Planting bed and method for planting rice in saline-alkali soil

Abstract

The invention discloses a planting bed and method for planting rice in saline-alkali soil, and relates to the technical field of rice planting.The planting bed comprises a planting bed body and a water supply pipe, a fertilizer supply mechanism, an automatic opening and closing valve and a transmission assembly are arranged on the side face of the planting bed body, and a modifier slow-release plate is arranged at the bottom of the planting bed body; a planting groove is formed in the upper end face of the planting bed body, a partition plate is arranged on the lower end face of the planting bed body, drainage holes are formed in the bottom of the planting bed body and the partition plate, the water supply pipe is wound around the bottom of the planting groove, and water storage flanges are arranged on the edges of the upper end faces of the drainage holes. The system has the advantages of automatic water and fertilizer management, soil improvement and efficient utilization of resources, and solves the problems of non-uniform fertilizer supply, water resource waste and soil salinization in traditional planting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of rice planting, in particular to a planting bed and a method for planting rice in saline-alkali land. Background Art

[0002] As one of the world's major food crops, rice plays a vital role in ensuring world food security. However, growing rice in saline-alkali land faces many challenges. Saline-alkali land usually has high soil salinity and pH value, which not only affects the effective use of water, but also inhibits the normal growth and development of plant roots, resulting in low crop yields or even non-viability.

[0003] Traditionally, in order to improve the soil conditions of saline-alkali land, people have taken measures such as irrigation to wash away salt, drainage to reduce salt, and application of chemical modifiers. However, these methods are often costly, inefficient, and prone to environmental pollution. In recent years, with the development of agricultural engineering technology, some innovative solutions have been proposed, such as using specially designed planting beds to isolate the saline-alkali soil layer and creating a microenvironment suitable for rice growth by precisely controlling the supply of water and fertilizer.

[0004] Despite this, the existing planting system still has some shortcomings. The traditional fertilization method is difficult to supply nutrients in a timely and appropriate amount according to crop needs. It is easy to cause seedling burn due to excessive fertilization or affect crop growth due to insufficient fertilization. The lack of an effective automatic irrigation control system leads to frequent overwatering or water shortage, which is not conducive to the healthy growth of rice and also causes a waste of water resources. The long-term improvement effect on saline-alkali land is not ideal, especially in maintaining the stability and sustainability of soil structure. Therefore, a planting bed and method for planting rice in saline-alkali land are needed to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a planting bed and method for planting rice in saline-alkali land, which has the advantages of automated water and fertilizer management, soil improvement and efficient resource utilization, and solves the problems of uneven fertilizer supply, waste of water resources and soil salinization in traditional planting.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a planting bed for planting rice in saline-alkali land, comprising a planting bed body and a water supply pipe, a fertilizer supply mechanism, an automatic opening and closing valve and a transmission assembly are arranged on the side of the planting bed body, and an improver slow-release plate is arranged at the bottom of the planting bed body;

[0007] The upper end surface of the planting bed body is provided with a planting groove, the lower end surface of the planting bed body is provided with an isolation plate, the bottom of the planting bed body and the isolation plate are provided with drainage holes, the water supply pipe is coiled at the bottom of the planting groove, and the upper end surface edge of the drainage hole is provided with a water storage flange;

[0008] The transmission assembly includes a water supply box, a partition, a transmission shaft, an impeller and a shaft seat. The water supply box is fixedly installed on the side end surface of the planting bed body. The partition is installed in the water supply box to divide it into two areas: a water supply chamber and a water storage chamber. The impeller is installed in the water supply chamber and is rotatably connected to the water supply box. The shaft seat is installed on the side end surface of the water supply box. The transmission shaft is inserted into the shaft seat and is rotatably connected to the shaft seat. The impeller is driven by the fertilizer supply mechanism through the transmission shaft.

[0009] The automatic opening and closing valve comprises a valve core, a valve housing and a buoy, and the automatic opening and closing valve is installed in the transmission assembly to control the start and stop of water inlet;

[0010] The fertilizer supply mechanism comprises a fertilizer box and a spiral shaft, wherein the spiral shaft is installed at the bottom of the fertilizer box and is rotatably connected thereto;

[0011] The improver slow-release plate comprises a water-permeable plate and a soil improver.

[0012] As a preferred planting bed for planting rice in saline-alkali land according to the present invention, the side end face of the water supply chamber is provided with a water inlet which is connected with the water supply pipe, the height of the upper end face of the isolation plate gradually decreases from the end close to the water supply inlet to the end close to the water inlet, a first toothed bezel is provided on the central axis of the impeller, a second toothed bezel which meshes with the first toothed bezel is provided on the transmission shaft, a worm is fixedly mounted on the transmission shaft, and a worm wheel which cooperates with the worm is provided on the central axis of the spiral shaft.

[0013] As a preferred planting bed for growing rice in saline-alkali land according to the present invention, the number of the impellers is 3-5, a plurality of groups of the impellers are equidistantly installed in the water supply chamber, the second toothed bevel and the transmission shaft are rotatably connected via a one-way bearing, and a locking bolt feeding toward the transmission shaft is provided on the side of the shaft seat.

[0014] As a preferred planting bed for planting rice in saline-alkali land according to the present invention, a guide plate and a discharge barrel are provided at the bottom of the fertilizer box, the guide plate is inclined toward the discharge barrel, a feed port is provided on the upper end face of the discharge barrel, a discharge port is provided at the bottom of the discharge barrel away from the feed port, and the sealing cover is rotatably connected to the fertilizer box by a hinge.

