Edible fungus cultivation material as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of edible mushroom cultivation, and particularly relates to an edible mushroom cultivation material and a preparation method and application thereof. According to the edible fungus cultivation material, the straw, the woody plant branches and the corncobs are treated through the squeezing, cutting and kneading processing technology, straw sections, woody plant branch sections and corncob particles obtained through treatment serve as raw materials, the raw materials are compounded with bran, oxytetracycline residues, phosphate fertilizer, gypsum and lime, and the obtained edible fungus cultivation material is beneficial to permeation of water and has the effect of improving the yield of edible fungi. The contact area with fermentation microorganisms is enlarged, and fermentation and absorption and utilization of hyphae on nutrient substances are promoted; wax layers on the surfaces of the straws or branches can be destroyed, and water absorption of the compost and entering of hyphae are facilitated. According to the edible mushroom cultivation material, the bottle filling time of edible mushroom hyphae can be shortened, the hypha growth speed is increased, hypha growth is improved, hyphae are fluffy, the color is pure white, the growth vigor is extremely good, the incidence rate of infectious microbes in the mushroom cultivation period is low, fruiting is neat, the commodity is obviously improved, and the edible mushroom cultivation material has a certain popularization value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation, and specifically relates to an edible fungus cultivation material and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Edible fungi (edible fungus) refers to large fungi with large fruiting bodies that can be eaten, commonly known as mushrooms. Edible fungi are high in protein and low in fat. They contain mushroom polysaccharides, multiple amino acids and mineral elements. They are rich in nutrition and delicious, and are deeply loved. According to statistics, there are more than 2,000 edible fungi in the world, and the number of known edible fungi in China is nearly 950. About 100 species can be cultivated artificially, of which about 20 species can be cultivated on a large scale.

[0003] During the growth of edible fungi, high humidity and slightly high temperature will induce various bacteria contamination, seriously affecting the quality and yield of various edible fungi. The composition and nutrient content of the culture medium seriously affect the quality and yield of various edible fungi. Traditional edible fungi cultivation mainly relies on cottonseed hulls, crop straw, miscellaneous wood chips, etc. The sources are limited and cannot meet the growth needs of edible fungi. The mycelium grows slowly, the incidence of bacteria is high, and the yield and quality of edible fungi are poor. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an edible fungus cultivation material and a preparation method and application thereof, which can shorten the time for mycelium to fill the bottle during the cultivation of edible fungi, increase the mycelium growth rate, and reduce the incidence of foreign bacteria during the cultivation process. The obtained edible fungus mycelium is fluffy, white in color, has excellent growth potential, and produces mushrooms in an orderly manner, thereby improving the yield and quality of edible fungi.

[0005] The present invention provides an edible fungus cultivation material, the raw materials of which include main ingredients, phosphate fertilizer, gypsum and lime;

[0006] The main ingredients include 38-40wt.% of straw segments, 12wt.% of bran, 10-30wt.% of woody plant branch segments, 10-30wt.% of corncob particles and 8wt.% of oxytetracycline residues;

[0007] The mass ratio of the main material, phosphate fertilizer, gypsum and lime is 100:1:1:1;

[0008] The woody plant branch segments are obtained by crushing the woody plant branches through the steps of squeezing, cutting and kneading;

[0009] The straw segments are obtained by crushing the straw through the steps of squeezing, cutting and kneading;

[0010] The corncob particles are obtained by crushing the corncobs through the steps of squeezing, cutting and kneading.

[0011] Preferably, the particle size of the woody plant branch segments is >4 cm and ≤6 cm.

[0012] Preferably, the main material is composed of 40wt.% of straw segments, 12wt.% of bran, 20wt.% of woody plant branch segments, 20wt.% of corn cob particles and 8wt.% of oxytetracycline residues;

[0013] Or it is composed of 40wt.% of straw segments, 12wt.% of bran, 10wt.% of woody plant branch segments, 30wt.% of corncob particles and 8wt.% of oxytetracycline residues;

[0014] Or it is composed of 40wt.% of straw segments, 12wt.% of bran, 30wt.% of woody plant branch segments, 10wt.% of corn cob particles and 8wt.% of oxytetracycline residues.

