A three-phase separator and a fluidized bed reactor using the same

Abstract

The present invention discloses a three-phase separator and an ebullated bed reactor using the separator. The three-phase separator is arranged in an ebullated bed reactor and is used for gas-liquid-solid three-phase separation, comprising: a guide tube, which is coaxially arranged with the reactor; in the annular space between the guide tube and the reactor, continuous gas-liquid materials and carried solid catalyst particles ascend, and form a first deflection of liquid-solid materials at the top; a deflection tube, which is sleeved on the upper inner side of the guide tube; the liquid-solid materials after the first deflection descend in the annular space between the deflection tube and the guide tube, forming liquid-solid separation at the bottom of the deflection tube and the liquid-phase materials complete a second deflection; a discharge tube, which is sleeved on the inner side of the deflection tube; the top of the discharge tube is arranged in the upper head of the reactor, and the lower wall of the discharge tube is provided with an exhaust hole for discharging the liquid-phase materials after the second deflection and the gas-phase materials gathered below the upper head into the upper head. The present invention can effectively avoid the influence of rising gas on the liquid-solid separation efficiency and the influence of uneven circumferential flow on the catalyst circulation of the reactor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of gas-liquid-solid separation, in particular to a gas-liquid-solid three-phase separator and a fluidized bed reactor using the separator. Background Art

[0002] An ebullated bed reactor typically requires a gas-liquid-solid three-phase separator located in the upper portion of the reactor. In an ebullated bed, the liquid phase is the continuous phase, while the gas phase bubbles through the reactor, driven by the gas. The solid phase is the dispersed phase. This separator is typically installed in the upper portion of the reactor to separate the gas and solid phases from the liquid product and to circulate the solid catalyst within the reactor.

[0003] The existing three-phase separator is equipped with multiple annular cylinders in the upper part of the reactor. Figure 1 As shown, the gas-liquid-solid mixture ascends within the annular inner tube, completing gas-phase separation at the upper gas-liquid interface. The liquid-solid mixed fluid overflows to the surrounding areas and descends into the area between the outer and inner annular tubes. Based on the solid-liquid density difference in the annular area between the outer annular tube and the reactor wall, the solids flow downward with the liquid out of the separator and return to the main reaction zone for circulation. The remaining liquid phase, operating under the "U"-shaped tube principle, flows upward through the annular gap between the annular outer tube and the reactor wall through the discharge pipe and out of the reactor. Specifically, a gas phase outflow channel is provided at the top of the reactor, while the liquid phase overflows out of the reactor through a side opening. The solid catalyst flows out of the separator due to gravity differences in the liquid phase, achieving three-phase separation. This type of three-phase separator is called a straight-tube or expanded-sequential built-in three-phase separator.

[0004] For example, Chinese patent application CN101376092A discloses an ebullated bed reactor comprising a cylindrical reactor shell perpendicular to the ground, a three-phase separator in the upper portion of the shell, and a guide structure in the upper portion of the reactor. The guide structure is an annular protrusion disposed on the inner wall of the reactor, and its longitudinal cross-section along the reactor axis is trapezoidal or arcuate. The installation of the guide structure and its integration with the three-phase separator increase the operational flexibility of the three-phase separator, ensuring efficient separation and significantly reducing catalyst carryover. However, this type of existing sequential built-in three-phase separator still has a certain amount of gas phase inflow at the liquid-solid deflection position, and the bubble tail vortex effect will cause disorder in the catalyst particles, affecting the solid-liquid separation effect; the millimeter-level bubbles rise faster, and the hundred-micron-level bubbles rise slower and will be affected by larger bubbles to move disorderly in the radial direction. At present, the boiling bed reactor basically contains millimeter-level bubbles. In order to reduce the impact of bubbles entering in the vertical direction on separation and prevent gas from rising, the aforementioned guide structure is added to the straight-cylinder reactor, or the inner diameter of the reactor is expanded at the built-in separator position, that is, an expanded sequential built-in three-phase separator is adopted, so that the gas phase rises vertically to avoid the deflection area as much as possible. Although it can play a certain role, liquid-solid separation still cannot avoid the influence of upward gas, that is, the vertical rise of the gas phase and the downward trend of solid phase separation make interference between the two phases inevitable.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a gas-liquid-solid three-phase separator and an ebullated bed reactor using the separator, so as to effectively avoid the influence of rising gas on liquid-solid separation efficiency and uneven circumferential flow on reactor catalyst circulation.

