A pleural effusion drainage device and method for critically ill patients based on the change in drainage volume

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of medical devices, and specifically to a pleural effusion drainage device and method for critically ill patients based on the change of drainage volume. The pleural effusion drainage device for critically ill patients based on the change of drainage volume includes a box body and a liquid collection cylinder arranged on the side of the box body through an elastic support mechanism, and further includes: a drainage tube group, including a first catheter, a second catheter and a third catheter installed on the box body. The first catheter and the second catheter are connected through a conduction control mechanism. One end of the first catheter away from the second catheter is connected to a drainage needle tube. Two ports respectively adapted to the second catheter and the third catheter are arranged on the liquid collection cylinder to form a drainage passage for pleural effusion. Finally, the function of automatically adjusting and changing the drainage volume is realized, making the whole drainage process more gentle, effectively reducing the discomfort and tension of patients, and being suitable for popularization and use.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of medical devices, and specifically to a pleural effusion drainage device and method for critically ill patients based on the change of drainage volume. Background Art

[0002] Pleural effusion is a common clinical syndrome characterized by the pathological accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity. Patients usually present with symptoms such as shortness of breath, chest pain, cough, and fever. Currently, in addition to drug treatment, for severe patients, medical staff generally use the method of drainage to directly extract and remove pleural effusion, which requires the use of a special drainage device.

[0003] In the existing effusion drainage device, during use, the principle of negative pressure suction is usually utilized, that is, negative pressure is set at the collection end of the effusion. During the negative pressure balance process, the pleural effusion is sucked and removed. However, in the previous stage of the above drainage process, the effusion extraction rate is often relatively fast, which easily leads to an uneven progress of the effusion drainage in the patient's chest cavity, thereby causing obvious discomfort to the patient and may also increase the patient's sense of nervousness, making it difficult to achieve the ideal use effect. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a pleural effusion drainage device for critically ill patients based on the change of drainage volume, so as to solve the problems raised in the above background art.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A pleural effusion drainage device for critically ill patients based on the change of drainage volume, comprising a box body and a liquid collection cylinder disposed on the side of the box body through an elastic support mechanism, and further comprising:

[0007] A drainage tube group, including a first catheter, a second catheter, and a third catheter installed on the box body. The first catheter and the second catheter are connected through a conduction control mechanism. One end of the first catheter away from the second catheter is connected to a drainage needle tube. Two ports adapted to the second catheter and the third catheter are provided on the liquid collection cylinder to form a drainage passage for pleural effusion;

[0008] A negative pressure forming mechanism, installed inside the box body and connected to one end of the third catheter away from the port. The negative pressure forming mechanism is used to form negative pressure inside the liquid collection cylinder through the third catheter. When the valve provided on the second catheter is opened, the pleural effusion can enter the liquid collection cylinder through the drainage passage;

[0009] A follow-up mechanism is installed inside the box and connects the negative pressure forming mechanism and the conduction control mechanism. The follow-up mechanism is triggered during the process of the pleural effusion being sucked into the liquid collection cylinder, and drives the conduction control mechanism to reduce the cross-sectional conduction amount of the drainage passage, so that the change range of the flow velocity of the effusion in the drainage passage gradually decreases.

[0010] As a further solution of the present invention: The negative pressure forming mechanism includes a negative pressure box fixed inside the box and a piston plate sealed and slidably arranged in the negative pressure box. A negative pressure chamber connected to the follow-up mechanism is formed between the piston plate and the top wall of the negative pressure box. The third conduit is communicated with the negative pressure chamber. An electric telescopic rod is also installed inside the box, and the movable end of the electric telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the piston plate.

[0011] As a further solution of the present invention: The conduction control mechanism includes a driven pipe fitting with two ends respectively sealed and rotatably connected to the first conduit and the second conduit. A circular convex platform is rotatably installed in the first conduit. A plurality of through holes are provided on the circular convex platform, and a conduction adjustment component matched with the circular convex platform is provided in the driven pipe fitting;

[0012] Among them, the driven pipe fitting is also connected to the follow-up mechanism. The follow-up mechanism can drive the driven pipe fitting to rotate, and prompt the conduction adjustment component to move axially along the first conduit.

