiMAX, E-UTRA, or Wi-Fi radio technology.

[0029] The CN 106 / 115 may also act as a gateway for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to access the PSTN 108, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112. The PSTN 108 may include a circuit-switched telephone network that provides plain old telephone service (POTS). The Internet 110 may include a global system of interconnected computer networks and devices that use common communication protocols, such as the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), and / or the Internet Protocol (IP) in the TCP / IP Internet protocol suite. The networks 112 may include wired and / or wireless communication networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. For example, the networks 112 may include another CN connected to one or more RANs, which may employ the same RAT as the RAN 104 / 113 or a different RAT.

[0030] Some or all of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d in the communication system 100 may include multi-mode capabilities (e.g., the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may include multiple transceivers for communicating with different wireless networks via different wireless links). Figure 1A The illustrated WTRU 102c may be configured to communicate with the base station 114a, which may employ a cellular-based radio technology, and with the base station 114b, which may employ an IEEE 802 radio technology.

[0031] Figure 1B is a system diagram illustrating an example WTRU 102. Figure 1B As shown, the WTRU 102 may include, among other things, a processor 118, a transceiver 120, a transmit / receive element 122, a speaker / microphone 124, a keypad 126, a display / touchpad 128, non-removable memory 130, removable memory 132, a power source 134, a global positioning system (GPS) chipset 136, and / or other peripherals 138. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may include any sub-combination of the foregoing elements while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0032] The processor 118 may be a general purpose processor, a special purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors associated with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) circuit, any other type of integrated circuit (IC), a state machine, etc. The processor 118 may perform signal coding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or any other functions that enable the WTRU 102 to operate in a wireless environment. The processor 118 may be coupled to the transceiver 120, which may be coupled to the transmit / receive element 122. Although Figure 1B The processor 118 and the transceiver 120 are depicted as separate components, but it is understood that the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 may be integrated together in an electronic package or chip.

[0033] The transmission / reception element 122 may be configured to transmit signals to or receive signals from a base station (e.g., base station 114a) via an air interface 116. For example, in one embodiment, the transmission / reception element 122 may be an antenna configured to transmit and / or receive RF signals. In one embodiment, the transmission / reception element 122 may be an emitter / detector configured to transmit and / or receive, for example, IR, UV, or visible light signals. In yet another embodiment, the transmission / reception element 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive RF and light signals. It should be understood that the transmission / reception element 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive any combination of wireless signals.

[0034] Although the transmit / receive element 122 Figure 1B 102 as a single element, but the WTRU 102 may include any number of transmit / receive elements 122. More specifically, the WTRU 102 may employ MIMO technology. Thus, in one embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include two or more transmit / receive elements 122 (e.g., multiple antennas) for transmitting and receiving wireless signals over the air interface 116.

[0035] The transceiver 120 may be configured to modulate signals to be transmitted by the transmit / receive element 122 and to demodulate signals received by the transmit / receive element 122. As noted above, the WTRU 102 may have multi-mode capabilities. For example, the transceiver 120 may include multiple transceivers to enable the WTRU 102 to communicate via multiple RATs, such as NR and IEEE 802.11.

[0036] The processor 118 of the WTRU 102 may be coupled to a speaker / microphone 124, a keypad 126, and / or a display / touchpad 128 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) display unit or an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display unit) and may receive user input data therefrom. The processor 118 may also output user data to the speaker / microphone 124, the keypad 126, and / or the display / touchpad 128. In addition, the processor 118 may access information from and store data in any type of suitable memory, such as a non-removable memory 130 and / or a removable memory 132. The non-removable memory 130 may include a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), a hard disk, or any other type of memory storage device. The removable memory 132 may include a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, a memory stick, a secure digital (SD) memory card, and the like. In other embodiments, the processor 118 may access information from and store data in a memory that is not physically located on the WTRU 102, such as on a server or a home computer (not shown).

[0037] The processor 118 may receive power from the power source 134, and may be configured to distribute and / or control power to other components in the WTRU 102. The power source 134 may be any suitable device for powering the WTRU 102. For example, the power source 134 may include one or more dry cell batteries (e.g., nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-zinc (NiZn), nickel-metal hydride (NiMH), lithium-ion (Li-ion), etc.), solar cells, fuel cells, etc.

[0038] The processor 118 may also be coupled to the GPS chipset 136, which may be configured to provide location information (e.g., longitude and latitude) regarding the current location of the WTRU 102. In addition to or in lieu of the information from the GPS chipset 136, the WTRU 102 may receive location information from a base station (e.g., base stations 114a, 114b) over the air interface 116 and / or determine its location based on the timing of signals received from two or more nearby base stations. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may acquire location information by any suitable location-determination method while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0039] The processor 118 may also be coupled to other peripherals 138, which may include one or more software modules and / or hardware modules that provide additional features, functionality, and / or wired or wireless connectivity. For example, the peripherals 138 may include an accelerometer, an electronic compass, a satellite transceiver, a digital camera (for photos and / or video), a universal serial bus (USB) port, a vibration device, a television transceiver, a hands-free headset, module, a frequency modulation (FM) radio unit, a digital music player, a media player, a video game player module, an Internet browser, a virtual reality and / or augmented reality (VR / AR) device, an activity tracker, etc. Peripheral device 138 may include one or more sensors, which may be one or more of the following: a gyroscope, an accelerometer, a Hall effect sensor, a magnetometer, an orientation sensor, a proximity sensor, a temperature sensor, a time sensor; a geolocation sensor; an altimeter, a light sensor, a touch sensor, a magnetometer, a barometer, a gesture sensor, a biometric sensor, and / or a humidity sensor.

[0040] The WTRU 102 may include a full-duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all signals (e.g., associated with specific subframes for both uplink (e.g., for transmission) and downlink (e.g., for reception)) may be concurrent and / or simultaneous. The full-duplex radio may include an interference management unit 139 for reducing and / or substantially eliminating self-interference via signal processing performed by hardware (e.g., a choke) or via a processor (e.g., a separate processor (not shown) or via the processor 118). In an embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include a half-duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all signals (e.g., associated with specific subframes for both uplink (e.g., for transmission) or downlink (e.g., for reception)) may be concurrent and / or simultaneous.

[0041] Figure 1C 1 is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 104 and the CN 106 according to one embodiment. As noted above, the RAN 104 may employ an E-UTRA radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. The RAN 104 may also be in communication with the CN 106.

[0042] The RAN 104 may include evolved Node-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c, though it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 may include any number of evolved Node-Bs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The evolved Node-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. In one embodiment, the evolved Node-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may implement MIMO technology. Thus, the evolved Node-B 160a, for example, may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to and / or receive wireless signals from the WTRU 102a.

[0043] Each of the evolved Node Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, user scheduling in uplink (UL) and / or downlink (DL), etc. Figure 1C As shown, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may communicate with one another via an X2 interface.

[0044] Figure 1C The illustrated CN 106 may include a mobility management entity (MME) 162, a serving gateway (SGW) 164, and a packet data network (PDN) gateway (or PGW) 166. While each of the foregoing elements is depicted as being part of the CN 106, it should be understood that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than a CN operator.

[0045] The MME 162 may be connected to each of the evolved Node-Bs 162a, 162b, 162c in the RAN 104 via an S1 interface and may serve as a control node. For example, the MME 162 may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, bearer activation / deactivation, selecting a particular serving gateway during an initial attach of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, etc. The MME 162 may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as GSM and / or WCDMA.

[0046] The SGW 164 may be connected to each of the evolved Node-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c in the RAN 104 via an S1 interface. The SGW 164 may generally route and forward user data packets to / from the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. The SGW 164 may perform other functions, such as anchoring the user plane during inter-evolved Node-B handovers, triggering paging when DL data is available for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, managing and storing the context of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the like.

[0047] The SGW 164 may be connected to the PGW 166, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.

[0048] The CN 106 may facilitate communications with other networks. For example, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to circuit-switched networks, such as the PSTN 108, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and traditional land-line communications devices. For example, the CN 106 may include, or may be in communication with, an IP gateway (e.g., an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between the CN 106 and the PSTN 108. In addition, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers.

[0049] Although the WTRU Figures 1A to 1D Although described as a wireless terminal, it is contemplated that in certain representative embodiments, such a terminal may (eg, temporarily or permanently) use a wired communications interface with a communications network.

[0050] In a representative embodiment, the other network 112 may be a WLAN.

[0051] A WLAN in infrastructure basic service set (BSS) mode may have an access point (AP) for a BSS and one or more stations (STAs) associated with the AP. The AP may have access or an interface to a distribution system (DS) or another type of wired / wireless network that carries traffic to and / or carries traffic away from the BSS. Traffic originating from outside the BSS and leading to the STA may be reached by the AP and may be delivered to the STA. Traffic originating from the STA and leading to a destination outside the BSS may be sent to the AP to be delivered to the corresponding destination. Traffic between STAs within the BSS may be sent by the AP, for example, wherein the source STA may send traffic to the AP, and the AP may deliver the traffic to the destination STA. Traffic between STAs within the BSS may be considered and / or referred to as point-to-point traffic. Point-to-point traffic may be sent between the source STA and the destination STA (e.g., directly between them) using a direct link setup (DLS). In certain representative embodiments, the DLS may use 802.11e DLS or 802.11z tunnel DLS (TDLS). A WLAN using an independent BSS (IBSS) mode may not have an AP, and STAs (eg, all STAs) within or using the IBSS may communicate directly with each other. The IBSS communication mode may sometimes be referred to herein as an "ad-hoc" communication mode.

[0052] When using the 802.11ac infrastructure operating mode or a similar operating mode, the AP may transmit beacons on a fixed channel, such as a primary channel. The primary channel may be a fixed width (e.g., a 20 MHz wide bandwidth) or a width dynamically set via signaling. The primary channel may be an operating channel of the BSS and may be used by the STA to establish a connection with the AP. In certain representative embodiments, carrier sense multiple access / collision avoidance (CSMA / CA) may be implemented, for example, in an 802.11 system. For CSMA / CA, a STA (e.g., each STA) (including the AP) may listen to the primary channel. If the primary channel is listened / detected and / or determined to be busy by a particular STA, the particular STA may back off. One STA (e.g., only one station) may transmit at any given time in a given BSS.

[0053] High throughput (HT) STAs may communicate using a 40 MHz wide channel, for example, via a combination of a primary 20 MHz channel and adjacent or non-adjacent 20 MHz channels to form a 40 MHz wide channel.

[0054] Very high throughput (VHT) STA can support 20MHz, 40MHz, 80MHz and / or 160MHz wide channels. 40MHz and / or 80MHz channels can be formed by combining continuous 20MHz channels. A 160MHz channel can be formed by combining 8 continuous 20MHz channels, or by combining two non-continuous 80MHz channels (this can be called 80+80 configuration). For the 80+80 configuration, after channel coding, the data can pass through a segment parser that can divide the data into two streams. Each stream can be processed by inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) and time domain processing separately. These streams can be mapped to two 80MHz channels, and data can be transmitted by transmitting STA. At the receiver of the receiving STA, the above-mentioned operation for the 80+80 configuration can be reversed, and the combined data can be sent to the medium access control (MAC).

[0055] 802.11af and 802.11ah support operating modes below 1GHz. Channel operating bandwidths and carriers are reduced in 802.11af and 802.11ah relative to those used in 802.11n and 802.11ac. 802.11af supports 5MHz, 10MHz, and 20MHz bandwidths in the TV White Space (TVWS) spectrum, and 802.11ah supports 1MHz, 2MHz, 4MHz, 8MHz, and 16MHz bandwidths using non-TVWS spectrum. According to a representative embodiment, 802.11ah may support instrument type control / machine type communications, such as MTC devices in macro coverage areas. MTC devices may have certain capabilities, such as limited capabilities, including support for (e.g., only support for) certain bandwidths and / or limited bandwidths. MTC devices may include batteries with battery life above a threshold (e.g., to maintain very long battery life).