[0015] Preferably, the woody plant branch segments include one or more of grape branches, jujube branches, apricot branches and Malus octagonalis branches.

[0016] Preferably, the particle size of the straw segment is greater than 4 cm and less than or equal to 6 cm; and the particle size of the corn cob particle is 12 to 16 mm.

[0017] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the edible fungus cultivation material described in the above technical solution, comprising the following steps:

[0018] After the raw materials are mixed, the mixed raw materials are subjected to a first sterilization treatment using 12 to 20 mg / L of ozone water to obtain a first sterilized cultivation material;

[0019] The first sterilization cultivation material is subjected to a second sterilization treatment by using high-temperature and high-pressure steam, and after cooling, the edible fungus cultivation material is obtained.

[0020] Preferably, the water content of the first sterilization cultivation material is 60-70%;

[0021] Preferably, the second sterilization treatment has a pressure of 0.105 MPa, a temperature of 121° C., and a time of 2 h.

[0022] The present invention also provides application of the edible fungus cultivation material described in the above technical solution in edible fungus cultivation.

[0023] Preferably, the edible fungus is a wood-rotting fungus.

[0024] Beneficial effects:

[0025] The present invention utilizes the processing technology of "squeezing, cutting and kneading" to process straw, woody plant branches and corn cobs respectively, and uses the processed straw segments, woody plant branch segments and corn cob particles as raw materials, and compounding with bran, oxytetracycline residues, phosphate fertilizer, gypsum and lime. The obtained edible fungus cultivation material is conducive to the infiltration of water, expands the contact area with fermentation microorganisms, promotes fermentation and the absorption and utilization of nutrients by mycelium; it can destroy the wax layer on the surface of straw or branches, which is conducive to the water absorption of the cultivation material and the entry of mycelium. The results of the embodiment show that the use of the edible fungus cultivation material provided by the present invention can shorten the time for edible fungus mycelium to fill the bottle, increase the growth rate of mycelium, and the obtained edible fungus mycelium is fluffy, white in color and has excellent growth potential, and the incidence rate of miscellaneous bacteria during the cultivation period is reduced. The mushrooms are neatly grown, and the commercial quality is significantly improved compared with the traditional cultivation material preparation process, and it has certain promotion value.

[0026] Furthermore, the present invention utilizes 12-20 mg / L ozone water to sterilize and disinfect raw materials, which can inhibit the growth of most microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses, and can be easily decomposed into oxygen and water, without other pollution and side effects, and there is no secondary pollution, which inhibits the occurrence of miscellaneous bacteria. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments are briefly introduced below.

[0028] Figure 1 This is Application Example 3, which shows the mycelium growth status of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivated using different edible fungus cultivation materials for 25 days. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The present invention provides an edible fungus cultivation material, the raw materials of which include main ingredients, phosphate fertilizer, gypsum and lime;

[0030] The main ingredients include 38-40wt.% of straw segments, 12wt.% of bran, 10-30wt.% of woody plant branch segments, 10-30wt.% of corncob particles and 8wt.% of oxytetracycline residues;

[0031] The mass ratio of the main material, phosphate fertilizer, gypsum and lime is 100:1:1:1;

[0032] The woody plant branch segments are obtained by crushing the woody plant branches through the steps of squeezing, cutting and kneading;

[0033] The straw segments are obtained by crushing the straw through the steps of squeezing, cutting and kneading;

[0034] The corncob particles are obtained by crushing the corncobs through the steps of squeezing, cutting and kneading.

[0035] In the present invention, the main material of the edible fungus cultivation material includes 10-30wt.%, preferably 20wt.% of woody plant branch segments. The woody plant branch segments of the present invention are obtained by crushing woody plant branches through the steps of squeezing, cutting and kneading; the particle size of the woody plant branch segments is preferably >4cm and ≤6cm. The woody plant branch segments of the present invention preferably include one or more of grape branches, jujube branches, apricot branches and Malus octagonalis branches, and are further preferably grape branches.

[0036] In the present invention, the main material of the edible fungus cultivation material includes 38-40wt.% of straw segments. The straw segments of the present invention are preferably corn straw segments. The particle size of the straw segments of the present invention is preferably >4cm and ≤6cm.