[0015] As a preferred planting bed for planting rice in saline-alkali land of the present invention, the inner diameter of the discharge barrel gradually decreases from the feed inlet end to the discharge outlet end, and the inner end surface of the discharge barrel is evenly provided with sawtooth rings.

[0016] As a preferred planting bed for planting rice in saline-alkali land of the present invention, an overflow hole is provided at the bottom of the partition, the water storage chamber and the planting trough are connected through the overflow hole, a water flow cavity is provided in the valve housing, the upper end surface of the valve housing is provided with a guide hole connected with the bottom, the valve core is installed in the water flow cavity and is slidably connected with the water flow cavity, a guide rod matching the guide hole is provided at the bottom of the valve core, the guide rod is fixedly installed on the float, the height of the water flow cavity is twice the thickness of the valve core, the water supply port is connected with the top of the side end surface of the water flow cavity, and the diameter of the water supply port is smaller than the thickness of the valve core.

[0017] As a preferred planting bed for planting rice in saline-alkali land according to the present invention, a pressure rod is provided on the top of the valve core, a ball head is provided on the bottom of the pressure rod, an adjusting baffle is provided on the upper end surface of the water supply tank, a rotating shaft is provided on the lower end surface of the adjusting baffle, the adjusting baffle is rotatably connected to the water supply tank via the rotating shaft, a slide groove slidably matched with the pressure rod is provided on the side surface of the adjusting baffle, and spherical grooves matched with the ball head are provided on the top and bottom of the slide groove.

[0018] As a preferred planting bed for planting rice in saline-alkali land of the present invention, the upper end surface of the overflow hole is flush with the upper end surface of the water storage flange, and the overflow hole is filled with a sponge strip.

[0019] As a preferred planting bed for planting rice in saline-alkali land of the present invention, the permeable board is formed by pressing coconut fiber, and the soil conditioner is prepared by mixing desulfurized gypsum, humic acid, ferrous sulfate, attapulgite and polyvinyl alcohol.

[0020] A method for using a planting bed body for planting rice in saline-alkali land comprises the following steps:

[0021] Step 1: Installation preparation: Place the planting bed at a pre-set position in the saline-alkali land, connect the water supply port to the water source, fill the waste box with fertilizer, and fill the planting trough with nutrient soil;

[0022] Step 2: Sowing and irrigation: sow rice seeds in the planting trough, open the water source, and fully irrigate the soil;

[0023] Step 3, fertilization operation, when the water flows in the water supply chamber, it drives the impeller to rotate, and the screw shaft rotates through the transmission shaft and gear transmission. The screw shaft pushes the fertilizer in the fertilizer box to the water supply chamber through the discharge cylinder, and fertilizes the planting trough with the water flow through the water supply pipe;

[0024] Step 4: Adjust the water supply. Regularly observe the development of rice to adjust the state of the automatic opening and closing valve to change the amount of watering.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] 1. The present invention cooperates with the waste supply mechanism through the transmission component. When the water flows from the water supply port to the water inlet, the impeller rotates and drives the spiral shaft to rotate through the transmission shaft, so that the fertilizer in the fertilizer box is pushed into the water supply chamber, and fertilizes the planting trough with the water flow through the water supply pipe. This design can automatically add a small amount of fertilizer when watering rice, ensuring the continuous supply of fertilizer during the growth of rice, avoiding the phenomenon of burning seedlings caused by excessive fertilization at one time, accurately meeting the fertilizer demand of rice growth, and helping to improve The yield and quality of rice, the guide plate at the bottom of the fertilizer box can guide the fertilizer to the feed port of the discharge barrel, the spiral shaft pushes the fertilizer to the discharge port, and the feed port and the discharge port are staggered to prevent the fertilizer from sliding and leaking under the action of gravity. At the same time, the inner diameter of the discharge barrel gradually decreases from the feed port end to the discharge port end, and the inner end surface is evenly provided with serrated rings. The spiral shaft and the discharge barrel squeeze the fertilizer, so that it dissolves faster after breaking and the fertilization is more even. It is not easy to block the water outlet holes of the water supply pipe, further optimizing the fertilization effect.

[0027] 2. The present invention arranges a plurality of equally spaced impellers in the water supply chamber. When the water flow is small, the plurality of impeller groups can also drive the transmission shaft to rotate to add fertilizer, thereby improving the accuracy and stability of the equipment in utilizing the water flow energy, ensuring that the automatic addition of fertilizer can be achieved under different water flow conditions, making full use of the gravitational potential energy of the water flow, improving the energy utilization efficiency, and reducing energy waste. The second tooth bevel and the transmission shaft are rotatably connected by a one-way bearing. When the rotation speed of the transmission shaft is greater than the impeller speed, the slower impeller will not increase the resistance of the transmission shaft and will not slow down the speed of the transmission shaft, making the fertilizer addition process more efficient and stable, and will not be disturbed by the reverse action of the impeller, thereby ensuring the continuity and stability of fertilization.

