Prefabricated integrated planting pressing block and manufacturing method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a prefabricated integrated planting briquette and a manufacturing method and application thereof.Organic waste of agriculture, forestry, cultivation and the like is used as main raw materials, according to the growth process of different plants, the physicochemical indexes, water, gas and nutrition of a matrix are reasonably proportioned, after composting and maturing, the characteristics of bentonite, calcium carbonate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and the like are utilized, and the prefabricated integrated planting briquette is obtained. An organic matter source and a mineral source are effectively combined, an integrated single-grain planting pressing block, an integrated multi-grain planting pressing block and a combined planting pressing block are prefabricated (reserved water absorption expansion space) in advance according to planting containers of different specifications by utilizing the viscosity of the raw materials, bentonite and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and the disintegration property of calcium carbonate, and different application scenes are met; the planting application space is expanded. The product processing mechanization rate is high, prefabricated, standardized and intensive production can be achieved, the planting operation cost is effectively reduced, the production efficiency is improved, and storage and transportation are convenient.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of soilless cultivation and seedling raising, and in particular to a prefabricated integrated planting block and a manufacturing method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, the development of substrate soilless cultivation is becoming more and more obvious.

[0003] Substrate soilless cultivation refers to a method in which the root system of crops grows in an artificially synthesized solid organic matrix environment, the roots are fixed by the solid matrix, and the crops are supplied with nutrients, water and oxygen. It can coordinate the water and air conflicts in the rhizosphere environment well, with less investment, and it is convenient to use local materials for production, so that agricultural production can completely get rid of the constraints of natural conditions. According to human wishes, it will develop in the direction of spatialization, mechanization, automation and factoryization, which will greatly improve the yield and quality of crops. At the same time, with the intensification of global aging and the increase in labor costs year by year, the countermeasures to solve these problems are to implement cultivation standardization, facility construction, operation mechanization, and control automation. Substrate soilless cultivation will become an important solution and key technology.

[0004] In my country, with the continuous innovation of green agricultural development, facility agriculture has continued to grow, playing a huge role in ensuring the stable supply of products throughout the year, promoting farmers' income and wealth, and realizing sustainable agricultural development. The application of matrix cultivation technology in facility agriculture, the popularization of equipment such as planting troughs, planting pots, planting bags, seedling cups, and seedling trays, has greatly improved the efficiency and quality of planting. However, in the early stage of matrix planting, it is necessary to go through the processes of seedling matrix raw material selection, matrix treatment, proportioning, tray loading, sowing, transplanting and planting. Due to the influence of factors such as the source of raw materials, composting technology, proportioning, and planting varieties, the quality of the matrix and the quality of planting are uneven. At the same time, from seedling cultivation to planting, except for large-scale planting and professional seedling cultivation with automatic or semi-automatic seedling cultivation equipment, other small and medium-sized growers basically rely on purchasing seedlings or artificial seedling cultivation. Artificial seedling soil preparation, planting container filling, sowing, etc., are prone to cause quality assurance, low degree of standardization, low efficiency, and high labor costs. At the same time, the sales of cultivated seedlings are time-sensitive, with a short supply radius, high transportation costs, and are easily affected by the transportation environment and transit, which can easily cause seedling death and low survival rate of seedlings after planting.

[0005] At the same time, with the acceleration of urbanization, especially the rise of urban greening, building terraces, courtyards and balcony vegetables, flowers and fruits. In addition, the state prohibits soil extraction from farmland, forest land and grassland and planting technology bottlenecks, resulting in the inability to guarantee the source of urban soil, the quality and supply of nutrient soil (matrix). In particular, fruit and vegetable planting is prone to food safety hazards. The labor cost is high, and the survival rate and quality are difficult to guarantee. Under this premise, it is urgent to design an intensive, efficient, standardized and simplified planting model. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a prefabricated integrated planting block and a manufacturing method and application thereof.

