Speed reducer box drilling clamp

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of speed reducer production, and particularly relates to a speed reducer box drilling clamp which comprises a supporting mechanism used for supporting a to-be-drilled speed reducer box and comprising a base and a positioning vertical plate fixed to the top face of the base. The at least two groups of clamping mechanisms are symmetrically connected to the positioning vertical plate, are used for pressing the speed reducer box body from the two ends, and comprise pressing plates and control assemblies for controlling the pressing plates to be close to or away from the positioning vertical plate; the drilling guide mechanism is used for positioning a drilling point and comprises a drilling template and a drilling sleeve, the drilling template and the drilling sleeve are fixed at the top end of the positioning vertical plate, the drilling sleeve is provided with a guide hole for a drill bit to penetrate through, and a through hole for mounting the drilling sleeve is formed in the drilling template; according to the speed reducer box drilling clamp, the stability and accuracy of the positioning reference can be guaranteed, the production efficiency can be improved, and the problem that due to unstable machining, tool abrasion is aggravated is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of reducer production, and in particular relates to a reducer housing drilling fixture. Background Art

[0002] The reducer is a mechanical transmission device used in many areas of the national economy. The product categories involved in this industry include various types of gear reducers, planetary gear reducers and worm reducers, as well as various types of special transmission devices, such as speed increase devices, speed regulating devices and various types of composite transmission devices, including flexible transmissions.

[0003] The reducer housing is an important mechanical component that plays the role of fixing, positioning and transmission in the reducer and is an important component of the reducer.

[0004] Due to the high transmission ratio of the worm gear reducer and its high requirements for sealing, a large amount of heat will be generated during transmission. Considering the transmission efficiency and the life of the worm gear and the housing, a certain proportion of lubricating oil needs to be injected into the reducer. Therefore, two refueling holes need to be designed at the upper and lower ends of the reducer housing. Drilling equipment is usually used to drill the refueling holes on the reducer housing, and a special clamp is needed to fix the reducer housing.

[0005] The fixture design of the reducer housing has an important impact on its performance and service life, so the fixture design is of great significance.

[0006] Although traditional clamps can meet general operating requirements, they have poor stability and will also aggravate tool wear.

[0007] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention proposes a reducer housing drilling fixture. Summary of the invention

[0008] In order to solve the above problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a reducer housing drilling fixture, which has the characteristics of easy use, high stability and high safety performance.

[0009] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a reducer housing drilling fixture, comprising:

[0010] A supporting mechanism, the supporting mechanism is used to support the reducer housing to be drilled, and comprises a base and a positioning vertical plate fixed to the top surface of the base;

[0011] A clamping mechanism, at least two groups of which are symmetrically connected to the positioning plate, for clamping the reducer housing from both ends, comprising a pressing plate and a control assembly for controlling the pressing plate to move closer to or away from the positioning plate;

[0012] A drilling guide mechanism is used to locate the drilling point, and comprises a drilling template and a drill sleeve fixed to the top of the positioning vertical plate. The drill sleeve has a guide hole for the drill bit to pass through, and a through hole for installing the drill sleeve is processed on the drilling template.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the control component includes:

[0014] A connecting screw rod, wherein a waist-shaped hole is processed on the pressing plate, one end of the connecting screw rod is fixedly connected to the positioning vertical plate, and the other end of the connecting screw rod passes through the waist-shaped hole;

[0015] A nut is installed on the protruding end of the connecting screw by threaded engagement.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the control component further includes:

[0017] A telescopic spring is sleeved on the connecting screw and is located between the pressing plate and the positioning vertical plate.

[0018] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the clamping mechanism further includes:

[0019] A spherical washer is sleeved on the connecting screw and is located between the pressing plate and the nut.

[0020] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the drilling guide mechanism further includes:

[0021] A bushing, wherein the bushing is located in the through hole, and the drill sleeve is located in the bushing;

[0022] Screws, the drill sleeve is fixed on the drilling template by screws.

[0023] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a calibration bevel is processed on the circumferential surface of the drill sleeve and a protrusion is formed at the bottom end. After tightening the screw, the screw presses down the protrusion. When the drill sleeve is coaxial with the through hole, the outer wall of the screw abuts against the inner wall of the calibration bevel.

[0024] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the support mechanism further includes:

[0025] An auxiliary support screw rod, one end of which is threadably connected to the positioning vertical plate, and the other end of which is against the pressing plate.

[0026] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a limiting groove is processed on the pressing plate, and one end of the auxiliary support screw rod is inserted into the limiting groove.