[0013] As a further solution of the present invention: The conduction adjustment component includes a movable ring movably arranged in the driven pipe fitting through two sets of telescopic connectors and a plurality of conical parts fixed to the side of the movable ring facing the circular convex platform through a plurality of connecting columns. The conical parts are adapted to the through holes;

[0014] Among them, two spiral convex parts are equidistantly arranged along the circumference on the inner wall of the first conduit. Two grooves adapted to the spiral convex parts are equidistantly arranged along the circumference on the side of the movable ring facing the spiral convex parts. A sleeve is also fixed at the eccentric position of the circular convex platform, and the sleeve is slidably sleeved with a cross bar fixed in the movable ring.

[0015] As a further solution of the present invention: The follow-up mechanism includes a balance movable component arranged on the side of the negative pressure box and communicated with the negative pressure chamber and a sliding fit structure arranged inside the box and connected to the driven pipe fitting. The balance movable component is triggered when the pressure in the negative pressure chamber changes, and can prompt the sliding fit structure to drive the driven pipe fitting to rotate.

[0016] As a further solution of the present invention: The balance activity component includes a cylinder fixedly installed on the side of the negative pressure box and communicated with the negative pressure chamber through two connecting pipes, a piston disk hermetically sliding inside the cylinder, and two upright columns fixedly connected to the piston disk. The two upright columns penetrate through the top of the cylinder and are hermetically slidably connected to the cylinder;

[0017] Wherein, a first cylindrical spring is sleeved on the outer periphery of the upright column, and two ends of the first cylindrical spring are respectively connected to the top wall of the cylinder and the piston disk. The two upright columns are also fixedly connected with a cross arm, and the cross arm is connected with the sliding fit structure.

[0018] As a further solution of the present invention: The sliding fit structure includes a guide rod fixed in the box body, a slider slidably arranged on the guide rod, and a driving ring slidably sleeved on the driven pipe fitting and fixed to the slider. A follower rod is arranged between the slider and the cross arm, and two ends of the follower rod are respectively rotatably connected to the cross arm and the slider;

[0019] Wherein, a chute is arranged on the outer wall of the driven pipe fitting, the chute is arranged in a spiral shape, and a convex circle adapted to the chute is arranged on the inner wall of the driving ring. The convex circle extends into the chute and is slidably connected with the driven pipe fitting.

[0020] As a further solution of the present invention: An installation chamber is arranged on the side of the box body. The elastic support mechanism includes two vertical rods fixedly installed in the installation chamber, two connecting blocks respectively slidably arranged on the two vertical rods, and a support table fixedly connected to the two connecting blocks. A third cylindrical spring is also sleeved on the outer periphery of the vertical rod, one end of the third cylindrical spring is connected to the bottom wall of the installation chamber, and the other end is connected to the connecting block.

[0021] A method for draining pleural effusion of critically ill patients by using the pleural effusion drainage device for critically ill patients based on the change of drainage volume includes the following steps:

[0022] Step 1, assemble the liquid collection cylinder to the side of the box body through the elastic support mechanism, and make the two through ports be hermetically docked with the second catheter and the third catheter respectively;

[0023] Step 2, connect the drainage needle tube to the first catheter, insert the drainage needle tube into the pleural effusion of the patient, and the negative pressure forming mechanism works to promote the formation of negative pressure in the liquid collection cylinder;

[0024] Step 3, open the valve, and the pleural effusion will be successively sucked into the liquid collection cylinder through the first catheter, the conduction control mechanism and the second catheter, and the follow-up mechanism is triggered to promote the conduction control mechanism to reduce the conduction amount of the drainage path;

[0025] Step 4: After the drainage is completed, close the valve and remove the liquid collection cylinder from the elastic support mechanism.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The present invention has a novel design. During actual use, after the installation of the liquid collection cylinder is completed, first, connect the disposable drainage needle tube to the first catheter. The negative pressure forming mechanism operates, and through the third catheter, a negative pressure is formed inside the liquid collection cylinder. Then, open the valve. Thus, under the action of negative pressure suction, the pleural effusion will be successively sucked into the liquid collection cylinder through the first catheter, the conduction control mechanism, and the second catheter. During this process, the follow-up mechanism is triggered, which can drive the conduction control mechanism to reduce the cross-sectional conduction amount of the drainage passage, so that the change range of the flow rate of the effusion in the drainage passage gradually decreases, avoiding obvious discomfort to the patient due to the too fast flow rate of the effusion in the front stage of drainage. Therefore, the function of automatically adjusting and changing the drainage volume is realized, making the entire drainage process more gentle, effectively reducing the discomfort and tension of the patient, and being suitable for popularization and use. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a pleural effusion drainage device for critically ill patients based on the change of drainage volume.

