Freight car coupler

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of railway vehicle connection, and particularly relates to a freight car coupler. The coupler comprises a coupler body, a coupler knuckle, an uncoupling rod, a tension spring rod and a tension spring, the coupler body comprises a coupler head, a coupler body and a coupler tail, a convex cone structure and a concave cone structure are arranged on the connecting face of the front end of the coupler head in a bilateral symmetry mode, and the curved surface of the concave cone structure of one freight car coupler guides and envelops the convex cone structure of the other freight car coupler to enter a coupling position. The coupler head is provided with a cavity matched with the coupler knuckle in shape at the center of the coupler connecting face, and the coupler knuckle is movably arranged in the cavity. Remote coupling rescue is achieved, the self weight is small, the self weight of the vehicle can be reduced, the coupling gap is small, the longitudinal impulse level of the vehicle can be improved, the dynamic performance is improved, and the space profile is small.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of railway vehicle connection, and in particular relates to a freight car coupler. Background Art

[0002] At present, railway freight adopts a large-volume marshaling transport mode, and vehicles are connected by 13B or 17 type couplers. If 13B type couplers are used to connect carriages, 13B type couplers are suitable for freight trains with medium load requirements. They can bear the traction between each carriage and ensure that the carriages will not get loose during driving. Although the 13B type coupler can meet this type of transportation needs, there may be certain traction and stability pressures in super-long trains or heavy-load transportation, especially under high load conditions; if the 17 type coupler is used, it can provide stronger traction and higher stability, especially when the train is long and the cargo is heavy. The 17 type coupler can more effectively transmit traction and ensure the stability of the train. The design of the 17 type coupler can withstand greater pulling force and reduce the risk of loosening or damage under long-term, high-load transportation. The design of the 17 type coupler requires it to have a higher load-bearing capacity, so it is usually heavier than the 13B type coupler. The increase in weight will lead to an increase in the overall mass of the train, which may affect fuel (electricity) consumption and transportation efficiency for high-speed trains and long-distance transportation. Although the traction is enhanced, the increase in the weight of the coupler itself may lead to a decrease in the overall transportation economy, especially when a heavy-load coupler is not required.

[0003] In summary, the above two types of couplers have large connection contours, deadweight, and connection gaps, and cannot achieve remote automatic coupling; manual intervention is required during the coupling process, and there are safety hazards due to the large connection gap; at the same time, when a fault occurs during the connection process, it is difficult to perform remote diagnosis and repair. For unmanned transport freight vehicles using automatic control mode, these two types of couplers that cannot achieve remote coupling and rescue are no longer applicable. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the deficiencies of the above-mentioned background technology and provide a freight car coupler. It has the characteristics of small deadweight, coupling gap and space profile, and can implement coupling rescue remotely, which well fills the vehicle connection coupler type in the new freight mode.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a freight coupler, including a hook body, a hook tongue, an unhooking rod, a tension spring rod and a tension spring, the hook body including a hook head, a hook body and a hook tail, a convex cone structure and a concave cone structure are symmetrically arranged at the front end connecting surface of the hook head, the contour surface shapes of the convex cone structure and the concave cone structure are the same, the curved surface of the concave cone structure of one freight coupler guides and envelopes the convex cone structure of the other freight coupler to enter the connecting position, the hook head is provided with a cavity matching the shape of the hook tongue at the center of the coupler connecting surface, the hook tongue is movably arranged in the cavity, the cavity is communicated with the curved surface of the concave cone structure, the center of the hook tongue is connected to one end of the unhooking rod, the middle part of the unhooking rod is fixedly connected to one end of the first tension spring rod, the other end of the first tension spring rod is fixedly connected to one end of the tension spring, the other end of the tension spring is fixedly connected to the second tension spring rod or connected to the driving device, and the second tension spring rod is fixed on the hook body.

[0006] In the above technical solution, by setting a convex cone structure and a concave cone structure at the front end of the hook head and making their contour surfaces the same, the two freight hooks can be smoothly connected. The curved surface guidance of the concave cone structure and the enveloping convex cone structure ensure that the hooking process is smoother, reduce the error of human operation and the risk of improper connection, and improve the accuracy and safety of the hooking.

[0007] A further preferred structure is that the hook tongue is a semi-cylindrical structure, and the cavity is a semi-cylindrical cavity. The hook tongue is located in the initial connection position in the semi-cylindrical cavity through the connection of a tension spring. When the hook tongue is located in the initial connection position, the central section of the semi-cylindrical structure of the hook tongue forms a certain angle with the central plane between the convex cone structure and the concave cone structure. When the hook tongue is located in the initial connection position, a part of the hook tongue is located in the semi-cylindrical cavity, and the other part is located in the curved surface of the concave cone structure.