[0056] WLAN systems that can support multiple channels and channel bandwidths such as 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11af, and 802.11ah include channels that can be designated as primary channels. The primary channel may have a bandwidth equal to the maximum common operating bandwidth supported by all STAs in the BSS. The bandwidth of the primary channel may be set and / or limited by a STA (which supports the minimum bandwidth operating mode) from all STAs operating in the BSS. In the example of 802.11ah, for STAs (e.g., MTC-type devices) that support (e.g., only support) 1MHz mode, the primary channel may be 1MHz wide, even if the AP and other STAs in the BSS support 2MHz, 4MHz, 8MHz, 16MHz, and / or other channel bandwidth operating modes. Carrier sensing and / or network allocation vector (NAV) settings may depend on the state of the primary channel. If the primary channel is busy, for example, because a STA (supporting only the 1MHz operating mode) is transmitting to the AP, the entire available frequency band may be considered busy even if most of the frequency bands remain idle and may be available.

[0057] In the United States, the available frequency band for 802.11ah is 902MHz to 928MHz. In South Korea, the available frequency band is 917.5MHz to 923.5MHz. In Japan, the available frequency band is 916.5MHz to 927.5MHz. The total bandwidth available for 802.11ah is 6MHz to 26MHz, depending on the country code.

[0058] Figure 1D1 is a system diagram showing the RAN 113 and the CN 115 according to one embodiment. As noted above, the RAN 113 may employ NR radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. The RAN 113 may also be in communication with the CN 115.

[0059] The RAN 113 may include gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c, though it will be appreciated that the RAN 113 may include any number of gNBs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may each include one or more transceivers to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. In one embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement MIMO technology. For example, the gNBs 180a, 180b may utilize beamforming to transmit signals to and / or receive signals from the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c. Thus, the gNB 180a may, for example, use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to and / or receive wireless signals from the WTRU 102a. In one embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement carrier aggregation technology. For example, the gNB 180a may transmit multiple component carriers to the WTRU 102a (not shown). A subset of these component carriers may be on an unlicensed spectrum, while the remaining component carriers may be on a licensed spectrum. In one embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement a coordinated multi-point (CoMP) technique. For example, the WTRU 102a may receive coordinated transmissions from the gNB 180a and the gNB 180b (and / or the gNB 180c).

[0060] The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using transmissions associated with scalable parameter sets. For example, OFDM symbol spacing and / or OFDM subcarrier spacing may vary for different transmissions, different cells, and / or different portions of the wireless transmission spectrum. The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using subframes or transmission time intervals (TTIs) of varying or scalable lengths (e.g., containing different numbers of OFDM symbols and / or continuously varying absolute time lengths).

[0061] The gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be configured to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c in a standalone configuration and / or a non-standalone configuration. In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c while also not accessing other RANs (e.g., such as the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c). In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may use one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c as mobility anchor points. In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using signals in an unlicensed band. In a non-standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate or be connected with the gNB 180a, 180b, 180c while also communicating or being connected with another RAN, such as the evolved Node-B 160a, 160b, 160c. For example, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement the DC principle to communicate with one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c and one or more evolved Node-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c substantially simultaneously. In a non-standalone configuration, the evolved Node-B 160a, 160b, 160c may serve as a mobility anchor for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the gNB 180a, 180b, 180c may provide additional coverage and / or throughput for serving the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c.

[0062] Each of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in uplink (UL) and / or downlink (DL), support of network slicing, dual connectivity, interworking between NR and E-UTRA, routing of user plane data towards a user plane function (UPF) 184a, 184b, routing of control plane information towards an access and mobility management function (AMF) 182a, 182b, etc. As shown in FIG. Figure 1D As shown, gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may communicate with each other via an Xn interface.

[0063] Figure 1DThe illustrated CN 115 may include at least one AMF 182a, 182b, at least one UPF 184a, 184b, at least one session management function (SMF) 183a, 183b, and possibly a data network (DN) 185a, 185b. While each of the foregoing elements is depicted as part of the CN 115, it should be understood that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than a CN operator.

[0064] The AMF 182a, 182b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 113 via the N2 interface and may serve as a control node. For example, the AMF 182a, 182b may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c, support of network slicing (e.g., handling of different PDU sessions with different requirements), selecting a specific SMF 183a, 183b, management of registration areas, termination of NAS signaling, mobility management, etc. The AMF 182a, 182b may use network slicing to customize CN support for the WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c based on the type of services used by the WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c. For example, different network slices may be established for different use cases, such as services relying on ultra-reliable low latency (URLLC) access, services relying on enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) access, services for machine type communication (MTC) access, etc. AMFa 82a, 182b may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 113 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, and / or non-3GPP access technologies, such as WiFi.

[0065] The SMF 183a, 183b may be connected to the AMF 182a, 182b in the CN 115 via the N11 interface. The SMF 183a, 183b may also be connected to the UPF 184a, 184b in the CN 115 via the N4 interface. The SMF 183a, 183b may select and control the UPF 184a, 184b, and configure traffic routing through the UPF 184a, 184b. The SMF 183a, 183b may perform other functions such as managing and allocating UE IP addresses, managing PDU sessions, controlling policy enforcement and QoS, providing downlink data notification, etc. The PDU session type may be IP-based, non-IP-based, Ethernet-based, etc.

[0066] The UPF 184a, 184b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 113 via an N3 interface, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices. The UPF 184, 184b may perform other functions, such as routing and forwarding packets, enforcing user plane policies, supporting multi-homed PDU sessions, handling user plane QoS, buffering downlink packets, providing mobility anchoring, etc.

[0067] The CN 115 may facilitate communications with other networks. For example, the CN 115 may include or may communicate with an IP gateway (e.g., an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between the CN 115 and the PSTN 108. In addition, the CN 115 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. In one embodiment, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be connected to local data networks (DNs) 185a, 185b via UPFs 184a, 184b via an N3 interface to the UPFs 184a, 184b and an N6 interface between the UPFs 184a, 184b and the DNs 185a, 185b.

[0068] Given that Figures 1A to 1D as well as Figures 1A to 1D Corresponding to the description of the present invention, one or more or all of the functions described herein with reference to one or more of the following may be performed by one or more simulation devices (not shown): WTRU102a-102d, base station 114a-114b, evolved Node B 160a-160c, MME 162, SGW 164, PGW 166, gNB 180a-180c, AMF 182a-182b, UPF 184a-184b, SMF 183a-183b, DN 185a-185b and / or any other device described herein. The simulation device may be one or more devices configured to mimic one or more or all of the functions described herein. For example, the simulation device may be used to test other devices and / or simulate network and / or WTRU functions.

[0069] The simulation device may be designed to implement one or more tests of other devices in a laboratory environment and / or an operator network environment. For example, the one or more simulation devices may perform one or more functions or all functions while being fully or partially implemented and / or deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network in order to test other devices within the communication network. The one or more simulation devices may perform one or more functions or all functions while being temporarily implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. The simulation device may be directly coupled to another device for testing purposes and / or may use over-the-air wireless communications to perform testing.

[0070] The one or more simulation devices may perform one or more (including all) functions without being implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. For example, the simulation device may be used in a test scenario in a test lab and / or a non-deployed (e.g., testing) wired and / or wireless communication network to implement testing of one or more components. The one or more simulation devices may be test equipment. Direct RF coupling and / or wireless communication via RF circuits (e.g., which may include one or more antennas) may be used by the simulation device to transmit and / or receive data.

[0071] Throughout the embodiments described herein, the terms "serving base station", "base station", "gNB" (collectively referred to as "network") may be used interchangeably to designate any network element, such as, for example, a network element that acts as a serving base station. The embodiments described herein are not limited to gNBs and are applicable to any other type of serving base station.

[0072] For clarity, satisfied, unsatisfied conditions, and "configuration condition parameters" are described throughout the embodiments described herein as being relative to a threshold (e.g., greater than or less than) (e.g., threshold) value, a configuration (e.g., threshold) value, etc. For example, satisfied conditions may be described as being above a (e.g., threshold) value, while unsatisfied conditions (e.g., performance criteria) may be described as being below a (e.g., threshold) value. The embodiments described herein are not limited to threshold-based conditions. Any variety of other conditions and parameters (such as, for example, falling within or not falling within a range of values) may be applicable to the embodiments described herein.

[0073] Example of network energy saving

[0074] In 3GPP RAN, there may be a new study item on network energy saving for Rel-18 to study enhancements that enable the network to reduce (e.g., minimize) its own power consumption from either transmission or reception. Such reduction (e.g., minimization) may allow for lower operating costs and improved environmental sustainability.

[0075] Compared to earlier systems, the NR design for Rel-15 allows for reduced (e.g., minimized) transmissions from the network when there is no data. For example, the always-on cell-specific reference signal (CRS) is not used in NR. For example, energy consumption (of NR Rel 15) can be further reduced.

[0076] For example, the network may consume energy for processing operations other than transmission, such as, for example, baseband (e.g., digital) processing for reception and / or beamforming. (Even, for example) in dense networks, such "idle" power consumption may not be negligible when no WTRU is being served for a period of time. Turning off these processing operations when not transmitting to the WTRU may allow the network to reduce energy consumption.

[0077] For example, NR may support beamforming with up to sixty-four transmit and receive ports, and energy consumption may increase as the number of utilized ports increases. In implementation, utilizing a large (e.g., maximum, constant) number of ports may not be useful for all WTRUs. Adapting the number of ports to, for example, the number desired by one or more WTRUs may allow for reduced energy consumption in the network.

[0078] In a 3GPP Rel-17 NR based system, in the absence of traffic from the WTRU, the idle power consumption reduction on the network side may remain limited because the network may configure resources for the WTRU such that the network may (e.g., frequently) attempt to receive (e.g., from the WTRU). For example, the network may configure resources for any of a scheduling request (SR), a random access channel (RACH), and a grant (CG) configured for (e.g., each) WTRU, where the periodicity may depend on its latency properties (e.g., expectations). For example, the network may configure periodic sounding reference signal (SRS) and / or channel state information (CSI) resources, e.g., for link adaptation purposes. The network may be expected to attempt reception on these resources and transmit CSI-RS supporting periodic CSI even during periods when the WTRU may not have any data to transmit.

[0079] The embodiments described herein may enable the network to know (eg, determine) when to shut down transmission and / or reception for such resources (or may use a reduced number of antenna ports) and maintain quality of service for the served WTRUs.

[0080] Overview

[0081] Throughout the embodiments described herein, the terms "availability state," "availability level," and "ready state" may be used interchangeably to designate a state within a set of (e.g., discrete) states of a WTRU that represent (e.g., associated with a level of) activity of the WTRU (e.g., desired transmission / reception).

[0082] For example, the WTRU may determine whether it can transmit (or receive) one or more resources based on an availability state that can be indicated by the network (e.g., via transmitted information). In a first availability state, some resources may not be available during one or more time periods, which may enable the network to shut down baseband processing and other related processing operations (e.g., activities). Under one or more conditions, the WTRU may further transmit a request (such as, for example, a wake-up request) to the network to change from the first availability state to a second availability state for which resources that can meet the WTRU's expectations may be available. Such a wake-up request may correspond to a transmission that can be decoded by a low complexity receiver at the gNB, for which energy consumption may be reduced.

