Perovskite solar cell and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of perovskite solar cells, in particular to a perovskite solar cell and a preparation method thereof. The invention provides a perovskite solar cell. The perovskite solar cell comprises a perovskite absorption layer, the perovskite absorption layer comprises a surface active agent; the structural formula of the surfactant is # imgabs0, in the formula, n is an integer between 1 and 20, R1 is selected from any one of OH, # imgabs1 # and # imgabs2 #, and a is an integer between 1 and 3. According to the invention, the aromatic surfactant with three functions is introduced into the perovskite absorption layer, so that lattice defects of perovskite can be passivated; the wettability of the perovskite and the substrate is improved, and the ohmic contact of the perovskite and the substrate is enhanced; the perovskite crystal structure is obviously stabilized; therefore, the perovskite solar cell not only obtains higher photoelectric conversion efficiency, but also has higher stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of perovskite solar cells, and in particular to a perovskite solar cell and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells have set off a revolution in the field of solar energy. The efficiency of perovskite solar cells is comparable to that of crystalline silicon cells, and the potential cost is about half of that of crystalline silicon cells, making them capable of challenging crystalline silicon cells. However, large-scale preparation and stability of perovskite solar cells are two major challenges facing their large-scale application.

[0003] Large-area perovskite films are not only affected by crystallography, including pinholes and defects, but also show many problems such as poor contact between the perovskite film and the lower interface. The quality of the perovskite film and the contact between the perovskite layer and the lower interface are important factors leading to the poor stability of perovskite solar cells.

[0004] Perovskite is an ionic crystal material, which is more fragile and less stable than crystalline silicon. It has the disadvantages of being easily oxidized and not resistant to high temperatures, with a short lifespan and a high attenuation rate. In addition, it is difficult to evenly apply the perovskite layer on the substrate surface, which has a significant negative impact on device performance. In addition, the perovskite precursor solution often has poor contact with the lower interface, which leads to lower photoelectric conversion efficiency and poor stability of perovskite solar cells.

[0005] The optimization of perovskite films is usually accomplished by adjusting the precursor solution, including solvents, solutes, additives, etc., to tune the nucleation kinetics of perovskite and the intermediate phase transformation. Ionic surfactants are generally considered to be a class of additives that can effectively improve the quality of perovskite films. Although these ionic surfactants have certain effects, their performance stability is poor and their cost is high, which prevents further application on an industrial scale.

[0006] In view of this, the present invention is proposed. Summary of the invention

[0007] The first purpose of the present invention is to provide a perovskite solar cell, which solves the problems of poor contact between perovskite and substrate, low photoelectric conversion efficiency and poor stability of perovskite solar cells by doping an aromatic surfactant containing alkyl chains, phenyl groups and hydroxyl groups in the molecular structure in the perovskite absorption layer.

[0008] The second object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the above-mentioned perovskite solar cell, which improves the wettability and ohmic contact between the perovskite and the substrate, and improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite solar cell.

[0009] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, the following technical scheme is adopted:

[0010] The present invention provides a perovskite solar cell, comprising a perovskite absorption layer;

[0011] The perovskite absorption layer includes a surfactant;

[0012] The structural formula of the surfactant is: In the formula, n is an integer between 1 and 20, and R1 is selected from OH, and Any one of the above, wherein a is an integer between 1 and 3.

[0013] Furthermore, the structural formula of the surfactant is: In the formula, n is an integer between 1 and 20.

[0014] Further, the perovskite absorption layer includes metal halide and organic amine salt;

[0015] The metal halide comprises BX2; wherein B is selected from any one or more of Pb and Sn; and X is selected from any one or more of Cl, Br and I;

[0016] The organic amine salt includes FAX b and MX c At least one of; wherein X b Selected from F - , Cl - Br - ,I - 、SCN - 、BF4 - PF6 - HCOO - and CH3COO - Any one or more of the following;

[0017] M is selected from the group consisting of primary amine cation, secondary amine cation, tertiary amine cation, ethyl amidine cation, benzamidine cation, guanidine cation, NH4 + , K + and Na + Any one or more of the following;

[0018] X c Selected from F - , Cl - Br - ,I - 、SCN - 、BF4 - PF6 - HCOO - and CH3COO- Any one or more of .