[0008] In the above technical solution, the semi-cylindrical structure of the hook tongue matches the cavity, allowing the hook tongue to move flexibly in the cavity. When the hook tongue is docked with the structure of the hook head, the tension of the tension spring can provide appropriate restraint force to ensure the stability and tightness of the connection. This design reduces the jamming phenomenon and improves the loading and unloading efficiency and connection reliability.

[0009] In a further preferred structure, the semi-cylindrical cavity is provided with semi-circular bosses above and below to limit the horizontal displacement of the hook tongue so that the hook tongue can rotate in the semi-cylindrical cavity.

[0010] A further preferred structure is that a center hole is opened at the center of the cross-section of the semi-cylindrical structure of the hook tongue, so that one end of the unhooking rod passes through the center hole and is connected and fixed with a locking nut and a gasket; a card slot is provided in the center hole of the hook tongue for assembly positioning and limiting the rotation of the unhooking rod.

[0011] A further preferred structure is that a threaded round rod is provided at one end of the unhooking rod, which is inserted into the center hole of the hook tongue and fixedly connected, and a vertical L-shaped structure handle is adopted at the other end for applying a load at the handle to operate the hook tongue to rotate.

[0012] A further preferred structure is that two parallel limit blocks are arranged on one side of the front end connecting surface of the hook head, and a gap is provided between the two limit blocks in the vertical direction. Both ends of the limit rod are respectively fixed on the two limit blocks, and a circular hole is provided on each limit block for installing the limit rod.

[0013] A further preferred structure is that a limit plate is provided in the middle of the unhooking rod, and a bayonet is provided on the limit plate. When the hook tongue rotates to the separation position, the limit plate contacts the outer end surface of the hook head, and the bayonet cooperates with the limit rod to limit the maximum rotation angle of the hook tongue.

[0014] A further preferred structure is that two planes are provided on the two limit blocks, and the circular hole includes an inner circular hole and an outer circular hole, and the inner circular hole and the outer circular hole are respectively opened on the inner and outer planes of the limit blocks, so as to rotate the limit rod from the outer circular holes of the two limit blocks to the inner circular holes, and cooperate with the bayonet opened on the limit plate of the unhooking rod to limit the unhooking rod.

[0015] In the above technical solution, by setting the limit block and the limit rod, the rotation range of the hook tongue can be effectively limited to prevent the hook tongue from over-rotating or losing control. This design helps to ensure the stability and accuracy of the hook tongue during operation, avoids connection failure or damage caused by excessive rotation or improper movement, and improves the safety and reliability of the overall system.

[0016] In a further preferred structure, a central circular hole is provided in the middle of the unhooking rod for passing the tension spring rod and the anti-loosening nut and the gasket to fix the tension spring.

[0017] In a further preferred structure, the hook tail adopts a spherical end surface structure to support the hook to rotate or move horizontally in all directions around the center of the spherical end surface, and the hook tail is provided with a hook tail pin hole for connecting with other vehicle parts.

[0018] In the above technical solution, the spherical end surface structure of the hook tail can support the freight vehicle coupler to rotate or move horizontally around the center of the spherical end surface in all directions, ensuring adaptability and flexibility in different situations. This allows the coupler to maintain a stable connection when the vehicle position changes slightly, avoiding connection problems caused by changes in vehicle position and improving operational flexibility and stability.

[0019] In a further preferred structure, the tension spring can be connected to an electric cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder as a driving device to implement remote automatic control.

[0020] The present invention realizes remote coupling rescue, has a small deadweight, can reduce the deadweight of the vehicle, has a small coupling gap, can improve the longitudinal impulse level of the vehicle, improves the dynamic performance, and has a small spatial contour. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is the front view of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Sectional view at AA;

[0023] Figure 3 A top view of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 It is a left side view of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 It is a right side view of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6 It is a stereogram of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 7 A three-dimensional diagram of the present invention from another angle;

[0028] In the figure, 1-hook body (11-hook head; 111-convex cone structure; 112-concave cone structure; 113-semi-cylindrical cavity; 114-semi-circular boss; 115-limiting block; 151-circular hole; 12-hook body; 13-hook tail; 131-hook tail pin hole); 2-tension spring rod; 3-tension spring; 4-unhooking rod (41-L-shaped structure handle; 42-limiting plate; 421-bayonet; 43-center circular hole); 5-anti-loosening nut; 6-hook tongue (61-center hole; 62-card slot); 7-locking nut; 8-nut (81-cotter pin); 9-limiting rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The specific embodiments of the present invention are further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the description of these embodiments is used to help understand the present invention, but does not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0030] In the following description, specific details such as specific system structures, technologies, etc. are provided for the purpose of illustration rather than limitation, so as to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present application. However, it should be clear to those skilled in the art that the present application may also be implemented in other embodiments without these specific details. In other cases, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted to prevent unnecessary details from obstructing the description of the present application.