[0083] The availability state of the WTRU may imply (e.g., be associated with) the power saving state of the gNB. In one embodiment, the WTRU may determine (e.g., be in) an "availability state" according to one or more of the following examples.

[0084] In one example, the WTRU may determine (e.g., be in) an availability state based on receiving an availability state (e.g., level) indication from any of, for example, a group common physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), a MAC control element (MAC CE), and WTRU-specific downlink control information (DCI). The terms "availability state indication" and "availability level indication" are used interchangeably throughout the embodiments described herein to refer to any transmission indicating that the WTRU may be in an availability state.

[0085] In another example, the WTRU may determine that (eg, is in) an availability state after either receiving a signal indicating a wake-up response and transmitting a signal indicating a "wake-up request."

[0086] In yet another example, the WTRU may determine to be (e.g., be in) a default availability state. For example, the first availability state / second availability state may be valid for a time period after any of the following: (i) receiving any of an availability state indication and a wake-up response signal; and (ii) transmitting a wake-up request signal, upon expiration of which time period, the WTRU may determine to be in the default availability state.

[0087] In yet another example, when it is determined that a period of time has passed after transmitting a wake-up request signal or after receiving an availability status indication, the WTRU may be determined to be (eg, in) a first availability state / a second availability state.

[0088] In one embodiment, the WTRU may determine whether resources are available for transmission / reception of the determined availability state based on one or more of the following examples.

[0089] In one example, the WTRU may determine whether resources are available for transmission / reception of a determined availability state based on whether resources are available for any of a scheduling request (SR), a configured grant, an SRS, a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a physical random access channel (PRACH), etc.

[0090] In another example, the WTRU may determine whether a resource is available for transmission / reception for a determined availability state based on a (e.g., maximum) number of ports associated with the resource. A resource may be characterized by (e.g., associated with) a (e.g., maximum) number of ports (e.g., the available number of ports may depend on the availability state).

[0091] In yet another example, the WTRU may determine whether resources are available for transmission / reception of a determined availability state based on received (e.g., explicit) configuration information indicating any of: the availability of resources for (e.g., each) availability state; a time mask pattern associated with (e.g., each) availability state; and the like.

[0092] In yet another example, the WTRU may determine whether resources are available for transmission / reception of a determined availability state based on the periodicity of the resources.

[0093] In one embodiment, the WTRU may receive information indicating the configuration of resources for one or more "wake-up requests" (WURs) according to one or more of the following examples.

[0094] In one example, the configuration of resources for one or more WURs may include resource attributes such as any of a scrambling code initiator, a set of time opportunities, a frequency span, and a spatial filter.

[0095] In another example, configuration of resources for one or more WURs may include power control configuration.

[0096] In yet another example, configuration of resources for one or more WURs may include any parameters capable of being used in a WUR process (such as, for example, a maximum number of repetitions, an "inhibit" timer, etc.).

[0097] In one embodiment, the WTRU may initiate a "wake-up request" procedure (eg, may transmit a WUR) if one or more of the following conditions occur (eg, are satisfied):

[0098] In one example, the WTRU may transmit a WUR when an SR is triggered and / or no resources are available for an SR with a current availability status (eg, within a latency constraint).

[0099] In another example, the WTRU may transmit a WUR when a buffer status report (BSR) is triggered and / or when no resources are available for transmission of a BSR MAC CE in the current availability state (e.g., within a latency constraint).

[0100] In yet another example, the WTRU may transmit a WUR when no grant is available to transmit data that is available for transmission (eg, taking into account logical channel prioritization (LCP) restrictions) (eg, within a delay threshold).

[0101] In yet another example, if the buffer status satisfies a condition (eg, is above a threshold), the WTRU may transmit a WUR.

[0102] In yet another example, the WTRU may transmit a WUR upon triggering any of mobility and channel related events such as, for example, a radio resource management (RRM) event, bidirectional forwarding detection (BFD).

[0103] In yet another example, the WTRU may transmit a WUR if the channel measurement result meets or does not meet a condition (e.g., is above or below a configured threshold). For example, the channel measurement result that meets or does not meet the condition may include any of the following: (i) a measured received signal strength indicator (RSSI) and / or a reference signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (RS-SINR) is above or below a threshold; (ii) a lack of synchronization signal block (SSB) samples to be measured; and (iii) a primary synchronization signal / secondary synchronization signal (PSS / SSS) cannot be detected.

[0104] In yet another example, according to any of the embodiments described herein, the WTRU may transmit a WUR if an availability signal is detected.

[0105] In yet another example, in case uplink data arrives on a secondary cell group (SCG) bearer, the WTRU may transmit a WUR.

[0106] In yet another example, the WTRU may transmit a WUR upon arrival of data from any of the data resource bearers DRBs and (eg, some) signaling radio bearers (SRBs).

[0107] In yet another example, the WTRU may transmit a WUR upon triggering any of an RRC state change and an RRC procedure (eg, RRC recovery, RRC establishment, RRC re-establishment, etc.).

[0108] In yet another example, upon receiving an RRC message (eg, RRC release), the WTRU may transmit a WUR.

[0109] In yet another example, the WTRU may transmit a WUR in the event of any of: performing a positioning procedure; transmitting information indicating a positioning report; and determining a location that may be within cell coverage, such as a best server.

[0110] In yet another example, in the event of any trigger described herein related to transmitting a wake-up request, the WTRU may transmit a WUR. In one embodiment, the WTRU may select a wake-up request resource (and / or WUR payload) based on one or more of the following information examples.

[0111] In one example, the WTRU may select a wake-up request resource (and / or WUR payload) based on a target availability state. For example, the wake-up request resource may be selected if the wake-up request resource is associated with a target availability state.

[0112] In yet another example, the WTRU may select a wake-up request resource (and / or WUR payload) based on an indication of resources to be used.

[0113] In yet another example, the WTRU may select the wake-up request resources (and / or WUR payload) based on an indication of what triggered the wake-up request (any of SR ID, logical channel ID, logical channel priority, buffer status, etc.).

[0114] In yet another example, the WTRU may select a wake-up request resource (and / or WUR payload) based on the timing of the opportunity for the resource to be used.

[0115] In one embodiment, the WTRU may start a timer.

[0116] In one embodiment, the WTRU may transmit and / or receive on available resources based on the requested availability status. The transmission and / or reception may occur either before any information indicating the availability status is received from the network; and after receiving information indicating (e.g., confirming) the availability status.

[0117] In one embodiment, the WTRU may complete the wake-up request process if one or more of the following conditions occur.

[0118] In a first example, if the WTRU receives information indicating an availability status, the WTRU may complete the wake-up request procedure.

[0119] In another example, in case the WTRU receives (any) unicast PDCCH, the WTRU may complete the wake-up request procedure.

[0120] In yet another example, according to any of the embodiments described herein, the WTRU may complete the wake-up request process if a timer expires.

[0121] In yet another example, the WTRU may complete the wake-up request procedure if a certain (eg, maximum) number of wake-up request transmissions is reached. The WTRU may report this event by transmitting information in any of a DCI, MAC CE, and a radio resource control (RRC) message.

[0122] Figure 2 is a transmission timing diagram illustrating an example of WTRU operation that can achieve network energy conservation. For example, the WTRU may have received first information indicating (i) one or more SR resources and (ii) a set of wake-up request opportunities, where (e.g., each) SR resource may be associated with one or more availability levels (such as, for example, level 0, level 1, etc.). For example, the WTRU may determine that it is at a first availability level (e.g., level 0).

[0123] At time 200, there may be SR resources available for (eg, associated with) either of a first availability level (eg, level 0) and a second availability level (eg, level 1).

[0124] At time 202, the WTRU may determine that the SR can be transmitted using SR resources associated with a second availability level (eg, level 1) of the one or more availability levels.

[0125] At time 204, the WTRU may transmit a first wakeup request using a first wakeup request opportunity in a set of wakeup request opportunities, for example, in the absence of SR resources associated with a second availability level (e.g., level 1). For example, the WTRU may start a timer for monitoring receipt of an availability level indication.

[0126] At time 206, the WTRU may transmit the SR in the SR resources associated with the second availability level.

[0127] At time 208, the WTRU may receive a transmission indicating an availability level indication and may stop the timer. If the timer expires (e.g., if a time period expires after the transmission of the first wake-up request) without receiving an availability level indication, the WTRU may transmit a second wake-up request using a second wake-up occasion in a set of wake-up request occasions, wherein the first wake-up request may be transmitted at a first transmission power and the second wake-up request may be transmitted at a second transmission power that may be higher than the first transmission power.

[0128] Example of determination of availability status

[0129] The WTRU may determine an availability state from among a plurality of availability states based on any of the following examples. For example, there may be two availability states ("on" and "off"), three availability states (e.g., "deep sleep", "micro sleep", "on"), or four availability states (e.g., "off", "deep sleep", "micro sleep", "on"). An availability state may be applicable to (e.g., be associated with) at least one resource, and a resource may be associated with one or more availability states. An availability state may be applicable to (e.g., be associated with) at least one time period, such as any of a time slot and a time symbol. An availability state may be applicable to (e.g., be associated with) any of a serving cell, a cell group, a frequency band, a bandwidth portion, and a frequency range within a bandwidth portion.

[0130] Example of reception of DCI or MAC CE

[0131] In one embodiment, the WTRU may receive information in any of downlink control information (DCI) and a MAC control element (e.g., an indication therefrom) and may determine an availability state based on such information (e.g., an indication). For example, the information (e.g., an indication) may be included in a group common PDCCH. The information (e.g., an indication) may indicate at least one identification of an availability state for at least one time period, such as, for example, any of a symbol, a timeslot, and a frame. For example, the information (e.g., an indication)) may correspond to an index into a table, wherein (e.g., each) entry of the table may indicate a sequence of availability states applicable to a corresponding sequence of time symbols, for example, from the beginning of an upcoming timeslot. The table may be predefined or may be configured based on, for example, an RRC message by receiving configuration information.

[0132] In another example, the information (e.g., indication) may include a MAC CE indicating an index of an availability state. The availability state may be applicable starting from a delay after receiving the MAC CE or from a delay after transmitting a hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgement (HARQ-ACK) of a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) acknowledging the MAC CE. The WTRU may start a timer at this time. The availability state may be applicable until either of the reception (or transmission) of signaling indicating (e.g., triggering) a new availability state, and until the timer expires. At least one of the delay and the timer may be any of: predefined; signaled in the MAC CE; and configured by receiving configuration information (e.g., based on RRC).

[0133] Example of receiving an availability status indication signal

[0134] Throughout the embodiments described herein, the terms "availability status indication," "availability status indication signal," "availability level indication," and "availability level indication signal," "transmission indicating an availability status indication," and "transmission indicating an availability level indication" may be used interchangeably to specify any transmission confirming that the WTRU may be in an availability state (e.g., at an availability level).

[0135] In one embodiment, the WTRU may determine (e.g., be in) an availability state based on detection (e.g., reception) of an availability state indication (ASI) signal. Such a signal may be generated from at least one sequence (such as, for example, any of a Zadoff-Chu, an M sequence, and a gold sequence). The WTRU may attempt to detect such a signal during one or more occasions. Such an occasion may be linked to (e.g., associated with) a SSB (synchronization signal block) transmission time of a serving cell according to a (e.g., defined) timing relationship. Information indicating any of the timing of the ASI signal occasion and the timing relationship of the ASI signal to the SSB may be received by the WTRU (e.g., indicated by a higher layer such as from system information). The WTRU may determine (e.g., be in) an availability state based on at least one attribute of the availability state indication. For example, the at least one attribute may include any of: a parameter used to generate at least one sequence; a time offset; and a frequency offset. The parameters and / or offsets may be any of: predefined; and signaled (e.g., indicated) by a higher layer (e.g., information, signaling), such as system information. The indicated availability status may be applicable until the next (eg, subsequent) ASI signal opportunity.

