Breeding method for early-maturing high-quality cotton with high-yield effect

Abstract

The invention discloses an early-maturing high-quality cotton breeding method with a high-yield effect, which comprises the following steps: selecting cotton varieties, namely screening the cotton varieties according to the growth state and various coefficients of a cotton field; cotton seed pretreatment: selecting full and clean cotton seeds for pretreatment; the method comprises the following steps: pretreating breeding field land, leveling the land, removing weeds, carrying out base fertilizer treatment, and irrigating to keep the soil moist; sowing the cotton seeds pretreated in the step 2; performing irrigation, fertilization and disease and pest resistance treatment during the growth period of the cotton seeds; after the cotton bolls are mature, ginned cotton is collected for standby application, and the optimized high-yield cotton improved seeds are screened and collected. According to the breeding method for the early-maturing high-quality cotton with the high-yield effect, firstly, various character quality cardinal numbers of cotton types are screened, then high-quality growth environment planting is provided by sterilizing a breeding field in cooperation with base fertilizer treatment, high-yield cotton is obtained, and high-quality cotton seeds of the high-yield cotton are collected.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of cotton breeding, and in particular to a method for breeding early-maturing high-quality cotton with high-yield effect. Background Art

[0002] Cotton is an important economic crop and strategic resource. The cotton industry occupies an important position in the national economy. Aggregating cotton varieties with multiple excellent traits and providing production applications are crucial to the increase of cotton production and the prosperity of the industry. Common cotton breeding methods mainly include selective breeding, sexual hybrid breeding, hybrid vigor breeding and mutagenesis breeding. Although modern transgenic technology has gradually developed and has been successfully applied to cotton breeding, transgenic monovalent insect-resistant cotton and transgenic bivalent insect-resistant cotton have been bred, and chitinase gene-transformed wilt-resistant germplasm and animal keratin gene-transformed germplasm for improving fiber quality have also been cultivated. Many new cotton varieties have been cultivated and applied to production. Common cotton breeding methods mainly include selective breeding, sexual hybrid breeding, hybrid vigor breeding and mutagenesis, but for many years, cotton production has been hovering at a yield level of about 400 kg / mu. How to further improve cotton yield on the existing basis and give full play to the high-yield and stable-yield role of cotton varieties has always been a problem that has troubled cotton breeders.

[0003] Existing cotton breeding methods, such as a machine-picked high-yield cotton breeding method with publication number CN116746445A, have a technical solution as follows: including the following steps: S1, screening breeding: S2, selecting breeding fields: S3, optimizing and rectifying breeding fields: S4, sowing: evenly scattering seeds on the ground, and then lightly covering with soil. S5, irrigation: maintaining appropriate humidity in the breeding field. S6, fertilization: applying fertilizer in appropriate amounts as needed. S7, preventing diseases and insect pests: when diseases are found, use appropriate chemical agents according to the safe use guide. S8, harvesting: the harvesting time should be about 90-120 days after the cotton blooms. After the cotton bolls mature, the cotton is cut off. The present invention provides a machine-picked high-yield cotton breeding method, which optimizes cotton seeds, selects breeding fields suitable for its cultivation, further optimizes the breeding fields, continuously manages the seeds after sowing, and performs secondary optimization on the seeds after the cotton is harvested, which helps to further increase the subsequent cotton yield.

[0004] However, most of the existing cotton breeding methods still use traditional hybrid breeding methods. When screening for breeding, there is no specific screening of the various bases of targeted cotton varieties. At the same time, the number of existing known cotton varieties is limited, and coupled with the limitations of parental traits, the traits of the bred cotton varieties are generally an improvement on the parental traits, and it is difficult to produce new excellent traits.

[0005] In view of this, we conducted in-depth research on the above issues, which led to the present case.

[0006] In response to the above problems, innovative designs were made based on the original cotton breeding methods. Summary of the invention

[0007] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for breeding early-maturing high-quality cotton with high-yield effect, so as to solve the problem proposed in the above background technology that breeding screening is not carried out for various base numbers of cotton seeds and the yield effect is not improved.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A method for breeding early-maturing high-quality cotton with high yield effect, the method comprising the following steps: Step 1: cotton variety selection, screening of cotton varieties according to the growth status of the cotton field and various coefficients; Step 2: Pre-treat cotton seeds by selecting cotton seeds with full and clean grains for pre-treatment; Step 3: Pre-treat the breeding field land by leveling the land, removing weeds, applying base fertilizer, and irrigating to keep the soil moist; Step 4, sowing the cotton seeds pretreated in step 2; Step 5: Irrigation, fertilization and pest and disease prevention treatment are carried out during the growth of cotton seeds; Step six, after the cotton bolls mature, collect the lint cotton for later use, and screen and collect the optimized high-yield cotton varieties.