[0006] The information disclosed in this background technology section is only intended to enhance understanding of the overall background of the invention and should not be regarded as an admission or any form of suggestion that the information constitutes the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The object of the present invention is to provide a three-phase separator and an ebullated bed reactor using the separator. Through the structural design of the guide tube, the deflection tube and the drainage barrel arranged from the outside to the inside, the influence of the rising gas on the liquid-solid separation efficiency and the influence of the circumferential flow unevenness on the reactor catalyst circulation can be effectively avoided.

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, according to the first aspect of the present invention, a three-phase separator is provided, which is arranged in a fluidized bed reactor and is used for gas-liquid-solid three-phase separation, comprising: a guide tube, which is coaxially arranged with the reactor; in the annular space between the guide tube and the reactor, continuous gas-liquid materials and carried solid catalyst particles ascend, and form a first deflection of liquid-solid materials at the top; a deflection tube, which is sleeved on the upper inner side of the guide tube; the liquid-solid materials after the first deflection descend in the annular space between the deflection tube and the guide tube, and liquid-solid separation is formed at the bottom of the deflection tube and the liquid phase material completes a second deflection; a discharge tube, which is sleeved on the inner side of the deflection tube; the top of the discharge tube is arranged in the upper head of the reactor, and the lower wall of the discharge tube is provided with an exhaust hole, which is used to discharge the liquid phase material after the second deflection and the gas phase material gathered below the upper head into the upper head.

[0009] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the guide tube, the deflector tube and the discharge tube are all opened at both ends.

[0010] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the top of the deflector tube is higher than the top of the guide tube; the top of the guide tube is flush with the opening position of the exhaust hole.

[0011] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, an inclined expansion opening for radially distributing the liquid phase material may be provided on the upper edge of the discharge barrel, a baffle is provided above the top of the discharge barrel, and a sealing arrangement is provided at the connection between the discharge barrel body and the upper head bottom plate.

[0012] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the angle of the inclined expansion opening can be set to 20°~40°, and the length can be set to 0.3~0.5 times the diameter of the discharge barrel.

[0013] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the guide tube may include upper and lower straight sections and a middle expansion section, and the inclination angle of the expansion section is preferably set to 50° to 70°.

[0014] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the three-phase separator may also include: a guide cone, which is arranged at a corresponding position on the lower edge of the guide tube, and is used to deflect the solid phase particles that fall to the bottom of the guide tube after liquid-solid separation upward to form a circulation effect between the inner and outer walls of the guide tube.

[0015] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the guide cone can be set on the gas-liquid distribution plate, and the bottom of the guide cone is lower than the bottom end of the guide tube, and the cone angle of the guide cone can be set to 20°~40°.

[0016] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, a concave arc-shaped baffle may extend from the bottom of the guide cone, and the arc-shaped baffle and the guide cone may be integrally formed.

[0017] According to a second aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides an ebullated bed reactor, wherein any one of the above-mentioned three-phase separators is arranged in the ebullated bed reactor.

[0018] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the reactor shell can be a straight cylindrical structure, with a gas-liquid discharge port set at the top center of the upper head of the straight cylindrical structure, and a gas-liquid feed port set at the bottom center of the lower head of the straight cylindrical structure.

[0019] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the upper head bottom plate can be used to support the liquid material from the discharge barrel and deposit the solid particles entrained by the liquid phase; a gas-liquid distribution plate is arranged above the lower head top plate; and the three-phase separator is arranged between the gas-liquid distribution plate and the upper head bottom plate.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] 1) The present invention adopts a "three-tube sleeve" structure and changes the direction of the material in the prior art (i.e., it adopts an outer upward flow and deflects inward flow, which is opposite to the material direction in the prior art). In this way, the influence of gas upward flow on the liquid-solid separation effect in the prior art is solved. By arranging the structure of the guide tube and the deflection tube, the gas phase is separated at the top of the guide tube, and the liquid phase carrying the fluidized solid phase particles flows downward along the inner wall of the guide tube. At the same time, according to the U-tube principle, part of the liquid phase is deflected upward at the lower end of the deflection tube, while most of the fluidized solid phase particles settle under the action of gravity. This can effectively avoid the influence of liquid upward flow and gas upward flow on liquid-solid separation in traditional three-phase separators;

[0022] 2) The present invention provides a discharge barrel with a vent, thus avoiding the problem of "uneven annular gap outflow" caused by the prior art where the discharge port is arranged on the reactor wall. The liquid phase after the second deflection is discharged upward into the upper head through the bottom of the discharge barrel under the action of pressure, and the gas phase can be discharged together with the liquid phase through the vent.

