Salt-resistant hulled oat seed coating material and treatment method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural production, and in particular relates to a salt-resistant hulled oat seed coating material and a treatment method thereof. The salt-resistant husk oat seed coating material is prepared from the following raw materials: 70 to 80g of talcum powder, 70 to 80g of diatomite, 40 to 60mL of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution with the concentration of 1.5 weight percent, 0.5 to 0.7 g of trichoderma and 40 to 60mL of plant growth regulator solution with the concentration of 150 mu mol / L, and the plant growth regulator is indoleacetic acid (IAA). The oat seed coating material suitable for the saline-alkali soil is obtained, the emergence rate of oat seeds used in the saline-alkali soil is high after coating treatment, various properties are better, and large-scale application of oat planting in the saline-alkali soil is promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural production, and in particular relates to a salt-tolerant oat seed coating material and a processing method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Seed coating, also known as seed pelleting material, is a material that uses some binders, fillers, additives and other materials to wrap a layer of material around the seed, which increases the volume and weight of the seed and provides nutrition for the germination and growth of the seed. At the same time, some repellents and other substances can be added to repel the harm of pikas and rabbits. The characteristic of seed coating is that it swells and breathes when it encounters water in the soil without being dissolved, so that the seeds can germinate normally and the pesticides and fertilizers can be released slowly. It can effectively kill underground pests, prevent and control seed bacteria and seedling pests, reduce the amount of seeds used, reduce the amount of pesticides used, and protect the environment.

[0003] Seed coating treatment has a good promoting effect on providing seed spraying results. CN202111596989.3 discloses a seed coating agent, which uses micro-fertilizer and ammonium bicarbonate as fertilizers, chlormequat and brassinolide as plant growth regulators, styrene acrylic emulsion and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose as fixatives, and is combined with Trichoderma harzianum, nutrient matrix, water retaining agent, film-forming agent, antifreeze agent, filler and chelating agent. The comprehensive formula can significantly improve the stress resistance of plants, improve the germination rate and emergence rate of crops under low temperature conditions, and has the advantages of promoting seedling growth and increasing production. The prepared coated seeds are particularly suitable for reseeding operations in degraded grasslands in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

[0004] Plant growth regulators are common seed coating material additives that have the effects of regulating plant growth and development, plant physiological processes, and enhancing plant stress resistance. Trichoderma belongs to microbial agents, which have the effects of biological control, promoting plant growth, and inducing plant resistance. There are precedents in the prior art for using the above materials as seed coating agents. For example, CN202311464908.3 discloses a konjac seed coating agent, in which biocontrol bacteria, Chinese medicine extracts, growth regulators, inducers, and film-forming agents are mixed to form a coating agent. Before planting konjac seed taro, biological agents are used for coating, which can play a long-term role in preventing and controlling konjac soft rot during the seedling stage and the growth period, with a control effect of more than 68.79%.

[0005] The area of ​​saline-alkali land in China is about 100 million hectares, which is equivalent to 1.8 billion mu of arable land in China. Most of them are soda-alkali type, with low total salt content in the soil, but high pH value. These saline-alkali soils have high organic matter content, heavy soil texture, good water and fertilizer retention performance, and high crop yields after reclamation and utilization. Oats are an important source of food and feed and are widely planted in my country, but oat varieties are usually not salt-tolerant. Excessive soil salinity will inhibit seed germination and growth. Oat seeds have low survival rate, slow growth, and low yield in saline-alkali land. At present, there is no effective method to improve the germination rate of oat seeds and promote the growth of oat seedlings in saline-alkali land. Therefore, it is necessary to study the molecular regulatory mechanism of oat response to saline-alkali stress and the corresponding seed coating materials. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention uses Qinghai 444 oats as test seeds, develops one or more seed coating agents that can improve the salt tolerance of oat seeds as the main test content, screens out a better combination of coating materials, and proves that plant growth regulators combined with Trichoderma agents as coating materials can effectively improve the stress resistance of oat seeds, so that they can enter the rapid growth stage ahead of time as the ultimate goal.