[0007] The present invention protects a prefabricated integrated planting block, wherein the planting block includes an integrated single-grain planting block, an integrated multi-grain planting block, and a combined planting block;

[0008] The integrated single-seed planting briquette is a planting briquette formed by combining a single pelletized seed and a matrix briquette;

[0009] The integrated multi-seed planting block is a planting block formed by combining a plurality of pelletized seeds with a matrix block;

[0010] The combined planting block is a planting block that is a planting base block with one or more integrated single-grain planting block fixing holes reserved, and is combined with an integrated single-grain planting block.

[0011] The present invention also protects a method for preparing a prefabricated integrated planting block, which specifically comprises the following steps:

[0012] S1, Matrix material preparation

[0013] S1-1, raw material preparation: crush the compost material into a certain particle size, and adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio, nutrient elements, particle size, pH value and moisture content according to the coordination requirements of different plant species in the seedling and growth stages for the physical and chemical properties of the substrate, water, air and fertilizer, and then add exogenous biological agents to fully compost and decompose, with a moisture content of ≤30% for standby use;

[0014] S1-2, mixing: take the above compost and decomposed raw materials, add 200 mesh, 5-20% bentonite; 200 mesh, 2-5% calcium carbonate, mix evenly, control the moisture content to ≤25%, and set aside;

[0015] S2, preparation of sealing material: adding 0.2-1% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution to the above-mentioned base material, stirring evenly, adjusting the moisture content to 40-50% according to the adhesion of the material, and setting aside;

[0016] S3, production of integrated single-grain planting blocks: according to the shape and volume of the planting container, a space size for the planting block to absorb water and expand is reserved to make a molding mold; the planting block matrix material is placed in the mold and molded by pressure; a sowing hole is reserved on the top of the planting block, and the size and depth of the sowing hole are determined according to the size and sowing depth of the pelletized seeds of the plant, and the pelletized seeds are sown in the sowing hole by a mechanical sowing machine, and then the sowing hole is evenly covered with a sealing material, and after compaction, bonding and sealing, it is air-dried or baked to a moisture content of ≤10%, thus obtaining an integrated single-grain planting block;

[0017] S4, production of integrated multi-grain planting blocks: according to the shape and volume of the planting container, the water absorption and expansion space size of the planting blocks is reserved, and a forming mold is made; the planting block matrix material is placed in the mold and formed by pressure; the top of the planting block is reserved for the spacing of the plants according to the sowing density of the plants, and multiple sowing holes are reserved. The size and depth of the sowing holes are determined according to the size and sowing depth of the pelletized seeds of the plants. The pelletized seeds are sown in the sowing holes by a mechanical sowing machine, and then the sowing holes are evenly covered with sealing materials. After compaction, bonding and sealing, the holes are air-dried or baked to a moisture content of ≤10%, and the integrated multi-grain planting blocks are obtained;

[0018] S5, production of combined planting blocks: according to planting containers of different specifications, reserve the size of the space for the planting blocks to absorb water and expand, and make a molding mold; the planting block matrix material is placed in the mold and molded by pressure; on the top of the planting base block, according to the spacing required for the normal growth space of the plant, reserve one or more fixed holes of the same size as the integrated single-grain planting block, dry or bake until the moisture content is ≤10%, and when in use, put the integrated single-grain planting block into the fixed hole to obtain the combined planting block.

[0019] Furthermore, in step S1-1, the compost material is crop waste, garden organic waste, food or medicinal material processing waste, or livestock manure.

[0020] Furthermore, the crop waste is any one or more of straw, tail vegetables, corn cobs, peanut shells, rice husks, cottonseed shells, rice bran, wheat bran, mushroom residue, sugarcane bagasse and sunflower shells; the garden organic waste is any one or more of peat, branches, leaves, bark, pine needles, sawdust, coconut bran and reeds; the food or medicinal material processing waste is any one or more of vinegar dregs, distiller's grains, bean dregs and Chinese medicinal material residues; the livestock manure is any one or more of cow dung, sheep dung, pig dung and chicken dung.