[0028] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of another angle of an embodiment of a pleural effusion drainage device for critically ill patients based on the change of drainage volume.

[0029] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the box body in an embodiment of a pleural effusion drainage device for critically ill patients based on the change of drainage volume.

[0030] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of another angle of the internal structure of the box body in an embodiment of a pleural effusion drainage device for critically ill patients based on the change of drainage volume.

[0031] Figure 5 It is Figure 5 an enlarged structural diagram of part A in

[0032] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship between the negative pressure forming mechanism and the follow-up mechanism in an embodiment of a pleural effusion drainage device for critically ill patients based on the change of drainage volume.

[0033] Figure 7 It is an exploded view of the structure of the follow-up mechanism in an embodiment of a pleural effusion drainage device for critically ill patients based on the change of drainage volume.

[0034] Figure 8 It is Figure 8 a schematic structural diagram of another angle.

[0035] Figure 9 The structural schematic diagram of the conduction control mechanism in an embodiment of a pleural effusion drainage device for critically ill patients based on the change of drainage volume.

[0036] Figure 10 The structural explosion diagram of the conduction control mechanism in an embodiment of a pleural effusion drainage device for critically ill patients based on the change of drainage volume.

[0037] In the figure: 1. Box body; 2. Liquid collecting cylinder; 201. Through port; 3. First catheter; 301. Spiral convex part; 302. Circular boss; 4. Second catheter; 401. Valve; 5. Third catheter; 6. Negative pressure box; 7. Piston plate; 8. Electric telescopic rod; 9. Cylinder; 10. Piston disc; 11. First cylindrical spring; 12. Second cylindrical spring; 13. Third cylindrical spring; 14. Guide cylinder; 15. Telescopic shaft; 16. Connecting pipe; 17. Cross arm; 18. Follow-up rod; 19. Guide rod; 20. Slide block; 21. Driving ring; 2101. Convex circle; 22. Driven pipe fitting; 2201. Chute; 23. Column; 24. Movable ring; 2401. Groove; 25. Connecting column; 26. Conical part; 27. Vertical rod; 2701. Connecting block; 28. Supporting platform; 29. Sleeve; 30. Cross bar. Detailed implementation manners

[0038] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0039] In addition, an element in the present invention is referred to as being "fixed to" or "disposed on" another element, and it can be directly on the other element or there can also be an intermediate element. When an element is considered to be "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intermediate element at the same time. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "left", "right" and similar expressions used herein are only for the purpose of illustration and do not represent the only implementation manner.

[0040] Please refer to Figures 1 - 10 , in the embodiment of the present invention, a pleural effusion drainage device for critically ill patients based on the change of drainage volume includes a box body 1 and a liquid collecting cylinder 2 disposed on the side of the box body 1 through an elastic supporting mechanism, and further includes:

[0041] The drainage tube group includes a first catheter 3, a second catheter 4, and a third catheter 5 installed on the box body 1. The first catheter 3 and the second catheter 4 are connected by a conduction control mechanism. One end of the first catheter 3 away from the second catheter 4 is connected to a drainage needle tube. Two ports 201 adapted to the second catheter 4 and the third catheter 5 respectively are provided on the liquid collection cylinder 2 to form a drainage passage for pleural effusion;

[0042] The negative pressure forming mechanism is installed inside the box body 1 and is connected to one end of the third catheter 5 away from the port 201. The negative pressure forming mechanism is used to form a negative pressure inside the liquid collection cylinder 2 through the third catheter 5. When the valve 401 provided on the second catheter 4 is opened, pleural effusion can enter the liquid collection cylinder 2 through the drainage passage;

[0043] The follow-up mechanism is installed inside the box body 1 and connects the negative pressure forming mechanism and the conduction control mechanism. The follow-up mechanism is triggered during the process of sucking the pleural effusion into the liquid collection cylinder 2, and drives the conduction control mechanism to reduce the cross-sectional conduction amount of the drainage passage, so that the change amplitude of the flow rate of the effusion in the drainage passage gradually decreases.

