Xinjiang open field watermelon-summer corn interplanting cultivation method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, and particularly discloses a Xinjiang open field watermelon-summer corn interplanting cultivation method which comprises the steps of preparation before sowing, sowing, field management of open field watermelon interplanting summer corn, watermelon and corn symbiotic period management, corn growth period management and the like. According to the method, a small arched shed is built after watermelon sowing, corn is sown without germination and is in a dormant state after the small arched shed is removed, watermelon growth is not affected, watermelon seedlings are not damaged due to later sowing operation, light and heat resources and land resources after watermelon harvesting are fully utilized, and normal corn in one season can be harvested.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, and in particular relates to a Xinjiang open-field watermelon-summer corn interplanting cultivation method. Background Art

[0002] my country is a major producer and seller of watermelons. Xinjiang's large temperature difference between day and night, long sunshine hours, and unique dry and hot climate provide a good environment for the growth of watermelons, creating the unique sweet and juicy flavor of watermelons. However, with the rapid development of the watermelon industry and consumers' pursuit of watermelon quality, the traditional watermelon-keeping model has gradually changed from multiple watermelons to single watermelons, which has invisibly ended the watermelon harvesting work in advance. In late July, the open-field watermelons were basically harvested. The disadvantages of this model are: 1. Subsequently, the watermelon fields will choose to re-sow short-season vegetables or crops such as cabbage, but the growth period of re-sowed crops is not only affected by the weather but also by human interference. For example, in years when watermelon prices are good, melon farmers will choose to keep the second crop of watermelons and sow them late or not re-sow them. In years when watermelon prices are low, they will choose to sow them early or directly abandon them. No matter which choice is made, it is either a waste of light, heat and land resources or it affects the growth of subsequent crops; 2. If the corn is sown too early, the probability of early germination will increase, and if the sowing time is too late, the growth of watermelon vines will be unfavorable for sowing operations. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the invention is to solve the problem of insufficient light, heat and land utilization in the existing watermelon planting method in Xinjiang, and to provide a Xinjiang open-field watermelon-summer corn interplanting cultivation method.

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is specifically achieved through the following technical solutions: A Xinjiang open-field watermelon-summer corn interplanting cultivation method, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: (1) Preparation before sowing Watermelon seed treatment: Expose the seeds to the sun in sunny weather to increase the germination rate of planting; Site selection: Before sowing, site selection is required. Loose sandy land should be selected as the watermelon planting site. It is required that watermelons have not been planted for more than 6 consecutive years to avoid virus diseases. (2) Sowing Choose sunny weather to sow watermelons from the end of March to the beginning of April, cover with plastic film, dig furrows and build ridges to plant watermelons, and cover with small arch sheds immediately after sowing; according to the growth of watermelons, choose to remove the arch shed film in early or mid-May, and then rotary till the ridge surface, lay drip irrigation belts, and sow summer corn; (3) Field management methods for intercropping watermelons with summer corn Watermelon drip fertilization: open-field watermelon is dripped 11 times during the entire growth period. From mid-May, water and fertilizer are dripped once every 4 days. Water is stopped 10 days before harvest. The drip fertilizer is urea, compound fertilizer, potassium sulfate and micro-fertilizer. The early stage is mainly to promote vegetative growth, and the later stage is mainly to promote reproductive growth. Watermelon pruning and fruit thinning: When the main vine reaches 40cm in length, the first stage of vine pressing is carried out; when the main vine reaches 100cm in length, the second stage of vine pressing is carried out; Select and set the fruit. Select the second female flower on the main vine to keep the fruit. Leave a standard fruit on each plant. If the second female flower is not suitable for fruit setting, keep the third female flower. Integrated watermelon pest management: From early May to early June, integrated pest control was carried out during the critical growth period of watermelon, with alternate spraying of acetamiprid 20g / mu, carbendazim 100g / mu, avermectin 20g / mu, mancozeb 150g / mu, imidacloprid 25g / mu, etoxazole 25g / mu, and avermectin 15g / mu, for a total of 4 times; (4) Management of watermelon and corn during the symbiotic period Start drip fertilizing corn in mid-June, and focus on promoting corn growth after the first batch of watermelon fruits are harvested at the end of June; (5) Management of corn during its growth period After the watermelon is harvested, the corn is drip-fertilized 6 times, with urea, drip ammonium phosphate and compound fertilizer as the main fertilizers. The corn is harvested when it matures in late September.

[0005] Preferably, in step (1), the watermelon seeds are dried for two days.

[0006] Preferably, in step (2), the theoretical density of watermelon sowing is 823 plants / mu, the mulch film is a conventional mulch film with a width of 2.05 meters, and the theoretical density of summer corn sowing is 4115 plants / mu.

[0007] Preferably, in step (3), the cumulative dripping amount of the open-field watermelon during the entire growth period is 400 m³ / mu.

[0008] Preferably, in step (5), the cumulative dripping amount of corn after the watermelon is harvested is 200 m³ / mu.