[0027] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the support mechanism further includes:

[0028] The positioning plate is fixed to the working surface of the positioning vertical plate, and the positioning plate is a "convex" structure and corresponds to the axial hole of the reducer housing.

[0029] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the support mechanism further includes:

[0030] A support pin is processed with a threaded hole on the base, and the support pin is screwed into the threaded hole by threading.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0032] The reducer housing drilling fixture of the present invention can not only ensure the stability and accuracy of the positioning reference, which is beneficial to improving production efficiency, but also overcome the problem of increased tool wear due to unstable processing.

[0033] Other additional advantages and beneficial effects of the present invention will be given in part in the following description, and in part will become obvious from the following description, or will be learned through the practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0035] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the axial side structure of the clamping mechanism in the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the axonometric structure of the pressing plate in the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 1 A is an enlarged structural diagram;

[0039] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the axonometric structure of the drill sleeve in the present invention;

[0040] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the axonometric structure of the base in the present invention;

[0041] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of static stress simulation of the clamping mechanism in the present invention in the Solidworks Simulation environment.

[0042] In the figure: 1. supporting mechanism; 11. base; 111. threaded hole; 12. positioning plate; 13. auxiliary supporting screw; 14. positioning plate; 15. supporting pin; 2. clamping mechanism; 21. telescopic spring; 22. pressure plate; 221. waist-shaped hole; 222. limiting groove; 23. connecting screw; 24. nut; 25. spherical washer; 3. drilling guide mechanism; 31. drilling template; 311. through hole; 32. bushing; 33. drill sleeve; 331. guide hole; 332. alignment slope; 333. bump; 34. screw. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] See also Figure 1-Figure 7 The present invention provides the following technical solution: a reducer housing drilling fixture, comprising: a supporting mechanism 1, a clamping mechanism 2 and a drilling guide mechanism 3.

[0046] Further, by Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, the support mechanism 1 is used to support the reducer housing to be drilled, which includes a base 11 and a positioning plate 12 fixed to the top surface of the base 11, at least two sets of clamping mechanisms 2 are symmetrically connected to the positioning plate 12, and are used to press the reducer housing from both ends, which includes a pressing plate 22 and a control component for controlling the pressing plate 22 to approach or move away from the positioning plate 12, and the drilling guide mechanism 3 is used to locate the drilling point, which includes a drilling template 31 fixed to the top of the positioning plate 12 and a drill sleeve 33, the drill sleeve 33 has a guide hole 331 for the drill bit to pass through, and a hole for installing the drill is processed on the drilling template 31. The through hole 311 of the sleeve 33, after adopting the above scheme, when in use, the clamp base 11 is fixed to the processing platform of the drilling machine with bolts, the reducer housing to be processed is placed on the top of the base 11, and the drilling position is positioned by the drill sleeve 33. During processing, the drill sleeve 33 cooperates with the drill bit, and the pressure plate 22 is made close to the positioning vertical plate 12 through the control component, so that the reducer housing can be stably clamped by the pressure plate 22 and the positioning vertical plate 12 to ensure the stability of the reducer housing. It can not only ensure the stability and accuracy of the positioning reference, which is beneficial to improving production efficiency, but also overcome the problem of increased tool wear due to unstable processing.

[0047] It should be noted that, in the present invention, four clamping mechanisms 2 are provided, and are symmetrically distributed in pairs, for clamping the reducer housing from four different positions, and have high stability. This design is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not used to limit the present invention. In actual use, the specific number and position of the clamping mechanisms 2 need to be designed according to the specific structure of the reducer housing.

[0048] Optionally, by Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the control component includes: a connecting screw 23 and a nut 24, a waist-shaped hole 221 is processed on the pressure plate 22, one end of the connecting screw 23 is fixedly connected to the positioning vertical plate 12, and the other end passes through the waist-shaped hole 221, and the nut 24 is installed on the protruding end of the connecting screw 23 by threaded engagement. After adopting the above scheme, when in use, the position of the pressure plate 22 can be adjusted by rotating the nut 24. When tightening the nut 24, the nut 24 can push the pressure plate 22 to move under the action of the threaded engagement, so that the pressure plate 22 presses the reducer housing.

[0049] In another aspect of the present invention, the waist-shaped hole 221 is designed to adjust the position of the pressing plate 22 to meet different working requirements.

[0050] Preferably, by Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the control component also includes: a telescopic spring 21, which is sleeved on the connecting screw 23 and is located between the pressure plate 22 and the positioning vertical plate 12. After adopting the above scheme, when in use, the telescopic spring 21 has a reverse elastic force, which always elastically supports the pressure plate 22, further improving the stability of the pressure plate 22. When the nut 24 is loosened, the pressure plate 22 will gradually move away from the positioning vertical plate 12 under the action of the elastic force of the telescopic spring 21.