[0044] During actual use, after the installation of the liquid collection cylinder 2 is completed, first, connect a disposable drainage needle tube to the first catheter 3. The negative pressure forming mechanism works to form a negative pressure inside the liquid collection cylinder 2 through the third catheter 5, and then open the valve 401. Then, under the action of negative pressure suction, the pleural effusion will be successively sucked into the liquid collection cylinder 2 through the first catheter 3, the conduction control mechanism, and the second catheter 4. During this process, the follow-up mechanism is triggered and can drive the conduction control mechanism to reduce the cross-sectional conduction amount of the drainage passage, so that the change amplitude of the flow rate of the effusion in the drainage passage gradually decreases, avoiding obvious discomfort to the patient due to the too fast flow rate of the effusion in the front stage of drainage. Therefore, the function of automatically adjusting and changing the drainage volume is realized, making the whole drainage process more gentle, effectively reducing the discomfort and tension of the patient, and being suitable for popularization and use.

[0045] Please refer to again Figure 6 As shown, the negative pressure forming mechanism includes a negative pressure box 6 fixed inside the box body 1 and a piston plate 7 sealed and slidably arranged in the negative pressure box 6. A negative pressure chamber connected to the follow-up mechanism is formed between the piston plate 7 and the top wall of the negative pressure box 6. The third catheter 5 is communicated with the negative pressure chamber. An electric telescopic rod 8 is also installed inside the box body 1, and the movable end of the electric telescopic rod 8 is fixedly connected to the piston plate 7.

[0046] During operation, after the assembly of the liquid collecting cylinder 2 is completed, when the electric telescopic rod 8 operates, it will drive the piston plate 7 to gradually slide towards the outside of the negative pressure box 6. As a result, a negative pressure is formed between the negative pressure box 6 and the inside of the liquid collecting cylinder 2, creating a pressure difference between the inside of the liquid collecting cylinder 2 and the outside world, ensuring that subsequent pleural effusion can be smoothly introduced into the liquid collecting cylinder 2.

[0047] Please refer to again Figure 9 and Figure 10 , the on-off control mechanism includes a driven pipe fitting 22 with two ends respectively sealed and rotatably connected to the first conduit 3 and the second conduit 4. A circular boss 302 is rotatably installed in the first conduit 3. The circular boss 302 is provided with a plurality of through holes, and the driven pipe fitting 22 is provided with an on-off adjustment assembly that cooperates with the circular boss 302. The driven pipe fitting 22 is also connected to the follower mechanism, and the follower mechanism can drive the driven pipe fitting 22 to rotate, causing the on-off adjustment assembly to move axially along the first conduit 3.

[0048] The on-off adjustment assembly includes a movable ring 24 movably arranged in the driven pipe fitting 22 through two sets of telescopic connectors and a plurality of conical members 26 fixed to the side of the movable ring 24 facing the circular boss 302 through a plurality of connecting columns 25. The conical members 26 are adapted to the through holes. Two spiral protrusion parts 301 are equidistantly arranged along the circumference on the inner wall of the first conduit 3. Two grooves 2401 adapted to the spiral protrusion parts 301 are equidistantly arranged along the circumference on the side of the movable ring 24 facing the spiral protrusion parts 301. A sleeve 29 is also fixed at the eccentric position of the circular boss 302, and the sleeve 29 is slidably sleeved with a cross bar 30 fixed in the movable ring 24.