[0136] Example of transmission of a wake-up request or reception of a wake-up response

[0137] In one embodiment, the WTRU may determine (e.g., be in) an availability state after any of the following: transmitting a wake-up request signal; and receiving a wake-up response signal. The wake-up response signal may be a DL signal (e.g., or a channel) including any of the following: an SSB signal, a reference signal, a measurement resource, a PDCCH transmission, and a PDSCH transmission. In another example, the wake-up response may be indicated by a downlink RRC message. From a delay (which may drop to zero) after transmitting the wake-up request or receiving the wake-up response, the availability state may be applicable. The availability state may be indicated by the wake-up response signal. For example, the WTRU may determine the availability state based on the attributes of the wake-up response signal according to any embodiment described herein for the availability state indication signal.

[0138] Example of higher layer configuration and signaling

[0139] In one embodiment, the WTRU may determine (e.g., be in) an availability state based on receiving a (e.g., higher layer) signaling message (such as, for example, RRC). For example, the WTRU may receive information indicating an initial availability state of a serving cell in an RRC message (such as, for example, any of an RRC connection establishment and an RRC (re)configuration message). Information indicating the (e.g., initial) availability state of a serving cell may be received in a broadcast transmission indicating a broadcast configuration. In another example, for at least one serving cell and bandwidth part, the WTRU may receive information indicating an availability state that applies when the serving cell is activated and / or when switching to a bandwidth part. For example, the WTRU may receive information indicating a switch to an availability state in a portion of a (e.g., RRC) message (such as, for example, any of a DL DCCH message, a DL common control channel (CCCH) message, an RRC release message, an RRC suspend message, and an RRC setup message confirmation).

[0140] Examples of RRC connection states or modes

[0141] For example, the WTRU may determine (e.g., be in) an availability state based on a (e.g., RRC) connection state or mode. For example, the WTRU may determine (e.g., be in) an availability state based on reception of an indication multiplexed portion of a (e.g., RRC) message. The WTRU may be either configured and predefined with a default availability state, which may or may not be specific to (e.g., associated with) a (e.g., a particular RRC) state. For example, the WTRU may autonomously determine an availability state after transitioning to an inactive state.

[0142] Example of default availability status

[0143] In one embodiment, the WTRU may determine (e.g., be in) a default availability state. According to any of the embodiments described herein, after having determined (e.g., be in) an availability state, the WTRU may determine to be in the default availability state after a period of time has elapsed. The WTRU may determine to be in the default availability state in a time interval for which an applicable availability state may not otherwise be determined. For example, in a case where the WTRU does not detect (e.g., receive) signaling information indicating an availability state in a timing of a PDCCH or ASI signal, the WTRU may determine (e.g., be in) a default availability state for a time interval applicable to a PDCCH or ASI signal (such as a time interval between that timing and a subsequent timing).

[0144] Example of determining availability status based on the absence of an ASI signal being received

[0145] The WTRU may monitor the reception of an availability status indication signal (ASI) or channel from a gNB associated with one or more availability states (e.g., on or micro-sleep). For example, the WTRU may be configured with (e.g., may receive configuration information indicating) any of the following: a periodicity associated with an availability indication signal (e.g., per cell); and a monitoring timing pattern for detecting an availability status indication signal of a cell. The availability status indication signal may be a DL signal (e.g., or channel) including any of the following: an SSB signal, a reference signal, a PDCCH transmission, and a PDSCH transmission. For (e.g., per) cell or carrier, the WTRU may be configured with (e.g., may receive configuration information indicating) an association between an SSB (e.g., or other DL signal) and an availability signal of the cell. For example, in the case where the WTRU does not detect (e.g., receives) an availability status indication signal (e.g., any of SSB and CSI-RS) associated with an availability state, the availability state may not be active. For example, in the event that the WTRU does not detect (eg, receives) an availability state indication signal associated with the availability state "on", the availability state may be any one of off, micro-sleep, and deep-sleep.

[0146] In the event that a signal is measured using a quality indicator (such as, for example, either of radio signal received power (RSRP) and signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR)) that does not satisfy a strength condition (e.g., is below a (e.g., configured) threshold), the WTRU may determine that an availability status indication signal or a wake-up response signal is not detected (e.g., received).

[0147] For example, the WTRU may use a counter or detection timer before changing the active availability state or making an availability state determination based on the ASI, whereby the WTRU may (e.g., only) change the availability state if the timer expires or if the WTRU counts the number of consecutive missing samples of the availability state indication signal. For example, the WTRU may determine that it is (e.g., in) the availability state based on the absence of receiving the ASI signal. For example, the absence of receiving the ASI signal may be determined based on the absence of detecting (e.g., not receiving) any ASI for any of a period of time and a certain number of consecutive missing ASI signal samples. For example, the WTRU may be configured with (e.g., receive configuration information indicating) a period for measuring the availability state indication signal samples. In case the determined measurement result within the period satisfies a condition (e.g., is greater than a threshold), the WTRU may stop or (re)start the detection timer or reset the counter. In case the determined measurement result of the availability signal within the period does not satisfy the condition (e.g., is less than a threshold), the WTRU may increment the counter and / or the WTRU may (re)start the detection timer.

[0148] Example of determination of resource availability for availability status

[0149] This document describes how a WTRU may determine what resources are available for a particular (eg, each) state. For example, which resources are available for which state may be based on either explicit configuration information and a time pattern.

[0150] For either the default resources and the additional resources, the WTRU may use one or more of the following techniques to determine whether the resources are available for transmission or reception (eg, given) availability status.

[0151] A resource can correspond to any of the following examples.

[0152] In one example, the resources may correspond to physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resources, e.g., configured for any of: HARQ-ACK (e.g., semi-persistently scheduled HARQ-ACK), scheduling request (SR), link recovery request (LRR), and periodic (e.g., or semi-persistent) CSI.

[0153] In another example, the resources may correspond to physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) resources, eg, configured for configured grant type 1 and / or type 2.

[0154] In yet another example, the resource may correspond to a PRACH resource.For example, any of a PRACH configuration and a PRACH resource subset may be configured to be available (eg, associated with) (eg, only) in a subset of availability states.

[0155] In yet another example, the resource may correspond to an SRS resource.

[0156] In yet another example, the resource may correspond to a CSI-RS resource (eg, configured for any of CSI reporting, beam failure detection or recovery, radio link monitoring, and measurement).

[0157] In yet another example, the resources may correspond to positioning reference signal (PRS) resources.

[0158] In yet another example, the resource may correspond to a PDCCH source and / or an associated coreset.

[0159] In yet another example, the resources may correspond to PDSCH resources (eg, configured for semi-persistent scheduling).

[0160] In yet another example, the resource may correspond to an SSB resource.

[0161] In some embodiments, the WTRU may determine that resources indicated by the DCI (e.g., excluding resources activated by the DCI) are available for any availability state. For example, the WTRU may determine that resources activated by either the DCI and the MAC CE are available for any availability state. For example, a subset of uplink resources (such as, for example, PRACH, PUCCH, or PUSCH) may be activated after successfully receiving a response from the gNB to a wake-up request (such as a DL wake-up signal associated with a wake-up receiver radio at the WTRU). For example, the subset of uplink resources may be activated after transmitting the wake-up signal.

[0162] Example of explicit resource configuration

[0163] In some embodiments, the WTRU may receive configuration information (e.g., in an RRC message) indicating resources available for (e.g., associated with) (e.g., for each possible) availability state. For example, the WTRU may receive configuration information indicating resources available in any availability state. Such resources may be referred to as "minimum resources", and resources available (e.g., only) in a subset of availability states may be referred to as "additional resources". The configuration may correspond to at least one additional information element for (e.g., each) resource, the at least one additional information element indicating at least one state in which the resource is available. In another example, the configuration may correspond to an additional information element indicating, for a particular (e.g., each) state, resources (e.g., additional resources) available for (e.g., associated with) an availability state.

[0164] Example of additional state-specific parameters

[0165] In some embodiments, the WTRU may receive information indicating, for at least one parameter of a resource, a configuration of values ​​that the at least one parameter may take for (e.g., each) availability state. For example, a periodicity parameter may take a first (second) value in a first (second) availability state. In another example, a parameter indicating a number of ports may take a first (second) value in a first (second) availability state.

[0166] Example of time mode

[0167] In some embodiments, the WTRU may receive configuration information (e.g., via any of an RRC and a MAC CE) indicating a set of time intervals, such as a time pattern for (e.g., each) availability state. Such a time pattern may indicate a time interval during which a resource may be available (or unavailable) for an availability state. For example, the time pattern may correspond to a bit sequence (e.g., a bitmap) corresponding to a corresponding sequence of time units, such as any of a time symbol, a time slot, and a frame. In the event that the time pattern indicates that it is (e.g., completely) included (or, e.g., partially included) in the time interval for which the time pattern may indicate availability, the WTRU may determine that a resource (such as a periodically or semi-persistently recurring (e.g., repeating) resource) is available for (e.g., a given) recurring (e.g., repeating) instance.

[0168] In the case of PRACH, the WTRU may receive configuration information indicating a subset of PRACH opportunities to be used for (eg, each) availability state.

[0169] Maximum periodicity

[0170] In some embodiments, where the periodicity of a resource satisfies a condition, e.g., associated with an availability state (e.g., is greater than (or greater than or equal to) a threshold configured for the state), the WTRU may determine that a resource that recurs (e.g., repeats) periodically or, e.g., semi-persistently is available for the availability state. For example, where the threshold for the availability state is 2 time slots (e.g., per time unit), the resource may be available in the availability state if the periodicity of the resource is 2 time slots or more (e.g., per time unit), otherwise unavailable. The condition (e.g., threshold) applicable to a particular state (e.g., associated with the state) may be configured by RRC (e.g., by receiving configuration information indicating the condition), or may be signaled (e.g., indicated) in a MAC CE indicating the availability state.

[0171] Maximum number of antenna ports

[0172] In one embodiment, the WTRU may determine that a resource is available for an availability state if the number of antenna ports associated with or configured for a resource satisfies, for example, a condition associated with an availability state (e.g., is less than (or less than or equal to) a threshold configured for the state). The condition (e.g., threshold) applicable to a particular state (e.g., associated with the state) may be configured by RRC (e.g., by receiving configuration information indicating the condition) or may be signaled (e.g., indicated) in a MAC CE indicating the availability state.

[0173] Example of adaptation of DL resources according to availability status

[0174] Radio Resource Management (RRM) / Radio Link Management (RLM) / Beam Failure Detection (BFD)

[0175] For example, the WTRU may be configured with (eg, receive configuration information indicating) any of different beam failure detection and RLM resources to monitor according to availability status.

[0176] For example, the WTRU may monitor any of the following after transmitting a wake-up request signal or after receiving a wake-up request response: additional RLM, RRM, and BFD resources (e.g., reference signals (RS) or SSB). Transmitting a wake-up request from a (e.g., specific) availability state may imply (e.g., indicate) a request for any of additional RLM, RRM, and BFD resources to be transmitted by the network (NW) and to be monitored by the WTRU.

