Method for increasing yield of silage corn

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for increasing the yield of silage corn. The method comprises the following steps: S1, selecting a planting field and treating soil; s2, selecting an improved variety; s3, mechanical precision sowing: the hole spacing is 18 cm, the wide-narrow row spacing is 35 / 70 cm, and the sowing depth is 3-5 cm; carrying out self-pressure dripping seedling emergence; s4, field crop protection and water and fertilizer management, wherein herbicide is sprayed mechanically in the seedling stage; a photosynthetic high-fat film (GZM) is sprayed to leaf surfaces twice in the seedling stage and the large horn mouth stage; urea, monoammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate fertilizer are topdressed through water and fertilizer integration in the seedling stage, the small horn mouth stage, the large horn mouth stage, the tasseling stage and the booting stage; agricultural biogas slurry mixed with a compound microbial fertilizer is dressed in the small horn mouth period; s5, mechanical harvesting. The GZM is sprayed on the surfaces of crops, the endophytic resistance of the crops can be improved, germ infection can be prevented, the agricultural biogas slurry of a specific formula is applied, the photosynthetic efficiency can be synergistically promoted, the crops grow robustly, the leaf thickness and the fruit weight are remarkably increased, the quality is remarkably improved, and the yield is synergistically increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of silage corn planting, and in particular to a method for increasing the yield of silage corn. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, increasing the yield of grain crops has received much attention. At present, whole-plant corn silage is widely used in animal husbandry, especially in the dairy industry. Increasing corn silage yield is conducive to reducing animal husbandry breeding costs and promoting the development of the animal husbandry industry.

[0003] Photosynthetic lipid film (GZM) is a protective agent covering the surface of plants. Its main ingredient is lauryl alcohol (1-dodecanol). After spraying GZM on the surface of crops, it can "self-assemble" on the surface of leaves to form a protective film, increasing the thickness of the plant's wax layer and cuticle, thereby resisting drought, low temperature, ultraviolet rays, disease and pest stress. In addition, physiological studies have found that spraying the protective film to stimulate the plant can increase the content of signal substances lysophosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylethanolamine, further promoting the plant phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway, and greatly increasing the synthesis of lignin, flavonoids and flavonoid compounds, effectively improving the crop's disease and insect resistance, stress resistance and yield.

[0004] Agricultural biogas slurry is a high-quality organic fertilizer produced by anaerobic fermentation of livestock and poultry manure. It contains a certain amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients necessary for crop growth. It is also a green, efficient and pollution-free high-quality fertilizer. The application of biogas slurry can not only significantly reduce soil bulk density and increase porosity, but also increase the content of effective phosphorus, quick-acting potassium and organic matter in the soil, reduce pH value, and effectively improve arable land fertility. The application of agricultural biogas slurry in the process of silage corn planting can not only increase yield, but also reduce the ecological and environmental pollution caused by livestock and poultry manure discharge.

[0005] In summary, the application of GZM or agricultural biogas slurry alone during the growth of crops can increase crop yield. At present, there are many related studies on the application of the two materials alone on crops, and no related studies have been found on the combined application of GZM and agricultural biogas slurry on silage corn. Therefore, this application proposes a method for increasing silage corn yield. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems existing in the prior art, and a method for improving the yield of silage corn is proposed. By spraying GZM on the surface of plants in the seedling stage and the large trumpet stage, the endogenous resistance of crops can be enhanced, the infection of pathogens can be prevented, the seedlings can be protected from thriving growth, and it is beneficial to improve the photosynthesis of crops.

[0007] By applying agricultural biogas slurry mixed with compound microbial fertilizer, crops can grow healthily, leaf thickness and fruit weight can be significantly increased, quality can be significantly improved, and yield can be synergistically increased.