[0021] Furthermore, in step S1-1, the bulk density of the composted raw material is 0.1 to 0.8 g / cm 3, the total porosity is 54% to 96%, the particle size is 0.3 to 7.5 mm, the pH value is 5.5 to 8.5, and the electrical conductivity (EC value) is below 2.5 millisiemens / cm. The limit index requirements are implemented in accordance with NY / T525-2021. The composted raw materials have a certain buffering capacity to maintain the biological stability of the matrix during the cultivation process.

[0022] Furthermore, the exogenous biological agent is a commercially available composite microbial fermentation agent, and the composite fermentation agent is added according to the ratio of one kilogram of composite fermentation agent to 5 to 8 tons of fermentation material; the high temperature fermentation period is maintained at 55 to 70°C for 5 to 7 days, and after aging for 30 to 45 days, a moisture content of ≤30% and a total amount of 40 to 60% of mature and stable basic material are obtained. In order to ensure the quality of the compost, secondary composting can be carried out according to actual conditions.

[0023] Furthermore, the carbon-nitrogen ratio and nutrient elements are adjusted by nitrogen-containing compounds, phosphorus-containing compounds, potassium-containing compounds, iron-containing compounds and trace element compounds or composite chemical elements; wherein the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture is 20-30:1, and the water content is 50-65%.

[0024] Furthermore, in steps S3, S4 and S5, pressure forming uses hydraulic equipment with a pressure of ≥15 tons / square centimeter and a pressure of ≥1470 MPa.

[0025] Furthermore, in step S2, the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution can be replaced by plant glue, animal glue, microbial glue, alginic glue or chemically modified glue.

[0026] The present invention also protects an application of a prefabricated integrated planting block, wherein the planting block is used as a planting carrier or a planting body itself in different scenarios. The integrated single-grain planting block is used for horticultural flowers, fruit and vegetable seedlings or cultivation; the integrated multi-grain planting block is used for fruit and vegetable planting, ecological slope protection brick greening, lawn grids, three-dimensional green plants, flower walls, parking lot grass brick greening or matrix leafy vegetables, sprout vegetables; the combined planting block is used for factory-based and standardized planting, or balcony, terrace and courtyard fruit and vegetable planting.

[0027] Compared with the existing technology, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] The present invention uses organic waste from agriculture, forestry and breeding as the main raw material, and according to the whole growth process of different plants, reasonably mixes the physical and chemical indicators of the matrix and water, air and nutrition for composting, and uses the characteristics of bentonite, calcium carbonate and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose to effectively combine the organic source and the mineral source. The viscosity of the raw materials themselves and bentonite and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and the disintegration of calcium carbonate are used to prefabricate (with reserved space for water absorption and expansion) one-piece single-grain planting briquettes, one-piece multi-grain planting briquettes, and combined planting briquettes according to planting containers of different specifications in advance to meet different application scenarios and expand the planting application space. The specific effects are as follows:

[0029] 1. The present invention uses agricultural, forestry and aquaculture organic waste as the main raw materials, which can effectively promote the control of agricultural non-point source pollution, realize recycling, further expand the utilization space of organic waste, and achieve carbon emission reduction and carbon neutrality;

[0030] 2. According to the whole growth process of different target plants, rationally proportion the physical and chemical indexes of the substrate and the water, air, nutrition, bulk density, particle size, pH value and other indexes to create the best basic conditions for planting and effectively improve the survival rate, yield and quality;

[0031] 3. Through prefabrication and customization in advance, we use integrated single-grain planting blocks, integrated multi-grain planting blocks, and combined planting blocks according to different application scenarios; cooperate with water and fertilizer facilities and containers to realize the rapid layout of flat and three-dimensional planting sites, laying the foundation for standardized and mechanized applications such as factory planting and large-scale greening;

[0032] 4. Prefabricated integrated planting blocks have the characteristics of uniform specifications, high density, small volume, low water content, long validity period, uniform water absorption rate after contact with water, disintegration when contacted with water, easy storage and transportation, etc., which can realize commercial operation, effectively reduce storage and transportation space, and reduce storage and transportation costs;