[0028] 3. The present invention uses the design of an automatic opening and closing valve to maintain a certain height of accumulated water in the planting trough, which is conducive to the growth of rice. When the water storage flange at the edge of the drainage hole at the bottom of the planting trough makes the accumulated water reach a certain height, the accumulated water passes through the overflow port into the water storage chamber, and the float floats up to drive the valve core to slide upward, blocking the water supply port to cut off the water flow; when the accumulated water evaporates, the float sinks and the water supply is restored, thereby realizing automatic control of the accumulated water in the planting trough, providing suitable moisture conditions for the growth of rice, avoiding overwatering or water shortage, reducing the workload of manual management, and also facilitating the rational use of water resources. The pressure rod on the top of the valve core cooperates with the adjusting baffle on the upper end face of the water supply tank, and the ball head is stuck in the spherical groove at different positions by rotating the adjusting baffle, so as to realize the automatic opening and closing valve. Normally open or normally closed state adjustment can be realized, and the water supply state can be flexibly adjusted according to the needs of different growth stages of rice, further improving the practicality and adaptability of the planting bed body, and facilitating the grower to accurately manage moisture according to actual conditions.

[0029] 4. The present invention arranges a modifier slow-release plate at the lower end of the planting bed, wherein the permeable plate is made of coconut fiber pressed with good air permeability and moisture retention, and is suitable for the growth and development of rice roots. At the same time, the soil conditioner is made of a mixture of desulfurized gypsum, humic acid, ferrous sulfate, attapulgite and polyvinyl alcohol. The coconut fiber permeable plate allows water to pass through and take away a small amount of dissolved soil conditioner, avoiding the loss of large pieces of conditioner, and allowing the soil conditioner to be slowly released when the main body of the planting bed overflows or in heavy rain, thereby inhibiting the floating of saline-alkali components, gradually improving the soil quality around the main body of the planting bed, creating a more favorable soil environment for rice growth, and improving the survival rate and growth conditions of rice in saline-alkali land, which is beneficial to soil improvement and ecological restoration of saline-alkali land. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 is a side sectional view of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 Middle CC section;

[0034] Figure 5 is a side view of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 2 Enlarged view of point B in the middle;

[0036] Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 4 Enlarged view of point E in the middle;

[0037] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 3 Enlarged view of point D in the middle;

[0038] Fig. 9 For the present invention Figure 5 Middle FF section;

[0039] Fig.10 For the present invention Fig.10 Enlarged view of point G in the middle;

[0040] Fig.11 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the modified agent sustained-release plate of the present invention;

[0041] Fig.12 For the present invention Fig.10 Enlarged view of H in the middle;

[0042] Fig.13 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the regulating baffle of the present invention.

[0043] In the figure: 1. Planting bed body; 101. Planting trough; 102. Drain hole; 103. Water storage flange; 104. Isolation plate; 1053. Water inlet; 106. Overflow hole; 1061. Sponge strip; 2. Water supply pipe; 201. Water outlet hole; 3. Fertilizer supply mechanism; 301. Fertilizer box; 3011. Sealing cover; 3012. Discharge barrel; 30121. Feed inlet; 30122. Discharge outlet; 30123. Sawtooth ring; 3013. Guide plate; 302. Screw shaft; 3021. Worm gear; 4. Automatic opening and closing valve; 401. Valve core; 4011. Guide rod; 4012. Pressure rod; 40121. Ball head; 402, valve housing; 4021, guide hole; 4022, water flow chamber; 403, buoy; 404, adjustment baffle; 4041, rotating shaft; 4042, spherical groove; 4043, slide; 405, water supply port; 5, modifier slow-release plate; 501, permeable plate; 502, soil conditioner; 6, transmission assembly; 601, water supply box; 6011, water supply chamber; 6012, water storage chamber; 602, partition; 603, transmission shaft; 6031, second gear bevel; 6032, worm; 6033, one-way bearing; 604, impeller; 6041, first gear bevel; 605, shaft seat; 6051, locking bolt. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] Example 1

[0045] See also Figure 1-Figure 13 , a planting bed for planting rice in saline-alkali land, comprising a planting bed body 1 and a water supply pipe 2, a fertilizer supply mechanism 3, an automatic opening and closing valve 4 and a transmission component 6 are arranged on the side of the planting bed body 1, and an improver slow-release plate 5 is arranged at the bottom of the planting bed body 1;

[0046] The upper end surface of the planting bed body 1 is provided with a planting groove 101, the lower end surface of the planting bed body 1 is provided with an isolation plate 104, the bottom of the planting bed body 1 and the isolation plate 104 are provided with drainage holes 102, the water supply pipe 2 is coiled at the bottom of the planting groove 101, and the upper end surface edge of the drainage hole 102 is provided with a water storage flange 103;

[0047] The transmission assembly 6 includes a water supply box 601, a partition 602, a transmission shaft 603, an impeller 604 and a shaft seat 605. The water supply box 601 is fixedly installed on the side end surface of the planting bed body 1. The partition 602 is installed in the water supply box 601 to divide it into two areas: a water supply chamber 6011 and a water storage chamber 6012. The impeller 604 is installed in the water supply chamber 6011 and is rotatably connected to the water supply box 601. The shaft seat 605 is installed on the side end surface of the water supply box 601. The transmission shaft 603 is inserted into the shaft seat 605 and is rotatably connected thereto. The impeller 604 transmits the fertilizer supply mechanism 3 through the transmission shaft 603.

[0048] The automatic opening and closing valve 4 includes a valve core 401, a valve housing 402 and a float 403. The automatic opening and closing valve 4 is installed in the transmission assembly 6 to control the start and stop of water inlet;

[0049] The fertilizer supply mechanism 3 includes a fertilizer box 301 and a screw shaft 302, wherein the screw shaft 302 is installed at the bottom of the fertilizer box 301 and is rotatably connected thereto;

[0050] The improver slow-release plate 5 includes a water-permeable plate 501 and a soil improver 502 .