[0019] Furthermore, the perovskite absorption layer also includes cesium halide and / or rubidium halide.

[0020] Furthermore, the perovskite solar cell also includes a first electrode, a first charge transport layer, a second charge transport layer and a second electrode.

[0021] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the perovskite solar cell as described above, comprising the following steps:

[0022] The precursor solution of the perovskite absorption layer is coated on the surface of the substrate, and the perovskite absorption layer is obtained after annealing;

[0023] Wherein, the precursor solution of the perovskite absorption layer includes a surfactant.

[0024] Further, a mixed solution containing the surfactant, metal halide, organic amine salt and organic solvent is applied to the surface of the substrate;

[0025] And / or, the mixed solution also includes cesium halide and / or rubidium halide.

[0026] Further, the first precursor solution and the second precursor solution are sequentially coated on the surface of the substrate;

[0027] The first precursor solution includes a surfactant, a metal halide and an organic solvent;

[0028] The second precursor solution includes an organic amine salt and an organic solvent;

[0029] And / or, the first precursor solution also includes cesium halide and / or rubidium halide.

[0030] Further, the organic solvent includes at least one of N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, G-butyrolactone and N,N-dimethylacetamide;

[0031] And / or, the molar ratio of the surfactant to the metal halide is (0.1-1):100.

[0032] Furthermore, the annealing temperature is 100-130°C;

[0033] And / or, the annealing treatment time is 30 to 60 minutes.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0035] The present invention dopes an aromatic surfactant containing an alkyl chain, a phenyl group and a hydroxyl group in the molecular structure into the perovskite absorption layer of the perovskite solar cell, utilizes the multi-group synergistic effect of the aromatic surfactant, thereby enhancing the wettability between the perovskite and the substrate, improving the ohmic contact between the perovskite and the substrate; effectively passivates the defects of the perovskite absorption layer, stabilizes the perovskite structure; thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell and the stability of the perovskite solar cell. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0037] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the perovskite solar cell of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 2 This is a morphology diagram between the perovskite absorption layer and the electron transport layer in Example 2 of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 3 This is a morphology diagram between the perovskite absorption layer and the electron transport layer in Comparative Example 1 of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 4 This is a graph showing the aging performance of the perovskite solar cells prepared in Example 2 of the present invention and Comparative Example 1. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] 1-first electrode; 2-first charge transport layer; 3-perovskite absorption layer; 4-second charge transport layer; 5-second electrode. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The technical scheme of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the following described embodiments are part of embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments, and are only used to illustrate the present invention, and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. If specific conditions are not specified in the embodiments, they are carried out according to normal conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. If the manufacturer is not specified in the reagents or instruments used, they are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0044] A perovskite solar cell and a preparation method thereof according to an embodiment of the present invention are described in detail below.

[0045] See also Figure 1 , in some embodiments of the present invention, a perovskite solar cell is provided, comprising a perovskite absorption layer 3;

[0046] The perovskite absorption layer 3 includes a surfactant;

[0047] The structural formula of surfactant is: In the formula, n is an integer between 1 and 20, and R1 is selected from OH, and Any one of the above, wherein a is an integer between 1 and 3.

[0048] The present invention dopes an aromatic surfactant in a perovskite absorption layer of a perovskite solar cell, wherein the molecular structure of the aromatic surfactant contains an alkyl chain, a benzene ring and a hydroxyl group; wherein the hydroxyl group can interact with the perovskite to passivate the lattice defects of the perovskite; the hydrophilicity of the hydroxyl group can be used as a perovskite surface tension regulator to improve the wettability of the perovskite with a substrate and enhance the ohmic contact between the perovskite and the substrate; the aryl group with a long-chain alkyl group has a strong hydrophobicity and can play a role in stabilizing the perovskite structure; the benzene ring with π electrons in the surfactant is conducive to the rapid transfer of charges between the perovskite and the hole transport layer, effectively passivates the defects of the perovskite crystal, and is conducive to improving the efficiency of the perovskite solar cell.