[0023] 3) The present invention provides a baffle and an inclined expansion opening on the upper part of the discharge barrel, so that the discharged liquid material flows out obliquely upward in the upper head, and forms a local sedimentation area on the bottom plate of the upper head, so that a small number of unseparated solid particles can settle in the upper head, thereby minimizing the solids mixed in the discharged gas and liquid;

[0024] 4) The guide cone of the present invention can reduce the cross-sectional area of ​​the bottom of the guide tube, increase the flow velocity at the bottom of the guide tube, and effectively carry solids to be diverted upward. At the same time, the concave arc baffle forms an anti-deposition part, which can prevent the accumulation of solid catalyst particles and avoid bottom blockage, allowing the solid catalyst particles to mix and react with fresh feed.

[0025] 5) By providing a discharge cylinder, the present invention significantly reduces the number of openings in the internal components of the three-phase separator and the reactor wall (only two openings are required: a gas-liquid inlet at the bottom of the reactor and a gas-liquid outlet at the top of the reactor). This can effectively improve the stability and safety of equipment operation and significantly reduce manufacturing costs.

[0026] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present invention and to implement it according to the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other purposes, technical features and advantages of the present invention easier to understand, one or more preferred embodiments are listed below and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a straight-cylinder sequential built-in three-phase separator in an existing fluidized bed reactor (showing the inner and outer cylinder structures of the existing three-phase separator and the flow of materials).

[0028] Figure 2 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of the three-phase separator of the present invention applied in an ebullated bed reactor.

[0029] Figure 3 It is a perspective stereoscopic structural diagram of the three-phase separator of the present invention applied in a fluidized bed reactor.

[0030] Description of main reference numerals:

[0031] Figure 1 In the figure, 1A-inner cylinder, 2A-outer cylinder, 3A-liquid outlet pipe, 4A-gas outlet pipe; 100A-existing ebullating bed reactor;

[0032] Figures 2 to 3 In the middle, 1-guide tube, 11-upper straight section, 12-expansion section, 13-lower straight section, 2-baffle tube, 3-discharge tube, 30-inclined expansion opening, 31-baffle, 32-exhaust hole, 4-guide cone, 41-arc baffle;

[0033] 100 - fluidized bed reactor, 101 - upper head, 102 - upper head bottom plate, 103 - gas-liquid discharge port, 104 - lower head, 105 - lower head top plate, 106 - gas-liquid feed port, 107 - gas-liquid distribution plate, 108 - distribution port;

[0034] A- solid catalyst particle bed, B- reactor liquid level. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but it should be understood that the protection scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments.

[0036] Unless expressly stated otherwise, throughout the specification and claims, the term “comprise” or variations such as “include” or “comprising” will be understood to include the stated elements or components but not to exclude other elements or components.

[0037] In this document, for ease of description, spatially relative terms such as "below," "beneath," "below," "above," "above," etc. may be used to describe the relationship of one element or feature to another element or feature in the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the object in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the drawings. For example, if the object in the drawings is turned over, the element described as being "below" or "beneath" other elements or features will be oriented "above" the elements or features. Therefore, the exemplary term "below" can include both below and above. Objects may also have other orientations (rotated 90 degrees or other orientations) and the spatially relative terms used herein should be interpreted accordingly.

[0038] In this document, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used to distinguish two different elements or parts, and are not used to limit specific positions or relative relationships. In other words, in some embodiments, the terms "first", "second", etc. can also be interchangeable with each other.