[0049] Specifically, the telescopic connector includes a guide cylinder 14 fixedly installed on the inner wall of the driven pipe fitting 22, a telescopic shaft 15 slidably arranged in the guide cylinder 14 and fixedly connected to the movable ring 24, and a second cylindrical spring 12 arranged inside the guide cylinder 14. Two ends of the second cylindrical spring 12 are respectively connected to the inner wall of the guide cylinder 14 and the end of the telescopic shaft 15 away from the movable ring 24. When a negative pressure is formed in the liquid collecting cylinder 2, under the supporting action of the second cylindrical spring 12, the spiral protrusion part 301 coincides with the groove 2401, that is, the movable ring 24 abuts against the spiral protrusion part 301, and the conical member 26 is completely inserted into the through hole, so that the through hole is in a blocked state;

[0050] During the operation of the negative pressure forming mechanism, the follower mechanism will drive the driven pipe fitting 22 to rotate forward. Correspondingly, the driven pipe fitting 22 drives the movable ring 24 to rotate through the guiding cylinder 14 and the telescopic shaft 15. The movable ring 24 drives the circular boss 302 to rotate through the cross bar 30 and the sleeve 29. At this time, under the limiting action of the spiral protrusion 301, the movable ring 24 will give way, that is, move away from the circular boss 302. Correspondingly, the telescopic shaft 15 slides towards the inside of the guiding cylinder 14, and the second cylindrical spring 12 is compressed. The conical member 26 gradually moves towards the outside of the through hole, so that the conduction area of the through hole gradually increases. After the operation of the negative pressure forming mechanism ends, the through hole is completely conducted;

[0051] Subsequently, the valve 401 is opened, and the drainage process begins. As the pressure in the negative pressure chamber gradually balances, the follower mechanism drives the driven pipe fitting 22 to rotate in the reverse direction. Thus, the second cylindrical spring 12 can gradually rebound and reset, and the conical member 26 moves into the through hole, so that during the drainage process, the conduction area of the through hole gradually decreases, and the change range of the flow rate of the accumulated liquid in the drainage passage gradually decreases, making the entire drainage process more gentle and effectively reducing the discomfort and tension of the patient.

[0052] Please refer to again Figure 5 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 7 and Figure 8 As well as

[0053] The sliding fit structure includes a guide rod 19 fixed inside the box body 1, a slider 20 slidably arranged on the guide rod 19, and a driving ring 21 slidably sleeved on the driven pipe fitting 22 and fixed to the slider 20. A follower rod 18 is arranged between the slider 20 and the cross arm 17. Two ends of the follower rod 18 are respectively rotatably connected to the cross arm 17 and the slider 20. A chute 2201 is arranged on the outer wall of the driven pipe fitting 22. The chute 2201 is arranged in a spiral shape. And a convex circle 2101 adapted to the chute 2201 is arranged on the inner wall of the driving ring 21. The convex circle 2101 extends into the chute 2201 and is slidably connected to the driven pipe fitting 22.

[0054] During the process of forming negative pressure in the negative pressure chamber, that is, when the electric telescopic rod 8 drives the piston plate 7 to slide towards the outside of the negative pressure box 6, the piston disc 10 will drive the column 23 to move upward. Correspondingly, the first cylindrical spring 11 is compressed. The cross arm 17 pushes the slider 20 to slide on the guide rod 19 close to the negative pressure box 6 through the follower rod 18, so that the slider 20 drives the driving ring 21 and the convex circle 2101 to move axially along the driven pipe fitting 22. The convex circle 2101 is slidably mated with the driven pipe fitting 22 through the chute 2201, thereby promoting the driven pipe fitting 22 to rotate forward, and the through hole on the circular convex platform 302 is conducted.

[0055] After the valve 401 is opened, the drainage starts. As the negative pressure is balanced, the first cylindrical spring 11 gradually elongates. The column 23 drives the cross arm 17 to move downward, so that the cross arm 17 pulls the slider 20 to slide on the guide rod 19 away from the negative pressure box 6 through the follower rod 18. Correspondingly, the convex circle 2101 is slidably mated with the driven pipe fitting 22 through the chute 2201 again, thereby promoting the driven pipe fitting 22 to rotate reversely, so that the conduction area of the through hole gradually decreases.

[0056] Please refer to again Figure 2 and Figure 6 , an installation chamber is arranged on the side of the box body 1. The elastic support mechanism includes two vertical rods 27 fixedly installed in the installation chamber, two connection blocks 2701 respectively slidably arranged on the two vertical rods 27, and a support platform 28 fixedly connected to the two connection blocks 2701. A third cylindrical spring 13 is also sleeved on the outer periphery of the vertical rod 27. One end of the third cylindrical spring 13 is connected to the bottom wall of the installation chamber, and the other end is connected to the connection block 2701.