[0049] The present invention adopts the surfactant with the specific structure and utilizes the multi-group synergistic effect of the aromatic surfactant to enhance the wettability between the perovskite wet film and the substrate, improve the ohmic contact between the perovskite absorption layer and the substrate; reduce the non-radiative recombination of the perovskite at the charge transfer layer, regulate the nucleation and growth process of the perovskite grains, and promote the formation of a fully covered and highly oriented perovskite film; passivate surface defects, accelerate the generation and extraction of electrons, and form a moisture-proof barrier on the perovskite surface; thereby facilitating the improvement of the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell and the stability of the perovskite solar cell.

[0050] In some embodiments of the present invention, the structural formula of the surfactant is: In the formula, n is an integer between 1 and 20.

[0051] In some embodiments of the present invention, the surfactant has any of the following structural formulas:

[0052]

[0053] In some embodiments of the invention, n can be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20.

[0054] In some embodiments of the present invention, the perovskite absorber layer 3 includes a first precursor metal halide and a second precursor organic amine salt;

[0055] The metal halide includes BX2; wherein B is selected from any one or more of Pb and Sn; and X is selected from any one or more of Cl, Br and I;

[0056] Organic amine salts including FAX b and MX c At least one of; wherein X b Selected from F - , Cl - Br - ,I - 、SCN - 、BF4 - PF6 - HCOO - and CH3COO - Any one or more of the following;

[0057] M is selected from the group consisting of primary amine cation, secondary amine cation, tertiary amine cation, ethyl amidine cation, benzamidine cation, guanidine cation, NH4 + , K + and Na + Any one or more of the following;

[0058] X c Selected from F - , Cl - Br - ,I - 、SCN - 、BF4 - PF6 - HCOO - and CH3COO - Any one or more of .

[0059] In some embodiments of the present invention, the perovskite absorption layer 3 further includes cesium halide and / or rubidium halide.

[0060] In some embodiments of the present invention, the perovskite solar cell further includes a first electrode 1 , a first charge transport layer 2 , a second charge transport layer 4 and a second electrode 5 .

[0061] In some embodiments of the present invention, the perovskite absorption layer 3 is located between the first charge transport layer 2 and the second charge transport layer 4 .

[0062] In some embodiments of the present invention, the first electrode serves as a substrate layer and may be conductive glass.

[0063] In some embodiments of the present invention, the first charge transport layer and the second charge transport layer each independently include an electron transport layer or a hole transport layer.

[0064] In some embodiments of the present invention, the electron transport layer includes at least one of C60, [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid isomethyl ester (PCBM), titanium dioxide (TiO2), tin dioxide (SnO2), niobium oxide (Nb2O5) and zinc oxide (ZnO).

[0065] In some embodiments of the present invention, the hole transport layer includes at least one of nickel oxide (NiOx), cuprous thiocyanate (CuSCN), cuprous iodide (CuI), cuprous oxide (Cu2O), vanadium pentoxide (V2O5), molybdenum trioxide (MoO3), Spiro-OMeTAD, PEDOT:PSS and PTAA.

[0066] In some embodiments of the present invention, the second electrode includes at least one of aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), tin-doped indium oxide (ITO), tungsten-doped indium oxide (IWO), cerium-doped indium oxide (ICO), zinc-doped indium oxide (IZO), a gold electrode (Au), a silver electrode (Ag), a copper electrode (Cu), an aluminum electrode (Al), a nickel electrode (Ni), a molybdenum electrode (Mo) and a chromium electrode (Cr).

[0067] In some embodiments of the present invention, a method for preparing the above-mentioned perovskite solar cell is also provided, comprising the following steps:

[0068] The precursor solution of the perovskite absorption layer is coated on the surface of the substrate, and after annealing, the perovskite absorption layer 3 is obtained;

[0069] Wherein, the precursor solution of the perovskite absorption layer includes a surfactant.