[0037] In the present invention, the main ingredient of the edible fungus cultivation material includes 10-30wt.%, preferably 20wt.% of corn cob particles. The particle size of the corn cob particles of the present invention is preferably 12-16mm.

[0038] The present invention utilizes the steps of squeezing, cutting and kneading to process woody plants, straws and corn cobs to a certain length or particle size. Compared with the traditional crushing process (directly cutting or crushing and granulating), the powder material generation can be reduced during the processing, and the branch segments and particles can have fine cracks that cannot be detected. The present invention crushes woody plant branches, straws and corn cobs through the steps of squeezing, cutting and kneading, which facilitates the entry of water, expands the contact area with fermentation microorganisms, and promotes fermentation and mycelium to absorb and utilize nutrients.

[0039] In the present invention, the main material of the edible fungus cultivation material includes 8wt.% of oxytetracycline residues. The oxytetracycline residues of the present invention are purchased from Teyi Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd.

[0040] In the present invention, the main material of the edible fungus cultivation material includes 12 wt.% of bran. The present invention has no strict requirement on the particle size of the bran, and it can be processed according to the conventions in the art.

[0041] In the present invention, the raw material of the edible fungus cultivation material includes phosphate fertilizer; the mass ratio of the main material of the edible fungus cultivation material to the phosphate fertilizer is 100: 1. The phosphate fertilizer of the present invention is purchased from Stanley Agricultural Group Co., Ltd.

[0042] In the present invention, the raw material of the edible fungus cultivation material includes gypsum, and the mass ratio of the main material of the edible fungus cultivation material to the gypsum is 100: 1. The present invention has no strict requirements on the particle size of the gypsum, and it can be processed according to the conventions in the art.

[0043] In the present invention, the raw material of the edible fungus cultivation material includes lime, and the mass ratio of the main material of the edible fungus cultivation material to the lime is 100: 1. The present invention has no strict requirements on the particle size of the lime, and it can be processed according to the conventions in the art.

[0044] In an embodiment of the present invention, the main ingredient is preferably composed of 40wt.% of straw segments, 12wt.% of bran, 20wt.% of woody plant branch segments, 20wt.% of corn cob particles and 8wt.% of oxytetracycline residues, or preferably consists of 40wt.% of straw segments, 12wt.% of bran, 30wt.% of woody plant branch segments, 10wt.% of corn cob particles and 8wt.% of oxytetracycline residues, or preferably consists of 40wt.% of straw segments, 12wt.% of bran, 10wt.% of woody plant branch segments, 30wt.% of corn cob particles and 8wt.% of oxytetracycline residues.

[0045] The raw materials of the present invention are widely available and low in price, and the secondary utilization of agricultural and forestry wastes is realized, and waste is turned into treasure. Pollution and damage to the environment caused by straw burning are also avoided, and the resource utilization of straw, corn cobs, woody plant branches, and Chinese medicine residues is realized, and the added value of agriculture and forestry is improved. The straw, woody plant branches, and corn cobs are processed respectively by using the "squeezing, cutting, and kneading" processing technology, and the processed straw segments, woody plant branch segments, and corn cob particles are used as raw materials, and compounded with bran, oxytetracycline residues, phosphate fertilizer, gypsum, and lime. The obtained edible fungus cultivation material is conducive to the infiltration of water, expands the contact area with fermentation microorganisms, and promotes fermentation and the absorption and utilization of nutrients by mycelium; the wax layer on the surface of the straw or branches can be destroyed, which is conducive to the water absorption of the culture material and the entry of mycelium.

[0046] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the edible fungus cultivation material described in the above technical solution, comprising the following steps:

[0047] After the raw materials are mixed, the mixed raw materials are subjected to a first sterilization treatment using 12 to 20 mg / L of ozone water to obtain a first sterilized cultivation material;

[0048] The first sterilization cultivation material is subjected to a second sterilization treatment by using high-temperature and high-pressure steam, and after cooling, the edible fungus cultivation material is obtained.

[0049] The present invention preferably performs water immersion treatment on the raw materials respectively, drains the water after absorbing water saturation, and obtains the raw materials after water immersion treatment. The water immersion treatment method of the present invention preferably includes soaking the raw materials in water for 24 to 48 hours, more preferably soaking for 30 to 45 hours, and more preferably soaking for 35 to 40 hours. The present invention has no strict requirements on the amount of water used, and it is appropriate to immerse the raw materials.