[0051] Preferably, by Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the clamping mechanism 2 also includes: a spherical washer 25, which is sleeved on the connecting screw 23 and is located between the pressure plate 22 and the nut 24. After adopting the above scheme, when in use, the spherical washer 25 can provide a larger contact area and better force distribution, thereby reducing stress concentration and preventing loosening, and further improving stability.

[0052] Preferably, by Figure 1 and Figure 4As shown, in this embodiment, the drilling guide mechanism 3 also includes: a bushing 32 and a screw 34. The bushing 32 is located in the through hole 311, and the drill sleeve 33 is located in the bushing 32. The drill sleeve 33 is fixed to the drilling template 31 by the screw 34. In the present invention, the screw 34 is used to fix the drill sleeve 33, and the bushing 32 is generally interference fit with the through hole 311 and clearance fit with the drill sleeve 33. The bushing 32 can be selected from soft metals, rubber, nylon and non-metallic polymers and other materials, which has the function of reducing parts wear.

[0053] Preferably, by Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, in the present embodiment, a calibration bevel 332 is processed on the circumferential surface of the drill sleeve 33 and a protrusion 333 is formed at the bottom end. After tightening the screw 34, the screw 34 presses down the protrusion 333. When the drill sleeve 33 is coaxial with the through hole 311, the outer wall of the screw 34 abuts against the inner wall of the calibration bevel 332. In the present invention, the installation of the drill sleeve 33 is achieved by providing downward pressure by the screw 34. Under this installation method, the drill sleeve 33 can rotate a certain angle in the horizontal plane. Due to the design of the calibration bevel 332, when drilling, the drill bit will drive the drill sleeve 33 to rotate a certain angle, and then the calibration bevel 332 will hit the outer wall of the screw 34. The force on the bevel will generate a component force, causing the drill sleeve 33 to produce a certain displacement. At this time, the drill sleeve 33 is coaxial with the through hole 311, and then the drill bit is coaxial with the through hole 311, thereby improving the drilling accuracy.

[0054] Preferably, by Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the support mechanism 1 also includes: an auxiliary support screw 13, one end of the auxiliary support screw 13 is threadedly connected to the positioning vertical plate 12, and the other end is against the pressure plate 22. After adopting the above scheme, when in use, the auxiliary support screw 13 is used to support the pressure plate 22 from the far end, thereby further improving the stability of the pressure plate 22, sharing part of the reverse stress of the connecting screw 23, ensuring the stability of the reducer housing after being clamped, and improving the drilling accuracy.

[0055] Preferably, by Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, a limiting groove 222 is processed on the pressure plate 22, and one end of the auxiliary support screw 13 is inserted into the limiting groove 222. After adopting the above scheme, when in use, the limiting groove 222 is used to limit the auxiliary support screw 13 to ensure the stability of the cooperation between the auxiliary support screw 13 and the pressure plate 22.

[0056] Preferably, by Figure 1As shown, in this embodiment, the support mechanism 1 also includes: a positioning plate 14, the positioning plate 14 is fixed to the working surface of the positioning vertical plate 12, and the positioning plate 14 is a "convex" structure and corresponds to the axial hole of the reducer housing. After adopting the above scheme, when in use, the positioning plate 14 with the "convex" structure is partially embedded in the axial hole of the reducer housing, which is used to further position the reducer housing, thereby further improving the stability of the reducer housing and improving the drilling accuracy.

[0057] Preferably, by Figure 1 and Figure 6 As shown, in this embodiment, the support mechanism 1 also includes: a support pin 15, a threaded hole 111 is processed on the base 11, and the support pin 15 is screwed into the threaded hole 111 by threading. In the present invention, the support pin 15 is used to support the reducer housing. Rotating the support pin 15 can adjust the initial height, thereby changing the height and angle of the reducer housing to adapt to reducer housings of different specifications or models.

[0058] Example 2

[0059] In another aspect of the present invention, to ensure that the clamping force is within a predetermined range and avoid damage to the reducer housing, pressure buffer pads are fixed on the corresponding working surfaces of the pressure plate 22, the positioning vertical plate 12 and the positioning disk 14, and common flexible materials such as rubber can be selected.

[0060] Example 3

[0061] In another aspect of the present invention, in order to determine the material and specifications of the clamping mechanism 2, the present invention models the clamping mechanism 2 in Solidworks software and performs static stress simulation on the clamping mechanism 2 in the Solidworks Simulation environment. The process of modeling and static stress simulation is briefly described below.