[0009] Preferably, the specific steps of step one are: screening according to the uniformity index, wilt resistance index and Verticillium wilt resistance index of the cotton field, and selecting high-quality cotton fields for plant screening.

[0010] By adopting the above technical scheme, wilt and verticillium wilt are diseases that resist cotton production. Pre-selection and screening can be carried out in the growth conditions of cotton fields to exclude cotton seeds that are susceptible to wilt and verticillium wilt. The growth and yield of the screened cotton fields are expected to be improved.

[0011] Preferably, the specific steps of step one are: collecting and comparing the cotton fiber length, breaking strength, micronaire value, breaking elongation, reflectivity, yellowness and spinning uniformity index in the cotton bolls, screening high-quality plants and collecting all cotton seeds.

[0012] By adopting the above technical scheme, the properties and quality of cotton are reflected by the above index surfaces. After collecting samples for comparison, high-quality cotton seeds can be accurately screened out. The seeds obtained after high-quality cultivation are of better quality than the above cotton, which is used to optimize the cotton seeds and promote the survival of the fittest.

[0013] Preferably, the specific steps of step 2 are: placing the cotton seeds with full and clean grains under the sun for 2-3 hours, putting them into a machine, adding sulfuric acid, water and foaming agent to mix into foam acid to remove the cotton seeds, and then putting the cotton seeds into cooled clean water for washing, and removing the deflated grains floating in the clean water, and filtering out the damaged grains with a sieve and removing them.

[0014] By adopting the above technical scheme, some cotton lint will be attached to the cotton seeds after they are collected and dried. The foaming agent can increase the amount of sulfuric acid attached to form foamed acid, which can effectively remove the lint from the cotton seeds. By washing with clean water, some shriveled grains and damaged grains can be screened out to improve the seed screening quality.

[0015] Preferably, the specific steps of step 2 are: soaking the screened cotton seeds in cold water for 12-14 hours, then soaking the cotton seeds in 50°C hot water for 7-8 hours until the cotton seeds are germinated, spraying the germinated cotton seeds with sodium hypochlorite solution for disinfection, and dressing the cotton seeds with phorate, dichlorvos and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, wherein 0.8%-1.0% of the seeds are dressed with 75% phorate emulsifiable concentrate, and 0.3%-0.4% of the seeds are dressed with dichlorvos.

[0016] Adopting the above technical scheme, soaking cotton seeds is one of the common methods for processing cotton seeds. It has the advantages of being able to quickly improve the germination rate of seeds, thereby ensuring the survival rate of cotton seeds in dry land and other environments, and preventing pests and pathogens from infecting. In addition, using carbofuran emulsifiable concentrate to mix seeds can effectively prevent and control underground pests and thrips, cotton aphids, and red spiders in the seedling stage. Using dichlorvos to mix seeds can prevent and control damping-off disease of cotton seedlings. Using potassium dihydrogen phosphate to mix seeds can enhance the cold and drought resistance of cotton seedlings, thereby helping to increase cotton yield.

[0017] Preferably, the specific steps of step three are: using a rotary tiller to prepare the breeding field, the soil temperature reaches 12-18°C, and the soil moisture content reaches more than 40%, applying a broad-spectrum nematicide, and weeding the breeding field.

[0018] By adopting the above technical scheme, a broad-spectrum nematicide is applied to the breeding land before sowing. The agent is easy to diffuse in the soil, has a good preventive effect on nematodes, has a long-lasting effect, and can be mixed with the application of base fertilizer without resistance.

[0019] Preferably, the specific steps of step three are: before plowing the cotton breeding field, evenly spread the organic fertilizer on the ground surface, the organic fertilizer contains 8-10kg / mu of urea and 50% P 2 O 2 Fertilizer is 10-15kg / mu, potassium fertilizer is 2-5kg / mu, and the soil should be plowed after fertilization with the plowing depth greater than 30cm.

[0020] By adopting the above technical scheme, base fertilizer is used in cotton breeding fields before sowing to ensure soil fertility, so as to ensure the nutrients supplied to cotton seeds during sowing, facilitate the high-quality production and development of cotton seeds, and produce high-quality seeds.

[0021] Preferably, the specific steps of step 4 are: the breeding field pretreated in step 3 is kept at a temperature of 12-18° C., and the cotton seeds pretreated in step 2 are sown at a sowing depth of 2.5-3.5 cm.

