An aeration enhanced cavitating jet device and method of operation

Abstract

The application discloses an aeration enhanced cavitation jet device and a working method in the field of cavitation. Air enters the space between the upper cylindrical hole plate and the lower cylindrical hole plate from the air inlet and the air injection hole, and high-pressure water enters the space between the upper cylindrical hole plate and the lower cylindrical hole plate from the high-pressure water inlet, and is preliminarily mixed with the air. The air injection pipe sends the air into the lower aeration tank, and the high-pressure water and the air complete the first-stage cavitation enhancement between the upper cylindrical hole plate and the lower cylindrical hole plate. The preliminarily mixed high-pressure water passes through the large cavitation nozzle and the small cavitation nozzle, and completes the second-stage cavitation enhancement. The propeller rotates, the water and the air are mixed more fully, and the third-stage cavitation enhancement is completed. The high-speed jet flow passes through the support arm and flows to the outlet at the bottom of the aeration device, and the fourth-stage cavitation enhancement is completed. The multi-stage enhancement is adopted, the cavitation is enhanced at multiple positions, the strength of the cavitation is changed within a certain range, and the cavitation efficiency and controllability are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of cavitation technology, and more specifically to a method and apparatus for enhancing cavitation effect through aeration and submerged cavitation nozzles. Background Technology

[0002] In some industrial sectors, cavitation technology can effectively meet the requirements of high efficiency and environmental protection. When the pressure of a fluid medium is below its saturated vapor pressure, a large number of bubbles will precipitate. These bubbles will rapidly collapse when entering a high-pressure zone, generating localized high pressure, high temperature, and high-speed jets. Temperatures can reach 1900-5200K, pressures can reach GPa levels, and microflow velocities can reach 100m / s. This is cavitation. The energy generated by cavitation can rapidly decompose organic matter and also give materials plasticity. Therefore, the cavitation effect is widely used in wastewater treatment, metallurgy, and other fields. However, the efficiency of directly using ordinary fluid media for cavitation is not high.

[0003] Currently, common methods to enhance cavitation include modifying the structure of centrifugal pumps, artificially setting low-pressure, high-speed conditions, and cooling. However, these methods are costly, have low cavitation efficiency, and do not achieve environmental protection effects. Patent publication number CN109824152A, entitled "A Cavitation Jet Ozone Degradation and Oxygenation Device for Marine Aquaculture," includes a nozzle, an intake chamber, an intake pipe, a self-excited oscillating chamber, a throat, and a diffuser. The intake chamber has an intake pipe and a liquid inlet on its outer side. The nozzle is connected to the liquid inlet of the intake chamber. The intake chamber is connected to the inlet of the self-excited oscillating chamber, the throat is connected to the outlet of the self-excited oscillating chamber, and the inlet of the diffuser is connected to the outlet of the throat. A water pump draws working water from the aeration tank, pressurizes the working water, and sprays it from the nozzle. Ozone is drawn into the intake chamber through the intake pipe, mixes with the water, and enters the self-excited oscillating chamber, forming a pulsed cavitation jet. The self-excited oscillating chamber is used to transform a constant jet into a pulsed jet. This cavitation enhancement occurs only at a single location, making it difficult to change the degree of enhancement for various applications and resulting in low controllability. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art by proposing an aeration-enhanced cavitation jet device and its working method, which adopts multi-stage enhancement, with the enhancement effect occurring at multiple locations in the device, thereby improving controllability.

[0005] The technical solution of the aeration-enhanced cavitation jet device of the present invention is as follows: water in the water tank enters the aeration device after being pumped by a high-pressure water pump; airflow enters the aeration device after being pumped by an air compressor; the outlet at the bottom of the aeration device is connected to the inlet of a submerged cavitation nozzle, which is submerged above the water surface in the water tank; the aeration device includes a sealed cavity formed by an upper aeration box and a lower aeration box that are fitted together and sealed; the interior of the sealed cavity is provided with an upper cylindrical perforated plate, an air injection pipe, a lower cylindrical perforated plate, a large cavitation nozzle, and a small cavitation nozzle; an air inlet is opened at the top of the upper aeration box, and the upper cylindrical perforated plate is directly below the air inlet; the outer wall of the upper cylindrical perforated plate is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the upper aeration box; the lower cylindrical perforated plate is directly below the upper cylindrical perforated plate; and the upper cylindrical perforated plate and the lower cylindrical perforated plate are connected together. A high-pressure water inlet is located on the side wall of the upper aeration box between the cylindrical perforated plates. The upper cylindrical perforated plate is provided with several rings of air injection holes and air injection pipes arranged in annular array. The air injection holes pass through the upper cylindrical perforated plate, and the air injection pipes pass downward through the lower cylindrical perforated plate and extend to the top of the lower aeration box. An air outlet is located at the bottom side wall of the air injection pipe, which is closed at the bottom. The lower cylindrical perforated plate is provided with several rings of large cavitation nozzles and small cavitation nozzles arranged in annular array. A propeller is located in the upper part of the lower aeration box. The propeller is connected to a vertical main shaft through bearings. The main shaft is located on the central axis of the upper and lower aeration boxes. The bottom end of the main shaft is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the lower aeration box through a bracket composed of three double-airfoil-shaped support arms. The lower aeration box is a cone shape that is larger at the top and smaller at the bottom.

