Soybean seed-metering roller structure and seed-metering device

Abstract

The invention provides a soybean seed-metering roller structure and a seed-metering device, the soybean seed-metering roller structure comprises a seed-metering roller, the seed-metering roller is provided with a plurality of circles of circular-truncated-cone-shaped holes with large outside and small inside, and the parameters of the circular-truncated-cone-shaped holes are designed according to the stress condition of soybean seeds in the circular-truncated-cone-shaped holes when the axes of the circular-truncated-cone-shaped holes are located in the horizontal direction. Parameters of the circular-truncated-cone-shaped hole include the diameter of a hole opening, the diameter of an air hole, the depth of the hole and the inclination angle of the hole. By designing the shapes and sizes of the holes, the soybean seed sowing device can meet the requirement for precise sowing of most soybean seeds with different shapes, sizes and sphericity degrees, ensures the smoothness in the seed filling process, ensures the uniformity and stability of seed sowing, and greatly reduces the breakage rate of the seeds in the sowing process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and in particular relates to a seeding roller structure and a seeding device for soybeans. Background Art

[0002] Sowing is the primary link in mechanized planting of crops. As the core component of the seeder, the seeding device directly affects the quality of sowing. The existing seeding device hole is generally a groove wheel hole or a round straight hole. If the seed is too large or too small during the operation of the seeding device, the hole is prone to unstable seed filling, resulting in low seed filling efficiency. At the same time, it is also easy to have seed stuck in the hole, seed knocking and other phenomena. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a seeding drum structure and a seeding device for soybeans.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is to provide a seeding drum structure for soybeans, including a seeding drum, wherein the seeding drum is provided with a plurality of truncated cone-shaped holes which are larger outside and smaller inside, wherein the outer large opening of the truncated cone-shaped hole is called a shaped hole opening, the inner small opening is called an air hole, and the connecting inclined surface between the shaped hole opening and the air hole is called a wall surface, and the parameters of the truncated cone-shaped hole are designed according to the stress condition of the soybean seeds therein when the axis thereof is in the horizontal direction, at which time the soybean seeds are at a critical point about to slide down, and the elastic force F of the upper wall of the shaped hole on the soybean seeds N2 =0, the friction force F between the soybean seed and the upper wall of the die hole f2 is 0, the resultant force on the soybean seed provides the centripetal force, and the parameters of the truncated cone-shaped hole include the hole diameter D 外 , pore diameter D 内 , hole depth H and hole inclination θ, L≤D 外 ≤2d, D 内 ≤0.8d, w≤H≤2w, the hole inclination angle θ is calculated by the following formula:

[0005]

[0006] Where L is the length of the soybean seed, d is the thickness of the soybean seed, w is the width of the soybean seed, G is the gravity of the soybean seed, m is the mass of the soybean seed, g is the acceleration due to gravity, is the support force of the lower wall of the hole facing the soybean seeds, is the friction between soybean seeds and the lower wall of the hole, r is the radius of the seeding drum, ω is the angular velocity of the seeding drum, and μ is the friction coefficient between the seeding drum and the soybean seeds.

[0007] Optionally, the length L of the soybean seeds is 8.91 mm, the average length of Zhonghuang No. 13 soybean seeds, the thickness d is 5.8 mm, and the width w of the soybean seeds is 7.24 mm, the average width of Early Maturity No. 1 soybean seeds.

[0008] Optionally, the orifice diameter D 外 Meet 8.91mm≤D 外 ≤11.6mm, pore diameter D 内 ≤4.64mm, the hole depth H satisfies 7.24mm≤H≤14.48mm.

[0009] Optionally, the pore diameter D 内 Take 4.5mm and the hole depth H is 9mm.

[0010] Optionally, the radius r of the seeding drum is 74 mm, the angular velocity ω of the seeding drum is 0.5π≤ω≤π, the friction coefficient μ between the seeding drum and the soybean seeds is 0.45, and the hole inclination angle θ∈[19.97°, 23.16°] is obtained.