[0033] 5. Intensive composting production effectively reduces the operating costs of raw material collection, disposal, and processing;

[0034] 6. The seeds are coated and pelletized, with a protective layer. The seeds will not be damaged after forming and sowing, and can be stored for a long time. Only manual or machine is needed to put the pressed blocks into the container, which can save the time and labor cost of filling soil, sowing, seedling separation and planting to the maximum extent. The product processing mechanization rate is high, and commercialization, batch and customized production can be realized;

[0035] 7. Bentonite, calcium carbonate and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose are added during the molding process to effectively combine the organic source and the mineral source. Under the pressure of the mold, the viscosity of the raw materials themselves and bentonite and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose is used to form under a certain pressure. It has the characteristics of high density and small volume, which effectively reduces the storage and transportation space and reduces the storage and transportation costs; the moisture content is ≤10%, which is convenient for storage and transportation.

[0036] 8. The planting process only requires water, fertilizer, management and prevention operations, which simplifies the planting process, reduces operating costs, and lowers cultivation technology requirements, which can effectively ensure yield and quality.

[0037] 9. The auxiliary agent calcium carbonate, as a neutral substance, can stabilize the pH of the matrix and create a suitable growth environment. Calcium carbonate disintegrates in water, making the planting block loose quickly and avoiding local agglomeration. Under the dual effect of bentonite, it increases the water absorption rate of the pressed block. At the same time, it can promote the release and transformation of matrix nutrients, improve the absorption capacity of the plant for nutrient elements, and thus improve the yield and quality of the plant. Adding an appropriate amount of calcium carbonate can improve the matrix structure and increase the matrix's production capacity. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the integrated single-grain planting block of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the top view of the integrated single-grain planting block of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the integrated multi-grain planting block of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the top view of the structure of the integrated multi-grain planting block of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the combined planting block planting base block and the integrated single-grain planting block separated from each other in the present invention;

[0043] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the combined planting block planting base block and the integrated single-grain planting block of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the top view of the structure of the combined planting block planting base block of the present invention used in combination with the integrated single-grain planting block. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] A method for preparing a prefabricated integrated planting block specifically comprises the following steps:

[0048] S1, Matrix material preparation

[0049] S1-1, raw material preparation: according to the coordination requirements of different plant species for the physical and chemical properties of the substrate, water, air and fertilizer during the seedling stage and growth stage, the straw is crushed through a 1-8 cm sieve to take 400 kg, the tree pruning branches are crushed through an 8 mm sieve to take 100 kg, 300 kg of cow dung, 200 kg of sheep dung, and after adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio, bulk density, total porosity, particle size, nutrient elements, pH value and moisture content, exogenous biological agents are added for full composting and decomposition, and the moisture content is ≤30%, and it is set aside;

[0050] Among them, 30kg of urea, a carbon-nitrogen ratio regulator, is applied to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture is 20-30:1, and the moisture content is 50-65%; then 200g of the composite fermentation agent is added to the fermented material according to one kilogram of the composite fermentation agent to ferment 5-8 tons; the high temperature fermentation period of 55-70°C is maintained for 5-7 days (to ensure sufficient fermentation and decomposition), and after aging for 30-45 days, a moisture content of ≤30%, a total amount of 40-60% decomposed and stable basic material is obtained, and secondary composting can be carried out according to actual conditions to ensure the quality of the compost;

[0051] The bulk density of the composted raw material is 0.1-0.8 g / cm 3 , total porosity of 54% to 96%, particle size of 0.3 to 7.5 mm, pH value of 5.5 to 8.5, electrical conductivity (EC value) below 2.5 millisiemens / cm, technical indicators (see Table 1 for details), limit indicators (see Table 2 for details), the composted raw materials have a certain buffering capacity to maintain the biological stability of the matrix during the cultivation process;

[0052] S1-2, mixing: take the above compost and decomposed raw materials, add 200 mesh, 5-20% bentonite; 200 mesh, 2-5% calcium carbonate, mix evenly, control the moisture content to ≤25%, and set aside;