[0007] In order to achieve the purpose of the above invention, based on the above research ideas, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: The first technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a salt-tolerant oat seed coating material, which is composed of the following raw materials: 140-160 g of powder, 40-60 mL of a 1.5 wt% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution, 0.5-0.7 g of a microbial agent, and 40-60 mL of a 150 μmol / L plant growth regulator solution.

[0008] Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na) aqueous solution is selected as the film-forming agent of the coating material. It has good compatibility with oat seeds and is more suitable for coating oat seeds than other film-forming agents. According to research, the concentration of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution has a great influence on the coating effect of oat seeds, and the coating effect is best when the concentration of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution is 1.5%.

[0009] Preferably, the powder is one or two of talcum powder and diatomaceous earth, preferably a combination of the two. The present application uses talcum powder and diatomaceous earth as fillers for coating materials, which have better filling performance than other fillers. The raw material of talcum powder is easy to obtain and has certain antibacterial effects, which can effectively inhibit the seeds from being invaded by pathogens; diatomaceous earth has certain hygroscopic properties, which helps to keep the seeds moist. The combination of the two has a synergistic effect on the antibacterial and moisturizing of oat seeds. The present application uses the same amount of talcum powder and diatomaceous earth, and the coating formula obtained at this time is the best.

[0010] Preferably, the plant growth regulator is indoleacetic acid IAA.

[0011] Preferably, the microbial agent is Trichoderma.

[0012] Plant growth regulators are common seed coating material additives that have the effects of regulating plant growth and development, plant physiological processes, and enhancing plant stress resistance. Trichoderma is a microbial agent that has the effects of biological control, promoting plant growth, and inducing plant resistance. The combined use of the two is the inventive point of this technical solution, which can greatly improve the germination rate, germination potential, germination index and vitality index of coated oat seeds. Compared with the treatment of a single agent, the treatment with Trichoderma + plant growth regulator has a better growth-promoting effect on oat seeds under salt stress than the treatment with Trichoderma.

[0013] This application screened the concentration of the plant growth regulator solution and ultimately determined that 150 μmol / L was the optimal concentration.

[0014] The second technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide a method for coating salt-tolerant oat seeds, comprising the following steps: (1) Soak 190-210 g of oat seeds in a 150 μmol / L plant growth regulator solution for 2-3 h, and then dry in the shade for 12 h; (2) The above-mentioned salt-tolerant oat seed coating material is used to coat the oat seeds.

[0015] In the above steps, the oat seeds are first soaked in a plant growth regulator solution of a certain concentration, which is beneficial for the seeds to more fully receive the stimulation of plant hormones, promote seed germination, and enhance seed resistance.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: (1) The present application adopts specific raw materials and proportions to obtain oat seed coating materials suitable for saline-alkali land. The oat seeds used in saline-alkali land have a high germination rate after coating treatment and better performance, which is conducive to promoting the large-scale application of oat planting in saline-alkali land.

[0017] (2) This application innovatively combines the plant growth regulator IAA and Trichoderma for the first time as oat seed coating materials. The optimal ratio is obtained by utilizing the characteristics of the two and fully testing their concentrations and dosages. This greatly improves the germination rate, germination potential, germination index and vitality index of the coated oat seeds, and improves the growth-promoting effect of oat seeds under salt stress. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1The following are photos of the coating effects of oat seeds coated with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose at different concentrations, wherein A is comparative example 7, B is example 1, and C is comparative example 8.

[0019] Figure 2 It is a germination experiment diagram of the germination of oat seeds in Example 1 and Comparative Example 9 under the culture condition of 24°C, wherein Treatment 3 is Example 1 and CK is Comparative Example 9.