[0039] The three-phase separator of the present invention is for Figure 1 Improvements made to the prior art shown. Figure 1 A conventional fluidized bed reactor 100A is shown, designed for gas-liquid-solid three-phase reactions. A gas-liquid mixture feed from the reactor bottom contacts solid catalyst particles positioned in the lower middle portion of the reactor, leading to a catalytic reaction. The gas-liquid-solid mixture continues upward (some solid particles are entrained in the liquid phase and fluidized), leading to a three-phase separator consisting of an inner tube 1A and an outer tube 2A. This conventional three-phase separator is located in the upper middle portion of the reactor and is used for gas-liquid-solid separation. The material flow in this type of solution is as follows: the gas-liquid-solid mixture ascends within the annular inner tube 1A, completing gas-phase separation at the upper gas-liquid interface. The liquid-solid mixture overflows into the area between the outer tube 2A and the reactor wall, descending downward. In the annular region between the outer tube 2A and the reactor wall, due to the solid-liquid density difference, the solids flow downward with the liquid out of the three-phase separator and return to the main reaction zone for recirculation. The remaining liquid phase, operating under the "U"-shaped tube principle, flows upward through the annular gap between the annular outer tube 2A and the reactor wall, exiting the reactor through a discharge pipe 3A. That is, a gas phase outflow channel 4A is set at the top of the reactor, and the liquid phase overflows from the discharge pipe 3A at the side opening to the reactor 100A. The solid catalyst flows out of the separator under the action of gravity difference in the liquid phase, thus achieving three-phase separation. This existing three-phase separator is a straight-cylinder sequential type built-in three-phase separator. The so-called "sequential type" is referred to as Figure 1The direction of the arrow at the three-phase separator indicates that the material ascends along the inner cylinder 1A, then descends into the annular space between the inner cylinder 1A and the outer cylinder 2A. After liquid-solid separation, the liquid phase ascends along the annular space between the outer cylinder 2A and the reactor wall, and overflows out of the reactor 100A when it reaches the discharge pipe 3A. The present invention improves upon the above-mentioned existing three-phase separator by the following: Example 1

[0040] like Figure 2 、 3 As shown, this embodiment provides a three-phase separator, which adopts a "three-tube sleeve" structural design with a material flow direction opposite to that in the prior art. It is arranged in the shell of the fluidized bed reactor 100 and is used for gas-liquid-solid three-phase separation. The three-phase separator comprises at least a guide tube 1, a deflection tube 2 and a discharge tube 3. Among them, the guide tube 1 is coaxially arranged with the reactor 100; in the annular space between the guide tube 1 and the reactor 100, continuous gas-liquid materials and carried solid catalyst particles ascend, and form a first deflection of liquid-solid materials at the top (at this time, the gas phase completes separation at the liquid surface and converges below the bottom plate 102 of the upper head of the reactor 100). The deflection tube 2 is sleeved on the upper inner side of the guide tube 1; after the first deflection, the liquid-solid materials descend in the annular space between the deflection tube 2 and the guide tube 1, forming a liquid-solid separation at the bottom of the deflection tube 2 and the liquid phase material completes the second deflection. The discharge cylinder 3 is sleeved on the inner side of the deflection cylinder 2; the top of the discharge cylinder 3 is arranged in the upper head 101 of the reactor, and the lower wall of the discharge cylinder 3 is provided with an exhaust hole 32, which is used to discharge the liquid phase material after the second deflection and the gas phase material gathered below the upper head into the upper head. With the three-phase separator of this embodiment, the velocity and pressure difference inside and outside the guide tube 1 is formed by continuous gas-liquid feeding, so that the material is deflected downward at the upper end of the guide tube 1 and deflected upward at the bottom end, so that a circulation is formed on both sides of the guide tube, providing the overall operating power of the material for the fluidized bed reactor 100; since the deflector tube 2 is arranged in the guide tube 1, a part of the liquid phase between the guide tube 1 and the deflector tube 2 carries most of the fluidized solid phase particles downward to form a circulation, and the other part is deflected upward at the lower end of the deflector tube 2 using the U-tube principle; since the exhaust hole 32 is opened on the lower wall of the discharge tube 3, when the liquid level is higher than the height of the exhaust hole 32, the liquid phase that is deflected upward enters the upper head 101 through the bottom end of the discharge tube 3 under the action of pressure. After the space below the upper head 101 gathers more separated gas phase, the gas pressure gradually increases, the liquid level moves down and exposes the exhaust hole 32. At this time, the gas also enters the upper head 101 through the exhaust hole 32, forming a dynamic adjustment of the liquid level.