[0053] S2, preparation of sealing material: adding 0.2-1% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution to the above-mentioned base material, stirring evenly, adjusting the moisture content to 40-50% according to the adhesion of the material, and setting aside;

[0054] S3, production of integrated single-grain planting blocks: according to the shape and volume of the planting container, reserve the size of the water absorption and expansion space of the planting blocks, and make a molding mold; the planting block matrix material is molded by pressure in the mold; (hydraulic equipment ≥15 tons / square centimeter, pressure ≥1470MPa); a sowing hole is reserved on the top of the planting block, and the size and depth of the sowing hole are determined according to the size and sowing depth of the pelletized seeds of the plant, and the pelletized seeds are sown in the sowing hole by a mechanical sowing machine, and then the sowing hole is evenly covered with sealing material, and after compaction, bonding and sealing, it is dried or baked to a moisture content of ≤10%, and an integrated single-grain planting block is obtained;

[0055] S4, production of integrated multi-grain planting blocks: according to the shape and volume of the planting container, reserve the size of the water absorption and expansion space of the planting blocks, and make a molding mold; the planting block matrix material is molded by pressure in the mold; (hydraulic equipment ≥15 tons / square centimeter, pressure ≥1470MPa); the top of the planting block is reserved for plant spacing according to the sowing density of the plant, and multiple sowing holes are reserved. The size and depth of the sowing holes are determined according to the size and sowing depth of the pelletized seeds of the plant. The pelletized seeds are sown in the sowing holes by a mechanical sowing machine, and then the sowing holes are evenly covered with sealing materials. After compaction, bonding and sealing, they are dried or baked to a moisture content of ≤10%, and the integrated multi-grain planting blocks are obtained;

[0056] S5, production of combined planting blocks: according to planting containers of different specifications, reserve the size of the space for water absorption and expansion of the planting blocks, and make a molding mold; the planting block matrix material is pressure-molded in the mold (hydraulic equipment ≥15 tons / square centimeter, pressure ≥1470MPa); on the top of the planting base block, according to the plant spacing required for the normal growth space of the plant, reserve one or more fixed holes of the same size as the integrated single-grain planting block, dry or bake to a moisture content of ≤10%, and when in use, put the integrated single-grain planting block into the fixed hole to obtain the combined planting block.

[0057] Optimally, in step S1-1, the composting material is crop waste, garden organic waste, food or medicinal material processing waste, or livestock manure.

[0058] Optimized, the crop waste is any one or more of straw, tail vegetables, corn cobs, peanut shells, rice husks, cottonseed shells, rice bran, wheat bran, mushroom residues, sugarcane bagasse and sunflower shells; the garden organic waste is any one or more of peat, branches, leaves, bark, pine needles, sawdust, coconut bran and reeds; the food or medicinal material processing waste is any one or more of vinegar dregs, distiller's grains, bean dregs and Chinese medicinal material residues; the livestock manure is any one or more of cow dung, sheep dung, pig dung and chicken dung.

[0059] The optimized exogenous biological agent is a commercially available composite microbial fermentation agent.

[0060] Optimized carbon-nitrogen ratio and nutrient element adjustment are achieved through nitrogen-containing compounds, phosphorus-containing compounds, potassium-containing compounds, iron-containing compounds and trace element compounds or complex compound elements.

[0061] Optimally, in step S2, the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution can be replaced by plant glue, animal glue, microbial glue, alginate or chemically modified glue.