[0020] Figure 3 It is the growth condition of oat seedlings grown under salt stress for 15 days in Example 1 and Comparative Example 9, wherein Treatment 3 is Example 1 and CK is Comparative Example 9; Bar=2.5cm. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The following embodiments and comparative examples are all based on the seeds of Oatmeal Qinghai 444 as the research object, and the raw material components can be purchased on the market.

[0022] Example 1 A salt-tolerant oat seed coating material is composed of the following raw materials: 75 g of talcum powder, 75 g of diatomaceous earth, 50 ml of a 1.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution, 0.6 g of Trichoderma, and 50 ml of a 150 μmol / L IAA solution.

[0023] The above-mentioned salt-tolerant oat seed coating treatment method comprises the following steps: (1) Soak 200 g of oat seeds in 150 μmol / L IAA solution for 2.5 h, and then dry in the shade for 12 h; (2) The above-mentioned salt-tolerant oat seed coating material is used to coat the oat seeds.

[0024] Example 2 A salt-tolerant oat seed coating material is composed of the following raw materials: 70 g of talcum powder, 70 g of diatomaceous earth, 50 ml of a 1.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution, 0.5 g of Trichoderma, and 40 ml of a 150 μmol / L IAA solution.

[0025] The above-mentioned salt-tolerant oat seed coating treatment method comprises the following steps: (1) Soak 200 g of oat seeds in 150 μmol / L IAA solution for 3 h, and then dry in the shade for 12 h. (2) The above-mentioned salt-tolerant oat seed coating material is used to coat the oat seeds.

[0026] Example 3 A salt-tolerant oat seed coating material is composed of the following raw materials: 80 g of talcum powder, 80 g of diatomaceous earth, 50 ml of a 1.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution, 0.7 g of Trichoderma, and 60 ml of a 150 μmol / L IAA solution.

[0027] The above-mentioned salt-tolerant oat seed coating treatment method comprises the following steps: (1) Soak 200 g of oat seeds in 150 μmol / L IAA solution for 2 h, and then dry in the shade for 12 h; (2) The above-mentioned salt-tolerant oat seed coating material is used to coat the oat seeds.

[0028] Comparative Example 1 The same raw material ratio and process as in Example 1 were used, with the only difference being that 50 μmol / L IAA solution was used instead of 150 μmol / L IAA solution.

[0029] Comparative Example 2 The same raw material ratio and process as in Example 1 were used, with the only difference being that 100 μmol / L IAA solution was used instead of 150 μmol / L IAA solution.

[0030] Comparative Example 3 The same raw material ratio and process as in Example 1 were used, with the only difference being that 50 μmol / L GA solution was used instead of 150 μmol / L IAA solution.

[0031] Comparative Example 4 The same raw material ratio and process as in Example 1 were used, with the only difference being that 100 μmol / L GA solution was used instead of 150 μmol / L IAA solution.

[0032] Comparative Example 5 The same raw material ratio and process as in Example 1 were used, with the only difference being that 150 μmol / L GA solution was used instead of 150 μmol / L IAA solution.

[0033] Comparative Example 6 The same raw material ratio and process as in Example 1 were used, with the only difference being that the coating material formula did not contain 150 μmol / L IAA solution.

[0034] Comparative Example 7 The same raw material ratio and process as in Example 1 were used, the only difference being that 50 ml of 1% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution was used.

[0035] Comparative Example 8 The same raw material ratio and process as in Example 1 were used, the only difference being that 50 ml of 2% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution was used.

[0036] Comparative Example 9 The control group was oat seeds without coating treatment.