[0070] The present invention solves the problem of poor contact between the perovskite precursor solution and the substrate by introducing a surfactant into the precursor solution of the perovskite absorption layer, so that the prepared perovskite solar cell not only obtains a higher photoelectric conversion efficiency, but also has stronger stability.

[0071] The solution coating method of the present invention includes a one-step solution method and a two-step solution method.

[0072] In some embodiments of the present invention, one-step solution coating comprises:

[0073] A mixed liquid containing a surfactant, a metal halide, an organic amine salt and an organic solvent is coated on the surface of the substrate.

[0074] In some embodiments of the present invention, the mixed solution further comprises cesium halide and / or rubidium halide.

[0075] In some embodiments of the present invention, a two-step solution coating process comprises:

[0076] sequentially coating a first precursor solution and a second precursor solution on a substrate surface;

[0077] The first precursor solution includes a surfactant, a metal halide and an organic solvent;

[0078] The second precursor solution includes an organic amine salt and an organic solvent.

[0079] In some embodiments of the present invention, the first precursor solution further includes cesium halide and / or rubidium halide.

[0080] In some embodiments of the present invention, the organic solvent includes at least one of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), G-butyrolactone (GBL) and N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA); preferably, the organic solvent includes N,N-dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide, or G-butyrolactone and N,N-dimethylacetamide.

[0081] In some embodiments of the present invention, the molar ratio of the surfactant to the metal halide is (0.1-1):100; typically but not limiting, for example, the molar ratio of the surfactant to the metal halide can be 0.1:100, 0.2:100, 0.3:100, 0.4:100, 0.5:100, 0.6:100, 0.7:100, 0.8:100, 0.9:100, 1:100 or a range of any two thereof.

[0082] The higher the doping amount of the surfactant in the perovskite absorption layer, the higher the open circuit voltage of the perovskite solar cell. However, too high a content will reduce the fill factor. The present invention adopts the dosage within the above range to obtain a perovskite solar cell with better performance.

[0083] In some embodiments of the present invention, the annealing temperature is 100-130°C.

[0084] In some embodiments of the present invention, the annealing treatment time is 30 to 60 minutes.

[0085] In some embodiments of the present invention, the coating method includes at least one of spin coating, evaporation, slit coating, blade coating and screen printing.

[0086] In some embodiments of the present invention, a method for preparing a perovskite solar cell specifically comprises the following steps:

[0087] The material of the first charge transport layer is coated on the first electrode 1, and then annealed to form the first charge transport layer 2;

[0088] A precursor solution of a perovskite absorption layer is coated on the first charge transport layer 2, and then annealed to form a perovskite absorption layer 3;

[0089] Depositing the material of the second charge transport layer on the perovskite absorption layer 3 to obtain the second charge transport layer 4;

[0090] A metal electrode is evaporated on the second charge transport layer 4 to obtain the second electrode 5 .

[0091] Example 1

[0092] The method for preparing a perovskite solar cell provided in this embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0093] S1. Clean the FTO glass in an ultrasonic cleaner with detergent, deionized water, acetone, and ethanol in sequence for 20 to 50 minutes, then dry the FTO glass with a dry nitrogen stream, and treat it with an ultraviolet ozone cleaner for 10 to 60 minutes to obtain a first electrode 1.

[0094] S2. Sputtering nickel oxide on the first electrode 1 to obtain a first charge transport layer 2 with a thickness of 5 to 3000 nm.

[0095] S3, coating the mixed solution on the first charge transport layer 2, and then annealing at 100-130° C. for 30-60 min to obtain a perovskite absorption layer 3;

[0096] The method for preparing the mixed solution comprises the following steps:

[0097] Prepare FA with a concentration of 1.5 mol / L 0.85 Cs 0.15 PbI3 perovskite precursor solution: Weigh 219.26 mg FAI, 691.51 mg PbI2, 58.45 mg CsI and 30.37 mg MACl solids respectively, and then dissolve them in a mixed solution of 800 uL DMF and 200 uL DMSO, and continue stirring until completely dissolved to obtain a perovskite precursor solution;

[0098] Add 4-octadecylhydroxyethylphenethyl ether to the prepared perovskite precursor solution to obtain a mixed solution; in the mixed solution, the molar ratio of 4-octadecylhydroxyethylphenethyl ether to PbI2 is 0.1:100.