[0050] After obtaining the raw materials after water immersion treatment, the present invention mixes the raw materials after water immersion treatment, and uses 12-20 mg / L ozone water to perform a first sterilization treatment on the mixed raw materials to obtain a first sterilization cultivation material. In the present invention, the concentration of the ozone water is preferably 15-18 mg / L; the water content of the first sterilization cultivation material is preferably 60-70%, and water drops flow out between the fingers when the first sterilization cultivation material is held in the hand. The present invention has no strict requirements on the amount of the ozone water used, and the water content of the cultivation material after mixing can reach 65-70%.

[0051] The present invention utilizes 12-20 mg / L ozone water to sterilize and disinfect raw materials, which can inhibit the growth of most microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, etc., and can be easily decomposed into oxygen and water, without other pollution and side effects, and there is no secondary pollution, which inhibits the occurrence rate of miscellaneous bacteria.

[0052] After obtaining the first sterilized cultivation material, the present invention uses high-temperature and high-pressure steam to perform a second sterilization treatment on the first sterilized cultivation material, and after cooling, the edible fungus cultivation material is obtained. In the present invention, the pressure of the second sterilization treatment is preferably 0.105MPa, the temperature is preferably 121°C, and the time is preferably 2h.

[0053] The present invention also provides the use of the edible fungus cultivation material described in the above technical solution in the cultivation of edible fungi. In the present invention, the edible fungi are preferably wood-decaying fungi; the wood-decaying fungi preferably include shiitake mushrooms and / or oyster mushrooms. The edible fungus cultivation material provided by the present invention can improve the cultivation effect of edible fungi, especially wood-decaying fungi. The results of the embodiments show that the use of the edible fungus cultivation material provided by the present invention can shorten the time for edible fungus mycelium to fill the bottle, increase the mycelium growth rate, and the obtained edible fungus mycelium is fluffy, white in color and has excellent growth potential. The incidence of foreign bacteria during the cultivation period is low, the mushrooms are neatly grown, and the commercial quality is significantly improved compared with the traditional culture material preparation process, and it has certain promotion value.

[0054] In order to further illustrate the present invention, an edible fungus cultivation material provided by the present invention and its preparation method and application are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0055] Example 1

[0056] A preparation method of edible fungus cultivation material

[0057] (1) Raw material preparation

[0058] The raw materials for preparing edible fungus cultivation materials are composed of main materials, phosphate fertilizer, lime and gypsum; wherein the mass ratio of the main materials, phosphate fertilizer, lime and gypsum is 100:1:1:1; the main materials are composed of 40wt.% of corn stalks, 30wt.% of corn cobs, 12wt.% of bran, 10wt.% of grape branches and 8wt.% of oxytetracycline residues;

[0059] The length of the grape branches is greater than 4 cm and less than or equal to 6 cm, and the grape branches without diseases and insect pests are crushed by a crusher through a process of "squeezing, cutting and kneading". During the crushing process, attention is paid to making the branches more fibrous as much as possible, and the branches are in a state of being cracked but not opened, and the mesh number of the sieve is controlled to be about 80 to 100;

[0060] The size of corn stalks is >4 cm and ≤6 cm;

[0061] The corn cobs are crushed and sieved by a crusher through the process of "squeezing, cutting and kneading". The mesh number of the sieve is not more than 200 meshes, and particles of 12-16 mm are selected;

[0062] The size of the bran should be such that it can pass through a 200-mesh sieve;

[0063] The size of lime should be such that it can pass through a 200-mesh sieve;

[0064] The size of the gypsum should be such that it can pass through a 200-mesh sieve;

[0065] (2) Water immersion treatment

[0066] Soak accurately weighed corn stalks, corn cobs, bran, grape branches, and oxytetracycline residues in purified water for about 24-48 hours. The amount of purified water used should be enough to immerse the raw materials. After they are saturated with water, remove them and drain.

[0067] (3) Mixing of cultivation raw materials

[0068] The main cultivation materials treated by water immersion in step (2) are poured into a mixer and stirred by rotation, and at the same time, phosphate fertilizer, lime and gypsum are poured in and mixed evenly.