[0062] Table 1 Technical index requirements for composting mature raw materials

[0063] project index Mass fraction of organic matter (on a dry basis). % ≥30 <![CDATA[Mass fraction of total nutrients (N + P2O3 + K2O) (on dry basis), %]]> 1.5～4.5 Mass fraction of water (fresh sample). % ≤30 pH 5.5～8.5 Seed germination index (GI). % ≥70 The mass fraction of mechanical impurities. % ≤0.5

[0064] Table 2 Requirements for the limit index of composting mature raw materials

[0065] project index Total arsenic (As).mg / kg ≤15 Total mercury (Hg).mg / kg ≤2 Total lead (Pb).mg / kg ≤50 Total cadmium (Cd).mg / kg ≤3 Total chromium (Cr).mg / kg ≤150 Fecal coliform count, pieces / g ≤100 Ascaris egg mortality, % ≥95 Mass fraction of chloride ion, % -- Weed seed activity, plant / kg --

[0066] Example 2

[0067] An application of an integrated single-grain planting block is applied to the seedling or cultivation of horticultural flowers, fruits and vegetables, and plants with shallow roots and small soil requirements, suitable for seedling and planting in containers with a diameter of less than 10 cm. For example, fruit and vegetable seedlings, small leafy vegetables, green plants, etc., according to the standard seedling tray, seedling container, and planting container shape, reserve the space size for the planting block to disintegrate and expand when exposed to water, and make a molding mold, and pass the configured matrix material through a hydraulic device of ≥15 tons / square centimeter, pressure molding (pressure ≥1470MPa); reserve a sowing hole on the top of the planting block, and the size and depth of the sowing hole are determined according to the size of the pelletized seeds of the plant and the sowing depth; sow the pelletized seeds in the sowing hole through a mechanical sowing machine, and then evenly cover the sowing hole with a sealing material, and after compaction, bonding and sealing, dry or bake to a moisture content of ≤10%. Prepare an integrated single-grain planting block. This application integrates planting and seedling cultivation, and can realize production line methods such as fermentation, soil preparation, tray loading, sowing process, direct tray placement and layout of the planting site.

[0068] Example 3

[0069] The application of integrated multi-grain planting blocks is suitable for planting areas with large areas and high planting density. It is used in fruit and vegetable planting, ecological slope protection brick greening, lawn grids, three-dimensional green plants, flower walls, parking lot grass brick greening or matrix leafy vegetables, sprouts, etc., such as: leeks, sprouts, small leafy vegetables, etc. According to the shape and volume of the planting container, the space size for the planting block to absorb water and expand is reserved, and the forming mold is made; the planting block matrix material is formed by pressure in the mold; (hydraulic equipment ≥15 tons / square centimeter, pressure ≥1470MPa); the top of the planting block is reserved according to the sowing density of the plant, and multiple sowing holes are reserved. The size and depth of the sowing holes are determined according to the size and sowing depth of the pelletized seeds of the plant. The pelletized seeds are sown in the sowing holes by a mechanical sowing machine, and then the sowing holes are evenly covered with sealing materials. After compaction and sealing, they are dried or baked to a moisture content of ≤10%, and a one-piece multi-grain planting block is obtained; a large area of ​​planting area is divided into standard-sized planting blocks, and the one-piece multi-grain planting blocks are arranged and planted in the area. This application integrates planting and seedling cultivation, and can realize the production line methods such as fermentation, soil preparation, tray loading, sowing process, direct tray placement and layout of the planting site, and can achieve large-scale planting.

[0070] Example 4

[0071] The application of combined planting blocks is suitable for plants with large root soil requirements and large plant spacing. One or more plants can be planted in one planting container. Taking into account the physical and chemical and nutritional indicators of the substrate during the seedling and growth periods, a single-grain seedling block and a growth fixed value block are prefabricated and processed separately. When in use, first put the planting base block into the planting container, and then put the integrated single-grain planting block into the reserved fixed hole. The planting base block can be a planting bag, planting trough, planting pot, etc. It can realize factory-based and standardized planting, reduce labor input, reduce labor intensity, and does not require transplanting and planting. There is no seedling acclimatization period, which effectively improves the survival rate and production efficiency. The specific applications are as follows:

[0072] 1. Used for planting vegetables or green plants on balconies, terraces or courtyards. The length, width and height of the planting bags, pots and troughs are 30×30×25cm respectively. One pepper, two tomatoes and four strawberries can be planted. When planting, just put the assembled standard planting base blocks and integrated single-grain planting blocks into the container, and only need to carry out daily maintenance after watering.