[0011] Optionally, the orifice diameter D 外 ∈[11.04mm, 11.6mm].

[0012] Optionally, the truncated cone-shaped hole is provided with a chamfer at the hole opening.

[0013] Correspondingly, the present invention also provides a seeding device for soybeans, comprising a drum cover, a seeding pipe and the above-mentioned seeding drum structure for soybeans; wherein,

[0014] The drum cover is a cavity structure with an opening at the top, which includes a housing side plate arranged in parallel at both ends, a pair of inclined plates symmetrically arranged between the two housing side plates and inclined inwardly, and an arc-shaped plate arranged between the bottoms of the two inclined plates and convex outwardly, and an opening is provided on the side of the arc-shaped plate near the bottom, and the width of the opening in the circumferential direction can completely cover at least one truncated cone-shaped hole;

[0015] The seeding drum structure comprises a seeding drum and a high-pressure chamber, wherein the seeding drum is rotatably installed in the drum cover through a rotating shaft, the lower part of the seeding drum is located in the groove of the arc plate, and the upper part thereof extends out of the groove of the arc plate, the arc plate, the inclined plate and the seeding drum are clearance-matched, and the cavity between the outer wall of the upper part of the seeding drum and the two inclined plates and the two cover side plates forms a seed filling area, and the high-pressure chamber is closely arranged on the inner wall of the seeding drum corresponding to the position of the opening of the arc plate, and an airflow is passed through the high-pressure chamber to blow out the soybean seeds in the truncated cone-shaped holes located at the high-pressure chamber;

[0016] The seeding pipeline is arranged at the bottom of the arc-shaped plate, the upper opening of the seeding pipeline is connected with the opening of the arc-shaped plate, and the lower opening thereof is communicated with the outside.

[0017] Optionally, both ends of the rotating shaft are located in the outer gap of the seeding drum and are provided with end covers, the end covers are fixedly mounted on the corresponding side plates of the cover shell, and the high-pressure chamber is fixedly mounted on the end covers.

[0018] Optionally, the width of the opening of the arc-shaped plate in the circumferential direction can completely cover 2-5 truncated cone-shaped holes.

[0019] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: a seeding drum structure for soybeans provided by the present invention adopts the form of a seeding drum for seeding, and a plurality of truncated cone-shaped holes are provided on the seeding drum. During seeding, since the holes are designed as tapered openings with a large outside and a small inside, soybean seeds of different shapes and sizes can smoothly fall into the holes at different depths, and the tapered opening design is not prone to seed jamming, making it easier for the soybean seeds to escape from the holes to complete seeding. Since the three-axis dimensions and shapes of the seeds are key parameters for designing the holes of the seeding device, and will affect the seed filling performance during the working process of the seeding device, the present invention optimizes the design of the parameters of the holes. First, the present invention analyzes the hole dimensions according to the seed filling posture. Considering that there are mainly two postures for soybean seeds to enter the holes, namely, "horizontal" ("horizontal" means that the length direction of the soybean seeds is tangent to the radial direction of the seeding drum) and "vertical" ("vertical" means that the length direction of the soybean seeds is the same as the radial direction of the seeding drum), in order to prevent the soybean seeds from falling into the air chamber, the air hole diameter D 内 Should satisfy D≤D 内 ≤0.8d, to avoid two soybean seeds being filled into the mold hole, the mold hole diameter D 外 Should satisfy L≤D 外 ≤2d, the hole depth H should satisfy w≤H≤2w. Secondly, when the hole axis is in the horizontal direction, the hole inclination angle θ is calculated according to the stress of the soybean seed inside the hole. Because the soybean seed in the hole is at the critical point of sliding down, the elastic force F of the upper wall of the hole against the seed is N2 is 0, the friction force F between the soybean seed and the upper wall of the mold hole f2 The resultant force provides the centripetal force, and the inclination angle θ of the shaped hole is calculated according to the force condition of the seed. The shaped hole designed in this way can ensure that the seed meter can be suitable for soybean seeds of different shapes and sizes, and try to ensure that only one seed is filled into one shaped hole, without blocking, knocking, reseeding or missing seeds, thereby improving the seed filling efficiency. The shape and size of the medium-sized hole of the present invention are determined through precise calculation, and precision sowing can be achieved for most soybean seeds of different shapes, sizes and sphericity, which can ensure the smoothness of the seed filling process, ensure the uniformity and stability of the seed discharge, and greatly reduce the breakage rate of seeds during the sowing process.