[0041] Compared with the prior art, this embodiment adopts the structure of "three cylinders connected together" and changes the direction of the material (i.e. upward flow on the outside and deflection on the inside, which is different from the conventional method). Figure 1The material direction of the embodiment is opposite to that of the prior art shown in FIG), which is significantly different from the existing material direction. The material direction of this embodiment adopts the opposite material direction based on the "three-tube sleeve" structure.

[0042] The inventors have found through research that it is usually difficult for existing sequential built-in three-phase separators to achieve extremely demanding solid-phase particle (catalyst) interception rates and maintain stable and efficient separation efficiency; it is difficult for the solid-phase particles separated by the existing straight-cylinder three-phase separator to flow downward without being affected by bubbles in the upward gas-liquid feed, and it is difficult to avoid gas entering the three-phase separator. The areas where gas enters the conventional straight-cylinder sequential three-phase separator are the liquid-solid separation area and the liquid outflow area. When the gas enters the liquid-solid separation area (i.e. Figure 1 The area between the lower end of the inner cylinder 1A and the reactor wall), the rising bubbles will disrupt the normal separation and sedimentation process of the liquid-solid separation zone, and the rising path of the bubbles is the same as the path of the liquid out of the reactor (i.e. Figure 1 The annular space between the inner and outer cylinders 2A and the reactor wall is upward), which easily causes the solid phase to flow out of the reactor with the liquid phase, deteriorating the separation effect; the expansion type three-phase separator can reduce the intrusion of bubbles to a certain extent compared with the straight type three-phase separator, but it is difficult to apply in engineering, has a complex design and a high cost. In order to solve the problems in the above-mentioned prior art, reference is made to Figure 2 and Figure 3 This embodiment changes the direction of the material through the "three-tube socket" structural design, solves the influence of gas upward movement on the liquid-solid separation effect, and sets the structure of the guide tube 1 and the deflection tube 2, so that the gas phase is separated at the top of the guide tube 1, and the liquid phase carrying the fluidized solid phase particles flows downward along the inner wall of the guide tube 1. At the same time, according to the U-tube principle, part of the liquid phase is deflected upward at the lower end of the deflection tube 2, and most of the fluidized solid phase particles settle under the action of gravity, which can effectively avoid the influence of liquid upward movement and gas upward movement on liquid-solid separation in the traditional three-phase separator.

[0043] In this embodiment, the discharge barrel 3 with the exhaust hole 32 is provided to avoid Figure 1 In the prior art, the problem of "uneven annular gap outflow" caused by the placement of discharge port 3A on the reactor wall is solved. The liquid phase after the second deflection is discharged upward into the upper head 101 through the bottom of the discharge barrel 3 under the action of pressure, and the gas phase can be discharged together with the liquid phase through the exhaust hole 32. In addition, the provision of the discharge barrel 3 significantly reduces the number of openings in the internal components and the reactor wall of the three-phase separator of the present invention (only two openings are required: the gas-liquid inlet at the bottom of the reactor and the gas-liquid outlet at the top of the reactor), which can effectively improve the stability and safety of the equipment operation and significantly reduce manufacturing costs.

[0044] Further Figure 2 、 3As shown, preferably, but not limiting, the three-phase separator of this embodiment may further include a guide cone 4, which is disposed at a corresponding position on the lower edge of the guide tube 1. The guide cone 4 is used to divert solid phase particles (i.e., a portion of the separated solid phase particles entrained by the liquid phase) that fall to the bottom of the guide tube 1 after liquid-solid separation upward, creating a circulation effect between the inner and outer walls of the guide tube. Furthermore, the guide cone 4 can be disposed on the gas-liquid distribution plate 107, with the bottom of the guide cone 4 lower than the bottom end of the guide tube 1. The guide cone angle can be set to 20° to 40°. Preferably, but not limiting, a concave arc-shaped baffle 41 extends from the bottom of the guide cone 4. The arc-shaped baffle 41 and the guide cone 4 can be integrally formed. The guide cone of this embodiment can reduce the cross-sectional area of ​​the guide tube bottom, increase the flow velocity at the bottom of the guide tube, and effectively carry solids upward. At the same time, the concave arc-shaped baffle constitutes an anti-deposition portion, which prevents the accumulation of solid catalyst particles and avoids clogging at the bottom, allowing the solid catalyst particles to mix and react with the fresh feed.