[0099] S4. C60 with a thickness of 20 nm and SnO2 with a thickness of 5 nm are sequentially evaporated on the perovskite absorption layer 3 to obtain a second charge transport layer 4.

[0100] S5 , Cu with a thickness of 80 nm is evaporated on the second charge transport layer 4 to obtain the second electrode 5 .

[0101] Example 2

[0102] The preparation method of the perovskite solar cell provided in this embodiment refers to that in Embodiment 1, except that in step S3, the molar ratio of octadecylhydroxyethylphenethyl ether to PbI2 in the mixed solution is 0.2:100.

[0103] Example 3

[0104] The preparation method of the perovskite solar cell provided in this embodiment refers to that in Embodiment 1, except that in step S3, the molar ratio of octadecylhydroxyethylphenethyl ether to PbI2 in the mixed solution is 0.4:100.

[0105] Example 4

[0106] The preparation method of the perovskite solar cell provided in this embodiment refers to that in Embodiment 1, except that in step S3, the molar ratio of octadecylhydroxyethylphenethyl ether to PbI2 in the mixed solution is 0.6:100.

[0107] Example 5

[0108] The preparation method of the perovskite solar cell provided in this embodiment refers to that in Embodiment 1, except that in step S3, the molar ratio of octadecylhydroxyethylphenethyl ether to PbI2 in the mixed solution is 0.8:100.

[0109] Example 6

[0110] The preparation method of the perovskite solar cell provided in this embodiment refers to that in Embodiment 1, except that in step S3, the molar ratio of octadecylhydroxyethylphenethyl ether to PbI2 in the mixed solution is 1:100.

[0111] Example 7

[0112] The method for preparing a perovskite solar cell provided in this embodiment refers to that in embodiment 2, except that in step S3, p-octadecylhydroxyethylphenethyl ether is replaced with p-dodecylhydroxyethylphenethyl ether.

[0113] Example 8

[0114] The preparation method of the perovskite solar cell provided in this embodiment refers to that in embodiment 2, except that in step S3, p-octadecylhydroxyethylphenethyl ether is replaced with p-octadecylhydroxypropylphenethyl ether.

[0115] Comparative Example 1

[0116] The preparation method of the perovskite solar cell provided in this comparative example refers to Example 1, except that in step S3, the mixed solution is FA 0.85 Cs 0.15 The PbI3 perovskite precursor solution was prepared without adding p-octadecylhydroxyethylphenethyl ether to the perovskite precursor solution.

[0117] Comparative Example 2

[0118] The preparation method of the perovskite solar cell provided in this comparative example refers to Example 1, except that in step S3, p-octadecylhydroxyethylphenethyl ether is replaced by hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide.

[0119] Test Example 1

[0120] The perovskite absorption layer and the electron transport layer in the perovskite solar cells prepared in Example 2 and Comparative Example 1 were tested by scanning electron microscopy. The scanning electron microscope is mainly used to analyze the morphology of the perovskite structure. The test was performed on a JSM-F100 instrument. The results are shown in FIG. Figure 2 and Figure 3 shown.

[0121] The performance of the perovskite solar cells prepared in Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2 was tested, and the results are shown in Table 1. The aging performance of the perovskite solar cells prepared in Example 2 and Comparative Example 1 is shown in Table 1. Figure 4 As shown, the aging condition is 65% humidity condition and the aging time is 1000h.

[0122] The current density-voltage (JV) curves were obtained using a solar simulator (Class 3A, XES-40S3, SAN-EI) equipped with a Keithley 2400 source meter under AM1.5G standard light. The light intensity was calibrated to AM 1.5G one sun intensity (100 mW / cm 2 ). The active area of ​​the device is defined as 1cm using a black metal mask. 2 . With 1cm 2 The active area PSC used a mask with an aperture size of 0.5 cm × 2 cm.