[0009] The time of dripping water after corn sowing is critical. After watermelon sowing, corn is not planted first. After the small arch shed is dismantled, corn is rotary tilled. After planting, no water is applied. Watering is done in mid-June to allow seedlings to emerge. This ensures the normal growth and photosynthesis of watermelon, does not affect the growth period of corn, and avoids the impact of corn sowing on watermelon in the later stage. Since corn is an interplanted crop in this cultivation method, its supporting cultivation density is particularly important.

[0010] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: The invention provides an efficient cultivation method for double-harvesting of open-field watermelon and summer corn in Xinjiang in one year. The cultivation technology of intercropping watermelon with summer corn is adopted, the growth cycle of summer corn in the local area is prolonged, the yield of summer corn is increased, the intercropping crop pattern of watermelon in the local area is enriched, and the light, heat and land resources of Xinjiang are fully utilized. The method is convenient for mechanical operation and more suitable for large-scale promotion. The cultivation method of intercropping summer corn with open-field watermelon can achieve the goal of double harvests in one year, and compared with single-cropping watermelon, the comprehensive economic benefit can be significantly improved. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0011] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0012] A Xinjiang open-field watermelon-summer corn intercropping cultivation method comprises the following steps 1. Preparation before sowing 1.1 Watermelon seed treatment: Expose the seeds to the sun for two days in sunny weather, which can effectively increase the germination rate.

[0013] 1.2 Preparation before sowing Site selection: Before sowing, site selection should be carried out in an orderly manner as required. Usually, when planting watermelons, sandy land with loose soil should be selected as the watermelon planting site. At the same time, it is required that watermelons have not been planted for more than 6 consecutive years to avoid viral disease problems.

[0014] 2. Planting Choose sunny weather for watermelon sowing, from the end of March to the beginning of April, with a theoretical density of 823 plants per mu. Use 2.05-meter-wide conventional mulch film, dig furrows and form ridges to plant watermelons, and cover with a small greenhouse immediately after sowing. Depending on the growth of watermelons, choose to remove the greenhouse film in early or mid-May, and then till the ridge surface, lay drip irrigation tapes, and sow summer corn, with a theoretical density of 4115 plants per mu.

[0015] 3 Field management methods for intercropping summer corn with open-field watermelon 3.1 Watermelon drip fertilization The open-field watermelon is watered 11 times during the entire growing period, with a cumulative watering of 400m³ / mu. According to the growth characteristics of watermelon, water and fertilizer are dripped once every 4 days starting from mid-May, and watering is stopped 10 days before harvest. The drip fertilizers include urea, compound fertilizer, potassium sulfate and micro-fertilizer. The early stage is mainly to promote nutritional growth, and the later stage is mainly to promote reproductive growth.

[0016] 3.2 Watermelon pruning and fruit thinning 3.2.1 Press the vines. When the length of the main vine reaches 40 cm, press the vines for the first time. When the length of the main vine reaches 100 cm, press the vines for the second time.

[0017] 3.2.2 Select and size the watermelons. Choose the second female flower on the main vine to keep the watermelon. Keep one standard watermelon on each plant. If the second female flower does not produce good watermelons, keep the third female flower. Then perform field management as required to ensure the commercial rate of watermelons.

[0018] 3.3 Integrated control of watermelon diseases and pests From early May to early June, integrated pest control was carried out during the critical growth period of watermelon. Alternately spray 20g / mu of acetamiprid, 100g / mu of carbendazim, 20g / mu of avermectin, 150g / mu of mancozeb, 25g / mu of imidacloprid, 25g / mu of etoxazole, and 15g / mu of avermectin. A total of 4 sprayings were made. When alternately spraying, acetamiprid, carbendazim, and avermectin were sprayed once, and mancozeb, imidacloprid, etoxazole, and avermectin were sprayed the next time.

[0019] 3.4 Management of watermelon and corn during the symbiotic period: drip fertilization of corn begins in mid-June, and the main focus is on promoting corn growth after the first batch of watermelon fruits are harvested at the end of June.

[0020] 3.5 Management of corn during its growth period: After the watermelon is harvested, corn is drip-fertilized 6 times, with a cumulative drip of 200m³ / mu. Fertilizers are mainly urea, drip ammonium phosphate and compound fertilizer. Corn is harvested by machine after it matures in late September.

[0021] Example 1 The cultivation method adopts the above-mentioned open-field watermelon-summer corn intercropping cultivation method Location: 11th Company, 134th Regiment Time: 2024 Watermelon density: 823 plants / mu, corn density: 4115 plants / mu.

[0022] On April 7, watermelons were sown and a small arch shed was built. On May 13, the arch shed was dismantled, the ridge surface was tilled, and drip irrigation belts were laid. On May 15, summer corn was sown. After corn was sown, no drip fertilization was applied with watermelons, so the corn was in a state of waiting to germinate. It was drip fertilized with watermelons until mid-June. Because corn has strong growth potential, this not only avoids the premature emergence of corn and affects the photosynthesis of watermelons, but also avoids the increase in manpower and material costs caused by land preparation and sowing after the watermelons are mature and harvested at the end of June, as well as uncontrollable factors such as weather that delay the sowing date.