[0020] On the other hand, the present invention further provides a seeding device for soybeans, which, through the structural design of the drum cover, allows the seeds in the seed filling area to be enclosed in the mold holes as the seeding drum rotates, the seeds in the mold holes are cleared under the action of the inclined plate, and the seeds are protected under the protection of the arc plate, and finally rotate to the bottom of the seeding drum together with the seeding drum, and are blown downward from the seeding pipe under the action of the seed's own weight and the positive pressure airflow in the high-pressure bin to complete the seeding. The present invention adopts an internal blowing type + mechanical drum type, optimizes the seed transmission and discharge path, avoids clogging of the mold holes, adopts a truncated cone-shaped mold hole for soybean sowing, and can achieve soybean sowing of different shapes and sizes. The seeding device as a whole adopts a seeding drum for centralized seeding, which significantly reduces the seed breakage rate, improves the seed filling performance, and prevents the phenomenon of seed jamming. It has high sowing efficiency and reliability, a simpler structure, and a higher degree of integration. Through the design of the drum cover, it can ensure that the seeds are smoothly transported to the seeding pipe during the rotation of the seeding drum. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, in which:

[0022] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a seeding drum structure for soybeans provided by the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2a is a schematic structural diagram of the mold hole when the soybean seed is in a vertical position in the mold hole according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2b is a schematic diagram of the structure of the mold hole when the soybean seed is in a horizontal position in the mold hole in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a force analysis diagram of soybean seeds in the shaped hole when the axis of the shaped hole is located in the horizontal direction in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a truncated cone-shaped hole in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of a truncated cone-shaped hole with chamfers in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the structure of a soybean seed metering device provided by the present invention.

[0029] In the figure: 100-seeding drum structure, 101-seeding drum, 102-cone-shaped hole, 103-high-pressure chamber, 104-rotating shaft, 200-drum cover, 201-side plate of cover shell, 202-inclined plate, 203-arc plate, 204-seed filling area; 300-seeding pipeline, 301-fixed plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiment of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiment is a part of the embodiment of the present invention, not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0032] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal connection of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances. In addition, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" and "several" mean two or more.

[0033] Combine the following Figure 1-Figure 6 The invention describes a seeding drum structure and a seeding device for soybeans.

[0034] like Figure 1-Figure 5 As shown, the present invention provides a seeding drum structure 100 for soybeans, including a seeding drum 101, on which a plurality of truncated cone-shaped holes 102 with a larger outer ring and a smaller inner ring are arranged. The outer large opening of the truncated cone-shaped hole 102 is called a hole opening, the inner small opening is called an air hole, and the connecting inclined surface between the hole opening and the air hole is called a wall surface. The parameters of the truncated cone-shaped hole are designed according to the stress condition of the soybean seeds therein when the axis thereof is in the horizontal direction. At this time, the soybean seeds are at a critical point about to slide down, and the elastic force F of the upper wall of the hole on the soybean seeds is N2 =0, the friction force F between the soybean seed and the upper wall of the die hole f2is 0, the resultant force on the soybean seed provides the centripetal force, and the parameters of the truncated cone hole include the hole diameter D 外 , pore diameter D 内 , hole depth H and hole inclination θ, L≤D 外 ≤2d, D 内 ≤0.8d, w≤H≤2w, the hole inclination angle θ is calculated by the following formula:

[0035]

[0036] Among them, L is the length of the soybean seed, d is the thickness of the soybean seed, w is the width of the soybean seed, G is the gravity of the soybean seed, and m is the mass of the soybean seed. m can be 0.25*10 -3 kg, g is the acceleration due to gravity, is the support force of the lower wall of the hole facing the soybean seeds, is the friction between soybean seeds and the lower wall of the hole, r is the radius of the seeding drum, ω is the angular velocity of the seeding drum, and μ is the friction coefficient between the seeding drum and the soybean seeds.