[0006] Furthermore, an anti-backflow device is installed in the air injection pipe near the air outlet. This anti-backflow device consists of a small steel ball, a spring, and a baffle. The small steel ball can move up and down inside the air injection pipe. The baffle is a through cone plate with a smaller upper hole and a larger lower hole. The lower end of the baffle is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the air injection pipe. The diameter of the upper hole is smaller than the diameter of the small steel ball. A spring is installed at the bottom of the air injection pipe, and the top of the spring is fixedly connected to the small steel ball. When the airflow compresses the spring downwards, the bottom end of the small steel ball is always located above the center of the air outlet.

[0007] Furthermore, the cross-section of the injection tube decreases in a stepwise manner from top to bottom.

[0008] Furthermore, the bottom of the air injection port is equipped with a similar anti-backflow device.

[0009] Furthermore, the large cavitation nozzle and the small cavitation nozzle are arranged alternately in the inward and outward directions, with the same height. The inlet of each nozzle is connected in sequence to a contraction tube, a throat tube, and a diffuser tube.

[0010] Furthermore, the inlet inner diameter of the large cavitation nozzle is 2-3 times that of the small cavitation nozzle, the maximum inner diameter of the contraction tube of the large cavitation nozzle is 2-3 times that of the small cavitation nozzle, the inner diameter of the throat of the large cavitation nozzle is 1.5 times that of the small cavitation nozzle, and the throat length of the small cavitation nozzle is longer than that of the large cavitation nozzle.

[0011] The working method of the aeration-enhanced cavitation jet device of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0012] Step A): Air enters through the air inlet and then through the air injection hole into the space between the upper and lower cylindrical perforated plates. At the same time, high-pressure water is injected into the space between the upper and lower cylindrical perforated plates through the high-pressure water inlet, where it is initially mixed with the air. The air injection pipe then sends the air into the lower aeration box. The high-pressure water and air complete the first stage of cavitation enhancement between the upper and lower cylindrical perforated plates.

[0013] Step B): The initially mixed high-pressure water forms a high-speed jet and cavitation bubbles through the large cavitation nozzle and the small cavitation nozzle, completing the second stage of cavitation enhancement, so that the high-pressure water is evenly distributed in the lower aeration box.

[0014] Step C): The air through the air injection pipe passes through the upper and lower cylindrical orifice plates and mixes further with the high-pressure water. Under the action of the high-speed jet formed by the large and small cavitation nozzles, the propeller rotates, making the water and air mix more thoroughly, thus completing the third stage of cavitation enhancement.

[0015] Step D): The high-speed jet passes through the support arm, the flow velocity increases, the pressure decreases, negative pressure is generated, and it flows to the outlet at the bottom of the aeration device, completing the fourth stage of cavitation enhancement.

[0016] The beneficial effects of adopting the above-described solution in this invention are as follows:

[0017] 1. The device of this invention utilizes Bernoulli's principle to allow the water temperature to decrease naturally, rather than through artificial cooling, thus saving manpower and resources. Furthermore, the temperature reduction range can be controlled by increasing the number and diameter of the air injection pipes, providing controllability. Simultaneously, it creatively utilizes the principle of low water temperature and high gas content, requiring minimal energy input, significantly reducing costs, and improving cavitation efficiency.

[0018] 2. The propeller installed in the aeration device of this invention can rotate at high speed without any power under the drive of the high-speed jet. While generating low pressure, it also generates cavitation bubbles on the back of the blade, and can also stir the high-pressure water, making it mix better with air. The whole process requires no manual intervention and no energy, making it highly efficient and energy-saving.