[0177] SSB / RS

[0178] For example, the WTRU may be configured with (e.g., receives configuration information indicating) different sets of SSBs and / or CSI-RS to monitor per availability state. For example, the WTRU may be configured with (e.g., receives configuration information indicating) different monitoring periodicities per availability state for applicable SSBs and / or CSI-RS. For example, the WTRU may adjust measurement opportunities based on the periodicity of applicable SSBs and / or CSI-RS associated with an active availability state. For example, the WTRU may measure SSB and / or CSI-RS samples (e.g., only) in opportunities applicable to the active availability state. For example, based on the configured SSB and / or CSI-RS periodicity associated with the availability state, the WTRU may skip configured measurement gaps in the active availability state that may not overlap with applicable SSB and / or CSI-RS opportunities.

[0179] PDCCH monitoring

[0180] For example, the WTRU may be configured with (e.g., receive configuration information indicating) different groups of any of a core set, a search space, and a PDCCH opportunity to monitor according to the availability state. Within the configured core set or search space, the WTRU may be configured with (e.g., receive configuration information indicating) a PDCCH opportunity mask that may indicate to the WTRU which subset of PDCCH opportunities to monitor or skip within the configured core set or search space. For example, the WTRU may monitor the PDCCH (e.g., only) in opportunities applicable to an active availability state. The WTRU may skip PDCCH opportunities that may not be transmitted in the active availability state.

[0181] Example of Linkage between WTRU Power Saving States and Availability States

[0182] In one embodiment, the WTRU may be configured or pre-determined with an association between a WTRU power saving state and an availability state. For example, the WTRU may switch its WTRU power saving state to a WTRU power saving state associated with an active availability state. For example, the WTRU may determine an active availability state based on an active WTRU power saving state. For example, the WTRU may determine an active availability state based on a (e.g., signaled) WTRU power saving state (e.g., based on receiving information indicating the WTRU power saving state). For example, the WTRU may apply associated resource and measurement configurations configured for an availability state and / or a WTRU power saving state. The WTRU power saving state may include at least one of the following examples.

[0183] In one example, the WTRU power saving states may include a DRX state (active versus inactive).

[0184] In another example, the WTRU power saving state may include a DRX cycle (long versus short).

[0185] In yet another example, the WTRU power saving state may include primary DRX or secondary DRX.

[0186] In another example, the WTRU power saving state may include an indication of whether the WTRU monitors for a wake-up signal from the network.

[0187] In another example, the WTRU power saving state may be associated with the number of active antenna chains or elements.

[0188] In another example, the WTRU power saving state may include any of the RRM and RLM relaxation states.

[0189] In another example, the WTRU power saving state may include a PDCCH skipping state.

[0190] Example of WUR signal determination

[0191] In some embodiments, the WUR signal may be a sequence (e.g., any of a Zadoff-Chu, an m-sequence, and a gold sequence). For example, a set of sequences may be any of: reserved, configured, and indicated for WUR signals. The WTRU may determine a sequence within a set of sequences for WUR transmission to indicate associated information for the WUR signal, wherein the associated information may include one or more of the following information examples.

[0192] In one example, a sequence in a set of sequences may be associated with a coverage level of the WTRU (e.g., may indicate a coverage level of the WTRU), where the coverage level of the WTRU may be determined based on any of: (1) the WTRU's latest coverage level before the network may have moved to an idle state (e.g., a dormant state); (2) the WTRU's latest coverage level before the WTRU may have moved to an idle state (e.g., an inactive state); and (3) proximity to the gNB (e.g., based on the WTRU location and the gNB location).

[0193] In another example, a sequence in a set of sequences may be associated with a geographic location (e.g., may indicate a geographic location), where the geographic location information may be determined based on any of the following: (1) an identification of a region in which the WTRU may be located (e.g., one or more regions may be configured by the gNB and the WTRU may determine the region (e.g., the identification) based on the WTRU location), where (e.g., each) region may be associated with a sequence; and (2) an absolute WTRU location.

[0194] In yet another example, a sequence in a set of sequences may be associated with (e.g., may be indicative of) a measurement result of a reference signal, where the reference signal may be periodically measured, for example, by a gNB.

[0195] In yet another example, a sequence in a set of sequences may be associated with (eg, may indicate) a WTRU buffer status.

[0196] In yet another example, a sequence in a set of sequences may be associated with (eg, may indicate) a traffic type such as, for example, any of URLLC, enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), and massive machine type communication (mMTC).

[0197] In yet another example, a sequence in a set of sequences may be associated with a WTRU type (such as, for example, any of a low-capability WTRU, a high-capability WTRU) (e.g., may indicate a WTRU type), and the WTRU type may be determined based on any of the following: number of Rx antennas, supported bandwidth, power class, etc.

[0198] In yet another example, a sequence in a set of sequences may be associated with (eg, may indicate) an expected (minimum) bandwidth.

[0199] In yet another example, a sequence in a set of sequences may be associated with (eg, may indicate) a determined SSB index (or, eg, preferred beam information).

[0200] In some embodiments, the WUR signal may be a UL signal (such as, for example, any of a PRACH, a PUCCH, an SRS, a demodulation reference signal (DMRS)). For example, a set of UL signal resources may be any of: reserved, configured, and used for (e.g., transmitting) a WUR signal indication. For example, the WTRU may determine a UL signal resource for WUR transmission within a set of UL signal resources to indicate associated information for the WUR signal.

[0201] Example of a WUR signal based on coverage level

[0202] In some embodiments, a WUR signal may be defined, designed, or configured based on the coverage level of the WTRU. For example, the coverage level of the WUR signal may be determined based on one or more of the following examples.

[0203] In one example, the WUR signal may be determined based on a waveform (e.g., a first waveform may be used when the WTRU is within a first coverage level, and a second waveform may be used when the WTRU is within a second coverage level, and the first waveform may be based on cyclic prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM) and the second waveform may be based on discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM)).

[0204] In another example, the WUR signal may be determined based on the number of repetitions (eg, a larger number of repetitions may be used for the WUR in situations where the WTRU is in a poor coverage level).

[0205] In yet another example, a WUR signal may be determined based on a sequence length (e.g., a first sequence length may be used for the WUR when the WTRU is within a first coverage level, and a second sequence length may be used for the WUR when the WTRU is within a second coverage level, wherein the first sequence length may be longer than the second sequence length when the first coverage level is worse than the second coverage level).

[0206] In yet another example, the WUR signal may be determined based on the sequence type.

[0207] In yet another example, the WUR signal may be determined based on the number of tones (eg, subcarriers) used for the WUR.

[0208] In yet another example, the WUR signal may be determined based on the subcarrier spacing used for the WUR (eg, a smaller subcarrier spacing may be used in situations where the WTRU is in a poorer (eg, lower) coverage level).

[0209] Example of gNB response to WUR signal

[0210] In some embodiments, the WTRU may expect to receive a gNB response after sending the WUR signal, where the gNB response may include one or more of the following examples.

[0211] In one example, the gNB response may include an SSB (e.g., an SSB associated with a WUR signal).

[0212] In another example, the gNB response may include information indicating the PDCCH (or search space) associated with the WUR signal.

[0213] In yet another example, the gNB response may include a reference signal associated with the WUR signal (such as, for example, either of a tracking reference signal (TRS) and a CSI-RS).

[0214] For example, in the event that no gNB response is detected (e.g., received) within a time window after sending the WUR signal, the WTRU may perform one or more of the following operation examples.

[0215] In one operational example, in the event that a time period after transmission of a WUR expires without receiving a gNB response, the WTRU may increase the transmission power of the WUR signal (e.g., by increasing the transmission power via an offset).

[0216] In another operational example, the WTRU may increase the coverage level of a wake-up request signal (WUR).

[0217] In yet another operational example, the WTRU may change the WUR type.

[0218] In yet another operational example, the WTRU may determine that the serving cell may be out of coverage and may perform an initial cell search.

[0219] Wake-up request resource configuration

[0220] In some embodiments, the WTRU may receive configuration information indicating one or more wake-up request (WUR) resources. The configuration information may include (e.g., indicate) any of the following: (i) parameters for initializing at least one sequence; (ii) parameters for determining a set of (e.g., possible) time opportunities; (iii) frequency domain information; and (iv) spatial filter (beam) information. The configuration information may, for example, include (e.g., indicate) parameters that can be used in the WUR process, such as, for example, any of the following: a (e.g., maximum) number of repetitions; a value for a "prohibit" timer; and a value (e.g., time period) of a timer for transitioning back to a default availability state.

[0221] WUR resource (eg, indicated in configuration information) configuration information may depend on or be selected based on one or more of the following examples.

[0222] In a first example, a WUR resource may be associated with one or more availability states and may be selected based on the availability state requested by the WTRU.

[0223] In another example, a WUR resource may be associated with a scheduling request.

[0224] In yet another example, the WUR resources may be selected depending on or based on any of the following: a logical channel identity on which data may be transmitted (eg, an SR may be transmitted) and a logical channel priority.

[0225] In yet another example, WUR resources may be selected depending on or based on the amount of data available for transmission.

[0226] In yet another example, WUR resources may be dependent on or selected based on a trigger type, such as any trigger described herein.

[0227] In yet another example, WUR resources may be selected depending on or based on coverage levels as described textually.

[0228] In some embodiments, where the WUR includes a set of modulation symbols, any of the parameters described above may be encoded and mapped to (eg, associated with) a modulation symbol.

[0229] For example, the WTRU may receive configuration information indicating power control parameters applicable to the WTRU. For example, such parameters may include any of: an offset P0 to the estimated path loss; and an α parameter.

[0230] This article describes the wake-up request trigger and process.

[0231] Wake-up request trigger and process

[0232] This article describes the wake-up request trigger and process.

[0233] Example of conditions for transmitting a wake-up request

[0234] The WTRU may transmit a wake-up request signal (eg, trigger transmission of a wake-up request signal) if one or more of the following conditional examples are met.

[0235] In one example, the WTRU may transmit a wake-up request signal (e.g., trigger transmission of a wake-up request signal) when new data (e.g., from any of a data resource bearer (DRB), an SRB, a logical channel (LCH), and a subset of a logical channel group (LCG), which may be associated with any of a priority level and an index) arrives.

[0236] In another example, the WTRU may transmit a wake-up request signal (e.g., trigger transmission of a wake-up request signal) in the event that a transmission is to be made on associated uplink resources (e.g., the WTRU may trigger a wake-up request in the event that a transport block (TB) is capable of being transmitted on a subset of associated resources (e.g., any of PUSCH, PUCCH, and PRACH resources)).

[0237] In yet another example, the WTRU may transmit a wake-up request signal (e.g., trigger transmission of a wake-up request signal) if the amount of buffered data satisfies a condition (e.g., is above a threshold). For example, if the amount of buffered data is above a configured or predefined threshold (e.g., a subset from any one of a DRB, LCH, and LCG), the WTRU may trigger a wake-up request.

[0238] In yet another example, in case any of a buffer status report (BSR) and an SR is triggered (e.g., determined to be transmitted), the WTRU may transmit a wake-up request signal (e.g., trigger transmission of the wake-up request signal). For example, in case a new BSR and / or a new SR is triggered, for example, if the new SR is for (e.g., associated with) a specific SR configuration (such as, for example, a specific SR resource), the WTRU may trigger a wake-up request.

[0239] In yet another example, the WTRU may transmit a wake-up request signal (e.g., trigger transmission of a wake-up request signal) when any of uplink control information (UCI) and data is available for transmission (e.g., the WTRU may trigger a wake-up request when new UCI is to be transmitted based on any of: (i) UCI ​​type (e.g., any of HARQ ACK, CSI, and precoding matrix indicator (PMI)); (ii) priority associated with the UCI; and (iii) any of LCH and DRB associated with the UCI).

[0240] In yet another example, the WTRU may transmit a wake-up request signal (eg, triggering transmission of a wake-up request signal) upon detection of a beam failure and / or a radio link monitoring (RLM) event.