[0069] (4) Initial sterilization

[0070] High concentration ozone water (20 mg / L ozone water is prepared and quickly diluted to ensure a concentration of 16 mg / L) is injected into the mixer, and the mixer is rotated and stirred to ensure the sterilization effect of the ozone water while adjusting the moisture content of the culture medium to 65-70%.

[0071] (5) Secondary sterilization

[0072] The raw materials sterilized for the first time were put into mushroom cultivation bags and sterilized for the second time using high temperature and high pressure steam at a pressure of 0.105 MPa, a temperature of 121°C, and a time of 2 hours. After cooling, edible mushroom cultivation materials with a natural pH were obtained for subsequent inoculation.

[0073] Application Example 1

[0074] Using the edible fungus cultivation material of Example 1, referring to the prior art (Zhu Mantang. Off-season layered cultivation technology of Pleurotus ostreatus [J]. Edible Fungi, 2022, 44(05): 39-40+43), the stropharia was cultivated by adopting the mushroom shed layered cultivation method.

[0075] Cultivation effect: After cultivation with the edible mushroom cultivation material of Example 1, the time for the mycelium of Stropharia to fill the bottle was shortened, the mycelium growth rate reached 4.37mm / d, the mycelium was velvety, white in color and had excellent growth potential, and the incidence of foreign bacteria during the cultivation period was less than 12.6%. Mushrooms began to fruit 30 days after sowing, and the fruiting was relatively neat, with the largest single mushroom weight of 80.6 grams and the average single mushroom weight of 65.6 grams. The maximum diameter of the mushroom cap was 5.6cm and the average was 4.5cm. It took about 6 days from budding to maturity of the fruiting body, and 4 waves of mushrooms could be harvested, with an average yield of 9.3kg / m 2 , the maximum output is 12.4kg / m 2 The surface of the Stropharia officinalis is smooth and clean, and its commercial quality has been significantly improved, which has certain promotion value.

[0076] Example 2

[0077] The same as Example 1, the only difference is that the main ingredients are composed of 40wt.% corn stalks, 20wt.% corn cobs, 12wt.% bran, 20wt.% grape branches and 8wt.% oxytetracycline residues.

[0078] Example 3

[0079] The same as Example 1, the only difference is that the main ingredients are composed of 40wt.% corn stalks, 10wt.% corn cobs, 12wt.% bran, 30wt.% grape branches and 8wt.% oxytetracycline residues.

[0080] Comparative Example 1

[0081] The same as Example 1, the only difference is that the main ingredients are composed of 40wt.% corn stalks, 40wt.% corn cobs, 12wt.% bran and 8wt.% oxytetracycline residues, that is, no grape branches are included.

[0082] Application Example 2

[0083] From April 2023 to July 2023, in the edible fungus laboratory of Hebei North College in Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province, the edible fungus cultivation materials obtained in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1 were used to cultivate Pleurotus ostreatus, respectively, and the changes in mycelial growth during the cultivation stage were observed; 10 bottles were randomly selected from each treatment, and the time required to fill the bottle and the mycelial length when the bottle was full were recorded, the mycelial growth rate was calculated, and the shape, color and density of the mycelium were observed. The results are shown in Table 1, among which the mycelial growth state of Pleurotus ostreatus after 25 days of cultivation is as follows Figure 1 shown.

[0084] Table 1 Effects of different edible fungus cultivation materials on the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium

[0085]

[0086] Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences at the 0.05 level; + indicates dense mycelium; ++ indicates relatively dense mycelium; +++ indicates very dense mycelium, the same below.