[0019] 3. The support structure in the device of this invention is modeled after the principle of an airfoil. Utilizing Bernoulli's principle, the high-speed jet accelerates its flow velocity as it passes through the support, generating low pressure and simultaneously producing cavitation. The lower aeration box is processed into a cone shape, which accelerates the convergence of cavitation bubbles, effectively reducing the problem of potential cavitation bubble rupture during movement and enhancing the cavitation effect.

[0020] 4. The device of the present invention uses two different nozzles, large and small cavitation nozzles, and uses the different inner diameters of the throat to make the water jet speed different, so that the water flow can be distributed more evenly in the lower aeration box, which can better mix with the air and better exert the propeller.

[0021] 5. The entire enhancement process is divided into four stages of cavitation enhancement and final cavitation. Enhancement occurs at multiple locations, and the graded working structure allows the intensity of cavitation to vary within a certain range. This makes the device suitable for more types of work that require cavitation.

[0022] 6. The final cavitation effect uses a submerged cavitation nozzle instead of a regular nozzle. It generates a low-pressure vortex through shearing action, and then generates cavitation bubbles through a chain reaction, eventually forming a cavitation cloud. This enhances the intensity of the final cavitation effect. In addition, the shearing action of the submerged nozzle can deliver the cavitation bubbles to the work site faster and more safely. Its performance is far better than that of a regular nozzle.

[0023] 7. This invention mixes water and air for aeration, increasing the dissolved oxygen content in the water. The abundant bubbles can increase the contact area with water, improve the dissolved oxygen efficiency, and ultimately increase the gas content to enhance cavitation. Attached Figure Description

[0024] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure and connection of an aeration-enhanced cavitation jet device according to the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of the internal structure of the intermediate aeration device;

[0027] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged three-dimensional structure diagram of the upper cylindrical perforated plate, air injection pipe, and air injection hole;

[0028] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of the bottom structure of the central inlet gas tube;

[0029] Figure 5 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of the three-dimensional structure of the lower cylindrical perforated plate in the image;

[0030] Figure 6 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of the large cavitation nozzle structure and partial dimension annotation;

[0031] Figure 7 for Figure 2Enlarged view of the small cavitation nozzle structure and partial dimension annotation;

[0032] Figure 8 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of the support structure in the image;

[0033] Figure 9 for Figure 2 The diagram shows the internal working state of the aeration device.

[0034] In the diagram: 1. Air compressor; 2. High-pressure air storage system; 3. Air source distribution box; 4. Aeration box; 5. Vortex flow meter; 6. Pressure regulating valve; 7. High-pressure water pump; 8. Filter; 9. Return pipeline; 10. Water tank; 11. Submerged cavitation nozzle; 12. External support; 13. Air injection pipe; 14. Small cavitation nozzle; 15. Air injection pipe threaded hole; 16. Large cavitation nozzle; 17. Upper cylindrical orifice plate; 18. Upper aeration box; 19. Air injection hole; 20. Lower cylindrical orifice plate; 21. Air... 21. Air inlet; 22. High-pressure water inlet; 23. Lower aeration box; 24. Bolt; 25. Upper propeller; 26. Lower propeller; 27. Upper bearing; 28. Lower bearing; 29. ​​Support; 30. Aeration device outlet; 31. Main shaft; 32. First-stage cavitation; 33. Second-stage cavitation; 34. Third-stage cavitation; 35. First, second, and third-stage mixed cavitation; 36. Steel ball; 37. Baffle; 38. Spring; 39. Air outlet of air injection pipe; 41. Main control system; 42. Support arm. Detailed Implementation