[0008] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0009] A method for increasing silage corn yield comprises the following steps:

[0010] S1. Selection of planting sites and soil treatment: Select cultivated land with strong soil water retention, flat surface, loose and fertile soil, deep soil layer, light saline-alkali land, non-continuous cropping, annual precipitation of 150mm-200mm, and annual average evaporation of about 2500mm as the planting site. In April-May, when the maximum daily temperature rises to no less than 12℃, harrow, level and dry the cultivated land that was turned over in winter at the end of the previous year;

[0011] S2. Selection of improved varieties: Select the silage corn variety Linong 170 as the planting variety, and select seeds that are free of mildew, insect infestation, darkening of color, etc. for planting;

[0012] S3. Sowing: Use mechanical precision sowing, sow one seed in each planting hole, the planting hole spacing is 18cm, wide and narrow row sowing, row spacing is 35 / 70cm, seed sowing depth is 3cm-5cm, and 6700 plants are planted per mu; use self-pressure drip irrigation, and lay and install the drip irrigation trunk, branch, and capillary tubes in time after sowing. The drip irrigation belt should be tightened, and the normal operation of the drip irrigation network should be checked and ensured in time. Drip 30 cubic meters of water per mu until seedlings emerge;

[0013] S4. Field crop protection and water and fertilizer management: After emergence, drip irrigation is supplemented 1-2 times according to the emergence of silage corn and soil drought conditions, with each application of 30 cubic meters of water per mu; during the seedling stage, herbicides are sprayed mechanically, using 150 mL of 28% Nicotinamide·Atrazine per mu with 30 kg of water for machine weeding; during the seedling stage, GZM is diluted 600 times and sprayed on the surface of the seedlings, and GZM is diluted 300 times in the large trumpet stage and sprayed mechanically on the leaves; during the small trumpet stage, 0.1 ton / mu of agricultural biogas slurry mixed with compound microbial fertilizer is applied once; during the seedling stage, small trumpet stage, large trumpet stage, tasseling stage, and booting stage, urea, monoammonium phosphate, and potassium sulfate are applied at 7 / 5 / 2, 14 / 9 / 5, 9 / 7 / 6, 7 / 4 / 7, and 3 / 0 / 0 kg per mu respectively through integrated water and fertilizer topdressing;

[0014] S5, mechanical harvesting: mechanical harvesting is performed after the silage corn plants have fully tasseled and matured to the milky stage. Preferably, in S4, a self-pressure drip irrigation system is used, and a labyrinth drip irrigation belt is used as the drip irrigation belt.

[0015] Preferably, GZM is sprayed on the leaves at 50 mL and 100 mL per mu at the seedling stage and large trumpet stage, respectively.

[0016] Preferably, in S4, the organic matter mass of the agricultural biogas slurry is ≥1.239%, the effective content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is ≥1.918%, the addition ratio of the compound microbial fertilizer in the agricultural biogas slurry is 0.09%, the effective number of live bacteria in the agricultural biogas slurry with the compound microbial fertilizer is ≥7.2 million / g, and the urea application amount is 600kg·ha -1 MAP application rate is 375 kg ha -1 , potassium sulfate application rate is 300kg·ha -1 .

[0017] Preferably, weeding, pest and disease control are carried out during the growth period of silage corn, just like general field management.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] 1. This method for increasing the yield of silage corn increases the endogenous stress resistance of crops by spraying GZM on the surface of plants in the seedling and flaring stages, which can prevent pathogen infection, improve the ability to resist natural disasters, increase the intensity of photosynthesis, protect the seedlings from thriving growth, and help increase yield.