[0057] During actual use, the staff needs to clean the liquid collection cylinder 2 in advance to ensure its cleanliness. Subsequently, press down the support platform 28. Accordingly, the connecting block 2701 slides downward on the vertical rod 27, and the third cylindrical spring 13 is compressed. Then, place the liquid collection cylinder 2 on the support platform 28, and align the two through ports 201 with the second conduit 4 and the third conduit 5 respectively. Then release the support platform 28, and the third cylindrical spring 13 rebounds, which will lift the liquid collection cylinder 2 upward, and the two through ports 201 will respectively complete the sealed docking with the second conduit 4 and the third conduit 5;

[0058] The setting of the elastic support mechanism can realize the quick disassembly and assembly of the liquid collection cylinder 2, which is convenient for medical staff to transfer the liquid collection cylinder 2 filled with pleural effusion and remove the liquid collection cylinder 2 for separate cleaning. Secondly, in order to ensure the smooth progress of drainage, it is necessary to ensure the sealing performance of the connection between the second conduit 4 and the third conduit 5 and the two through ports 201. For this reason, a sealing gasket is provided at the end of the through port 201 to ensure the reliability of the sealed connection and avoid the difficult progress of the drainage process due to insufficient sealing performance.

[0059] As another embodiment of the present invention, a method for draining pleural effusion of critically ill patients by using the pleural effusion drainage device for critically ill patients based on the change of drainage volume is also proposed, including the following steps:

[0060] Step 1, assemble the liquid collection cylinder 2 to the side of the box body 1 through the elastic support mechanism, and make the two through ports 201 respectively and hermetically dock with the second conduit 4 and the third conduit 5;

[0061] Step 2, connect the drainage needle tube to the first conduit 3, insert the drainage needle tube into the pleural effusion of the patient, and the negative pressure forming mechanism works to promote the formation of negative pressure in the liquid collection cylinder 2;

[0062] Step 3, open the valve 401, and the pleural effusion will be successively sucked into the liquid collection cylinder 2 through the first conduit 3, the conduction control mechanism and the second conduit 4. The follow-up mechanism is triggered to prompt the conduction control mechanism to reduce the conduction amount of the drainage passage;

[0063] Step 4, after the drainage is completed, close the valve 401 and remove the liquid collection cylinder 2 from the elastic support mechanism.

[0064] For those skilled in the art, it is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above-described exemplary embodiments, and the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, from any point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-limiting. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description. Therefore, all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are intended to be embraced within the present invention. Any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the claims involved.

[0065] In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described according to embodiments, not every embodiment only contains an independent technical solution. This narrative manner of the specification is only for clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A pleural effusion drainage device for critically ill patients based on drainage volume variation, comprising a housing (1) and a fluid collecting cylinder (2) arranged on a side of the housing (1) via an elastic supporting mechanism, characterized in that: Also includes: A drainage tube set, comprising a first catheter (3), a second catheter (4) and a third catheter (5) mounted on the housing (1), the first catheter (3) and the second catheter (4) being connected via a conduction control mechanism, an end of the first catheter (3) away from the second catheter (4) being connected to a drainage needle, and the fluid collection tube (2) being provided with two openings (201) respectively adapted to the second catheter (4) and the third catheter (5) to form a drainage path for pleural effusion; a negative pressure forming mechanism, installed in the box (1) and connected to an end of the third conduit (5) away from the through port (201), the negative pressure forming mechanism being used to form a negative pressure inside the fluid collecting cylinder (2) through the third conduit (5), so that when the valve (401) provided on the second conduit (4) is opened, pleural effusion can flow through the drainage passage into the fluid collecting cylinder (2); A follower mechanism is installed in the box (1) and is connected to the negative pressure forming mechanism and the conduction control mechanism. The follower mechanism is triggered during the process of the pleural effusion being sucked into the fluid collecting cylinder (2), and drives the conduction control mechanism to reduce the cross-sectional conductance of the drainage passage, so that the flow velocity change amplitude of the effusion in the drainage passage is gradually reduced; The negative pressure forming mechanism comprises a negative pressure box (6) fixed in the box body (1) and a piston plate (7) sealingly and slidably arranged in the negative pressure box (6), and a negative pressure chamber connected to the follower mechanism is formed between the piston plate (7) and the top wall of the negative pressure box (6); The conduction control mechanism comprises a driven pipe member (22) whose two ends are respectively connected to the first conduit (3) and the second conduit (4) in a sealing and rotatable manner, a circular boss (302) is rotatably mounted in the first conduit (3), a plurality of through holes are provided on the circular boss (302), and a conduction adjustment component cooperating with the circular boss (302) is provided in the driven pipe member (22); The driven pipe member (22) is also connected to the follower mechanism, and the follower mechanism is capable of driving the driven pipe member (22) to rotate, thereby causing the conduction adjustment component to move along the axial direction of the first conduit (3); The follower mechanism comprises a balancing movable component arranged at a side of the negative pressure box (6) and in communication with the negative pressure chamber, and a sliding matching structure arranged in the box body (1) and connected to the driven pipe member (22); the balancing movable component is triggered when the pressure in the negative pressure chamber changes, and can cause the sliding matching structure to drive the driven pipe member (22) to rotate; The balancing movable assembly comprises a cylinder (9) fixedly mounted on the side of the negative pressure box (6) and connected to the negative pressure chamber via two connecting pipes (16), a piston disc (10) sealingly and slidably arranged inside the cylinder (9), and two columns (23) fixedly connected to the piston disc (10), wherein the two columns (23) pass through the top of the cylinder (9) and are sealingly and slidably connected to the cylinder (9); The outer periphery of the column (23) is provided with a first cylindrical spring (11), the two ends of the first cylindrical spring (11) are respectively connected to the top wall of the cylinder (9) and the piston disc (10), and the two columns (23) are also fixedly connected to a cross arm (17), and the cross arm (17) is connected to the sliding matching structure.