[0241] In yet another example, the WTRU may transmit a wake-up request signal (e.g., trigger transmission of a wake-up request signal) in the event that the channel condition is measured using a quality that satisfies or does not satisfy a condition (e.g., is above or below a (e.g., configured) threshold). The channel condition may include, for example, any condition related to the state of the radio / channel, which may be determined by the WTRU based on any of the following: (1) WTRU measurement results (e.g., any of the following: (i) L1 / SINR / RSRP; (ii) channel quality information / modulation and coding scheme (CQI / MCS); (iii) channel occupancy; (iv) received signal strength indicator (RSSI); (v) power headroom and / or exposure headroom); (2) L3 / mobility-based measurement results (e.g., RSRP and / or reference signal received quality (RSRQ)); (3) RLM state; and (4) channel availability in unlicensed spectrum (e.g., whether the channel is occupied based on a determination of a listen-before-talk (LBT) process and / or whether the channel is deemed to have experienced (e.g., consistent, persistent) LBT failure).

[0242] In yet another example, the WTRU may transmit a wake-up request signal (eg, triggering transmission of a wake-up request signal) upon triggering an L3 or mobility event.

[0243] In yet another example, the WTRU may transmit a wake-up request signal (eg, trigger transmission of a wake-up request signal) in the event that a (eg, consistent, persistent) ULLBT failure is detected on the serving cell and / or active BWP.

[0244] In yet another example, in the event that the WTRU autonomously switches the BWP (eg, when a BWP switching timer expires and / or the BWP switches due to initiation of a RACH), the WTRU may transmit a wake-up request signal (eg, trigger transmission of a wake-up request signal).

[0245] In yet another example, the WTRU may transmit a wake-up request signal (e.g., trigger transmission of a wake-up request signal) upon entering any of a (e.g., specific) discontinuous reception (DRX) state, cyclic, and power saving modes (e.g., including short and / or long connected mode DRX).

[0246] In yet another example, the WTRU may transmit a wake-up request signal (e.g., triggering transmission of a wake-up request signal) in the event of triggering either a tracking area update and a RAN paging area update (e.g., when moving to a cell outside of a serving RAN paging area that may not have a WTRU context).

[0247] Example of the process of transitioning between availability states and wakeup request retransmissions

[0248] In some embodiments, the WTRU may start a timer (e.g., an "inhibit" timer) when transmitting a wake-up request after transitioning to an availability state. For example, the WTRU may transition to an availability state associated with the wake-up request when (e.g., after) transmitting the wake-up request. In another example, the WTRU may transition to an availability state associated with the wake-up request (e.g., only) after receiving a response from the gNB, which may be any of the following: a PDCCH transmission; a PDSCH transmission; and reception of any of a control signal and a control element. The WTRU may stop the timer in the event of any of the following: receiving an availability state indication and a response to the wake-up request from the gNB. The WTRU may stop the timer when (e.g., after) receiving a downlink signal from the gNB.

[0249] In some embodiments, the WTRU may transition to a default configured availability state after expiration of the "prohibit" timer, or to a state that was active before transmitting the wake-up request. The WTRU may change its (e.g., RRC) state (e.g., to any of an inactive mode and an idle mode) after expiration of the "prohibit" timer. For example, the WTRU may transmit another (or second) wake-up request after expiration of the timer, or retransmit the wake-up request, for example using modified transmission parameters, including any of transmission power, timing advance, and spatial filter. For example, the WTRU may set the value of the "prohibit" timer to a random backoff, whereby a random value may be selected between zero and (e.g., the configured maximum) timer value. The WTRU may retransmit the wake-up request on the supplemental uplink (SUL) after expiration of the "prohibit" timer and / or after a configured number of attempts. For example, the WTRU may transmit a wake-up request associated with any of different availability states, different transmission / reception points (TRPs), and different carriers after any of the following: (i) no response to the wake-up request is received from the network; (ii) expiration of the "prohibit" timer; and (iii) transmission of a configured number of wake-up request attempts.

[0250] For example, the WTRU may be configured with (e.g., receives configuration information indicating) a (e.g., maximum) number of wake-up request transmissions allowed. For example, the WTRU may maintain a counter that the WTRU may increment (e.g., by 1) after transmitting a wake-up request. For example, the WTRU may transmit multiple wake-up request signals up to a value configured for the (e.g., maximum) number of wake-up request transmissions allowed. For example, the WTRU may reset the counter upon receiving a response to the wake-up request from the gNB. Upon reaching the (e.g., maximum) number of wake-up request transmissions allowed, the WTRU may any of the following: (i) transition to a default configured availability state for the cell; (ii) transmit a wake-up request signal on a different serving cell and / or TRP; and (iii) change its (e.g., RRC) state.

[0251] Example of monitoring and selecting resources by availability status

[0252] For example, the WTRU may activate or deactivate beam failure detection and / or RLM depending on the active availability state. The WTRU may be configured (e.g., may receive configuration information indicating) whether to use RLM and / or bidirectional forwarding detection (BFD) according to the availability state. After switching to the availability state, the WTRU may monitor the BFD and / or RLM signals if the BFD and / or RLM signals are configured for (e.g., associated with) the availability state.

[0253] For example, the WTRU may be configured with (e.g., may receive configuration information indicating) different beam failure detection and / or RLM resources to monitor according to the availability state. For example, BFD and / or RLM resources may be associated with one or more availability states. Depending on the active availability state, the WTRU may use different values ​​for either of the BFD timer and the BFD threshold. Depending on the active network availability state, the WTRU may apply different values ​​for either of the RLM timer and the count threshold. In the event that the network (and / or WTRU) is in an "off" or "deep sleep" availability state, the WTRU may suspend BFD and / or RLM.

[0254] In some embodiments, the WTRU may be configured or predefined to initiate a cell reselection or SI acquisition procedure after switching to an availability state. For example, the WTRU may also perform any of a cell search, an initial access, and a mobility procedure. For example, the WTRU may be configured (e.g., receive configuration information indicating) whether the WTRU may perform cell reselection according to the availability state. For example, in the event that the WTRU determines that the serving cell may have transitioned to an availability state, the WTRU may be configured with (e.g., receive configuration information indicating) an alternative serving cell that can be used by the WTRU in the availability state. For example, the WTRU may initiate a random access procedure to connect to an alternative serving cell.

[0255] In some embodiments, the WTRU may activate or deactivate one or more carriers and / or bandwidth parts (BWPs) on a serving cell based on an active availability state. For example, in the event that the WTRU determines a transition to an availability state, the WTRU may be configured (e.g., receiving configuration information indicating the same) with a subset of carriers and / or BWPs that the WTRU may deactivate based on the availability state. For example, in the event that the WTRU determines a transition from an availability state to a different availability state, the WTRU may reactivate those carriers and / or BWPs. The same may be configured based on the active carriers. For example, the WTRU may monitor availability signals for availability states based on active component carriers and / or BWPs.

[0256] In some embodiments, in the event that the WTRU does not receive an availability signal before the uplink resources, a subset of the uplink resources of the serving cell (e.g., any of RACH, PUSCH, and PUCCH) may not be used by the WTRU. For example, in the event that no availability signal is detected, all uplink resources may not be available for transmission by the WTRU before the next availability signal opportunity. For example, the WTRU may start a timer based on not detecting an availability signal in an availability signal opportunity, and while such timer is running (e.g., during a time period corresponding to the timer), the WTRU may not use any uplink resources. For example, the WTRU may transition in a C-DRX state (e.g., short DRX or long DRX) based on not detecting an availability signal.

[0257] For example, the WTRU may be configured with resource configurations that may be used according to an active availability state (e.g., may receive configuration information indicating resources), including, for example, any of uplink resources, measurement resources, downlink data resources, and control resources. The WTRU may, for example, activate or deactivate pre-configured resources (e.g., any of RACH, PDCCH, PUCCH, PUSCH, CG, and DL semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) resources) based on the active availability state. The WTRU may, for example, not use (for uplink) or not monitor (for downlink) resources that may be deactivated based on a transition to an availability state that may not be associated with them.

[0258] In some embodiments, the WTRU may be configured to transmit a wake-up request signal on either a normal uplink (NUL) and a supplemental uplink (SUL). For example, in a case where a channel measurement result (e.g., RSRP) fails to satisfy a condition (e.g., is less than a (e.g., configured) threshold), the WTRU may transmit a wake-up request signal on the SUL. The WTRU may transmit a wake-up request signal on the SUL, for example, in a subset of availability states. For example, in a case where the WTRU does not detect an availability indication signal, the WTRU may transmit a wake-up signal on the SUL. For example, UL resources on the SUL may be active (e.g., only) in a subset of (e.g., configured) availability states.

[0259] In some embodiments, for a DRB configured with either carrier aggregation (CA) and DC replication, the WTRU may (e.g., autonomously) deactivate replication if at least one of the branches associated with the replicated DRB changes availability state (e.g., is turned off or is in sleep mode). For example, the WTRU may (e.g., only) apply replication in a subset of availability states, which may be configured by RRC (e.g., by receiving configuration information). For example, the WTRU may perform DC replication if the master node (MN) and the secondary node (SN) are in the same availability state (e.g., "on").

[0260] In some embodiments, for split bearers, the WTRU may transmit data to (e.g., two) gNBs (e.g., only) in a subset of availability states, which may be configured by RRC (e.g., by receiving configuration information). For example, in the case where the MN and SN are in the same availability state (e.g., "ON"), the WTRU may (e.g., only) perform regular Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) split bearer operations.

[0261] Example of wake-up request in RRC Inactivity and Idle

[0262] In some embodiments, the WTRU may be configured to (e.g., autonomously) switch to a specific (e.g., RRC) state (such as, for example, any of (e.g., RRC) idle and inactive) in the event that the availability state is active or no longer active. For example, the WTRU may switch to any of the (e.g., RRC) inactive and idle states based on determining that the availability state is "off".

[0263] For example, the WTRU may be configured with (e.g., receive configuration information indicating) a subset of physical random access channel (PRACH) and / or PUCCH resources (e.g., RACH opportunities) that may be used when the WTRU may be in an availability state (e.g., any of off and deep sleep). In the event that the applicable availability state is active, the WTRU may not use other RACH opportunities.

[0264] In some embodiments, the WTRU may receive (e.g., consider) a preamble transmission as a wake-up request signal while the WTRU is in a specific (e.g., RRC) state (such as, for example, any of the (e.g., RRC) idle and inactive states). For example, the WTRU may initiate a RA procedure based on transmitting (e.g., triggering) a wake-up request (e.g., if conditions for transmitting the wake-up request are met). For example, the WTRU may initiate a new RA procedure upon arrival of data while in an applicable availability state (e.g., "off" or "deep sleep").

[0265] Figure 3 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method 300 for network energy saving. For example, the method may be implemented in a WTRU. At step 310, the WTRU may determine an availability state based on any one of a DCI, a MAC CE, and a signal. At step 320, the WTRU may determine whether a resource is available based on the availability state. At step 330, the WTRU may transmit a wake-up request signal in response to determining that the resource may not be available. At step 340, the WTRU may switch to an availability state in which the resource is available in response to determining that the resource may not be available.

[0266] For example, the WTRU may start a timer when switching to an availability state where resources are available.

[0267] For example, the WTRU may return to an availability state in response to expiration of a timer where resources may not be available and may transmit another wake-up request signal at a higher power than another power at which the wake-up request signal may have been previously transmitted.