[0087] according to Figure 1 As can be seen from Table 1, adding grape branches can shorten the time for mycelium to fill the bottle, with A and B only needing 30 days, C only needing 31 days, and the control needing 37 days, showing significant differences. The mycelium length also showed significant differences from the control, and among the A, B, and C cultivation materials, the mycelium treated with A cultivation material was the longest, reaching 4.37 mm, but there was no significant difference among the three cultivation materials; the mycelium growth rate and mycelium length showed the same pattern, both of which were significantly different from the control, with A cultivation material reaching 0.146 mm / d, but there was no significant difference among the three treatments. Using mycelium growth rate and other indicators as indicators, it can be seen that adding grape branches can significantly increase mycelium growth rate and bottle-filling time, and grape branch scraps are conducive to the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium, with A cultivation material being the best. The shape of mycelium in the A, B, and C cultivation materials was consistent with that in the control, all of which were fluffy; the color of the control was gray, while the A, B, and C cultivation materials were all whiter; their mycelium density was denser than that of the control, and the A cultivation material treatment performed the best. With the extension of the culture time, the mycelium of the A cultivation material treated with the Pleurotus ostreatus basically filled the entire cultivation bottle at 25 days, the B cultivation material treatment filled half of the cultivation bottle, the control reached 1 / 3, and the C cultivation material treatment also filled 1 / 4, but the C treatment grew very fast in the later period, and had already filled the entire cultivation bottle at 31 days, only 1 day slower than the A and B treatments. Although the growth rate of the B treatment was slower than that of the A treatment in the early stage, it was also faster in the later period, and filled the cultivation bottle at the same time as the A treatment. The growth rate and morphology of the Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium can be improved to a certain extent by adding grape branches to the edible fungus cultivation material, indicating that the grape branches have a very obvious promoting effect on the growth of the Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium.

[0088] Comparative Example 2

[0089] Same as Example 1, except that the length of the grape branch is ≤4 cm.

[0090] Comparative Example 3

[0091] Same as Example 1, except that the length of the grape branch is greater than 6 cm and less than or equal to 8 cm.

[0092] Comparative Example 4

[0093] Same as Example 1, the only difference is that the length of the grape branch is greater than 8 cm.

[0094] Comparative Example 5

[0095] The same as Example 1, the only difference is that the grape branches and corn cobs are crushed by the traditional crushing process instead of the "squeezing, cutting and kneading" process to obtain grape branch segments and corn cob particles.

[0096] Application Example 3

[0097] From September 2023 to January 2024, in the edible fungi laboratory of Hebei North University in Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province, the edible fungi cultivation materials obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 2 to 5 were used to cultivate Pleurotus ostreatus, and the changes in mycelium growth during the cultivation stage were observed. Ten bottles were randomly selected from each treatment, and the time required to fill the bottle and the mycelium length when the bottle was full were recorded. The mycelium growth rate was calculated, and the shape, color and density of the mycelium were observed. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0098] Table 2 Effects of different edible fungus cultivation materials on the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium

[0099]

[0100] According to Table 2, the full-bottle time of Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium was significantly shortened by the "squeezing, cutting, and kneading" process compared with the traditional process, and the mycelium length and mycelium growth rate were significantly different from the traditional process; and the mycelium was fluffy, but grayish white and not very dense. The grape branches were torn into pieces by the "squeezing, cutting, and kneading" process, and the mycelium was classified according to the length of the branch segments. It was found that when the length of the branch segments was between 4<d≤6cm, the full-bottle time of Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium was the shortest, only 28 days, and there was only a significant difference with formula 5. The mycelium length reached 4.57cm, and there was a significant difference with other treatments. The results showed that the "squeezing, cutting, and kneading" process tore the branches into pieces increased the possibility of water entering the culture medium, which was also conducive to the mycelium eating the culture medium and absorbing and utilizing its nutrients during the growth of the mycelium. The length of 4<d≤6cm was more conducive to the realization of the above conditions and was the optimal branch segment length.

[0101] Example 4

[0102] The same as Example 1, the only difference is that during the initial sterilization, the 20 mg / L ozone water is prepared without dilution and sterilized using the original concentration.

[0103] Example 5

[0104] The same as Example 1, the only difference is that during the initial sterilization, the 20 mg / L ozone water is prepared and then quickly diluted to ensure a concentration of 12 mg / L.

[0105] Comparative Example 6

[0106] The same as Example 1, the only difference is that during the initial sterilization, the 20 mg / L ozone water is prepared and then quickly diluted to ensure a concentration of 8 mg / L.

[0107] Comparative Example 7

[0108] The same as Example 1, the only difference is that during the initial sterilization, the 20 mg / L ozone water is prepared and then quickly diluted to ensure a concentration of 4 mg / L.

[0109] Comparative Example 8

[0110] Same as Example 1, the only difference is that during the initial sterilization, ozone water is replaced by distilled water.