[0031] It should be understood that the term “and / or” used in the specification and appended claims of this application refers to any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items, and includes these combinations.

[0032] In addition, in the description of the present application and the claims, the terms "first", "second", "third", "top", "bottom", "one side", "the other side", "one end", "the other end", etc. are only used to distinguish the description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. For example, without departing from the scope of this specification, the first component can be called the second component, and similarly, the second component can be called the first component. The components at the top and the bottom can also be swapped or converted with each other under certain circumstances; the components at one end and the other end can have the same or different performances.

[0033] In the case of using "including", "having" and "comprising" described in this specification, unless used, there may also be another part or other parts, and the terms used may generally be singular but may also represent plural forms. In the description of this specification, it should be understood that the orientation or position relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc. is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention. In addition, when constituting a component, although there is no clear description thereof, it can be understood that a certain error area must be included.

[0034] When describing a positional relationship, for example, when the positional sequence is described as "on," "above," "below," and "next," unless words or terms such as "just" or "directly" are used, situations where they are not in contact or in contact may also be included. If a first element is mentioned to be "on" a second element, it does not mean that the first element must be above the second element in the figure. The upper and lower parts of the component will change depending on the change in the angle of observation and orientation. Therefore, in the drawings or in the actual construction, if it is mentioned that the first element is "on" the second element, it may include a situation where the first element is "below" the second element and a situation where the first element is "above" the second element.

[0035] like Figure 1-7As shown, a freight vehicle coupler of the present invention comprises a hook body 1, a hook tongue 6, an unhooking rod 4, a tension spring 3, a tension spring rod 2, and a limiting rod 9. The hook body 1 is integrally cast from three parts: a hook head 11, a hook body 12, and a hook tail 13. A convex cone structure 111 and a concave cone structure 112 are arranged on the left and right sides of the connecting surface of the hook head 11. The convex cone structure 111 and the concave cone structure 112 have the same contour surface, and both adopt a variable-section cylindrical structure. The curved surface of the concave cone structure 112 guides and envelopes the convex cone structure 111 to enter a connecting position. The hook head 11 and the hook body 12 adopt a hollow structure to reduce their own weight. The hook head 11 is provided with a semi-cylindrical cavity 113 matching the hook tongue 6 at the center of the coupler connection surface. The semi-cylindrical cavity 113 is connected to the space formed by the curved surface of the concave cone structure 112. The semi-cylindrical cavity 113 is provided with semi-circular bosses 114 above and below to limit the horizontal displacement of the hook tongue 6 so that the hook tongue 6 can only rotate in the semi-cylindrical cavity 113. The upper part of the hook head 11 is connected to the hook body 12 with reinforcing ribs to enhance the strength of the coupler. Two limit blocks 115 are provided at one end of the connection surface of the hook head 11. The size and shape of the limit blocks 115 are the same and there is a certain distance in the vertical direction. At the same time, there are two circular holes 151 on the two limit blocks 115 to support the limit rod 9 for limiting. The hook body 12 adopts a hollow square column structure to reduce its own weight. The hook tail 13 adopts a spherical end surface structure to support the vehicle hook to rotate or move horizontally around the center of the spherical end surface in all directions. The hook tail 13 is provided with a hook tail pin hole 131 adopting an oblong hole structure to connect with other vehicle components.

[0036] In some optional embodiments, the hook tongue 6 adopts a semi-cylindrical structure, and a semi-circular boss 114 is set on the edge, and is assembled with the hook body 1 in the semi-cylindrical cavity 113. The hook body 1 and the hook tongue 6 adopt a clearance fit to support the hook tongue 6 to rotate horizontally around the center of the semi-circular boss 114 of the hook body 1. The assembly clearance between the hook tongue 6 and the hook body 1 is the coupling clearance of the coupler. Compared with the traditional truck coupler, this structure can greatly reduce the coupling clearance, thereby reducing the longitudinal impulse of the train and improving the life and reliability of the coupler components. A center hole 61 is opened at the center of the semi-cylindrical structure section of the hook tongue 6, so that the uncoupling rod 4 passes through the center hole 61 to be connected and fixed with the locking nut 7 and the gasket. A slot 62 structure is adopted at the center hole 61 of the semi-cylindrical surface of the hook tongue 6 to assemble and position and limit the rotation of the uncoupling rod 4.