[0037] When designing the parameters of the truncated cone-shaped hole, the outer dimensions of the soybean seeds, i.e., the length L of the soybean seeds, the width w of the soybean seeds, and the thickness d of the soybean seeds, must be determined first. Therefore, in one embodiment, the present application randomly selects 100 soybean seeds from each of the three varieties of Zhonghuang 13, Jidou 12, and Zaoshu 1, and calculates the average size of each variety and obtains the average sphericity S. p , you can use a vernier caliper to measure the length, width and height of soybean seeds. The calculation results are shown in the following table.

[0038] Length L / mm Width w / mm Thickness d / mm <![CDATA[Sphericity S p > Medium Yellow 13 8.91 7.90 5.80 80.87％ Jidou12 8.54 7.51 6.14 85.83％ Early 1 8.36 7.24 6.57 90.56％

[0039] According to the sphericity, soybean seeds can be roughly divided into ellipsoidal and quasi-spherical types. Since Zhonghuang 13 has the largest average length and width, the smallest average thickness, and the smallest sphericity, and Zaoshu No. 1 has the smallest average width, the length L of the soybean seeds is taken as the average length of Zhonghuang No. 13 soybean seeds, which is 8.91 mm, the thickness of the soybean seeds is taken as d, which is the average thickness of Zhonghuang No. 13 soybean seeds, which is 5.8 mm, and the width w of the soybean seeds is taken as the average width of Zaoshu No. 1 soybean seeds, which is 7.24 mm. The hole size designed according to the above seed size can be suitable for soybean seeds of different shapes and sizes.

[0040] Based on the above seed size, in order to ensure that the seed meter does not over-seed or miss-seed, it should be ensured that only one seed is filled into one hole. Therefore, in one embodiment, the hole size is analyzed according to the seed filling posture. Figure 2a , Figure 2bAs shown in the figure, there are two main postures for seeds to enter the pores: "horizontal" and "vertical". To prevent seeds from falling into the air chamber, the pore diameter D should be 内 ≤0.8d=0.8*5.8mm=4.64mm, to avoid two seeds being filled into the mold hole, the mold hole diameter D 外 Should also meet the horizontal L≤D 外 ≤2L, vertical d≤D 外 ≤2d, i.e. 8.91mm≤D 外 ≤11.6mm, the pore depth H should satisfy w≤H≤2w in the horizontal direction and L≤H≤2L in the vertical direction, that is, 7.24mm≤H≤14.48mm. Preferably, the pore diameter D 内 Take 4.5mm and the hole depth H is 9mm.

[0041] At the same sowing operation speed, if the diameter of the seeding drum is too small, the rotation speed of the seeding device is relatively too high, and the time for the mold hole to pass through the seed group is too short, which is not conducive to filling the seeds; if the diameter of the seeding drum is too large, the processing quality and cost requirements of the seeding device are too high, and the size and space are large, so the diameter of the seeding drum is generally 80-200mm. Preferably, in one embodiment, the present invention determines the diameter of the seeding drum to be 148mm according to actual needs, that is, the radius r is 74mm, and according to the soybean sowing operation speed, the rotation speed of the seeding drum is generally set to 15-30 rpm, that is, the angular velocity ω of the seeding drum is 0.5π≤ω≤π, and the friction coefficient μ between the seeding drum and the soybean seeds is 0.45, and the mold hole inclination angle θ∈[19.97°, 23.16°].