[0035] See Figure 1This invention discloses an aeration-enhanced cavitation jet device comprising: a water flow path, an air flow path, and an aeration device. The water flow path is sequentially connected via a return pipe 9 to a water tank 10, a filter 8, a high-pressure water pump 7, a pressure regulating valve 6, a vortex flow meter 5, an aeration device 4, and a submerged cavitation nozzle 11. Water flowing from the water tank 10 first enters the filter 8 via the return pipe 9. After initial filtration, the water flows into the high-pressure water pump 7 for pressurization. The high-pressure water pump 7 compresses the water into high-pressure water and provides the driving force for its flow. The water reaches the pressure regulating valve 6. Upon receiving a current signal from the main control system 41, the pressure regulating valve 6 actuates the valve, changing the cross-sectional area between the valve core and valve seat, thereby controlling the flow rate, flow volume, and pressure of the water to achieve the desired effect. The regulated high-pressure water then flows through the vortex flow meter 5, which records the flow rate before entering the aeration device 4. The airflow path consists of, in sequence, an air compressor 1, a high-pressure air storage system 2, an air source distribution box 3, an aeration device 4, a submerged cavitation nozzle 11, and a water tank 10. The airflow path begins at the air compressor 1, the outlet of the aeration device 4 connects to the inlet of the submerged cavitation nozzle 11, and finally returns to the water tank 10 through the submerged cavitation nozzle 11, which is submerged above the water surface. The air compressor 1 is available in both positive displacement and dynamic types. Air entering the air compressor 1 is compressed into high-pressure air, converting mechanical energy into pressure energy, providing the initial power for the airflow path. After being formed, the high-pressure air reaches the high-pressure air storage system 2, which is equipped with a one-way valve and a positive displacement valve. The one-way valve prevents air backflow, and the positive displacement valve controls gas release. After being stored for a period of time, the air is released and flows to the air source distribution box 3 for final processing. The air source distribution box 3 is equipped with a separation device and a filter device, which can achieve air depressurization, water vapor separation, and filtration of air impurities. The processed air then enters the aeration device 4 for further processing.

[0036] The main control system 41 connects to the filter 8, high-pressure water pump 7, pressure regulating valve 6, vortex flow meter 5, aeration device 4, air compressor 1, high-pressure air storage system 2, and air source distribution box 3, and enables the entire process to operate automatically by transmitting signals.

[0037] See Figure 2The aeration device 4 shown, which enhances the aeration effect, includes: an air injection pipe 13, a small cavitation nozzle 14, an air injection pipe threaded hole 15, a large cavitation nozzle 16, an upper cylindrical orifice plate 17, an upper aeration box 18, an air injection hole 19, a lower cylindrical orifice plate 20, an air inlet 21, a high-pressure water inlet 22, a lower aeration box 23, a bolt 24, an upper propeller 25, a lower propeller 26, an upper bearing 27, a lower bearing 28, a bracket 29, an aeration device outlet 30, and a main shaft 31. The upper aeration box 18 and the lower aeration box 23 are aligned and sealed together to form a sealed cavity. Inside this sealed cavity are the upper cylindrical orifice plate 17, the air injection pipe 13, the lower cylindrical orifice plate 20, the large cavitation nozzle 16, and the small cavitation nozzle 14.

[0038] The bottom of the lower aeration box 23 has an aeration device outlet 30. The top of the upper aeration box 18 has an air inlet 21, which is connected to the air source distribution box 3 via a pipe. High-pressure air compressed by the air compressor 1 enters the upper aeration box 18 from the top air inlet 21. Directly below the air inlet 21 is an upper cylindrical perforated plate 21, whose outer wall matches the inner wall of the upper aeration box 18 and is fixedly connected to it. A space is left between the upper cylindrical perforated plate 21 and the air inlet 21 to store air.

[0039] Directly below the upper cylindrical perforated plate 17 is the lower cylindrical perforated plate 20, which is located at the connection between the upper aeration box 18 and the lower aeration box 23. The volume of the space between the upper cylindrical perforated plate 17 and the lower cylindrical perforated plate 20 is approximately two-thirds of the volume of the upper aeration box 18. A high-pressure water inlet 22 is provided on the side wall of the upper aeration box 18 between the cylindrical perforated plate 17 and the lower cylindrical perforated plate 20. The high-pressure water pumped by the high-pressure water pump 7 can directly enter the space between the upper cylindrical perforated plate 17 and the lower cylindrical perforated plate 20 through the high-pressure water inlet 22.

[0040] See Figure 3The upper cylindrical perforated plate 17 has several rings of air injection holes 19 and air injection pipes 13 arranged in annular array. Taking the central axis of the upper cylindrical perforated plate 17 as the innermost point, the air injection holes 19 and air injection pipes 13 are arranged alternately in the inner and outer directions. The air injection holes 19 penetrate the upper cylindrical perforated plate 17 and directly send the air from the upper part of the air injection holes 19 downward into the space between the cylindrical perforated plate 17 and the lower cylindrical perforated plate 20 for preliminary mixing with high-pressure water. The air injection pipes 13 extend downward through the lower cylindrical perforated plate 20 and into the top of the lower aeration box 23. An air outlet 39 is opened at the bottom side wall of the air injection pipe 13, and the bottom of the air injection pipe 13 is sealed. The air outlet 39 is inside the lower aeration box 23, and the air injection pipes 13 send the air directly into the lower aeration box 23, passing over the upper cylindrical perforated plate 17 and the lower cylindrical perforated plate 20. The cross-section of the gas injection pipe 13 decreases in a stepwise manner from top to bottom. This utilizes Bernoulli's principle, which aims to increase the airflow velocity as the pipe cross-section decreases. The increased airflow velocity lowers the temperature of the pipe wall, thereby reducing the temperature of the surrounding water through heat transfer, ultimately increasing the gas content.