[0037] In some optional embodiments, a threaded round rod is provided at one end of the unhooking rod 4, which is inserted into the central hole 61 of the hook tongue 6 for connection and fixation, and a vertical L-shaped structure handle 41 is used at the other end to apply a load at the handle to operate the hook tongue 6 to rotate. A limit plate 42 is provided in the middle of the unhooking rod 4, and a bayonet 421 is provided on the limit plate 42. When the hook tongue 6 rotates to the separation position (that is, the central section of the semi-cylindrical structure of the hook tongue 6 coincides with the central plane between the convex cone structure 111 and the concave cone structure 112), the limit plate 42 and the outer end surface of the hook head 11 ( Figure 6The bayonet 421 cooperates with the limiting rod 9 to limit the rotation limit angle of the hook tongue 6. A central circular hole 43 is provided in the middle of the unhooking rod 4 to pass the tension spring rod 2 and the anti-loosening nut 5 and the gasket to fix the tension spring 3.

[0038] In some optional embodiments, one end of the tension spring 3 is fixed to the hook body through the tension spring rod 2, and the other end is fixed to the unhooking rod 4 through the tension spring rod 2. When the tension spring 3 is assembled, a certain pre-tension is applied to ensure that the hook tongue 6 is in the initial connection position before the connection. The initial connection position refers to the initial position of the hook tongue 6 in the semi-cylindrical cavity 113 of the hook body 1. At this time, the central section of the semi-cylindrical structure of the hook tongue 6 forms a certain angle ( Figure 2 In the figure α), a part of the hook tongue 6 is located in the semi-cylindrical cavity 113, and the other part is located in the curved surface of the concave cone structure 112. During the rotation of the hook tongue 6, the tension of the tension spring 3 becomes larger and larger. When the hook tongue 6 rotates to the separation position (that is, the central section of the semi-cylindrical structure of the hook tongue 6 coincides with the central plane between the convex cone structure 111 and the concave cone structure 112), the tension of the tension spring 3 is at the maximum value. At this time, the load applied to the unhooking rod 4 is eliminated. Under the action of the tension, the tension spring 3 can rotate with the hook tongue 6 and the unhooking rod 4 to restore to the original connected initial position.

[0039] In some optional embodiments, the limiting rod 9 adopts a cylindrical structure, and two planes are respectively provided on the two limiting blocks 115, and the outer circular hole and the inner circular hole are respectively opened on the two planes, so that after the limiting rod 9 is rotated, it can move from the outer circular hole of the two limiting blocks 115 of the hook head 11 to the inner circular hole to limit the limiting plate 42 of the unhooking rod 4.

[0040] The method of using the present invention is as follows: when two couplers are connected, the convex cone structures 111 of the two freight couplers are respectively inserted into the concave cone structures 112 of the opposite freight couplers. As the convex cone structure 111 moves forward along the arc guide line of the concave cone structure 112, the cross-section of the convex cone structure 111 squeezes the semi-cylindrical hook tongue 6 to rotate from the initial position in the semi-cylindrical cavity 113 of the hook body 1. When the rotation centers of the two freight coupler hook tongues 6 are close to overlapping, the two coupler hook bodies 1 form a complete cylindrical cavity, and the two coupler hook tongues 6 form a complete cylindrical stopper. Under the tension of their respective tension springs 3, the two coupler hook tongues 6 are rotated to the connection position (the same position as the initial connection position), thereby completing the connection action of the two couplers.

[0041] When the two couplers are separated, a load is applied to the handle of the unhooking lever 4 to rotate the hook tongue 6 to the separation position. At this time, the limit plate 42 of the unhooking lever 4 is aligned with the outer end surface of the hook head 11 ( Figure 6 The limit rod 9 is rotated to move from the outer hole of the limit plate 42 to the inner hole of the limit plate 42, and is engaged with the bayonet 421 of the limit plate 42 to limit the rebound of the unhooking rod 4 under tension, thereby ensuring that the hook tongue 6 is in the separation position, thereby completing the separation of the two hooks.

[0042] The above are only specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. The contents not described in detail in this specification belong to the prior art known to professional and technical personnel in the field.