[0022] By adopting the above technical scheme, the breeding fields are sown at an appropriate temperature, which is conducive to the development of cotton seeds in the seedling stage, thereby increasing growth yield and providing a high-quality cultivation environment for the cultivation of high-quality cotton seeds.

[0023] Preferably, the specific steps of step five are: irrigating the growing cotton seedlings with different amounts of water in the seedling stage, bud stage, boll stage and boll opening stage, irrigating in small amounts and at high frequencies, and adding nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizers and trace elements in a timely manner according to the growth of the seedlings, and the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers reaches 110-130 kg / mu, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1:0.45:0.13.

[0024] By adopting the above technical scheme, the high-standard cotton field can ensure that the fertility of the cotton field can meet the nutritional conditions required for the growth of seedlings with the set yield in the high-standard cotton field. The early stage of the cotton field can be fertilized by foliar fertilization, and the middle and late stage fertilization can be carried out at the same time as irrigation, which is conducive to the growth and development of the cotton seedlings.

[0025] Preferably, the specific steps of step five are: treating the growing cotton plants against diseases and insect pests, disinfecting and sterilizing the roots by spraying ethionine, and protecting the cotton insects with specific drugs such as chlorfenapyr and acetamiprid.

[0026] By adopting the above technical scheme, ethionine, as a broad-spectrum fungicide, has a good control effect on cotton damping-off, Verticillium wilt, Fusarium wilt and the like, has a stimulating effect on the growth of cotton, and promotes the healthy growth of cotton seedlings. At the same time, specific drugs such as chlorfenapyr and acetamiprid are used to carry out insecticide treatment against cotton aphids and cotton bollworms to prevent diseases and insect damage encountered in cotton growth.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the early-maturing high-quality cotton breeding method with high yield effect is 1. Screen the cotton fields according to their uniformity index, resistance to wilt and resistance to verticillium wilt index, select high-quality cotton fields for plant screening, collect and compare the cotton fiber length, specific breaking strength, micronaire value, elongation at break, reflectivity, yellowness and spinning uniformity index in the cotton bolls, screen the high-quality plants and collect all the cotton seeds. Fusarium wilt and verticillium wilt are diseases that resist cotton production. Pre-selection in the growth conditions of cotton fields can exclude cotton seeds that are susceptible to wilt and verticillium wilt. The growth and yield of the screened cotton fields need to be improved. The properties and quality of cotton are all shown by the above indexes. After collecting samples for comparison, high-quality cotton seeds can be accurately screened out. The seeds obtained after high-quality cultivation are better than the above cotton quality, and the survival of the fittest is carried out for cotton seed optimization; 2. The cotton breeding fields are pre-treated with antibacterial and base fertilizer. A rotary tiller is used to prepare the breeding fields. The soil temperature reaches 12-18°C and the soil moisture content reaches more than 40%. Broad-spectrum nematicides are applied. The breeding fields are weeded. Before the cotton breeding fields are plowed, organic fertilizer is evenly spread on the surface. The organic fertilizer contains 8-10kg / mu of urea and 50% P 2 O 2 Fertilizer is 10-15kg / mu, potassium fertilizer is 2-5kg / mu. The soil should be plowed after fertilization, and the plowing depth should be greater than 30 cm. Before sowing, broad-spectrum nematicides are applied to the breeding land. The agent is easy to spread in the soil, has good preventive effect on nematodes, and has a long-lasting effect. It can also be mixed with the application of base fertilizer to ensure the fertility of the soil, which is convenient for ensuring the nutrients supplied to the cotton seeds during sowing, without resistance, and providing a good growth environment for the optimization of cotton breeding. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the breeding method process of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] See also Figure 1 , the present invention provides a technical solution: A method for breeding early-maturing high-quality cotton with high yield effect, the method comprising the following steps: Step 1: cotton variety selection, screening of cotton varieties according to the growth status of the cotton field and various coefficients; Step 2: Pre-treat cotton seeds by selecting cotton seeds with full and clean grains for pre-treatment; Step 3: Pre-treat the breeding field land by leveling the land, removing weeds, applying base fertilizer, and irrigating to keep the soil moist; Step 4, sowing the cotton seeds pretreated in step 2; Step 5: Irrigation, fertilization and pest and disease prevention treatment are carried out during the growth of cotton seeds; Step six, after the cotton bolls mature, collect the lint cotton for later use, and screen and collect the optimized high-yield cotton varieties.