[0020] 2. This method for increasing the yield of silage corn increases the content and activity of soil microorganisms by applying agricultural biogas slurry mixed with compound microbial fertilizer to the roots during the silage corn planting process. The water quality characteristics of the biogas slurry enable the crops to absorb it extremely quickly, which has both rapid and slow effects, thereby synergistically increasing crop yields. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 The following is an operation history of the method for increasing silage corn yield proposed in the present invention for reference. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0023] Embodiment 1

[0024] A method for increasing silage corn yield comprises the following steps:

[0025] S1. Selection of planting sites and soil treatment: Select cultivated land with strong water retention, flat surface, loose and fertile soil, deep soil layer, light saline-alkali land, non-continuous cropping, annual precipitation of 150mm-200mm, and annual average evaporation of about 2500mm as the planting site. In April-May, when the maximum daily temperature rises to no less than 12℃, harrow, level and dry the bare land that was turned over in winter at the end of the previous year;

[0026] S2. Selection of improved varieties: Select the silage corn variety Linong 170 as the planting variety, and select seeds that are free of mildew, insect infestation, darkening of color, etc. for planting;

[0027] S3. Sowing: Use mechanical precision sowing, sow one seed in each planting hole, the planting hole spacing is 18cm, according to the width and narrow row interval of 35 / 70cm, the seed sowing depth is 3cm-5cm, and the number of plants per mu is 6700; after sowing, timely lay and install the drip irrigation trunk, branch, and capillary tubes, and use the self-pressure drip irrigation system. The capillary tube uses a labyrinth drip irrigation belt. The drip irrigation belt should be tightened, and the normal operation of the drip irrigation network should be checked and ensured in time. The water outlet has its own pressure. Drip water once immediately after sowing, dripping 30 cubic meters per mu;

[0028] S4. Field crop protection and water and fertilizer management: After emergence, drip irrigation is supplemented 1-2 times according to the growth of silage corn and soil drought conditions, with 30 cubic meters of water per mu each time. After emergence, 150 mL of 28% Nicotinamide·Atrazine is used per mu with 30 kg of water, and weeding is carried out by machine;

[0029] Use 50mL GZM in the seedling stage, dilute it 600 times with 30kg of water and spray it on the surface of the seedlings. Apply GZM mechanically on the leaves once in the large trumpet stage. The concentration is doubled compared with the seedling stage. 100mL GZM is mixed with 30kg of water per mu. Spraying GZM on the plant surface can prevent bacteria infection, improve the ability to resist natural disasters, increase the intensity of photosynthesis, protect the seedlings from thriving, and help increase yield. In the seedling stage, small trumpet stage, large trumpet stage, tasseling stage, and booting stage, urea, monoammonium phosphate, and potassium sulfate are applied at 7 / 5 / 2, 14 / 9 / 5, 9 / 7 / 6, 7 / 4 / 7, and 3 / 0 / 0 kg per mu respectively through water-fertilizer integration.

[0030] During the small trumpet period, apply 0.1 ton / mu of agricultural biogas slurry mixed with compound microbial fertilizer once, through the integration of water and fertilizer, the organic matter quality of agricultural biogas slurry is ≥1.239%, the effective content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is ≥1.918%, the addition ratio of compound microbial fertilizer in agricultural biogas slurry is 0.09%, and the effective number of live bacteria in agricultural biogas slurry after adding compound microbial fertilizer is ≥7.2 million / g; urea application rate is 600kg·ha -1 , monoammonium phosphate 375kg·ha -1 、Potassium sulfate 300kg·ha -1The water quality characteristics of biogas slurry increase and activate beneficial microorganisms in the tillage layer, promote nutrient absorption, and make crops absorb it very quickly. It has both rapid and slow effects. When biogas slurry is applied, crops grow strong, leaf thickness and fruit weight increase significantly, and quality improves significantly. Compound microbial fertilizer refers to a compound of specific microorganisms and nutrients. It can desalinate and dealkali, retain water and resist drought, improve quality and increase production, effectively prevent fungal and bacterial diseases, increase agricultural product yields or improve the quality of agricultural products. It can not only improve the effective utilization rate of inorganic fertilizers, but also activate and loosen the soil and improve soil fertility. The large-scale reproduction of beneficial microorganisms can activate chemical fertilizers that have been deposited and fixed in the soil for many years and make them available for crops to absorb and utilize again. Compound microbial fertilizers fully combine inorganic fertilizers, organic fertilizers and beneficial microorganisms. In addition to providing the required NPK and trace elements for crop growth, it can also provide organic matter and beneficial active bacteria for crops. Weeding and pest control during the growth of silage corn are carried out in the same way as general field management;

[0031] S5. Mechanical harvesting: Silage corn plants are harvested mechanically from the time they have tasseled and ears are fully grown to the milky stage.