[0042] In one embodiment, Figure 4 As shown, the present invention found in the experiment that the diameter of the mold hole is an important dimension related to the filling and seeding effect, so based on the mold hole inclination angle θ∈[19.97°, 23.16°], the pore diameter D 内 =4.5mm, the profile hole depth H=9mm, the present invention calculates the profile hole diameter to obtain the hole diameter D 外 ∈[11.04mm,12.20mm], due to D 外 Also needs to meet 8.91mm≤D 外 ≤11.6mm, so the orifice diameter D is determined 外 ∈[11.04mm, 11.6mm], preferably, the orifice diameter D 外 Take 11.5mm.

[0043] In one embodiment, Figure 5 As shown, the truncated cone-shaped hole is provided with a chamfer at the hole mouth to prevent the seeds from being damaged when entering the hole.

[0044] In view of the problems of large air flow requirements, high energy consumption, high air tightness requirements, etc. in traditional air-blowing seed-metering devices, and the problem that the air-blowing seed-metering device may cause seed loss and leakage due to the decrease in seed filling performance in the shaped hole, the present invention adopts an internal blowing + mechanical drum type seed-metering device. Specifically, in one embodiment, Figure 1 As shown, a high-pressure chamber 103 is closely arranged on the inner wall of the shaped hole of the seeding drum 101, and an airflow is passed through the high-pressure chamber 103 to blow out the seeds in the shaped hole located at the high-pressure chamber 103. The arc length of the high-pressure chamber is less than half of the circumference of the seeding drum. A part of the seeding drum is used for filling seeds, and a part is used for seeding. The high-pressure chamber corresponds to the seeding area. The high-pressure chamber preferably covers 2-5 rows of shaped holes, and specifically can cover 4. Multiple groups of shaped holes are arranged on the seeding drum, each group includes 2-6 circles of shaped holes, and a high-pressure chamber is arranged at each group of shaped holes. Arranging multiple groups of shaped holes can improve the sowing efficiency.

[0045] The present invention sets a high-pressure chamber on the inner wall of the seeding drum, and the high-pressure chamber is closely fitted to the inner surface of the inner wall of the seeding drum. The fan sends gas into the high-pressure chamber through the air duct, forming a positive pressure airflow in the high-pressure chamber, and the seeds are transferred to the high-pressure chamber area and blown out of the mold hole by the gas to complete the sowing. The design of the high-pressure chamber solves the problem of seeds getting stuck at high speeds because they cannot fall in time due to their own weight alone, and solves the problem of rapeseed easily adhering to the mold hole due to its high oil content, resulting in unsmooth seeding, so as to avoid blockage of the mold hole, and can also ensure better consistency of the displacement of each row, so as to achieve precision and multi-seeding.

[0046] The present invention adopts internal air blowing + mechanical drum type seeding drum, which uses the working principles of gravity seed filling and airflow seed cleaning, and has better seed adaptability, lower air tightness requirements and higher sowing efficiency, especially through airflow cleaning, the seed damage is less.

[0047] Considering the existing soybean seeding device has the problems of complex structure, heavy weight, troublesome loading and unloading of seeding tray, inconvenient seeding amount adjustment, fixed air blowing height, and difficulty in assembling with other machines, correspondingly, Figure 6 As shown, the present invention also provides a seeding device for soybeans, comprising a drum cover 200, a seeding pipe 300 and the above-mentioned seeding drum structure 100 for soybeans; wherein,

[0048] The drum cover 200 is a cavity structure with an opening at the top, which includes a housing side plate 201 arranged in parallel at both ends, a pair of inclined plates 202 symmetrically arranged between the two housing side plates 201 and inclined inwardly, and an arc-shaped plate 203 arranged between the bottoms of the two inclined plates and convex outwardly. An opening is provided on the side of the arc-shaped plate 203 near the bottom, and the width of the opening in the circumferential direction can completely cover at least one truncated cone-shaped hole;