[0051] Furthermore, the side end face of the water supply chamber 6011 is provided with a water inlet 1053 which is connected with the water supply pipe 2, and the height of the upper end face of the isolation plate 104 gradually decreases from the end close to the water supply port 405 to the end close to the water inlet 1053. A first toothed umbrella 6041 is provided on the central axis of the impeller 604, and a second toothed umbrella 6031 which meshes with the first toothed umbrella 6041 is provided on the transmission shaft 603. A worm 6032 is fixedly installed on the transmission shaft 603, and a worm wheel 3021 which cooperates with the worm 6032 is provided on the central axis of the spiral shaft 302.

[0052] When water flows from the water supply port 405 to the water inlet 1053, the impeller 604 is driven to rotate, so that the impeller 604 drives the screw shaft 302 to rotate under the action of the transmission shaft 603, so that the screw shaft 302 pushes the fertilizer in the fertilizer box 301 into the water supply chamber 6011 and fertilizes the fertilizer with the water through the water supply pipe 2 to the planting groove 101. In this way, a small amount of fertilizer can be automatically added when watering the rice, which ensures the fertility of rice production and avoids burning the seedlings caused by adding too much fertilizer at one time.

[0053] Furthermore, the number of impellers 604 is 3-5, and multiple groups of impellers 604 are equidistantly installed in the water supply chamber 6011. The second toothed bevel 6031 and the transmission shaft 603 are rotationally connected through a one-way bearing 6033, and a locking bolt 6051 is provided on the side of the shaft seat 605 to feed toward the transmission shaft 603.

[0054] With the cooperation of multiple impellers 604, when the water flow in the water supply chamber 6011 is small, the transmission shaft 603 can be driven to rotate by the multiple impellers 604, so as to add fertilizer and improve the accuracy of the equipment. The design of the one-way bearing 6033 enables the impeller 604 to drive the transmission shaft 603 to rotate. When the rotation speed of the transmission shaft 603 is greater than the speed of the impeller 604, the slower impeller 604 will not increase the resistance of the transmission shaft 603, and will not slow down the speed of the transmission shaft 603, thereby making full use of the gravitational potential energy of the water flow. When fertilization is not needed, the locking bolt 6051 is tightened to squeeze the transmission shaft 603 to fix the transmission shaft 603, so as to prevent the impeller 604 from driving the transmission shaft 603 to rotate.

[0055] Furthermore, a material guide plate 3013 and a discharge barrel 3012 are provided at the bottom of the fertilizer box 301. The material guide plate 3013 is inclined toward the discharge barrel 3012. A feed port 30121 is provided on the upper end face of the discharge barrel 3012. A discharge port 30122 is provided at the bottom of the discharge barrel 3012 away from the feed port 30121. The sealing cover 3011 is rotatably connected to the fertilizer box 301 by a hinge.

[0056] The fertilizer is guided to the feed port 30121 of the discharge barrel 3012 by the guide plate 3013. When the transmission shaft 603 drives the screw shaft 302 to rotate, the screw shaft 302 pushes the fertilizer at the feed port 30121 to the discharge port 30122. The feed port 30121 and the discharge port 30122 are staggered to prevent the fertilizer from sliding and leaking under the action of gravity. The flip-type sealing cover 3011 enhances the sealing performance of the fertilizer box 301 to prevent water ingress and caking, and is convenient to open for fertilizer replenishment.

[0057] Furthermore, the inner diameter of the discharge barrel 3012 gradually decreases from the feed port 30121 end to the discharge port 30122 end, and the inner end surface of the discharge barrel 3012 is evenly provided with sawtooth rings 30123 .

[0058] When the spiral shaft 302 rotates, the spiral shaft 302 squeezes the fertilizer toward the discharge port 30122. As the inner diameter of the discharge barrel 3012 gradually decreases, the spiral rotation and the discharge barrel 3012 squeeze the fertilizer and compress it. The serrated ring 30123 on the inner wall improves the crushing effect of the waste. The crushed fertilizer dissolves faster, the fertilization is more even, and it is not easy to block the water outlet hole 201 of the water supply pipe 2.

[0059] Furthermore, an overflow hole 106 is provided at the bottom of the partition 602, the water storage chamber 6012 and the planting trough 101 are connected through the overflow hole 106, a water flow chamber 4022 is provided in the valve shell 402, and a guide hole 4021 which is connected with the bottom is provided on the upper end surface of the valve shell 402, the valve core 401 is installed in the water flow chamber 4022 and is slidably connected with it, a guide rod 4011 which cooperates with the guide hole 4021 is provided at the bottom of the valve core 401, and the guide rod 4011 is fixedly installed on the float, the height of the water flow chamber 4022 is twice the thickness of the valve core 401, the water supply port 405 is connected with the top of the side end surface of the water flow chamber 4022, and the diameter of the water supply port 405 is smaller than the thickness of the valve core 401.