[0073] Planting on urban balconies and terraces can meet the leisure and pastoral needs of urban residents, especially in northern regions in winter. Enclosed balconies create a relatively stable planting environment. It can solve the problem that the source of planting soil and the quality and safety of the substrate cannot be guaranteed, and there are food safety risks. The planting block has the advantages of small size, easy handling, and reasonable physical, chemical and nutritional configuration. It reduces the requirements for cultivation technology and effectively improves the survival rate, yield and quality. At the same time, it expands the application space for planting. For existing containers and soil planting, a single seedling block can be used. The planting block can be directly inserted into the soil according to the planting density, which can improve the germination rate and seedling health.

[0074] 2. Used for crossing planting varieties and color configuration in urban greening, flower beds, green belts, etc. Different varieties or colors of plants can be sown on one planting base block. Through advance proportioning and combination, text, patterns and other effects can be formed.

[0075] Example 5

[0076] Field planting and returning organic matter to the field: Since the planting block standards are unified, it is easy to realize mechanized operation. Through the effective configuration of planting blocks and pelletized seeds, the survival rate, quality and yield of plants can be effectively improved, the incidence of pests and diseases can be reduced, seeds can be saved, and the amount of fertilizer used can be reduced. At the same time, since the seeds are put into the field together with the matrix blocks, the organic matter of the land is effectively supplemented, the quality of cultivated land is improved, the cost of returning straw to the field is effectively reduced, and the soil is improved, killing two birds with one stone.

[0077] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A prefabricated integrated planting block, characterized in that: The planting blocks include integrated single-grain planting blocks, integrated multi-grain planting blocks, and combined planting blocks; The integrated single-seed planting briquette is a planting briquette formed by combining a single pelletized seed and a matrix briquette; The integrated multi-seed planting block is a planting block formed by combining a plurality of pelletized seeds and a matrix block; The combined planting block is a planting block that is a planting base block with one or more integrated single-grain planting block fixing holes reserved, and is combined with an integrated single-grain planting block.

2. The method for preparing a prefabricated integrated planting block according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps include: S1, Matrix material preparation S1-1, raw material preparation: crush the compost material into a certain particle size, and adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio, nutrient elements, particle size, pH value and moisture content according to the coordination requirements of different plant species in the seedling and growth stages for the physical and chemical properties of the substrate, water, air and fertilizer, and then add exogenous biological agents to fully compost and decompose, with a moisture content of ≤30% for standby use; S1-2, mixing: take the above compost and decomposed raw materials, add 200 mesh, 5-20% bentonite; 200 mesh, 2-5% calcium carbonate, mix evenly, control the moisture content to ≤25%, and set aside; S2, preparation of sealing material: adding 0.2-1% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution to the above-mentioned base material, stirring evenly, adjusting the moisture content to 40-50% according to the adhesion of the material, and setting aside; S3, production of integrated single-grain planting blocks: according to the shape and volume of the planting container, a space size for the planting block to absorb water and expand is reserved to make a molding mold; the planting block matrix material is placed in the mold and molded by pressure; a sowing hole is reserved on the top of the planting block, and the size and depth of the sowing hole are determined according to the size and sowing depth of the pelletized seeds of the plant, and the pelletized seeds are sown in the sowing hole by a mechanical sowing machine, and then the sowing hole is evenly covered with a sealing material, and after compaction, bonding and sealing, it is air-dried or baked to a moisture content of ≤10%, thus obtaining an integrated single-grain planting block; S4, production of integrated multi-grain planting blocks: according to the shape and volume of the planting container, the water absorption and expansion space size of the planting blocks is reserved, and a forming mold is made; the planting block matrix material is placed in the mold and formed by pressure; the top of the planting block is reserved for the spacing of the plants according to the sowing density of the plants, and multiple sowing holes are reserved. The size and depth of the sowing holes are determined according to the size and sowing depth of the pelletized seeds of the plants. The pelletized seeds are sown in the sowing holes by a mechanical sowing machine, and then the sowing holes are evenly covered with sealing materials. After compaction, bonding and sealing, the holes are air-dried or baked to a moisture content of ≤10%, and the integrated multi-grain planting blocks are obtained; S5, production of combined planting blocks: according to planting containers of different specifications, reserve the size of the space for the planting blocks to absorb water and expand, and make a molding mold; the planting block matrix material is placed in the mold and molded by pressure; on the top of the planting base block, according to the spacing required for the normal growth space of the plant, reserve one or more fixed holes of the same size as the integrated single-grain planting block, dry or bake until the moisture content is ≤10%, and when in use, put the integrated single-grain planting block into the fixed hole to obtain the combined planting block.