[0111] Application Example 4

[0112] From March 2024 to July 2024, in the edible fungus laboratory of Hebei North College in Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province, the edible fungus cultivation materials obtained in Examples 1, 4, 5 and Comparative Examples 6 to 8 were used to cultivate Pleurotus ostreatus, and the changes in mycelium growth during the culture stage were observed; 10 bottles were randomly selected from each treatment, and the mycelium growth rate after 14 days of cultivation, the time required to fill the bottle, and the incidence of miscellaneous bacteria were recorded, and the mycelium density was observed. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0113] Table 3 Effects of different edible fungus cultivation materials on the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium

[0114]

[0115]

[0116] According to Table 3, the use of ozone for primary sterilization combined with high-pressure sterilization for secondary sterilization shortened the full bag time of Pleurotus ostreatus except for treatment B, but the shortening effect was not very obvious. However, the mycelium growth rate, the incidence of foreign bacteria and the growth of mycelium showed very obvious changes. There were significant differences between the treatments using ozone for sterilization and the control. As the concentration of ozone water decreased, the growth rate of Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium increased first and then slowed down, and the incidence of foreign bacteria also showed the same trend. With 12 mg / L as the boundary, when the concentration of ozone water was greater than this value, there was no significant difference between the growth rate of Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium and the incidence of foreign bacteria, and the mycelium of Pleurotus ostreatus grew well, was white in color, dense, and performed very well. When the concentration of ozone water was less than 12 mg / L, the growth performance of each index was better than the control, but there was a significant difference with the above concentration. In summary, the initial sterilization of the culture medium with ozone water ≥12 mg / L has a significant promoting effect on the mycelium growth of edible fungi such as Pleurotus ostreatus, and also has a significant promoting effect on the subsequent mushroom quality and yield.

[0117] Example 6

[0118] Same as Example 1, except that the main ingredients are composed of 40wt.% corn stalks, 30wt.% corn cobs, 12wt.% bran, 10wt.% jujube sawdust and 8wt.% oxytetracycline residues;

[0119] The length of the jujube wood chips is greater than 4 cm and less than or equal to 6 cm. Specifically, the jujube wood chips are obtained by crushing pest-free grape branches using a crusher through a "squeezing, cutting, and kneading" process; wherein, the crushing process is to make the branches more fibrous as much as possible and to keep the branches in a cracked but not open state, and the mesh number of the sieve is controlled to be about 80 to 100. Other main processing methods are consistent with Example 1.

[0120] Application Example 5

[0121] The edible fungus cultivation material of Example 6 was used to cultivate Pleurotus ostreatus (Pleurotus ostreatus) in a bag-type layered raw material cultivation method.

[0122] Cultivation effect: After cultivation with the edible mushroom cultivation material of Example 6, in the mushroom cultivation stage, the mycelium of Pleurotus ostreatus is white in color, dense in texture, and villi-shaped in distribution. The mycelium growth rate reaches 5.63mm / d, and the incidence of assorted bacteria is less than 10%. The mycelium is full of mushroom bags in 33 days, and mushrooms begin to fruit after 40 days. The fruiting is neat, and each bag can harvest up to 5kg of fresh mushrooms, an average of 3.2kg. Each crop of mushrooms is about 2 weeks, and 5 crops can be produced. The yield per mu can reach 20,000kg, or even more. The surface of the mushroom body is smooth and tidy, and has the aroma of jujube wood. The commerciality is significantly improved compared with the edible mushroom cultivation material of Comparative Example 1, and has certain promotion value.

[0123] Example 7

[0124] Same as Example 1, except that the main ingredients are composed of 40wt.% corn stalks, 30wt.% corn cobs, 12wt.% bran, 10wt.% Malus octyldophylla branches and 8wt.% oxytetracycline residues;

[0125] The length of the Malus octagonalis branch is greater than 4 cm and less than or equal to 6 cm. Specifically, the pest-free grape branches are crushed by a crusher through a "squeezing, cutting, and kneading" process; wherein, the crushing process is to make the branches more fibrous as much as possible and the branches are in a cracked but not open state, and the mesh number of the sieve is controlled to be about 80 to 100. Other main processing methods are consistent with Example 1.