[0060] The valve core 401 is located at the bottom of the water flow chamber 4022 under the action of gravity, so that the water flow from the water supply port 405 can pass through the water flow chamber 4022 and enter the water supply chamber 6011. A water storage flange 103 is provided on the edge of the drainage hole 102 at the bottom of the planting trough 101, so that a certain height of water will be generated at the bottom of the planting trough 101. The accumulated water passes through the overflow port into the water storage chamber 6012, causing the float to float up, thereby driving the valve core 401 to slide upward, blocking the water supply port 405, thereby cutting off the water flow. When the accumulated water evaporates, the float sinks and water is supplied, so that there is always a certain height of water in the planting trough 101, which is conducive to the growth of rice.

[0061] Furthermore, a pressure rod 4012 is provided on the top of the valve core 401, a ball head 40121 is provided on the bottom of the pressure rod 4012, an adjusting baffle 404 is provided on the upper end surface of the water supply tank 601, a rotating shaft 4041 is provided on the lower end surface of the adjusting baffle 404, the adjusting baffle 404 is rotatably connected to the water supply tank 601 via the rotating shaft 4041, a sliding groove 4043 that slides with the pressure rod 4012 is provided on the side surface of the adjusting baffle 404, and a spherical groove 4042 that cooperates with the ball head 40121 is provided on the top and bottom of the sliding groove 4043.

[0062] When it is necessary to make the automatic opening and closing valve 4 normally open, the adjusting baffle 404 is rotated to the upper end of the ball head 40121, so that the ball head 40121 is stuck in the spherical groove 4042 on the lower end surface of the adjusting baffle 404, so that the adjusting baffle 404 blocks the pressure rod 4012, so that it cannot slide upward, thereby achieving the purpose of keeping the automatic opening and closing valve 4 normally open. When watering is not needed, the pressure rod 4012 is pulled upward, and then the adjusting baffle 404 is rotated to make the pressure rod 4012 pass through the slide groove 4043, and the ball head 40121 is stuck in the spherical groove 4042 on the upper end surface of the adjusting baffle 404, so that the pressure rod 4012 cannot fall, thereby keeping the automatic opening and closing valve 4 normally closed.

[0063] Furthermore, the upper end surface of the overflow hole 106 is flush with the upper end surface of the water storage flange 103 , and the overflow hole 106 is filled with a sponge strip 1061 .

[0064] The accumulated water in the planting trough 101 can quickly overflow into the water storage chamber 6012, and the sand is intercepted by the sponge strip 1061, so as to avoid a large amount of sand accumulation in the water storage chamber 6012, which would affect the stability of the float.

[0065] Furthermore, the permeable board 501 is made of coconut fiber, and the soil conditioner 502 is made of a mixture of desulfurized gypsum, humic acid, ferrous sulfate, attapulgite and polyvinyl alcohol.

[0066] The coconut fiber permeable board 501 allows water to flow through the permeable board 501, taking away a small amount of dissolved soil conditioner 502 without taking away large pieces of soil conditioner 502, so that the soil conditioner 502 is only released slowly when the planting bed body 1 overflows or on rainy days, so as to inhibit the floating of saline-alkali components caused by water flowing into saline-alkali land, thereby improving the soil quality around the planting bed body 1. Coconut fiber has good air permeability and moisture retention, which is suitable for the growth and development of rice roots.

[0067] When using the present device, first, it is necessary to select a suitable location in the saline-alkali land to place the planting bed, move the planting bed body 1 to the selected location, and ensure that it is placed stably to avoid tilting or displacement in subsequent use, which will affect the normal operation of the equipment and the growth of rice. Connect the water supply port 405 to a reliable water source. During the connection process, ensure that the pipeline is tightly connected without water leakage. Sealing tape or pipe sealant can be used to strengthen the sealing of the connection to prevent waste of water resources during the water supply process and adverse effects on the soil moisture around the planting bed, ensure the stability and continuity of the water supply, meet the water demand during the growth of rice, fill the fertilizer box 301 with fertilizer suitable for rice growth, and fill it with water. When adding fertilizer, care should be taken to avoid fertilizer agglomeration or clogging of the discharge barrel 3012, and ensure that the fertilizer can be smoothly pushed to the water supply chamber 6011 through the spiral shaft 302. After filling, close the sealing cover 3011 of the fertilizer box 301 to prevent water from entering and causing the fertilizer to become damp and agglomerated, affecting the fertilization effect and fertilizer utilization rate, and prepare for subsequent fertilization operations. Fill the planting trough 101 with nutrient soil. The nutrient soil should have good air permeability, water retention and fertility. Improved soil or specially formulated rice planting nutrient soil can be selected. During the filling process, ensure that the nutrient soil is evenly distributed in the planting trough 101 and reaches an appropriate thickness and compactness to provide a stable matrix environment for the germination and early growth of rice seeds. The environment is also conducive to the rooting and growth of the root system, laying the foundation for the healthy growth of rice. The rice seeds are evenly sown in the prepared planting trough 101. When sowing, attention should be paid to controlling the density of the seeds to avoid being too dense or too sparse. Generally, according to the rice variety and the size of the planting bed body 1, sowing is carried out according to a reasonable planting density. The water source is turned on to allow the water to fully irrigate the soil in the planting trough 101. During the irrigation process, attention should be paid to observing the water flow to ensure that the soil in the entire planting trough 101 can be infiltrated by water, so that the soil moisture reaches a level suitable for the germination and initial growth of rice seeds. At the same time, through the initial irrigation, the fertilizer can be initially dissolved and distributed in the soil, providing the necessary moisture for seed germination. and nutrient conditions to promote the water absorption, expansion and germination of seeds. As the water flows in the water supply chamber 6011, the water drives the impeller 604 to rotate. The rotation of the impeller 604 is transmitted to the screw shaft 302 through the transmission shaft 603 and the gear transmission mechanism, so that the screw shaft 302 starts to rotate. During the rotation, the screw shaft 302 pushes the fertilizer in the fertilizer box 301 to the water supply chamber 6011 through the discharge barrel 3012. The fertilizer is transported to the planting trough 101 along with the water flow through the water supply pipe 2, realizing the process of automatic fertilization. In this process, the grower does not need to manually operate the fertilization, but only needs to ensure a stable supply of water. The equipment can automatically and accurately add fertilizer to the planting trough 101 according to the water flow conditions.