[0037] Performance Testing The humidity of the light incubator was 60%, the temperature was 24℃, the light treatment was 12 h, and the dark treatment was 12 h. During the experiment, distilled water was added every 1 day to keep the filter paper moist. The day when the seeds were placed on the filter paper was the 0th day for each treatment. The experiment set up 8 treatment groups and repeated 3 times. The following indicators were measured every day during the experiment: (1) Germination rate (%) = number of seeds germinated in 7 days / number of test seeds × 100; (2) Germination potential (%) = number of seeds germinated in 5 days / number of test seeds × 100; (3) Germination index (GI) = Σ(G t / t); (4) Vitality index (VI) = GI × length of seedling root bud on the 7th day.

[0038] In the formula, G t is the number of germinated seeds on day t.

[0039] The seed seedling experiment adopted the potting method, the humidity of the light incubator was 50%, the temperature was 24℃, the light treatment was 12h, and the dark treatment was 12h. The oat seeds were planted in saline-alkali soil. The day of sowing for each treatment was 0 days. 100 ml of 100 mmol / L (NaCl:Na2SO4 =1:1) salt solution stress was carried out on 0 days, 5 days, and 10 days. The experiment set up 8 treatments and repeated 3 times. During the experiment, tap water was supplemented every 2 days, and the indicators such as seedling rate, plant height, and young root length were measured on the 15th day.

[0040] Results Analysis Figure 1 The figures are photos of coating effects of oat seeds coated with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose at different concentrations, wherein A / B / C correspond to Comparative Example 7, Example 1, and Comparative Example 8, respectively. It can be seen that by observing the oat seeds coated with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose at different concentrations, it is found that the oat seeds coated with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose at a concentration of 1.5% have the best effect, while the oat seeds coated with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose at a concentration of 1% are not completely coated, and the oat seeds coated with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose at a concentration of 2% have uneven seed coating thickness due to excessive concentration. The coating effects are arranged from high to low in the order of Example 1>Comparative Example 7>Comparative Example 8.

[0041] Table 1 shows the germination rate, germination potential, germination index and vitality index of the coated oat seeds in various embodiments and comparative examples.

[0042] Note: Different letters indicate significant differences in statistical analysis among different treatments (P>0.05).

[0043] As shown in Table 1, the germination rate and germination potential of the oatmeal seeds after coating treatment were significantly lower than those of the control (Comparative Example 9) (P<0.05). Compared with other coating treatment groups, the germination rate of Example 1 was as high as 59.72%, which was significantly higher than that of the GA treatment and the treatment without adding plant growth regulators (Comparative Examples 3-6). In terms of germination index, the germination index of the uncoated seeds was as high as 32.11%, which was not significantly different from that of Examples 1-3, but significantly higher than that of other treatments (P<0.05). Through the determination of the vitality index, it was found that the seed vitality index after coating treatment was significantly higher than that of the control treatment (Comparative Example 9), among which the vitality index of Examples 1-3 was as high as 206.45, which was significantly higher than that of other treatments (Comparative Examples 1-6) (P<0.05). By statistically analyzing the germination period indicators of the coated oatmeal seeds, although the seed germination rate will be reduced after coating treatment, the vitality index of the seeds can be improved, especially the coating treatment carried out by the technology of the present application has greatly enhanced its vitality index. And from the comparison between the embodiment and the comparative example, it can be seen that after the oat seeds are coated by the technical scheme of the present application, their germination rate, germination potential, germination index and vitality index are significantly higher than those of the comparative example.

[0044] Figure 2 The germination experiment diagram of the germination of oat seeds in Example 1 and Comparative Example 9 under the culture condition of 24°C. Compared with the control group (Comparative Example 9), the oat seeds in Example 1 grew faster and had enlarged leaves; the control group grew slowly and had narrow leaves. The experimental results show that the trichoderma agent + auxin coating promoted the germination of oat seeds.

[0045] Table 2 shows the effects of the coating treatments of the embodiments and comparative examples on oat seedlings under salt stress.

[0046] Note: Different letters indicate significant differences in statistical analysis among different treatments (P>0.05).