[0049] The seeding drum structure 100 includes a seeding drum 101 and a high-pressure chamber 103. The seeding drum 101 is rotatably installed in the drum cover 200 through a rotating shaft 104. The lower part of the seeding drum 101 is located in the groove of the arc plate 203, and the upper part thereof extends out of the groove of the arc plate. The arc plate, the inclined plate and the seeding drum are gap-matched. The cavity between the outer wall of the upper part of the seeding drum and the two inclined plates and the two cover side plates forms a seed filling area 204. The high-pressure chamber 103 is closely arranged on the inner wall of the seeding drum at a position corresponding to the opening of the arc plate. An airflow is passed through the high-pressure chamber to blow out the soybean seeds in the truncated cone-shaped holes located at the high-pressure chamber.

[0050] The seeding pipe 300 is arranged at the bottom of the arc plate, the upper opening of the seeding pipe is connected to the opening of the arc plate, and the lower opening thereof is communicated with the outside.

[0051] In one embodiment, Figure 6 As shown, both ends of the rotating shaft 104 are located in the outer gap of the seeding drum and are provided with end covers (not shown in the figure), the end covers are fixedly mounted on the corresponding side plates of the casing, and the high-pressure chamber is fixedly mounted on the end covers.

[0052] In one embodiment, Figure 6 As shown, the width of the opening of the arc plate 203 in the circumferential direction can completely cover 2-5 truncated cone-shaped holes, which can improve the seeding efficiency. Specifically, in this embodiment, the opening of the arc plate 203 can cover 4 truncated cone-shaped holes.

[0053] In one embodiment, Figure 6 As shown, the rotating shaft is a hexagonal shaft. The rotatable seeding drum is assembled with the gap between the end covers fixed on both sides. A fixed arc plate is provided on the outer surface of the lower circumference of the seeding drum. The hexagonal shaft coaxial with the seeding drum passes through the seeding drum and extends out of the end cover. The gear fixed on the hexagonal shaft is connected to the gear of the motor fixed on the side plate of the cover by a chain, and the motor drives the seeding drum to rotate. The motor is also connected to a reducer. The motor reducer can adjust the speed of the seeding drum to achieve sowing at different speeds of the seeding collector. The seeding collector is equipped with a motor and a reducer. The chain drive is used to connect the motor and the seeding drum, which can solve the problem of the motor being unable to run due to jamming during sowing. At the same time, the structural layout of the motor and the reducer makes the entire seeding collector more reasonable and compact, which is convenient for installation and commissioning of the tractor.

[0054] The present invention adopts a motor reducer to adjust the rotation speed of the seeding drum to realize sowing of the seeding device at different rotation speeds. The seeding device is equipped with a motor and a reducer, and a chain drive is used to connect the motor and the seeding drum, so as to solve the problem that the motor cannot run due to jamming during sowing. At the same time, the structural layout of the motor and the reducer makes the whole machine more reasonable and compact, which is convenient for installation and debugging of the tractor.

[0055] In one embodiment, Figure 6 As shown, the seeding pipe 300 is fixedly connected to a fixing plate 301, and both ends of the fixing plate 301 are fixedly connected to the casing side plates 201 on both sides.

[0056] The seeding device for soybeans provided by the present invention adopts the principle of air-blowing central centralized seeding, has a compact and small structure, and the seeding drum adopts internal blowing + mechanical drum type, which can optimize the transmission and discharge path of seeds, realize precision and simultaneous seeding, and avoid clogging of the shaped holes. The seeding device as a whole adopts seeding drum and seed box for centralized seeding, which can significantly reduce the seed breakage rate, improve seed filling performance, and prevent seed jamming, has high sowing efficiency and reliability, simple structure, and high degree of integration.