[0123] Table 1

[0124]

[0125] from Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 As can be seen from Table 1, the open circuit voltage and filling of the perovskite solar cell containing an aromatic surfactant of the present invention are significantly improved compared with the perovskite solar cell of Comparative Example 1. Among them, compared with the perovskite solar cell without adding surfactant, the open circuit voltage of the perovskite solar cell with added surfactant of the present invention is increased from 1.042V to 1.062V, and the fill factor is increased from 68.85% to 78.68%; although as the concentration of the surfactant increases, the open circuit voltage increases accordingly, but too much surfactant is added, due to its poor conductivity, it will affect the transfer of charges, and in addition, it will also affect the nucleation and crystallization of the perovskite during the annealing process, resulting in the deterioration of the crystallinity of the perovskite, thereby reducing the battery performance; in general, the perovskite solar cell with added surfactant of the present invention has higher open circuit voltage and filling, and better performance, because the introduced aromatic surfactant can enhance the wettability between the perovskite wet film and the substrate, improve the ohmic contact between the perovskite layer and the transport layer, reduce the non-radiative recombination of the perovskite at the transport layer, regulate the nucleation and growth process of the perovskite grains, and promote the formation of a fully covered and highly oriented perovskite film. The perovskite solar cell containing an aromatic surfactant of the present invention is more stable and still maintains 90% efficiency after aging for 1000 hours under a humidity of 65%; this is because the electron cloud generated by the benzene ring in the aromatic surfactant can also passivate surface defects, accelerate the generation and extraction of electrons, and form a moisture-proof barrier on the perovskite surface, thereby enhancing stability.

[0126] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A perovskite solar cell, characterized in that: Comprising a perovskite absorption layer; the perovskite absorption layer comprises a surfactant; The structural formula of the surfactant is: In the formula, n is an integer between 1 and 20, and R1 is selected from OH, Any one of the above, wherein a is an integer between 1 and 3.

2. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that The structural formula of the surfactant is: In the formula, n is an integer between 1 and 20.

3. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that The perovskite absorption layer includes metal halide and organic amine salt; The metal halide comprises BX2; wherein B is selected from any one or more of Pb and Sn; and X is selected from any one or more of Cl, Br and I; The organic amine salt includes FAX b and MX c At least one of; wherein X b Selected from F - , Cl - Br - ,I - 、SCN - 、BF4 - PF6 - HCOO - and CH3COO - Any one or more of; M is selected from primary amine cation, secondary amine cation, tertiary amine cation, ethyl amidine cation, benzamidine cation, guanidine cation, NH4 + , K + and Na + Any one or more of; X c Selected from F - , Cl - Br - ,I - 、SCN - 、BF4 - PF6 - HCOO - and CH3COO - Any one or more of .

4. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 3, characterized in that: The perovskite absorption layer also includes cesium halide and / or rubidium halide.

5. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The perovskite solar cell also includes a first electrode, a first charge transport layer, a second charge transport layer, and a second electrode.

6. The method for preparing a perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The steps include: The precursor solution of the perovskite absorption layer is coated on the surface of the substrate, and the perovskite absorption layer is obtained after annealing; Wherein, the precursor solution of the perovskite absorption layer includes a surfactant.

7. The method for preparing a perovskite solar cell according to claim 6, characterized in that: Applying a mixed solution containing the surfactant, metal halide, organic amine salt and organic solvent to the surface of the substrate; And / or, the mixed solution also includes cesium halide and / or rubidium halide.

8. The method for preparing a perovskite solar cell according to claim 6, characterized in that: sequentially coating a first precursor solution and a second precursor solution on a substrate surface; The first precursor solution includes a surfactant, a metal halide and an organic solvent; The second precursor solution includes an organic amine salt and an organic solvent; And / or, the first precursor solution also includes cesium halide and / or rubidium halide.

9. The method for preparing a perovskite solar cell according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: The organic solvent includes at least one of N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, G-butyrolactone and N,N-dimethylacetamide; And / or, the molar ratio of the surfactant to the metal halide is (0.1-1):

100.

10. The method for preparing a perovskite solar cell according to claim 6, characterized in that: The annealing temperature is 100-130°C; And / or, the annealing treatment time is 30 to 60 minutes.

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