[0268] For example, the WTRU may determine that the WTRU may have transmitted a maximum number of allowed wake-up request signals, and may perform the following actions in response to determining that the WTRU may have transmitted the maximum number of allowed wake-up request signals: (i) the WTRU may transition to an availability state of a default configuration for the current serving cell; (ii) the WTRU may transmit a wake-up request signal on a different serving cell; and (iii) the WTRU may change the radio resource control (RRC) state of the WTRU.

[0269] For example, the WTRU may receive an indication of an availability status that a resource is available, and the WTRU may stop a timer in response to receiving the indication.

[0270] For example, the WTRU may be configured with an association between a WTRU power saving state and an availability state where resources are available.The method may further include switching, by the WTRU in response to determining that resources may not be available to the WTRU power saving state associated with the availability state where resources are available.

[0271] For example, the WTRU may be configured with different resources to monitor according to the availability status.The method may further include monitoring, by the WTRU in response to determining that the resource may not be available, the resource associated with the availability status that the resource is available.

[0272] Figure 44 is a diagram illustrating another example of a method 400 for network energy conservation. For example, the method 400 may be implemented in a WTRU. At step 410, the WTRU may receive first information indicating (i) one or more SR resources and (ii) a set of wake-up request occasions, wherein each SR resource is associated with one or more availability levels. At step 420, the WTRU may determine that the WTRU may be at a first availability level. At step 430, the WTRU may transmit a first wake-up request using a first wake-up request occasion in the set of wake-up request occasions, wherein the first wake-up request may be transmitted based on: determining that the SR may be transmitted using an SR resource associated with a second availability level in the one or more availability levels. At step 440, the WTRU may transmit the SR in the SR resource associated with the second availability level. At step 450, in the event that a time period after the transmission of the first wake-up request expires without receiving an availability level indication, the WTRU may transmit a second wake-up request using a second wake-up request occasion in the set of wake-up request occasions, wherein the first wake-up request may be transmitted at a first transmission power, and the second wake-up request may be transmitted at a second transmission power that may be higher than the first transmission power.

[0273] For example, the first wake request opportunity may be selected based on a determination that the first wake request opportunity may be associated with the second availability level.

[0274] For example, a determination may be made that the WTRU is at a first availability level based on receiving a transmission indicating the first availability level.

[0275] For example, the transmission may include a DCI indicating a first availability level.

[0276] For example, the transmission may include a MAC CE indicating a first availability level.

[0277] For example, the first availability level may be applicable after receiving a MAC CE indicating the first availability level or after confirming the transmission carrying the MAC CE.

[0278] For example, the transmission may include a signal generated from at least one sequence, wherein the first availability level may be determined based on at least one property of the at least one sequence.

[0279] For example, the at least one property may include any of: a parameter used to generate at least one sequence; a time offset; and a frequency offset.

[0280] For example, the transmission may include an RRC message indicating the first availability level.

[0281] For example, the WTRU may be determined to be at a first availability level based on determining that a period of time has passed without receiving any transmission indicating any availability level after determining that the WTRU may be at a third availability level.

[0282] For example, the SR resource may be associated with a periodicity, wherein if the periodicity satisfies a condition associated with the second availability level, the SR resource may be associated with the second availability level.

[0283] For example, the condition associated with the second availability level may be satisfied if the periodicity associated with the SR resource is greater than or equal to a threshold associated with the second availability level.

[0284] For example, the SR resources may be associated with the number of antenna ports, wherein if the number of antenna ports satisfies a condition associated with the second availability level, the SR resources may be associated with the second availability level.

[0285] For example, if the number of antenna ports associated with the SR resources is less than or equal to a threshold associated with the second availability level, the condition associated with the second availability level may be satisfied.

[0286] For example, the first information may further indicate a condition associated with the second availability level.

[0287] For example, a first availability level and a second availability level may be associated with a first power saving state and a second power saving state of the WTRU, respectively.

[0288] For example, determining to use the SR resources associated with the second availability level to transmit the SR may be based on any of: a logical channel over which the SR may be transmitted and a priority of the logical channel.

[0289] For example, the method may further include determining a sequence for the first wake-up request and the second wake-up request within a set of sequences, wherein the sequence may be associated with any of the following: (i) coverage level; (ii) geographic location; (iii) measurement results of reference signals; (iv) buffer status; (v) service type; (vi) logical channel or priority of logical channel on which SR can be transmitted; (vii) WTRU type; (viii) requested bandwidth; and (ix) beam information.

[0290] For example, the first information may further indicate a parameter for initializing at least one sequence in the set of sequences.

[0291] For example, the method may further include initiating cell reselection utilizing an alternate serving cell that may be associated with the second availability level.

[0292] For example, the first information may indicate an alternative serving cell to be used at the second availability level.

[0293] Throughout the embodiments described herein, (e.g., configuration) information may be described as being received by the WTRU from the network, for example, through system information or via any kind of protocol message. Although not explicitly mentioned in the embodiments described herein, the same (e.g., configuration) information may be pre-configured in the WTRU (e.g., via any kind of pre-configuration method, such as via factory settings) so that the (e.g., configuration) information can be used by the WTRU without being received from the network.

[0294] Any features, variants, or embodiments described with respect to the method are compatible with: an apparatus including means for processing the disclosed method, an apparatus including circuits configured to process the disclosed method (including any of a transmitter, a receiver, a processor, and a memory), a computer program product including program code instructions, and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing the program instructions.

[0295] Although features and elements are provided above in specific combinations, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that each feature or element may be used alone or in any combination with other features and elements. The present disclosure is not limited to the specific embodiments described in this patent application, which are intended to be examples of various aspects. Many modifications and variations can be made without departing from the essence and scope of the present invention, as they will be obvious to those skilled in the art. Unless explicitly provided as such, any element, action or description used in the present application specification should not be understood as being essential or necessary to the present invention. According to the foregoing description, in addition to those listed herein, functionally equivalent methods and devices within the scope of the present disclosure will be obvious to those skilled in the art. Such modifications and variations are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims. The present disclosure is limited only to the terms of the appended claims and the full range of equivalent forms of such entitled claims. It should be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to a specific method or system.

[0296] For simplicity, the foregoing embodiments are discussed with respect to terminology and structure of infrared capable devices (i.e., infrared transmitters and receivers). However, the embodiments discussed are not limited to these systems, but may be applied to other systems using other forms of electromagnetic waves or non-electromagnetic waves (such as sound waves).

[0297] It should also be understood that the terms used herein are used only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the term "video" or the term "image" may mean any of a snapshot, a single image, and / or a plurality of images displayed on a time basis. For example, when referred to herein, the term "user equipment" and its abbreviation "UE", the term "remote" and / or the term "head-mounted display" or its abbreviation "HMD" may mean or include (i) a wireless transmit and / or receive unit (WTRU); (ii) any of a plurality of embodiments of the WTRU; (iii) a wireless and / or wired (e.g., tetherable) device configured with (in particular) some or all of the structure and functionality of the WTRU; (iii) a wireless and / or wired device configured with less than all of the structure and functionality of the WTRU; or (iv), etc. This document is relative to Figures 1A to 1D Details of an exemplary WTRU are provided that may represent any WTRU described herein. As another example, various disclosed embodiments herein above and below are described as utilizing a head mounted display. Those skilled in the art will recognize that devices other than head mounted displays may be utilized, and some or all of the present disclosure and various disclosed embodiments may be modified accordingly without undue experimentation. Examples of such other devices may include drones or other devices configured to stream information to provide an adapted reality experience.

[0298] In addition, the methods provided herein may be implemented in a computer program, software, or firmware incorporated into a computer-readable medium for execution by a computer or processor. Examples of computer-readable media include electronic signals (transmitted via a wired connection or a wireless connection) and computer-readable storage media. Examples of computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), registers, cache memory, semiconductor memory devices, magnetic media (such as built-in hard disks and removable disks), magneto-optical media, and optical media (such as CD-ROM disks and digital versatile disks (DVDs)). A processor associated with the software may be used to implement a radio frequency transceiver for a WTRU, UE, terminal, base station, RNC, MME, EPC, AMF, or any host computer.

[0299] Variations of the methods, devices, and systems provided above are possible without departing from the scope of the present invention. In view of the various embodiments that may be applied, it should be understood that the illustrated embodiments are merely examples and should not be considered to limit the scope of the following claims. For example, the embodiments provided herein include handheld devices that may include or be used with any suitable voltage source (such as a battery, etc.) that provides any suitable voltage.

[0300] In addition, in the embodiments provided above, processing platforms, computing systems, controllers and other devices including processors are indicated. These devices may include at least one central processing unit ("CPU") and memory. According to the practice of those skilled in the art of computer programming, references to the symbolic representations of actions and operations or instructions may be performed by various CPUs and memories. Such actions and operations or instructions may be referred to as being "executed", "computer executed" or "CPU executed".

[0301] Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the actions and symbolic representations of operations or instructions include manipulation of electrical signals by the CPU. The electrical system represents data bits, which may result in the ultimate transformation of electrical signals or reduction of electrical signals and the retention of data bits at memory locations in the memory system, thereby reconfiguring or otherwise changing the operation of the CPU and performing other processing of signals. The memory location that holds the data bits is a physical location that has specific electrical, magnetic, optical, or organic properties that correspond to or represent the data bits. It should be understood that the embodiments are not limited to the above-mentioned platforms or CPUs, and other platforms and CPUs may also support the provided methods.

[0302] The data bits may also be maintained on computer-readable media, including magnetic disks, optical disks, and any other volatile (e.g., random access memory ("RAM")) or non-volatile (e.g., read-only memory ("ROM")) mass storage system readable by the CPU. The computer-readable media may include cooperating or interconnected computer-readable media that reside solely on the processing system or distributed across multiple interconnected processing systems that may be local or remote relative to the processing system. It should be understood that the embodiments are not limited to the above-mentioned memories, and other platforms and memories may also support the provided methods.

[0303] In an exemplary embodiment, any of the operations, processes, etc. described herein may be implemented as computer-readable instructions stored on a computer-readable medium. The computer-readable instructions may be executed by a processor of a mobile unit, a network element, and / or any other computing device.

[0304] There is little difference between hardware implementation and software implementation of various aspects of the system. The use of hardware or software is usually (but not always, because in some contexts, the choice between hardware and software may become important) a design choice that represents a trade-off between cost and efficiency. There may be various media (e.g., hardware, software, and / or firmware) that can implement the processes and / or systems and / or other technologies described herein, and the preferred media may vary with the context of the deployment process and / or system and / or other technologies. For example, if the implementer determines that speed and accuracy are most important, the implementer may choose a media that is primarily hardware and / or firmware. If flexibility is most important, the implementer may choose a specific implementation that is primarily software. Alternatively, the implementer may choose some combination of hardware, software, and / or firmware.

[0305] The above detailed description has listed various embodiments of the device and / or process by using block diagrams, flow charts and / or examples. In the case where such block diagrams, flow charts and / or examples include one or more functions and / or operations, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that each function and / or operation within such block diagrams, flow charts or examples can be implemented individually and / or collectively by a wide range of hardware, software, firmware or almost any combination thereof. In an embodiment, several parts of the subject matter described herein can be implemented via application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), digital signal processors (DSPs) and / or other integrated formats. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that some aspects of the embodiments disclosed herein can be equivalently implemented in integrated circuits as a whole or in part as one or more computer programs running on one or more computers (e.g., one or more programs running on one or more computer systems), one or more programs running on one or more processors (e.g., one or more programs running on one or more microprocessors), firmware or almost any combination thereof, and according to the present disclosure, designing circuits and / or writing software and / or firmware codes will be completely within the technical scope of those skilled in the art. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the mechanisms of the subject matter described herein can be distributed as a program product in a variety of forms, and that the illustrative embodiments of the subject matter described herein apply regardless of the specific type of signal-bearing medium used to actually perform the distribution. Examples of signal-bearing media include, but are not limited to, the following: recordable type media (such as floppy disks, hard drives, CDs, DVDs, digital tapes, computer memory, etc.); and transmission type media (such as digital and / or analog communication media (e.g., fiber optic cables, waveguides, wired communication links, wireless communication links, etc.)).