[0068] Example 2

[0069] See also Figure 1-Figure 13A method for using a planting bed body for planting rice in saline-alkali land comprises the following steps:

[0070] Step 1, installation preparation, place the planting bed at a pre-set position in the saline-alkali land, connect the water supply port 405 to the water source, fill the waste box with fertilizer, and fill the planting trough 101 with nutrient soil;

[0071] In the saline-alkali land, select an area with relatively flat and open terrain and a certain drainage slope as the installation location of the planting bed body 1, dig an installation pit corresponding to the size of the planting bed body 1 at the installation location, install the planting bed body 1 in the installation pit, use tools such as a level to ensure that after the planting bed is placed, its longitudinal and lateral slopes are between 0.5% and 1%, so that the water flow can be naturally guided during drainage to prevent water accumulation. Multiple people work together to carefully carry the planting bed body 1 to the selected location, place it according to the pre-planned layout, use a level ruler to check the levelness of the planting bed body 1, and keep the planting bed in a horizontal and stable state to avoid tilting, shaking, etc. in subsequent use, which will affect the normal operation of the equipment and rice growth;

[0072] Determine a reliable water source, such as a nearby river, well water, or treated saline-alkali land desalinated water, etc., supply water through a water pump, select two water supply pipes of appropriate diameter, generally select PVC pipes with an inner diameter of 20-30 mm according to the number and scale of the planting bed bodies 1, ensure that the water supply needs of the planting bed bodies 1 can be met, lay two water supply pipes reasonably along one side of the planting bed bodies 1 or according to the actual terrain, use pipe clamps to fix the pipes to the ground or supports, and set a pipe clamp every 1-1.5 meters to prevent the pipes from shifting or being damaged under the impact of water flow;

[0073] According to the nutritional needs of rice growth, select compound fertilizer with appropriate ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, or according to the results of soil fertility test, add appropriate amount of organic fertilizer and trace element fertilizer, sieve the fertilizer to remove large impurities and lumps, ensure that the fertilizer particles are uniform and loose, and facilitate the subsequent pushing of the spiral shaft 302, use a funnel to slowly pour the fertilizer into the fertilizer box 301, fill it to about 80% of the volume of the fertilizer box 301, and avoid overfilling to affect the normal flow of fertilizer and the rotation of the spiral shaft 302. After filling, close the sealing cover 3011 of the fertilizer box 301;

[0074] Prepare nutrient soil suitable for rice growth. Improved saline-alkali soil, humus soil, peat soil, etc. can be selected and mixed in a certain proportion. Add appropriate amount of biological fertilizer and soil conditioner 502, such as desulfurized gypsum, ferrous sulfate, etc., to the nutrient soil to reduce soil salinity, improve soil fertility and water retention. Fill the nutrient soil evenly into the planting groove 101, use a rake or other tools to gently rake it flat, so that the soil surface is flat and the thickness reaches about 20-25 cm, ensuring that the rice seeds have sufficient rooting depth and a good growth matrix. During the filling process, water the soil appropriately to moisten it, which is conducive to soil settlement and compaction, and provides a stable soil environment for seed germination and seedling growth.

[0075] Step 2: sowing and irrigation: sow rice seeds in the planting trough 101, open the water source, and fully irrigate the soil;

[0076] Select rice varieties suitable for planting in saline-alkali land, such as varieties with strong salt-alkali tolerance, good disease resistance and high yield, and pre-treat rice seeds, including steps such as drying seeds, selecting seeds, soaking seeds and disinfecting seeds. Dry the seeds for 1-2 days to improve the vitality of the seeds; remove shriveled seeds, diseased seeds and impurities by salt water selection or wind selection; soak the seeds with fungicides and growth regulators for 24-48 hours to disinfect and promote seed germination, and evenly sow the treated seeds in the planting trough 101 according to the predetermined planting density. After sowing, use a wooden board or a rake to gently cover a layer of 1-2 cm thick nutrient soil to ensure that the seeds are in full contact with the soil, which is conducive to the seeds absorbing water, germinating and taking root;

[0077] Open the water source valve and control the water flow speed to be moderate to avoid excessive water flow that scatters seeds or causes soil erosion. In the initial irrigation, ensure that the soil in the planting trough 101 is fully wetted so that the soil moisture content reaches about 70%-80% of the field water holding capacity. Generally, the irrigation time lasts 20-30 minutes, and the specific time can be adjusted according to the soil texture and the size of the planting bed.