[0126] Application Example 6

[0127] Using the edible fungus cultivation material of Example 7, referring to the prior art (Zhu Mantang. Off-season layered cultivation technology of Pleurotus ostreatus [J]. Edible Fungi, 2022, 44(05): 39-40+43), Pleurotus ostreatus was cultivated by adopting the mushroom shed layered cultivation method.

[0128] Cultivation effect: After cultivation with the edible fungus cultivation material of Example 7, the mycelium growth rate reaches 6.37mm / d, the mycelium is fluffy, white in color and has excellent growth potential, and the incidence of assorted bacteria during the cultivation period is lower than 11.4%. The mycelium is full in 24 days, and the mushrooms begin to fruit after 28 days of sowing. The fruiting is relatively neat, and each bag can harvest up to 4.8kg of fresh mushrooms, an average of 3.7kg. Each crop of mushrooms is about 2 weeks, and 5 crops can be produced. The yield per mu can reach 20,000kg, or even more. The surface of the mushroom body is smooth and tidy, and has the aroma of crabapple fruit wood. The commerciality is significantly improved compared with the preparation process of the edible fungus cultivation material of Comparative Example 1, and has certain promotion value.

[0129] It can be seen from the above content that the edible fungus cultivation material provided by the present invention can shorten the time it takes for edible fungus mycelium to fill the bottle, increase the mycelium growth rate, and reduce the incidence of foreign bacteria during the cultivation process. The obtained edible fungus mycelium is fluffy, white in color, has excellent growth potential, and produces mushrooms in an orderly manner, thereby improving the yield and quality of edible fungi.

[0130] Although the above embodiment describes the present invention in detail, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. People can also obtain other embodiments based on this embodiment without creativity, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An edible fungus cultivation material, characterized in that: The raw materials of the edible fungus cultivation material include main ingredients, phosphate fertilizer, gypsum and lime; The main ingredients include 38-40wt.% of straw segments, 12wt.% of bran, 10-30wt.% of woody plant branch segments, 10-30wt.% of corncob particles and 8wt.% of oxytetracycline residues; The mass ratio of the main material, phosphate fertilizer, gypsum and lime is 100:1:1:1; The woody plant branch segments are obtained by crushing the woody plant branches through the steps of squeezing, cutting and kneading; The straw segments are obtained by crushing the straw through the steps of squeezing, cutting and kneading; The corncob particles are obtained by crushing the corncobs through the steps of squeezing, cutting and kneading.

2. The edible fungus cultivation material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the woody plant branch is greater than 4 cm and less than or equal to 6 cm.

3. The edible fungus cultivation material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The main material is composed of 40wt.% of straw segments, 12wt.% of bran, 20wt.% of woody plant branch segments, 20wt.% of corncob particles and 8wt.% of oxytetracycline residues; Or it is composed of 40wt.% of straw segments, 12wt.% of bran, 10wt.% of woody plant branch segments, 30wt.% of corncob particles and 8wt.% of oxytetracycline residues; Or it is composed of 40wt.% of straw segments, 12wt.% of bran, 30wt.% of woody plant branch segments, 10wt.% of corn cob particles and 8wt.% of oxytetracycline residues.

4. The edible fungus cultivation material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The woody plant branch segments include one or more of grape branches, jujube branches, apricot branches and Malus octagonalis branches.

5. The edible fungus cultivation material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the straw segment is greater than 4 cm and less than or equal to 6 cm; the particle size of the corn cob particle is between 12 mm and 16 mm.

6. The method for preparing the edible fungus cultivation material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The steps include: After the raw materials are mixed, the mixed raw materials are subjected to a first sterilization treatment using 12 to 20 mg / L of ozone water to obtain a first sterilized cultivation material; The first sterilization cultivation material is subjected to a second sterilization treatment by using high-temperature and high-pressure steam, and after cooling, the edible fungus cultivation material is obtained.

7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The water content of the first sterilization cultivation material is 60-70%.

8. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The second sterilization treatment was performed under a pressure of 0.105 MPa, a temperature of 121° C., and a time of 2 h.

9. Use of the edible fungus cultivation material according to any one of claims 1 to 5 or the edible fungus cultivation material obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 6 to 8 in edible fungus cultivation.

10. The use according to claim 9, characterized in that: The edible fungus is a wood-rotting fungus.

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