[0057] The seeding device for soybeans provided by the present invention has the following specific installation steps: first install the drum cover, position the side plates of the cover shell on both sides, and fix the two side plates of the cover shell by a crossbeam, then install the arc plate and a pair of inclined plates between the two side plates of the cover shell, the front end of the arc plate contacts the front inclined plate, and the rear end of the arc plate contacts the rear inclined plate, and a clearance fit is adopted between the two inclined plates and the outer surface of the seeding drum. On the one hand, the working resistance between the seeding drum and the inclined plates can be avoided when the seeding drum rotates, and on the other hand, the excess seeds on the upper surface of the molded hole can be cleared. The arc plate is provided with an opening at the connection with each seeding pipe, and the opening is the seeding and unloading groove. The seeding pipes are installed at the two openings, and the seeding pipes are fixedly installed on the side plates of the cover shell on both sides through the fixing plate; then install the rotating shaft with the seeding drum, and the gaps at both ends of the seeding drum are assembled There is an end cover, which is fixedly installed on the corresponding side plate of the cover shell. The seeding drum is provided with a hole for picking up seeds. Specifically, the seeding drum is provided with 6 circles of truncated cone-shaped holes which are symmetrical on the left and right, 3 circles form a group, each group corresponds to a high-pressure bin and a seeding pipe, and each circle has 36 holes equidistantly distributed on the circumference; then the motor, reducer and chain are installed, and the motor, reducer and side plate of the cover shell are fixed with screws; then the seed box for holding seeds is installed, and the seed box is connected with the seed filling area above the drum cover, and finally the high-pressure bin is connected with the air source through an air pipe. There are two high-pressure bins, which are respectively installed on the inner surfaces of the end covers on both sides by screws, and an air pipe interface is provided on each high-pressure bin, which is connected to the air pipe, and the fan is connected to the air pipe through a tee, and the high-pressure bin and the holes in the high-pressure bin area that moves to the bottom form a positive pressure channel.

[0058] The whole working process of sowing soybeans in the present invention is as follows: pour soybean seeds into the seed box, turn on the fan, connect gas with a certain pressure to the air pipe, the air pipe guides the gas into the high-pressure chamber, and forms a positive pressure airflow in the high-pressure chamber area. After the fan is started, the drive motor is turned on, and the motor drives the hexagonal shaft embedded in the seeding drum to rotate through gear transmission, and the seeding drum rotates accordingly. At this time, the seeds in the seed box are filled into the mold holes of the seeding drum as the seeding drum rotates, and the soybean seeds filled in the mold holes are brought to the high-pressure chamber area below as the seeding drum rotates. When the seeds are moved to the holes at the bottom of the seeding drum by air blowing, they are blown out of the holes and fall into the seeding pipe through the opening of the arc plate for effective unloading to complete sowing. At the same time, the motor drives the seeding drum to rotate around the hexagonal axis and rotates to the holes above the seeding drum to fill the seeds in the seed box. The seeds filled in the holes are cleared by the inclined plate and protected by the arc plate. Finally, they move to the bottom of the seeding drum and complete sowing under the action of the weight of the seeds and the positive pressure airflow.

[0059] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. These modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should all fall within the scope of protection of the claims attached to the present invention.

Claims

1. A seeding drum structure for soybeans, characterized in that: The invention comprises a seeding drum, wherein a plurality of truncated cone-shaped holes with a larger outer circle and a smaller inner circle are arranged on the seeding drum, wherein the outer large opening of the truncated cone-shaped hole is called a shaped hole opening, the inner small opening is called an air hole, and the connecting inclined surface between the shaped hole opening and the air hole is called a wall surface. The parameters of the truncated cone-shaped hole are designed according to the stress condition of the soybean seed therein when the axis thereof is in the horizontal direction. At this time, the soybean seed is at a critical point about to slide down, and the elastic force F of the upper wall of the shaped hole on the soybean seed is N2 =0, the friction force F between the soybean seed and the upper wall of the die hole f2 is 0, the resultant force on the soybean seed provides the centripetal force, and the parameters of the truncated cone-shaped hole include the hole diameter D 外 , pore diameter D 内 , hole depth H and hole inclination θ, L≤D 外 ≤2d, D 内 ≤0.8d, w≤H≤2w, the hole inclination angle θ is calculated by the following formula: Where L is the length of the soybean seed, d is the thickness of the soybean seed, w is the width of the soybean seed, G is the gravity of the soybean seed, m is the mass of the soybean seed, g is the acceleration due to gravity, is the support force of the lower wall of the hole facing the soybean seeds, is the friction between soybean seeds and the lower wall of the hole, r is the radius of the seeding drum, ω is the angular velocity of the seeding drum, and μ is the friction coefficient between the seeding drum and the soybean seeds.