[0078] Step 3, fertilization operation, when water flows in the water supply chamber 6011, it drives the impeller 604 to rotate, and the screw shaft 302 rotates through the transmission shaft 603 and the gear transmission, and the screw shaft 302 pushes the fertilizer in the fertilizer box 301 to the water supply chamber 6011 through the discharge cylinder 3012, and fertilizes the planting tank 101 with the water flow through the water supply pipe 2;

[0079] When water flows from the water source through the water supply pipe 2 into the water supply chamber 6011 of the planting bed body 1, the water flow impacts the impeller 604 to make it rotate. The impeller 604 is generally made of plastic or light metal material, with good hydraulic performance and rotation flexibility. Its blades are designed to a specific angle and shape to improve the energy conversion efficiency of the water flow. The first tooth bevel 6041 is installed on the central axis of the impeller 604, which is engaged with the second tooth bevel 6031 on the transmission shaft 603 to achieve power transmission. The second tooth bevel 6031 and the transmission shaft 603 are connected by a one-way bearing 6033 to ensure that the impeller 604 can only drive the transmission shaft 603 to rotate in one direction, avoiding the reverse interference of the transmission shaft 603 on the impeller 604 when fertilization is not needed. When water flows, the impeller 604 drives the transmission shaft 603 to rotate, thereby driving the spiral shaft 302 to rotate;

[0080] The spiral shaft 302 is made of stainless steel, with a smooth surface and a certain spiral angle, which is convenient for pushing the fertilizer smoothly. The guide plate 3013 at the bottom of the fertilizer box 301 is inclined toward the discharge barrel 3012 at a certain slope, so that the fertilizer can naturally gather near the feed port 30121 of the discharge barrel 3012. The inner diameter of the discharge barrel 3012 gradually decreases from the feed port 30121 end to the discharge port 30122 end, forming a certain compression ratio, which is helpful to compact and crush the fertilizer. The inner surface of the discharge barrel 3012 is evenly provided with serrated crushing gear rings. In the process of the spiral shaft 302 rotating to push the fertilizer, the fertilizer particles are further crushed, so that the dissolution speed is accelerated and the fertilization is more uniform. After the fertilizer enters the water supply chamber 6011 through the discharge port 30122 of the discharge barrel 3012, it is quickly mixed with the water flow, and is evenly sprayed in the planting trough 101 through the small holes on the water supply pipe 2 with the water flow, realizing precise fertilization.

[0081] Step 4: Adjust the water supply. Regularly observe the rice development status to adjust the state of the automatic opening and closing valve 4 to change the watering amount.

[0082] The valve core 401 of the automatic opening and closing valve 4 is at the bottom of the water flow cavity 4022 under the action of gravity, so that the water flow from the water supply port 405 can enter the water supply chamber 6011 normally. The height of the water storage flange 103 at the edge of the drainage hole 102 at the bottom of the planting trough 101 is generally set to 3-5 cm. When the water in the planting trough 101 reaches a certain height, the accumulated water enters the water storage chamber 6012 through the overflow hole 106, causing the float to float up. The float is generally made of lightweight plastic or foam material, with good buoyancy and stability. It is connected to the valve core 401 through the guide rod 4011 to ensure that the up and down movement of the float can accurately drive the valve core 401 to move;

[0083] When the amount of watering needs to be adjusted, such as when the water supply needs to be increased during the vigorous growth period of rice, the adjusting baffle 404 is rotated to the upper end of the ball head 40121, so that the ball head 40121 is stuck in the spherical groove 4042 on the lower end surface of the adjusting baffle 404. At this time, the automatic opening and closing valve 4 is normally open, and the water supply port 405 continuously supplies water; when the rice enters the maturity period or encounters continuous rainfall, the water supply needs to be reduced, the pressure rod 4012 is pulled upward, and then the adjusting baffle 404 is rotated so that the pressure rod 4012 passes through the slide groove 4043, and the ball head 40121 is stuck in the spherical groove 4042 on the upper end surface of the adjusting baffle 404, and the automatic opening and closing valve 4 remains normally closed, and only relies on natural evaporation in the planting trough 101 and rice transpiration to consume water. After the soil moisture drops to a certain level, the automatic opening and closing valve 4 is opened according to the actual situation to supply water. By flexibly and accurately adjusting the state of the automatic opening and closing valve 4, the most suitable moisture environment is provided for rice growth, the yield and quality of rice are improved, and at the same time, efficient use of water resources is achieved and planting costs are reduced.

[0084] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A planting bed for planting rice in saline-alkali land, comprising a planting bed body (1) and a water supply pipe (2), characterized in that: A fertilizer supply mechanism (3), an automatic opening and closing valve (4) and a transmission assembly (6) are arranged on the side of the planting bed body (1), and an improver slow-release plate (5) is arranged on the bottom of the planting bed body (1); The upper end surface of the planting bed body (1) is provided with a planting trough (101), the lower end surface of the planting bed body (1) is provided with an isolation plate (104), the bottom of the planting bed body (1) and the isolation plate (104) are both provided with drainage holes (102), the water supply pipe (2) is coiled at the bottom of the planting trough (101), and the upper end surface edge of the drainage hole (102) is provided with a water storage flange (103); The transmission assembly (6) comprises a water supply box (601), a partition (602), a transmission shaft (603), an impeller (604) and a shaft seat (605); the water supply box (601) is fixedly mounted on the side end surface of the planting bed body (1); the partition (602) is mounted in the water supply box (601) to divide it into two areas, namely a water supply chamber (6011) and a water storage chamber (6012); the impeller (604) is mounted in the water supply chamber (6011) and is rotatably connected to the water supply box (601); the shaft seat (605) is mounted on the side end surface of the water supply box (601); the transmission shaft (603) is inserted into the shaft seat (605) and is rotatably connected to the shaft seat; the impeller (604) is driven by the fertilizer supply mechanism (3) through the transmission shaft (603); The automatic opening and closing valve (4) comprises a valve core (401), a valve housing (402) and a float (403), and the automatic opening and closing valve (4) is installed in a transmission assembly (6); The fertilizer supply mechanism (3) comprises a fertilizer box (301) and a screw shaft (302), wherein the screw shaft (302) is installed at the bottom of the fertilizer box (301) and is rotatably connected thereto; The improver slow-release plate (5) comprises a water-permeable plate (501) and a soil improver (502).