[0032] The following is a further explanation of the method for increasing the yield of silage corn through experiments:

[0033] 1 Materials and methods

[0034] 1.1 Test materials

[0035] The silage corn variety used in the experiment is Linong 170. After testing, the agricultural biogas slurry used in this experiment meets the requirements of the agricultural industry standards of the People’s Republic of China (NY / T 2596-2022). The biogas slurry test results are shown in Table 1.

[0036] Table 1 Test results of agricultural biogas slurry

[0037]

[0038] 1.2 Experimental design

[0039] Under normal filmless drip irrigation cultivation conditions using the Linong 170 silage corn variety, according to the different combined application methods of GZM and agricultural biogas slurry (hereinafter referred to as agricultural biogas slurry containing a specific formula), it was divided into experimental group A: GZM + agricultural biogas slurry combination treatment (Example 1 of the present application); control group B: no treatment; control group C: GZM foliar spraying treatment; control group D: agricultural biogas slurry root dripping treatment; the rest of the planting process of control group B, control group C, and control group D was the same as that of experimental group A (Example 1 of the present application), and they were harvested uniformly after maturity on September 12, 2024, and the yield was measured.

[0040] 1.3 Test methods

[0041] At 2-1, Baiyun Avenue, Karamay Agricultural Comprehensive Development Zone, four plots with similar terrain and fertility were selected, each with 225 mu, and sown uniformly on May 12, 2024. The experimental group A (Example 1 of the present application) and the control group C were treated with 50 mL and 100 mL GZM per mu on June 18 (seedling stage) and July 26 (large trumpet stage), respectively; the experimental group A (Example 1 of the present application) and the control group D were treated with 0.1 tons / mu of agricultural biogas slurry on July 3. After the silage corn matured, it was mowed by a Koroni BiGX700 self-propelled silage harvester.

[0042] 1.4 Data Statistics and Analysis

[0043] After the silage corn is harvested, the yield of each truckload of silage corn is recorded and sorted using a weighing scale.

[0044] 2 Results and analysis

[0045] 2.1 Comparison of the effects of three treatment methods on increasing silage corn yield

[0046] Table 2 Actual yields under three treatments

[0047]

[0048] From Table 2, we can see that

[0049] 1. In the absence of agricultural biogas slurry treatment, the use of GZM increases the yield of silage corn by 60kg, that is, GZM increases yield by 1.41%.

[0050] 2. In the absence of GZM treatment, the silage corn treated with biogas slurry had a yield 253.3 kg higher per mu than that of the silage corn not treated with biogas slurry, which means that the agricultural biogas slurry increased the yield by 6.14%.

[0051] 3. With the help of agricultural biogas slurry, the use of GZM increases the yield of silage corn (Linong 170) by 80kg, that is, "agricultural biogas slurry + GZM" increases the yield by 1.83% compared with agricultural biogas slurry.

[0052] 4. With the support of GZM, the silage corn treated with agricultural biogas slurry has a yield of 273.3 kg per mu higher than that of not treated with agricultural biogas slurry, that is, "agricultural biogas slurry + GZM" increases the yield by 6.53% compared with GZM.

[0053] 5. The yield of "agricultural biogas slurry + GZM" increased by 333.3kg compared with the blank, with an increase rate of 8.08%, which is 20kg higher than the sum of the two single treatments, indicating that the combination of the two has a mutually promoting (or synergistic) effect.