[0306] Those skilled in the art will recognize that it is common in the art to describe devices and / or processes in the manner set forth herein, and thereafter use engineering practices to integrate such described devices and / or processes into a data processing system. That is, at least a portion of the devices and / or processes described herein can be integrated into a data processing system via a reasonable amount of experimentation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that a typical data processing system generally may include one or more of the following: a system unit housing; a video display device; a memory, such as a volatile memory and a non-volatile memory; a processor, such as a microprocessor and a digital signal processor; a computing entity, such as an operating system, a driver, a graphical user interface, and an application; one or more interactive devices, such as a touch pad or a screen; and / or a control system, including a feedback loop and a control motor (e.g., a feedback for sensing position and / or velocity, a control motor for moving and / or adjusting components and / or quantities). A typical data processing system may be implemented using any suitable commercially available components, such as those typically found in data computing / communication and / or network computing / communication systems.

[0307] The subject matter described herein sometimes shows different parts included in or connected to different other parts.It should be understood that such depicted architectures are only examples, and in fact many other architectures that achieve the same function can be realized.In a conceptual sense, any arrangement of parts that achieve the same function is effectively "associated" so that the desired function can be achieved.Therefore, any two parts that are combined to achieve a specific function in this article can be regarded as "associated" with each other so that the desired function can be achieved, regardless of the architecture or intermediate parts.Similarly, any two parts so associated can also be regarded as "operably connected" or "operably coupled" to each other to achieve the desired function, and any two parts that can be so associated can also be regarded as "operably coupleable" to each other to achieve the desired function.Specific examples of operable coupling include but are not limited to parts that can physically cooperate and / or physically interact and / or parts that can wirelessly interact and / or wirelessly interact and / or parts that can logically interact and / or parts that can logically interact.

[0308] With respect to substantially any plural and / or singular terms used herein, those skilled in the art may translate from the plural to the singular and / or from the singular to the plural as appropriate, as appropriate to the context and / or application. For clarity, various singular / plural arrangements may be explicitly listed herein.

[0309] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, in general, the terms used herein, and particularly in the appended claims (e.g., the bodies of the appended claims), are generally intended to be "open" terms (e.g., the term "including" should be interpreted as "including but not limited to", the term "having" should be interpreted as "having at least", the term "comprising" should be interpreted as "including but not limited to", etc.). It will also be understood by those skilled in the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such intent will be explicitly stated in the claim, and in the absence of such a recitation, there is no such intent. For example, where only one item is intended, the term "single" or similar language may be used. To aid understanding, the following appended claims and / or the description herein may include the use of the introductory phrases "at least one" and "one or more" to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed as implying that any particular claim including such introduced claim recitations is limited to an embodiment including only one such recitation by the indefinite article "a" or "an" to introduce the claim recitation. This is true even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases "one or more" or "at least one" and an indefinite article such as "a" or "a kind" (e.g., "a" and / or "a kind" should be interpreted as meaning "at least one" or "one or more"). The same applies to the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations. In addition, even if a specific number of introduced claim recitations is explicitly recited, one skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should be interpreted as meaning at least the stated number (e.g., a bare recitation of "two recitations" without other modifiers means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations). In addition, in those instances where a convention similar to "at least one of A, B, and C, etc." is used, generally speaking, the meaning of such construction is that one skilled in the art will understand the convention (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B, and C" will include, but is not limited to, a system having A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B simultaneously, A and C simultaneously, B and C simultaneously, and / or A, B, and C simultaneously, etc.). In those instances where a convention similar to "at least one of A, B, or C, etc." is used, generally speaking, the meaning of such construction is that one skilled in the art will understand the convention (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B, or C" will include, but is not limited to, systems having A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc.). One skilled in the art will also understand that, in fact, any discrete words and / or phrases presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the specification, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibility of including one of the terms, any of the terms, or both of the terms.For example, the phrase "A or B" will be understood to include the possibilities of "A" or "B" or "A and B." Additionally, as used herein, the term "any of" followed by a listing of multiple items and / or multiple categories of items is intended to include "any of," "any combination," "any multiples," and / or "any combination of multiples" of the items and / or categories of items, either alone or in combination with other items and / or other categories of items. Additionally, as used herein, the term "set" is intended to include any number of items, including zero. Additionally, as used herein, the term "quantity" is intended to include any quantity, including zero. And, as used herein, the term "plurality" is intended to be synonymous with "multiple."

[0310] In addition, where features or aspects of the disclosure are described in terms of Markush groups, those skilled in the art will recognize that the disclosure is also described in terms of any individual member or subgroup of members of the Markush group.

[0311] As will be understood by those skilled in the art, for any and all purposes (such as for providing a written description), all ranges disclosed herein also encompass any and all possible subranges and combinations of their subranges. Any listed range can be easily identified as fully describing and enabling the same range to be divided into at least equal halves, thirds, quarters, fifths, tenths, etc. As a non-limiting example, each range discussed herein can be easily divided into a lower third, a middle third, and an upper third, etc. As will be understood by those skilled in the art, all languages ​​such as "up to", "at least", "greater than", "less than", etc. include the cited numbers and refer to ranges that can subsequently be divided into subranges as described above. Finally, as will be understood by those skilled in the art, ranges include each individual number. Thus, for example, a group having 1 to 3 units refers to a group having 1, 2, or 3 units. Similarly, a group having 1 to 5 units refers to a group having 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 units, etc.

[0312] Furthermore, the claims should not be read as limited to the order or elements presented unless otherwise stated. Furthermore, the use of the term "means for..." in any claim is intended to invoke 35 U.S.C. § 112, 6 or means-plus-function claim format, and any claim without the term "means for..." is not intended to be so.

[0313] Suitable processors include, by way of example, a general purpose processor, a special purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in association with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), an application specific standard product (ASSP), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) circuit, any other type of integrated circuit (IC), and / or state machine.

[0314] The WTRU may be used in conjunction with a module, which may be implemented in hardware and / or software including: software defined radio (SDR) and other components such as a camera, a video camera module, a videophone, a speakerphone, a vibration device, a speaker, a microphone, a television transceiver, a hands-free headset, a keyboard, module, a frequency modulation (FM) radio unit, a near field communication (NFC) module, a liquid crystal display (LCD) display unit, an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display unit, a digital music player, a media player, a video game player module, an internet browser, and / or any wireless local area network (WLAN) or ultra-wideband (UWB) module.

[0315] Although various embodiments have been described in terms of a communication system, it is contemplated that the system may be implemented in software on a microprocessor / general purpose computer (not shown). In certain embodiments, one or more of the functions of the various components may be implemented in software controlling a general purpose computer.

[0316] Furthermore, while the invention has been shown and described herein with reference to specific embodiments, the invention is not intended to be limited to the details shown. Rather, various modifications may be made to the details within the scope and range of equivalents of the claims without departing from the invention.

[0317] The following references may be mentioned above:

[0318] RP-212422 “Motivation for Network Energy Saving in Rel-18”, Ericsson.

Claims

1. A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) comprising a circuit, the circuit comprising any of a transmitter, a receiver, a processor, and a memory, wherein the circuit is configured to: receiving, via radio resource control (RRC) signaling, information indicating a configuration pattern of time periods, wherein each time period comprises an interval during which a cell may be used for reception or transmission and an interval during which the cell may not be used for reception or transmission; receiving configuration information indicating a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resource for sending a scheduling request (SR); receiving downlink control information (DCI), the downlink control information comprising an indication associated with the configuration mode for the time period, wherein the configuration mode for the indicated time period is applicable after a predefined delay after receiving the DCI; determining whether the indication indicates that the configuration mode is applicable for receiving; determining to send an SR on one of the PUCCH resources configured for sending an SR; and In case the PUCCH resource is not within an interval during which the cell is available for reception, it is determined not to send the SR.

2. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein the indication associated with the configuration mode of the time period indicates that the configuration mode of the time period applies.

3. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein the indication associated with the configuration pattern of the time periods is received in a group common physical downlink control channel.

4. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein the circuit is configured to send the SR if the PUCCH resource is within the interval during which the cell is available for reception.

5. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the configuration information further indicates a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) resource for sending a configured grant (CG).

6. The WTRU of claim 5 wherein the circuit is configured to: determining to send a CG on one of the PUSCH resources configured for sending the CG; and In case the PUSCH resource is not within the interval during which the cell is available for reception, it is determined not to send the CG.

7. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the configuration information further indicates a channel state information (CSI) resource for sending a CSI report.

8. The WTRU of claim 7 wherein the circuit is configured to: determining that a CSI report is to be sent on one of the CSI resources configured for sending the CSI report; and In case the CSI resource is not within an interval during which the cell is available for reception, determining not to send the CSI report.

9. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the PUCCH resources configured for sending SR are associated with a periodicity.

10. The WTRU of claim 9, wherein the circuit is configured to: receiving a medium access control (MAC) control element (MACCE) signal indicating a threshold value of the periodicity of the PUCCH resources; determining that the periodicity of the PUCCH resources is greater than an indicated threshold; and The SR is sent based on the periodicity of the PUCCH resource being greater than the indicated threshold.

11. A method implemented in a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), the method comprising: receiving, via radio resource control (RRC) signaling, information indicating a configuration pattern of time periods, wherein each time period comprises an interval during which a cell may be used for reception or transmission and an interval during which the cell may not be used for reception or transmission; receiving configuration information indicating a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resource for sending a scheduling request (SR); receiving downlink control information (DCI), the downlink control information comprising an indication associated with the configuration mode for the time period, wherein the configuration mode for the indicated time period is applicable after a predefined delay after receiving the DCI; determining whether the indication indicates that the configuration mode is applicable for receiving; determining to send an SR on one of the PUCCH resources configured for sending an SR; and In case the PUCCH resource is not within an interval during which the cell is available for reception, it is determined not to send the SR. 12 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the indication associated with the configuration mode of the time period indicates that the configuration mode of the time period applies.

13. The method of claim 11, wherein the indication associated with the configuration pattern of the time periods is received in a group common physical downlink control channel.

14. The method of claim 11, further comprising sending the SR if the PUCCH resource is within the interval during which the cell is available for reception.

15. The method of claim 11, wherein the configuration information further indicates a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) resource for sending a configured grant (CG).

16. The method according to claim 15, further comprising: determining to send a CG on one of the PUSCH resources configured for sending the CG; and In case the PUSCH resource is not within the interval during which the cell is available for reception, it is determined not to send the CG.

17. The method of claim 11, wherein the configuration information further indicates a channel state information (CSI) resource for sending a CSI report.

18. The method according to claim 17, further comprising: determining that a CSI report is to be sent on one of the CSI resources configured for sending the CSI report; as well as In case the CSI resource is not within an interval during which the cell is available for reception, determining not to send the CSI report.

19. The method according to claim 11, wherein the PUCCH resource configured for transmitting the SR is associated with periodicity.

20. The method according to claim 19, further comprising: receiving a medium access control (MAC) control element (MACCE) signal indicating a threshold value of the periodicity of the PUCCH resources; determining that the periodicity of the PUCCH resource is greater than an indicated threshold; as well as The SR is sent based on the periodicity of the PUCCH resource being greater than the indicated threshold.

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