[0045] Further Figure 2 、 3 As shown, the guide tube 1, deflector tube 2, and discharge tube 3 of this embodiment are all open at both ends. The top of deflector tube 2 is higher than the top of guide tube 1, ensuring that the liquid at the top of guide tube 1 after the initial deflection does not enter deflector tube 2. Furthermore, the top of guide tube 1 is at substantially the same height as the vent hole 32, ensuring that when the liquid level drops close to the vent hole 32 for venting, the circulation around the inner and outer walls of the guide tube can continue to operate normally.

[0046] Further Figure 2 、 3 As shown, preferably, but not restrictively, an inclined expansion opening 30 is provided on the upper edge of the discharge barrel 3 for radially distributing the liquid-phase material, and a baffle 31 is provided above the top of the discharge barrel 3; the connection between the discharge barrel 3 and the bottom plate 102 of the lower head is sealed. By providing the baffle and the inclined expansion opening on the upper portion of the discharge barrel, the discharged liquid-phase material flows out obliquely upward within the upper head, forming a local sedimentation area on the bottom plate 102 of the upper head, allowing a small number of unseparated solid-phase particles to settle at the upper head, thereby minimizing the amount of solids mixed with the discharged gas and liquid. Specifically, the opening angle of the inclined expansion opening 30 is preferably 20° to 40°, and the length is preferably 0.3 to 0.5 times the diameter of the discharge barrel.

[0047] Further Figure 2 、 3As shown, the draft tube 1 further comprises an upper straight section 11, a middle expansion section 12, and a lower straight section 13. The expansion section can be set at an inclination angle of 50° to 70°. The expansion section allows for a diameter change between the draft tube and the reactor wall, accelerating the ascending material after entering the upper straight section, thereby providing better momentum for the circulation between the inner and outer walls of the draft tube. Furthermore, the diameter change allows for better adaptability of the baffle channel, promoting uniform material flow. Example 2

[0048] like Figure 2 、 3 As shown, this embodiment provides an ebullated bed reactor 100, in which the three-phase separator in Example 1 is arranged, so that the same technical effect as Example 1 can be achieved. Specifically, the reactor shell is a straight cylindrical structure, and a gas-liquid discharge port 103 is arranged at the top center of the upper head of the straight cylindrical structure, and a gas-liquid feed port 106 is arranged at the bottom center of the lower head of the straight cylindrical structure. Furthermore, the upper head bottom plate 102 is used to support the liquid phase material from the discharge barrel 3 and deposit a small part of the solid phase particles entrained by the liquid phase. A gas-liquid distribution plate 107 is arranged above the lower head top plate 105, and gas-liquid distribution ports 108 are evenly opened on the distribution plate 107. The three-phase separator in Example 1 of the present invention is arranged between the gas-liquid distribution plate 107 and the upper head bottom plate 102.

[0049] The working process of the ebullated bed reactor is described in detail below by combining the material flow in the ebullated bed reactor of this embodiment:

[0050] The gas-liquid material enters the lower head 104 of the ebullated bed reactor 100 through the gas-liquid feed port 106, and is evenly released into the annular space between the wall of the ebullated bed reactor 100 and the draft tube 1 through the gas-liquid distribution plate 107, where it is mixed with the solid catalyst particles for reaction (the solid phase particle bed A is located in the lower middle position of the annular space, refer to Figure 2When the gas-liquid material and the solid catalyst particles in the fluidized state reach the top of the guide tube 1, the gas is separated, and the liquid and solid catalyst particles are diverted downward (that is, the first diversion). When it reaches the bottom of the diversion tube 2, under the action of the U-tube principle, part of the liquid entrains a small amount of solid and diverts upward (that is, the second diversion). The liquid enters the upper head 101 through the discharge tube 3 under the action of pressure and is discharged. The second diversion position realizes the upward and downward liquid-solid separation, that is, most of the solid particles in the fluidized state settle downward by gravity, and part of the downward liquid in the guide tube 1 forms a diversion cone 4 with the gas-liquid feed. Under the action of the low-pressure area, the gas flows evenly to the surroundings and mixes with the gas-liquid feed upward, thereby forming a circulation area on both sides of the wall of the guide tube 1; after the gas is separated at the top of the guide tube 1, it gathers at the upper part of the fluidized bed reactor. When the gas volume reaches a certain level and the liquid level is lower than the exhaust hole 32 on the discharge tube 3, the gas enters the discharge tube through the exhaust hole and is discharged together with the liquid; in order to prevent a small amount of solid catalyst particles from not being separated, the baffle 31 and the inclined expansion opening 30 provided at the top of the discharge tube make the liquid flow out of the discharge tube 3 obliquely upward, and form a local sedimentation area on the bottom plate of the upper head 101 to further separate the solids.