2. The seeding drum structure for soybean according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length L of the soybean seeds was taken as the average length of Zhonghuang No. 13 soybean seeds, 8.91 mm; the thickness d of the soybean seeds was taken as the average thickness of Zhonghuang No. 13 soybean seeds, 5.8 mm; and the width w of the soybean seeds was taken as the average width of Zaoshu No. 1 soybean seeds, 7.24 mm.

3. The seeding drum structure for soybean according to claim 2, characterized in that: The type orifice diameter D 外 Meet 8.91mm≤D 外 ≤11.6mm, pore diameter D 内 ≤4.64mm, the hole depth H satisfies 7.24mm≤H≤14.48mm.

4. The seeding drum structure for soybean according to claim 3, characterized in that: The pore diameter D 内 Take 4.5mm and the hole depth H is 9mm.

5. The seeding drum structure for soybean according to claim 4, characterized in that: The radius r of the seeding drum is 74 mm, the angular velocity ω of the seeding drum is 0.5π≤ω≤π, the friction coefficient μ between the seeding drum and the soybean seeds is 0.45, and the inclination angle θ∈[19.97°, 23.16°] of the mold hole is obtained.

6. The seeding drum structure for soybean according to claim 5, characterized in that: The type orifice diameter D 外 ∈[11.04mm, 11.6mm].

7. The seeding drum structure for soybean according to claim 1, characterized in that: The truncated cone-shaped hole is provided with a chamfer at the hole opening.

8. A seed metering device for soybeans, characterized in that: It comprises a drum cover, a seeding pipe and a soybean seeding drum structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7; wherein: The drum cover is a cavity structure with an opening at the top, which includes a housing side plate arranged in parallel at both ends, a pair of inclined plates symmetrically arranged between the two housing side plates and inclined inwardly, and an arc-shaped plate arranged between the bottoms of the two inclined plates and convex outwardly, and an opening is provided on the side of the arc-shaped plate near the bottom, and the width of the opening in the circumferential direction can completely cover at least one truncated cone-shaped hole; The seeding drum structure comprises a seeding drum and a high-pressure chamber, wherein the seeding drum is rotatably installed in the drum cover through a rotating shaft, the lower part of the seeding drum is located in the groove of the arc plate, and the upper part thereof extends out of the groove of the arc plate, the arc plate, the inclined plate and the seeding drum are clearance-matched, and the cavity between the outer wall of the upper part of the seeding drum and the two inclined plates and the two cover side plates forms a seed filling area, and the high-pressure chamber is closely arranged on the inner wall of the seeding drum corresponding to the position of the opening of the arc plate, and an airflow is passed through the high-pressure chamber to blow out the soybean seeds in the truncated cone-shaped holes located at the high-pressure chamber; The seeding pipeline is arranged at the bottom of the arc-shaped plate, the upper opening of the seeding pipeline is connected with the opening of the arc-shaped plate, and the lower opening thereof is communicated with the outside.

9. The seed metering device for soybean according to claim 8, characterized in that: Both ends of the rotating shaft are located in the outer gap of the seeding drum and are sleeved with end covers, the end covers are fixedly mounted on the corresponding side plates of the cover shell, and the high-pressure chamber is fixedly mounted on the end covers.

10. The seed metering device for soybean according to claim 8, characterized in that: The width of the opening of the arc-shaped plate in the circumferential direction can completely cover 2-5 truncated cone-shaped holes.

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