Claims

1. A freight car coupler, characterized in that: The invention comprises a hook body (1), a hook tongue (6), an unhooking rod (4), a tension spring rod (2) and a tension spring (3); the hook body (1) comprises a hook head (11), a hook body (12) and a hook tail (13); a convex cone structure (111) and a concave cone structure (112) are symmetrically arranged at the front end connection surface of the hook head (11); the curved surface of the concave cone structure (112) of one freight coupler guides and envelops the convex cone structure (111) of the other freight coupler to enter a coupling position; the hook head (11) is provided with a protruding cone structure (111) at the center of the coupler connection surface to be connected with the hook. The hook tongue (6) has a cavity with a shape matching that of the hook tongue (6), the hook tongue (6) is movably arranged in the cavity, the cavity is communicated with the curved surface of the concave cone structure (112), the center of the hook tongue (6) is connected to one end of the unhooking rod (4), the middle of the unhooking rod (4) is fixedly connected to one end of the first tension spring rod (2), the other end of the first tension spring rod (2) is fixedly connected to one end of the tension spring (3), the other end of the tension spring (3) is fixedly connected to the second tension spring rod (2) or connected to a driving device, and the second tension spring rod (2) is fixed on the hook body (12).

2. A freight coupler according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hook tongue (6) is a semi-cylindrical structure, and the cavity is a semi-cylindrical cavity (113). The hook tongue (6) is located in an initial connection position in the semi-cylindrical cavity (113) through the connection of a tension spring (3). When the hook tongue (6) is located in the initial connection position, a central section of the semi-cylindrical structure of the hook tongue (6) forms a certain angle with a central plane between the convex cone structure (111) and the concave cone structure (112), and a part of the hook tongue (6) is located in the semi-cylindrical cavity (113), and another part is located in a curved surface of the concave cone structure (112).

3. A freight coupler according to claim 2, characterized in that: The semi-cylindrical cavity (113) is provided with semi-circular bosses (114) at the top and bottom, which are used to limit the horizontal displacement of the hook tongue (6) so that the hook tongue (6) can rotate in the semi-cylindrical cavity (113).

4. A freight coupler according to claim 1, characterized in that: A center hole (61) is provided at the center of the semi-cylindrical structure section of the hook tongue (6), so that one end of the unhooking rod (4) can pass through the center hole (61) and be connected and fixed with the locking nut (7) and the gasket; a slot (62) is provided in the center hole (61) of the hook tongue (6) for assembly positioning and limiting the rotation of the unhooking rod (4).

5. A freight coupler according to claim 4, characterized in that: A threaded round rod is arranged at one end of the unhooking rod (4) and inserted into the central hole (61) of the hook tongue (6) for fixed connection, and a vertical L-shaped structure handle (41) is adopted at the other end for applying a load at the handle to operate the hook tongue (6) to rotate.

6. A freight coupler according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two mutually parallel limit blocks (115) are arranged on one side of the front end connection surface of the hook head (11), and a gap is provided between the two limit blocks (115) in the vertical direction. The two ends of the limit rod (9) are respectively fixed on the two limit blocks (115), and a circular hole (151) is provided on each limit block (115) for installing the limit rod (9).

7. A freight vehicle coupler according to claim 6, characterized in that: A limit plate (42) is arranged in the middle of the unhooking rod (4), and a bayonet (421) is provided on the limit plate (42). When the hook tongue (6) rotates to the separation position, the limit plate (42) contacts the outer end surface of the hook head (11), and the bayonet (421) cooperates with the limit rod (9) to limit the rotation limit angle of the hook tongue (6).

8. A freight vehicle coupler according to claim 6, characterized in that: The two limit blocks (115) are each provided with two planes, and the circular hole (151) comprises an inner circular hole and an outer circular hole, which are respectively provided on the inner and outer planes of the limit block (115) so as to rotate the limit rod (9) from the outer circular hole of the two limit blocks (115) to the inner circular hole, and cooperate with the bayonet (421) provided on the limit plate (42) of the unhooking rod (4) to limit the unhooking rod (4).

9. A freight vehicle coupler according to claim 1, characterized in that: A central circular hole (43) is provided in the middle of the unhooking rod (4) for passing the tension spring rod (2) and the anti-loosening nut (5) and the gasket to fix the tension spring (3).

10. A freight coupler according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hook tail (13) adopts a spherical end surface structure to support the vehicle hook to rotate in all directions or move horizontally around the center of the spherical end surface. The hook tail (13) is provided with a hook tail pin hole (131) to connect with other vehicle parts.

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