[0023] During the growing period of watermelon, water was dripped 11 times at a rate of 400m³ / mu, and during the growing period of corn, water was dripped 10 times at a rate of 280m³ / mu, including 4 times of water dripping during the symbiotic period of watermelon and corn.

[0024] Since the local watermelon planting method is direct seeding without grafting, in order to avoid diseases, crop rotation is required, and the crop rotation year is more than 6 years, so the watermelon planting area is relatively constant, and the use of efficient planting of two crops a year can not only save labor costs (when planting corn, it is the slack season, and labor is relatively cheap), but also can vacate the land in time after the corn is harvested, so that winter wheat can be planted in early October, or other crops can be planted next year. The comparison of the open-field watermelon-summer corn intercropping cultivation method of the present invention and the conventional planting method is shown in the table below.

[0025] Note: Since the market prices of watermelon and corn fluctuate every year, the calculation is based on the lowest price.

[0026] Technical points 1. The core technology of intercropping summer corn with open-field watermelon is to master the corn sowing time, which should not be too early or too late. After the small arch shed for open-field watermelon is dismantled, the middle of the ridge surface is rotary tilled and drip irrigation belts are laid, and two rows of corn are sown.

[0027] 2. Interplanting fresh-eating corn varieties is conducive to increasing interplanting output value; 3. Sowing watermelons early is conducive to early listing and seizing the market; 4. Prevent water from escaping after corn is planted, which will cause the corn to germinate prematurely and affect the yield and quality of watermelon.

[0028] The present invention adopts 2.05-meter conventional ground film, digs and forms ridges to plant watermelons, and covers the ground with a small arch shed after sowing, which can fully utilize the ground film to achieve the purpose of increasing temperature and retaining moisture, promote the early growth and development of watermelons, and improve the utilization rate of light energy. After the small arch shed is dismantled, corn is sown but not allowed to germinate, and is in a dormant state, which neither affects the growth of watermelons nor damages the watermelon vines due to later sowing operations. The cultivation method of the present invention intercrops summer corn with open-field watermelons, without ploughing, not only fully utilizes the light and heat resources and land resources after the watermelons are harvested, but also can increase the normal corn yield for one season, improve the land output rate, and increase farmers' income.

[0029] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or replace some of the technical features therein by equivalents. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A Xinjiang open-field watermelon-summer corn intercropping cultivation method, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) Preparation before sowing Watermelon seed treatment: Expose the seeds to the sun in sunny weather to increase the germination rate of planting; Site selection: Before sowing, site selection is required. Loose sandy land should be selected as the watermelon planting site. It is required that watermelons have not been planted for more than 6 consecutive years to avoid virus diseases. (2) Sowing Choose sunny weather to sow watermelons from the end of March to the beginning of April, cover with plastic film, dig furrows and build ridges to plant watermelons, and cover with small arch sheds immediately after sowing; according to the growth of watermelons, choose to remove the arch shed film in early or mid-May, and then rotary till the ridge surface, lay drip irrigation belts, and sow summer corn; (3) Field management methods for intercropping watermelons with summer corn Watermelon drip fertilization: open-field watermelon is dripped 11 times during the entire growth period. From mid-May, water and fertilizer are dripped once every 4 days. Water is stopped 10 days before harvest. The drip fertilizer is urea, compound fertilizer, potassium sulfate and micro-fertilizer. The early stage is mainly to promote vegetative growth, and the later stage is mainly to promote reproductive growth. Watermelon pruning and fruit thinning: When the main vine reaches 40cm in length, the first stage of vine pressing is carried out; when the main vine reaches 100cm in length, the second stage of vine pressing is carried out; Select and set the fruit. Select the second female flower on the main vine to keep the fruit. Leave a standard fruit on each plant. If the second female flower is not suitable for fruit setting, keep the third female flower. Integrated watermelon pest management: From early May to early June, integrated pest control was carried out during the critical growth period of watermelon, with alternate spraying of acetamiprid 20g / mu, carbendazim 100g / mu, avermectin 20g / mu, mancozeb 150g / mu, imidacloprid 25g / mu, etoxazole 25g / mu, and avermectin 15g / mu, for a total of 4 times; (4) Management of watermelon and corn during the symbiotic period Start drip fertilizing corn in mid-June, and focus on promoting corn growth after the first batch of watermelon fruits are harvested at the end of June; (5) Management of corn during its growth period After the watermelon is harvested, the corn is drip-fertilized 6 times, with urea, drip ammonium phosphate and compound fertilizer as the main fertilizers. The corn is harvested when it matures in late September.

2. The Xinjiang open-field watermelon-summer corn intercropping cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the watermelon seeds are dried for two days.

3. The Xinjiang open-field watermelon-summer corn intercropping cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the theoretical density of watermelon sowing is 823 plants / mu, the mulch film is a conventional mulch film with a width of 2.05 meters, and the theoretical density of summer corn sowing is 4115 plants / mu.

4. The Xinjiang open-field watermelon-summer corn intercropping cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the total dripping amount of open-field watermelon during the entire growth period is 400m³ / mu.

5. The Xinjiang open-field watermelon-summer corn intercropping cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (5), after the watermelon is harvested, the cumulative dripping amount of corn is 200m³ / mu.

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