2. A planting bed for growing rice in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side end surface of the water supply chamber (6011) is provided with a water inlet (1053) which is connected with the water supply pipe (2); the height of the upper end surface of the isolation plate (104) gradually decreases from the end close to the water supply port (405) to the end close to the water inlet (1053); a first toothed bevel (6041) is provided on the central axis of the impeller (604); a second toothed bevel (6031) meshing with the first toothed bevel (6041) is provided on the transmission shaft (603); a worm (6032) is fixedly mounted on the transmission shaft (603); and a worm wheel (3021) cooperating with the worm (6032) is provided on the central axis of the spiral shaft (302).

3. A planting bed for growing rice in saline-alkali land according to claim 2, characterized in that: The number of the impellers (604) is 3-5, and multiple groups of the impellers (604) are equidistantly installed in the water supply chamber (6011). The second toothed bevel (6031) and the transmission shaft (603) are rotatably connected via a one-way bearing (6033), and a locking bolt (6051) is provided on the side of the shaft seat (605).

4. A planting bed for growing rice in saline-alkali land as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: A material guide plate (3013) and a discharge barrel (3012) are provided at the bottom of the fertilizer box (301); the material guide plate (3013) is inclined toward the discharge barrel (3012); a feed port (30121) is provided at the upper end surface of the discharge barrel (3012); a discharge port (30122) is provided at the bottom of the discharge barrel (3012) away from the feed port (30121); and the sealing cover (3011) is rotatably connected to the fertilizer box (301) via a hinge.

5. A planting bed for growing rice in saline-alkali land according to claim 4, characterized in that: The inner diameter of the discharge barrel (3012) gradually decreases from the feed port (30121) end to the discharge port (30122) end, and the inner end surface of the discharge barrel (3012) is evenly provided with sawtooth rings (30123).

6. A planting bed for growing rice in saline-alkali land as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The bottom of the partition (602) is provided with an overflow hole (106), the water storage chamber (6012) and the planting trough (101) are connected through the overflow hole (106), the valve housing (402) is provided with a water flow chamber (4022), the upper end surface of the valve housing (402) is provided with a guide hole (4021) connected with the bottom, the valve core (401) is installed in the water flow chamber (4022) and is slidably connected thereto, the bottom of the valve core (401) is provided with a guide rod (4011) that cooperates with the guide hole (4021), and the guide rod (4011) is fixedly installed on the float, the height of the water flow chamber (4022) is twice the thickness of the valve core (401), the water supply port (405) is connected with the top of the side end surface of the water flow chamber (4022), and the diameter of the water supply port (405) is smaller than the thickness of the valve core (401).

7. A planting bed for growing rice in saline-alkali land according to claim 6, characterized in that: The top of the valve core (401) is provided with a pressure rod (4012), the bottom of the pressure rod (4012) is provided with a ball head (40121), the upper end surface of the water supply tank (601) is provided with an adjusting baffle (404), the lower end surface of the adjusting baffle (404) is provided with a rotating shaft (4041), the adjusting baffle (404) is rotatably connected to the water supply tank (601) via the rotating shaft (4041), the side of the adjusting baffle (404) is provided with a slide groove (4043) that slidably cooperates with the pressure rod (4012), and the top and bottom of the slide groove (4043) are both provided with spherical grooves (4042) that cooperate with the ball head (40121).

8. A planting bed for growing rice in saline-alkali land according to claim 7, characterized in that: The upper end surface of the overflow hole (106) is flush with the upper end surface of the water storage flange (103), and the overflow hole (106) is filled with a sponge strip (1061).

9. A planting bed for growing rice in saline-alkali land according to claim 8, characterized in that: The water-permeable plate (501) is made of coconut fiber pressed together, and the soil conditioner (502) is made of a mixture of desulfurized gypsum, humic acid, ferrous sulfate, attapulgite and polyvinyl alcohol.

10. A method for using a planting bed body for planting rice in saline-alkali land, applicable to the planting bed for planting rice in saline-alkali land as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1, installation preparation, placing the planting bed at a pre-set position in the saline-alkali land, connecting the water supply port (405) to the water source, filling the waste box with fertilizer, and filling the planting trough (101) with nutrient soil; Step 2: sowing and irrigation: sow rice seeds in the planting trough (101), open the water source, and fully irrigate the soil; Step 3, fertilization operation, when water flows in the water supply chamber (6011), it drives the impeller (604) to rotate, and the screw shaft (302) rotates through the transmission shaft (603) and the gear transmission, and the screw shaft (302) pushes the fertilizer in the fertilizer box (301) to the water supply chamber (6011) through the discharge cylinder (3012), and the fertilizer is applied to the planting trough (101) along with the water flow through the water supply pipe (2); Step 4: Adjust the water supply. Regularly observe the rice growth status to adjust the state of the automatic opening and closing valve (4) to change the watering amount.

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