[0047] As shown in Table 2, different treatments can all normally emerge under salt stress, and the emergence rate of each treatment can reach more than 80% by the 15th day, but the 4-day emergence rate and 15-day emergence rate of Examples 1-3 after treatment are significantly higher than those of other treatments, and the 15-day emergence rate reaches 100%. In terms of plant height, since coating has a promoting effect on plants, the 15-day plant height of each embodiment and Comparative Examples 1-6 is higher than that of Comparative Example 9, and the plant height of Example 1-3 alone is significantly higher than that of other treatments and uncoated seeds (Comparative Example 9).

[0048] Figure 3 The growth conditions of oat seedlings grown under salt stress for 15 days in Example 1 and Comparative Example 9; Bar = 2.5 cm. It can be seen that the Trichoderma agent combined with the plant growth regulator coating promotes the root growth of oat seedlings under salt stress ( Figure 3 ), the longest root length of Example 1 was 16.8 cm, which was greater than that of other treatments and significantly higher than that of Comparative Example 9 (10.8 cm) (P<0.05).

[0049] In summary, through the study of the effects of Trichoderma, plant growth regulators, adhesives, etc. on the germination and seedling stages of coated seeds, the results show that different coating treatments improve the indicators of the germination and seedling stages of oat seeds to varying degrees. During the seed germination period, the germination rate, germination potential, and germination index after the coating treatment are not as good as those of the uncoated treatment, but the vitality index is much higher than that of the uncoated treatment, and the seeds grow more rapidly and the leaves are hypertrophic, indicating that the Trichoderma + auxin coating has a promoting effect on the germination of oat seeds, and the coating treatment using the technical solution of the present application has higher performance indicators than the comparative example. Under salt stress conditions, the coating treatment using the technical solution of the present application greatly improves the stress resistance of seeds, improves the emergence rate and plant height of oat seeds under salt stress, and promotes the growth of the root system.

[0050] In summary, when the ratio of talcum powder: diatomaceous earth is (70-80): (70-80), the amount of Trichoderma is 0.5-0.7g, the concentration of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose is 1.5%, the auxin is 150μM / L and the IAA growth hormone is used, the coating formula is optimal. The germination rate under this treatment is 59.72%, the germination potential is 55.56%, the germination index is 26.1, the vitality index is 206.45, the seedling rate is 100%, the average plant height is 20.3cm, and the average root length is 16.8cm. All the data are the most balanced, and it is a formula worthy of promotion and application.

[0051] Those skilled in the art should understand that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments and that various changes, substitutions and alterations may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A salt-tolerant oat seed coating material, characterized in that: The invention is composed of the following components: 140-160 g of powder, 40-60 mL of a 1.5 wt% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution, 0.5-0.7 g of a microbial agent, and 40-60 mL of a 150 μmol / L plant growth regulator solution; the plant growth regulator is indoleacetic acid IAA, and the microbial agent is Trichoderma.

2. The salt-tolerant oat seed coating material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The powders are talc and diatomaceous earth.

3. The salt-tolerant oat seed coating material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The powder comprises 70-80 g of talcum powder and 70-80 g of diatomaceous earth.

4. The salt-tolerant oat seed coating material according to claim 3, characterized in that: The powder comprises 75 g of talcum powder and 75 g of diatomaceous earth.

5. A salt-tolerant oat seed coating material according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that: The invention is composed of the following components: 75 g of diatomaceous earth, 75 g of talc, 50 mL of a 1.5 wt% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution, 0.6 g of Trichoderma, and 50 mL of a 150 μmol / L plant growth regulator solution.

6. A method for processing a salt-tolerant oat seed coating material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) Soak 190-210 g of oat seeds in a 150 μmol / L plant growth regulator solution for 2-3 h, and then dry in the shade for 12 h; (2) The salt-tolerant oat seed coating material is used to coat the oat seeds.

7. The method for processing a salt-tolerant oat seed coating material according to claim 6, characterized in that: The plant growth regulator is indoleacetic acid IAA.

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