[0054] in conclusion

[0055] In this embodiment, (1) GZM and agricultural biogas slurry can both be used alone to increase the yield of silage corn, and the yield increase of silage corn treated with GZM alone is lower, while the yield increase of silage corn treated with agricultural biogas slurry alone is higher. (2) After GZM and agricultural biogas slurry are used in combination, they have an obvious synergistic effect in increasing the yield of silage corn, which not only improves the stress resistance and yield-increasing effect of GZM, but also improves the growth-promoting ability of agricultural biogas slurry, which can greatly increase the yield and economic benefits of silage corn. In silage corn production, the combined use of GZM and agricultural biogas slurry can be vigorously promoted.

[0056] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for increasing silage corn yield, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Selection of planting sites and soil treatment: Select cultivated land with strong soil water retention, flat surface, loose and fertile soil, deep soil layer, light saline-alkali land, non-continuous cropping, annual precipitation of 150mm-200mm, and annual average evaporation of about 2500mm as the planting site. In April-May, when the maximum daily temperature rises to no less than 12℃, harrow, level and dry the cultivated land that was turned over in winter at the end of the previous year; S2. Selection of improved varieties: Select the silage corn variety Linong 170 as the planting variety, and select seeds that are free of mildew, insect infestation, darkening of color, etc. for planting; S3. Sowing: Use mechanical precision sowing, sow one seed in each planting hole, the planting hole spacing is 18cm, wide and narrow row sowing, row spacing is 35 / 70cm, seed sowing depth is 3cm-5cm, and 6700 plants are planted per mu; use self-pressure drip irrigation, and lay and install the drip irrigation trunk, branch, and capillary tubes in time after sowing, and check and ensure the normal operation of the self-pressure drip irrigation network in time. The drip irrigation belt should be tightened, and 30 cubic meters of water should be dripped per mu until the seedlings emerge; S4. Field crop protection and water and fertilizer management: After emergence, drip irrigation is supplemented 1-2 times according to the emergence of silage corn and soil drought conditions, with each application of 30 cubic meters of water per mu; during the seedling stage, herbicides are sprayed mechanically, using 150 mL of 28% Nicotinamide·Atrazine per mu with 30 kg of water for machine weeding; during the seedling stage, GZM is diluted 600 times and sprayed on the surface of the seedlings, and GZM is diluted 300 times in the large trumpet stage and sprayed mechanically on the leaves; during the small trumpet stage, 0.1 ton / mu of agricultural biogas slurry mixed with compound microbial fertilizer is applied once; during the seedling stage, small trumpet stage, large trumpet stage, tasseling stage, and booting stage, urea, monoammonium phosphate, and potassium sulfate are applied at 7 / 5 / 2, 14 / 9 / 5, 9 / 7 / 6, 7 / 4 / 7, and 3 / 0 / 0 kg per mu respectively through integrated water and fertilizer topdressing; S5. Mechanical harvesting: Silage corn plants are harvested mechanically from the time they have tasseled and ears are fully grown to the milky stage.

2. The method for increasing silage corn yield according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S4, agricultural biogas slurry mixed with compound microbial fertilizer is topdressed in a water-fertilizer integrated manner.

3. The method for increasing silage corn yield according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S4, the organic matter mass of the agricultural biogas slurry is ≥1.239%, the effective content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is ≥1.918%, the addition ratio of compound microbial fertilizer in the agricultural biogas slurry is 0.09%, and the effective number of live bacteria in the agricultural biogas slurry with compound microbial fertilizer is ≥7.2 million / g; the urea application rate is 600kg·ha -1 MAP application rate is 375 kg ha -1 , potassium sulfate application rate is 300kg·ha -1 .

4. The method for increasing silage corn yield according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S4, GZM was sprayed on the leaves at 50 mL and 100 mL per mu at the seedling stage and the trumpet stage, respectively.

5. The method for increasing silage corn yield according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S4, a self-pressure drip irrigation system is used, and a labyrinth drip irrigation belt is selected as the drip irrigation belt.

6. The method for increasing silage corn yield according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the growth period of silage corn, weeding, pest control and general field management are carried out, and the harvest is mechanized.

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