[0051] The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention are for purposes of illustration and description. These descriptions are not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and it is apparent that many changes and variations are possible in light of the foregoing teachings. The exemplary embodiments are selected and described for the purpose of explaining the specific principles of the invention and their practical application, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to realize and utilize a variety of exemplary embodiments of the invention and various options and variations. Any simple modifications, equivalent variations, and modifications made to the exemplary embodiments described above are intended to fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A three-phase separator, arranged in an ebullated bed reactor and used for gas-liquid-solid three-phase separation, characterized in that: include: The draft tube is coaxially arranged with the reactor; in the annular space between the draft tube and the reactor, the continuous gas and liquid materials and the carried solid catalyst particles ascend, and form the first deflection of the liquid and solid materials at the top; A deflector cylinder is sleeved on the inner upper part of the guide cylinder; After the first deflection, the liquid-solid material descends in the annular space between the deflection cylinder and the guide cylinder, forms liquid-solid separation at the bottom of the deflection cylinder, and the liquid phase material completes the second deflection; A discharge cylinder is sleeved on the inner side of the deflector cylinder; the top of the discharge cylinder is arranged in the upper head of the reactor, and an exhaust hole is provided on the lower wall of the discharge cylinder for discharging the liquid phase material after the second deflection and the gas phase material gathered below the upper head into the upper head.

2. The three-phase separator according to claim 1, characterized in that The guide tube, deflector tube and discharge tube are all opened at both ends.

3. The three-phase separator according to claim 1, characterized in that The top of the deflector tube is higher than the top of the guide tube; the top of the guide tube is flush with the opening position of the exhaust hole.

4. The three-phase separator according to claim 1, characterized in that The upper edge of the discharge barrel is provided with an inclined expansion opening for radially distributing the liquid phase material, and a baffle is provided above the top of the discharge barrel; the connection part between the discharge barrel body and the upper head bottom plate is sealed.

5. The three-phase separator according to claim 4, characterized in that The angle of the inclined expansion opening is 20° to 40°, and the length is 0.3 to 0.5 times the diameter of the discharge barrel.

6. The three-phase separator according to claim 1, characterized in that The guide tube includes upper and lower straight tube sections and a middle expansion section.

7. The three-phase separator according to claim 6, characterized in that The inclination angle of the expansion section is set to 50° to 70°.

8. The three-phase separator according to claim 1, characterized in that The three-phase separator further comprises: The guide cone is arranged at a corresponding position on the lower edge of the guide tube, and is used to deflect the solid phase particles that fall to the bottom of the guide tube after liquid-solid separation upward, thereby forming a circulation effect between the inner and outer walls of the guide tube.

9. The three-phase separator according to claim 8, characterized in that The guide cone is arranged on the gas-liquid distribution plate, and the bottom of the guide cone is lower than the bottom end of the guide tube, and the cone angle of the guide cone is 20° to 40°.

10. The three-phase separator according to claim 8, characterized in that A concave arc-shaped baffle extends from the bottom of the guide cone, and the arc-shaped baffle is integrally formed with the guide cone.

11. A fluidized bed reactor, characterized in that: The three-phase separator according to any one of claims 1 to 10 is arranged in the ebullated bed reactor.

12. The ebullated bed reactor according to claim 11, characterized in that The reactor shell is a straight cylindrical structure, a gas-liquid discharge port is arranged at the top center of the upper head of the straight cylindrical structure, and a gas-liquid feed port is arranged at the bottom center of the lower head of the straight cylindrical structure.

13. The ebullated bed reactor according to claim 12, characterized in that The upper head bottom plate is used to support the liquid material from the discharge barrel and deposit the solid particles entrained by the liquid phase; a gas-liquid distribution plate is set above the lower head top plate; the three-phase separator is set between the gas-liquid distribution plate and the upper head bottom plate.

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