[0062] First, calculate the drilling cutting force during the processing:

[0063] Drilling cutting force and cutting torque, based on a spindle speed of 1000rpm and a feed rate of 0.1mm / rev, it takes about 1s to drill through 1.8m.

[0064] F f =309DF 0.8 K P (1)

[0065] Where: F f is the axial cutting force (N), D is the drill diameter (mm), F is the feed per revolution (mm), K P is the correction coefficient (which can be obtained by referring to the “Cutting Force Correction Coefficient Table”).

[0066] Considering that the tool material is high-speed steel and the processing method is drilling, the parameters D = 8mm, F = 0.1, K P =0.75 into formula (1), and the result is F f =293.84N.

[0067] M=0.21D 2 f 0.8 K p (2)

[0068] Where: M is cutting torque (N·m), D is drill diameter (mm), f is feed per revolution (mm), K P is the correction coefficient (which can be obtained by referring to the “Cutting Force Correction Coefficient Table”).

[0069] Considering that the workpiece material is aluminum alloy (ZL102), the tool material is high-speed steel, and the processing method is drilling, the parameters D = 1mm, f = 0.1, K P Substituting =0.75 into formula (2), we obtain the calculation result M=1.597N·m.

[0070] Taking into account the drilling cutting force and cutting torque, and the workpiece shape is square, the material is aluminum alloy (ZL102), the main components of the positioning scheme of this box are the positioning vertical plate 12 and the supporting nails 15, the main limiting surface is the supporting surface of the positioning vertical plate 12, according to the principle of determining the point of action of the clamping force, the clamping force should be directed to the supporting surface of the positioning vertical plate 12, and four evenly distributed pressure plates 22 are selected to press on the flange of the box to clamp the workpiece. In order to reduce costs, tightening nuts 24 are selected. The four pressure plates 22 are adjustable one by one, and the auxiliary support screw 13 hinders the downward movement of this section, so that the other end of the pressure plate 22 presses the workpiece downward.

[0071] A finite element model is established based on the actual design of the fixture, which involves converting the geometry of the fixture into a digital model that can be operated on a computer, specifying the correct material properties for the model, including elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, density, etc. For the fixture, the material is gray cast iron, and then defining boundary conditions and loads for the model. The boundary conditions include the fixed position of the fixture, constraints, etc.

[0072] The clamp pressure plate 22 is optimized compared with the traditional clamp pressure plate: the chamfer of the contact surface of the traditional pressure plate is eliminated, and the waist-shaped hole 221 of the connecting screw 23 is centered. The displacement analysis and comparison of the traditional clamp pressure plate and the optimized pressure plate 22 are performed using SOLIDWORKS.

[0073]

[0074] It can be seen from the above table that the displacement change of the clamp pressure plate 22 is small. When the displacement change of the pressure plate 22 is small, it means that it can maintain good position stability after being subjected to force and is not prone to displacement or deformation. The small displacement change of the pressure plate 22 also reflects its good wear resistance. When used for a long time or frequently clamping workpieces, the pressure plate 22 can maintain good shape and dimensional stability.

[0075] The fixture presses the workpiece onto the fixture through the pressure plate 22 to achieve positioning and clamping of the workpiece. Therefore, the force condition of the pressure plate 22 must meet the stress generated by the deformation of the pressure plate 22 during actual workpiece operation. The static stress simulation diagram in the Solidworks Simulation environment (such as Figure 7 As shown, the conventional clamp plate is simulated in the same way, and the displacement diagram obtained is similar to it, only the displacement amount is different, which is not shown here) The stress analysis of the pressure plate 22 is performed to determine whether it meets the design requirements, and the calculation results are: minimum: 308.2N / m^2; maximum: 23270000N / m^2. For HT200 gray cast iron, its tensile strength is generally σ b =200MPa, and a common safety factor n=1.5 is substituted into formula (3).

[0076]

[0077] The allowable stress of HT200 can be estimated to be 133.3 MPA. The maximum stress on the pressure plate 22 is compared with the allowable stress of HT200. Since the maximum stress on the pressure plate 22 is less than the allowable stress of HT200, from the perspective of stress, it is feasible to use HT200 material to design this pressure plate 22.

[0078] Components not described in detail herein are prior art.