2. A pleural effusion drainage device for critically ill patients based on drainage volume change according to claim 1, characterized in that: The third conduit (5) is in communication with the negative pressure chamber, and an electric telescopic rod (8) is also installed in the box body (1), wherein the movable end of the electric telescopic rod (8) is fixedly connected to the piston plate (7).

3. A pleural effusion drainage device for critically ill patients based on drainage volume change according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conduction adjustment component comprises a movable ring (24) movably arranged in the driven pipe (22) via two sets of telescopic connecting members, and a plurality of conical members (26) fixed to a side of the movable ring (24) facing the circular boss (302) via a plurality of connecting columns (25), wherein the conical members (26) are adapted to the through holes; The inner wall of the first conduit (3) is provided with two spiral protrusions (301) equidistantly along the circumference, and the movable ring (24) is provided with two grooves (2401) equidistantly along the circumference on one side facing the spiral protrusions (301) and adapted to the spiral protrusions (301). A sleeve (29) is also fixed at an eccentric position of the circular boss (302), and the sleeve (29) is slidably fitted with a crossbar (30) fixed in the movable ring (24).

4. A pleural effusion drainage device for critically ill patients based on drainage volume change according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sliding matching structure comprises a guide rod (19) fixed in the box body (1), a slider (20) slidably arranged on the guide rod (19), and a driving ring (21) slidably sleeved on the driven pipe (22) and fixed to the slider (20), a follower rod (18) is provided between the slider (20) and the cross arm (17), and two ends of the follower rod (18) are rotatably connected to the cross arm (17) and the slider (20) respectively; Wherein, a slide groove (2201) is provided on the outer wall of the driven pipe member (22), and the slide groove (2201) is arranged along a spiral, and a convex circle (2101) adapted to the slide groove (2201) is provided on the inner wall of the driving ring (21), and the convex circle (2101) extends into the slide groove (2201) and is slidably connected to the driven pipe member (22).

5. A pleural effusion drainage device for critically ill patients based on drainage volume change according to claim 1, characterized in that: A mounting chamber is provided on the side of the box body (1); the elastic supporting mechanism comprises two vertical rods (27) fixedly mounted in the mounting chamber, two connecting blocks (2701) respectively slidably mounted on the two vertical rods (27), and a supporting platform (28) fixedly connected to the two connecting blocks (2701); a third columnar spring (13) is sleeved on the outer circumference of the vertical rod (27); one end of the third columnar spring (13) is connected to the bottom wall of the mounting chamber, and the other end is connected to the connecting block (2701).

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