[0031] The specific steps of step one are: screening according to the uniformity index, wilt resistance index and verticillium wilt resistance index of the cotton field, and selecting high-quality cotton fields for plant screening. The specific steps of step one are: collecting and comparing the cotton fiber length, breaking strength, micronaire value, breaking elongation, reflectivity, yellowness and spinning uniformity index in the cotton bolls, screening high-quality plants and collecting cotton seeds. Fusarium wilt and verticillium wilt are diseases that resist cotton production. Pre-selection and screening in the growth conditions of cotton fields can exclude cotton seeds that are susceptible to wilt and verticillium wilt. The growth and yield of the screened cotton fields need to be improved. The properties and quality of cotton are all shown by the above index surfaces. After collecting samples for comparison, high-quality cotton seeds can be accurately screened out. The seeds obtained after high-quality cultivation are better than the above cotton quality, which is the survival of the fittest for cotton seed optimization.

[0032] The specific steps of step 2 are: place the full and clean cotton seeds in the sun for 2-3 hours, put them into the machine, add sulfuric acid, water and foaming agent to make foam acid to remove the cotton seeds, and then put the cotton seeds into cooling water for washing, and remove the floating shrunken grains in the water, and use a sieve to filter out the damaged seeds and remove them. The specific steps of step 2 are: soak the screened cotton seeds in cold water for 12-14 hours, and then soak the cotton seeds in 50℃ hot water for 7-8 hours until the cotton seeds germinate, spray the germinated cotton seeds with sodium hypochlorite solution for disinfection, and use chlorpyrifos, dichlorvos and potassium dihydrogen phosphate to dress the cotton seeds, wherein 0.8%-1.0% of the seeds are dressed with 75% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate, and 0.3%-0.4% of the seeds are dressed with dichlorvos. After cotton seeds are collected and dried, some cotton lint will be attached. The foaming agent can increase the amount of sulfuric acid attached to form foam acid, which can effectively remove the lint from the cotton seeds. By washing with clean water, some shriveled and damaged seeds can be screened out to improve the quality of seed screening. Soaking cotton seeds is one of the common methods for treating cotton seeds. Its advantages are that it can quickly increase the germination rate of seeds, thereby ensuring the survival rate of cotton seeds in dry land and other environments, and can also prevent pests and bacteria from infecting. In addition, the use of carbofuran emulsifiable concentrate to mix seeds can effectively prevent and control underground pests and seedling thrips, cotton aphids, and red spiders. The use of dichlorvos to mix seeds can prevent and control cotton seedling damping-off disease. The use of potassium dihydrogen phosphate to mix seeds can enhance the cold and drought resistance of cotton seedlings, thereby helping to increase cotton yields.

[0033] The specific steps of step three are: use a rotary tiller to prepare the breeding field, the soil temperature reaches 12-18℃, and the soil moisture content reaches more than 40%, apply a broad-spectrum nematicide, and weed the breeding field. The specific steps of step three are: before plowing the cotton breeding field, evenly spread organic fertilizer on the surface. The organic fertilizer contains 8-10kg / mu of urea and 50% P 2 O 2 Fertilizer is 10-15kg / mu, potassium fertilizer is 2-5kg / mu, and the soil is plowed after fertilization, with the plowing depth greater than 30 cm. Before sowing, a broad-spectrum nematicide is applied to the breeding land. The agent is easy to spread in the soil, has good nematode prevention effect, and has a long-lasting effect. It can be mixed with the application of base fertilizer without resistance. The cotton breeding field uses base fertilizer before sowing to ensure the fertility of the soil, so as to ensure the nutrients supplied to the cotton seeds during sowing, facilitate the high-quality production and development of cotton seeds, and produce high-quality seeds.

[0034] The specific steps of step 4 are: the breeding field pretreated in step 3 is kept at a temperature of 12-18°C, and the cotton seeds pretreated in step 2 are sown at a sowing depth of 2.5-3.5 cm. Sowing the breeding field at an appropriate temperature is conducive to the development of the cotton seeds in the seedling stage, thereby increasing the growth yield and providing a high-quality cultivation environment for the cultivation of high-quality cotton seeds.

[0035] The specific steps of step five are: irrigate the growing cotton seedlings with different amounts of water in the seedling stage, bud stage, flower and boll stage, and boll stage, irrigate in small amounts and at high frequencies, and add nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizers and trace elements in time according to the growth of the seedlings, and the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers reaches 110-130 kg / mu, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1:0.45:0.13. The specific steps of step five are: treat the growing cotton plants with pests and diseases, disinfect and sterilize the roots by spraying ethionine, and use special drugs such as chlorantraniliprole and acetamiprid to protect cotton insects. The high-standard cotton field ensures that the fertility of the cotton field can meet the nutritional conditions required for the growth of the seedlings set by the high-standard cotton field. The cotton field can be topdressed in the early stage by foliar topdressing, and the middle and late topdressing can be carried out at the same time as irrigation, which is conducive to the growth and development of the cotton seedlings. As a broad-spectrum fungicide, ethyl allicin has a good control effect on cotton damping-off, Verticillium wilt, Fusarium wilt and other diseases. It has a stimulating effect on the growth of cotton and promotes the healthy growth of cotton seedlings. At the same time, specific drugs such as chlorfenapyr and acetamiprid are used to kill cotton aphids and cotton bollworms to prevent diseases and insect damage to cotton growth.