[0079] Working principle and use process of the present invention: When using the drilling fixture of the present invention, the fixture base 11 is fixed to the processing platform of the drilling machine with bolts, the reducer housing to be processed is placed on the top of the base 11, and the drilling position is located by the drill sleeve 33;

[0080] During processing, the drill sleeve 33 cooperates with the drill bit, and by tightening the nut 24 to make the pressure plate 22 close to the positioning vertical plate 12, the reducer housing can be stably clamped by the pressure plate 22 and the positioning vertical plate 12 to ensure the stability of the reducer housing, which can not only ensure the stability and accuracy of the positioning reference, but also help improve production efficiency and overcome the problem of increased tool wear due to unstable processing;

[0081] In another aspect of the present invention, due to the design of the calibration slope 332, when drilling, the drill bit will drive the drill sleeve 33 to rotate a certain angle, and then the calibration slope 332 will hit the outer wall of the screw 34, and the slope will generate a component force, so that the drill sleeve 33 will be displaced to a certain extent. At this time, the drill sleeve 33 and the through hole 311 are coaxial, and then the drill bit and the through hole 311 are coaxial, thereby improving the drilling accuracy;

[0082] In another aspect of the present invention, the reducer housing is supported by the support pins 15, and the initial height can be adjusted by rotating the support pins 15, thereby changing the height and angle of the reducer housing to adapt to reducer housings of different specifications or models.

[0083] Finally, it should be noted that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or replace some of the technical features therein by equivalents. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A reducer housing drilling fixture, characterized in that: include: A support mechanism (1), the support mechanism (1) being used to support a reducer housing to be drilled, comprising a base (11) and a positioning vertical plate (12) fixed to the top surface of the base (11); A clamping mechanism (2), at least two groups of the clamping mechanism (2) are symmetrically connected to the positioning vertical plate (12), and are used to clamp the reducer housing from both ends, and include a pressing plate (22) and a control component for controlling the pressing plate (22) to move closer to or farther from the positioning vertical plate (12); A drilling guide mechanism (3) is used to locate a drilling point, and comprises a drilling template (31) fixed to the top of the positioning vertical plate (12) and a drill sleeve (33), wherein the drill sleeve (33) has a guide hole (331) for a drill bit to pass through, and a through hole (311) for installing the drill sleeve (33) is processed on the drilling template (31).

2. A reducer housing drilling fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control component comprises: A connecting screw rod (23) is processed with a waist-shaped hole (221) on the pressing plate (22), one end of the connecting screw rod (23) is fixedly connected to the positioning vertical plate (12), and the other end passes through the waist-shaped hole (221); A nut (24) is installed on the protruding end of the connecting screw rod (23) by screwing.

3. A reducer housing drilling fixture according to claim 2, characterized in that: The control component also includes: A telescopic spring (21), wherein the telescopic spring (21) is sleeved on the connecting screw (23) and is located between the pressing plate (22) and the positioning vertical plate (12).

4. A reducer housing drilling fixture according to claim 2, characterized in that: The clamping mechanism (2) further comprises: A spherical washer (25), wherein the spherical washer (25) is sleeved on the connecting screw (23) and is located between the pressing plate (22) and the nut (24).

5. The reducer housing drilling fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drilling guide mechanism (3) further comprises: A bushing (32), wherein the bushing (32) is located in the through hole (311), and the drill sleeve (33) is located in the bushing (32); Screws (34), the drill sleeve (33) is fixed on the drilling template (31) by means of screws (34).

6. A reducer housing drilling fixture according to claim 5, characterized in that: A positioning bevel (332) is machined on the circumferential surface of the drill sleeve (33) and a convex block (333) is formed at the bottom end. After the screw (34) is tightened, the screw (34) presses down the convex block (333). When the drill sleeve (33) and the through hole (311) are coaxial, the outer wall of the screw (34) abuts against the inner wall of the positioning bevel (332).

7. The reducer housing drilling fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support mechanism (1) further comprises: An auxiliary support screw rod (13), one end of which is threadedly connected to the positioning vertical plate (12) and the other end of which is against the pressing plate (22).

8. The reducer housing drilling fixture according to claim 7, characterized in that: A limiting groove (222) is processed on the pressing plate (22), and one end of the auxiliary support screw rod (13) is inserted into the limiting groove (222).

9. The reducer housing drilling fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support mechanism (1) further comprises: A positioning plate (14), wherein the positioning plate (14) is fixed to the working surface of the positioning vertical plate (12), and the positioning plate (14) is a "convex" structure and corresponds to the shaft hole of the reducer housing.

10. The reducer housing drilling fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support mechanism (1) further comprises: A support pin (15) is processed with a threaded hole (111) on the base (11), and the support pin (15) is screwed into the threaded hole (111) by means of a threaded screwing method.

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