3. The method for preparing a prefabricated integrated planting block according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S1-1, the composting material is crop waste, garden organic waste, food or medicinal material processing waste, and livestock manure.

4. The method for preparing a prefabricated integrated planting block according to claim 3, characterized in that: The crop waste is any one or more of straw, tail vegetables, corn cobs, peanut shells, rice husks, cottonseed shells, rice bran, wheat bran, mushroom residue, sugarcane bagasse and sunflower shells; the garden organic waste is any one or more of peat, branches, leaves, bark, pine needles, sawdust, coconut bran and reeds; the food or medicinal material processing waste is any one or more of vinegar dregs, distiller's grains, bean dregs and Chinese medicinal material residues; the livestock manure is any one or more of cow dung, sheep dung, pig dung and chicken dung.

5. The method for preparing a prefabricated integrated planting block according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S1-1, the bulk density of the composted raw material is 0.1 to 0.8 g / cm 3 , total porosity of 54% to 96%, particle size of 0.3 to 7.5 mm, pH value of 5.5 to 8.5, conductivity below 2.5 millisiemens / cm, and the limit index requirements shall be implemented in accordance with NY / T525-2021. The composted raw materials have a certain buffering capacity to maintain the biological stability of the matrix during the cultivation process.

6. The method for preparing a prefabricated integrated planting block according to claim 5, characterized in that: The exogenous biological agent is a commercially available composite microbial fermentation agent, and the composite fermentation agent is added according to the ratio of one kilogram of composite fermentation agent to 5 to 8 tons of fermentation material; the high temperature fermentation period is maintained at 55 to 70°C for 5 to 7 days, and after aging for 30 to 45 days, a moisture content of ≤30% and a total amount of 40 to 60% of mature and stable basic material are obtained. In order to ensure the quality of the compost, secondary composting can be carried out according to actual conditions.

7. The method for preparing a prefabricated integrated planting block according to claim 2, characterized in that: The carbon-nitrogen ratio and nutrient elements are adjusted by nitrogen-containing compounds, phosphorus-containing compounds, potassium-containing compounds, iron-containing compounds and trace element compounds or composite chemical elements; wherein the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture is 20-30:1, and the moisture content is 50-65%.

8. The method for preparing a prefabricated integrated planting block according to claim 2, characterized in that: In steps S3, S4 and S5, pressure forming uses hydraulic equipment with a capacity of ≥15 tons / cm2 and a pressure of ≥1470 MPa.

9. The method for preparing a prefabricated integrated planting block according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S2, the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution can be replaced by plant glue, animal glue, microbial glue, alginic glue or chemically modified glue.

10. The use of a prefabricated integrated planting block according to claim 1, characterized in that: The planting block is used as a planting carrier or a planting body itself in different scenarios. The integrated single-grain planting block is used for horticultural flowers, fruit and vegetable seedlings or cultivation; the integrated multi-grain planting block is used for fruit and vegetable planting, ecological slope protection brick greening, lawn grid, three-dimensional green plants, flower walls, parking lot grass brick greening or matrix leafy vegetables, sprout vegetables; the combined planting block is used for factory-based and standardized planting, or balcony, terrace and courtyard fruit and vegetable planting.

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