[0036] The contents not described in detail in this specification belong to the prior art known to professional and technical personnel in this field.

[0037] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for breeding early-maturing high-quality cotton with high yield, characterized in that: The early-maturing high-quality cotton breeding method comprises the following steps: Step 1: cotton variety selection, screening of cotton varieties according to the growth status of the cotton field and various coefficients; Step 2: Pre-treat cotton seeds by selecting cotton seeds with full and clean grains for pre-treatment; Step 3: Pre-treat the breeding field land by leveling the land, removing weeds, applying base fertilizer, and irrigating to keep the soil moist; Step 4, sowing the cotton seeds pretreated in step 2; Step 5: Irrigation, fertilization and pest and disease prevention treatment are carried out during the growth of cotton seeds; Step six, after the cotton bolls mature, collect the lint cotton for later use, and screen and collect the optimized high-yield cotton varieties.

2. The method for breeding early-maturing high-quality cotton with high yield according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of step one are: screening the cotton fields according to their uniformity index, wilt resistance index and verticillium wilt resistance index, and selecting high-quality cotton fields for plant screening.

3. The method for breeding early-maturing high-quality cotton with high yield according to claim 2, characterized in that: The specific steps of step one are: collecting and comparing the cotton fiber length, breaking strength, micronaire value, breaking elongation, reflectivity, yellowness and spinning uniformity index in the cotton bolls, screening high-quality plants and collecting all cotton seeds.

4. The method for breeding early-maturing high-quality cotton with high yield according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of step 2 are: placing the cotton seeds with full and clean grains under the sun for 2-3 hours, putting them into a machine, adding sulfuric acid, water and foaming agent to make foam acid to remove the cotton seeds, and then putting the cotton seeds into cooled clean water for washing, and removing the shrunken grains floating in the clean water, and filtering out the damaged seeds with a sieve and removing them.

5. The method for breeding early-maturing high-quality cotton with high yield effect according to claim 4, characterized in that: The specific steps of step 2 are: soaking the screened cotton seeds in cold water for 12-14 hours, and then soaking the cotton seeds in 50°C hot water for 7-8 hours until the cotton seeds are germinated, spraying the germinated cotton seeds with sodium hypochlorite solution for disinfection, and dressing the cotton seeds with phorate, dichlorvos and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, wherein 0.8%-1.0% of the seeds are dressed with 75% phorate emulsifiable concentrate, and 0.3%-0.4% of the seeds are dressed with dichlorvos.

6. The method for breeding early-maturing high-quality cotton with high yield effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of step three are: using a rotary tiller to prepare the breeding field, the soil temperature reaches 12-18°C, and the soil moisture content reaches more than 40%, applying a broad-spectrum nematicide, and weeding the breeding field.

7. The method for breeding early-maturing high-quality cotton with high yield effect according to claim 6, characterized in that: The specific steps of step three are: before plowing the cotton breeding field, evenly spread organic fertilizer on the ground surface, the organic fertilizer includes 8-10kg / mu of urea, 10-15kg / mu of 50% P2O2 fertilizer, and 2-5kg / mu of potassium fertilizer. The soil after fertilization is plowed, and the plowing depth is greater than 30 cm.

8. The method for breeding early-maturing high-quality cotton with high yield effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of step 4 are: the breeding field pretreated in step 3 is kept at a temperature of 12-18° C., and the cotton seeds pretreated in step 2 are sown at a sowing depth of 2.5-3.5 cm.

9. The method for breeding early-maturing high-quality cotton with high yield effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of step five are: irrigating the growing cotton seedlings with different amounts of water in the seedling stage, bud stage, boll stage and boll opening stage, irrigating in small amounts and at high frequencies, and adding nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizers and trace elements in time according to the growth of the seedlings, and the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers reaches 110-130 kg / mu, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1:0.45:0.

13.

10. The method for breeding early-maturing high-quality cotton with high yield effect according to claim 9, characterized in that: The specific steps of step five are: treating the growing cotton plants against diseases and insect pests, disinfecting and sterilizing the roots by spraying ethiocarb, and protecting the cotton insects with special drugs such as chlorfenapyr and acetamiprid.

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