[0041] See Figure 4 To prevent backflow of liquid and gas, an anti-backflow device is installed in the injection pipe 13 near the vent 39. This anti-backflow device consists of a small steel ball 36, a spring 38, and a baffle 37. The small steel ball 36 is a steel ball with a radius smaller than the minimum radius of the injection pipe 13, allowing it to move up and down within the injection pipe 13 without affecting the downward flow of air. The optimal position for the small steel ball 36 is in the last section of the injection pipe with the smallest radius at the bottom. A baffle 37 is installed at the top of this section, with its lower end fixedly connected to the inner wall of the injection pipe 13. The baffle 37 is a through-type conical plate with a smaller upper hole and a larger lower hole; the upper hole diameter is smaller than the diameter of the small steel ball 36, effectively holding it in place. A spring 38 is installed at the bottom of the injection pipe 13, with the small steel ball 36 fixedly connected to its top and its bottom supported by the bottom wall of the injection pipe 13. In this way, when the airflow flows down from the top of the air injection pipe 13, it passes through the baffle 37 and downwards. The airflow pressure compresses the spring 38, pushing the small steel ball 36 downwards and disengaging it from the baffle 37, allowing the airflow to exit through the air outlet 39 and flow into the lower aeration box 23. However, when there is too much water in the lower aeration box 23, it can cause water to flow back into the air injection pipe 13. In this case, the small steel ball 36 needs to be pushed upwards by the water flow and eventually blocked by the baffle 37, thus preventing the water from flowing back upwards and effectively preventing backflow. To achieve the ideal anti-backflow effect, the spring 38 needs to have an appropriate stiffness coefficient, so that when it is compressed under the upper air pressure, the bottom end of the small steel ball 36 is always above the center of the air outlet 39. Otherwise, the water flow may pass over the small steel ball 36, greatly weakening the anti-backflow effect.

[0042] Similarly, a similar anti-backflow device is also installed at the bottom of the air injection hole 19. The radius of the small steel ball 36 in the anti-backflow device is slightly smaller than the radius of the bottom of the air injection hole 19, so as to prevent water from flowing back from the air injection hole 19 into the air storage space of the upper aeration box 18 when there is too much water flow between the upper cylindrical orifice plate 17 and the lower cylindrical orifice plate 20.

[0043] See Figure 5 Similar to the upper cylindrical orifice plate 17, the lower cylindrical orifice plate 20 has several rings of large and small holes of different sizes arranged in a circular array. Large cavitation nozzles 16 are installed in the large holes, and small cavitation nozzles 14 are installed in the small holes. The large and small cavitation nozzles 16 and 14 are arranged alternately in the inward and outward directions. The large and small cavitation nozzles 16 and 14 have different inner diameters. A threaded hole 15 for an injection pipe is provided between the large and small cavitation nozzles 16 and 14, the purpose of which is to fix the injection pipe 13 passing through the lower cylindrical orifice plate 20. Starting from the central axis of the lower cylindrical orifice plate 20, the small cavitation nozzles 14, the threaded hole 15 for the injection pipe, and the large cavitation nozzles 16 are arranged alternately along the radial direction and extend further along the radial direction.

[0044] After the high-pressure water and air are initially mixed between the upper cylindrical orifice plate 17 and the lower cylindrical orifice plate 20, they enter the lower aeration box 23 through the large cavitation nozzle 16 and the small cavitation nozzle 14 on the lower cylindrical orifice plate 20. Due to the different inner diameters of the large cavitation nozzle 16 and the small cavitation nozzle 14, the high-speed jet flow velocity is different, which in turn causes the jet distance to be different, thus making the mixing of air and water more uniform.

[0045] See Figure 6 and Figure 7The large cavitation nozzle 16 and the small cavitation nozzle 14 shown have the same vertical height, L. The inlets of both nozzles are sequentially connected to a contraction tube, a throat, and a diffuser. The inlet inner diameter of the large cavitation nozzle 16 is d11, the maximum inner diameter of its contraction tube is d12, the inner diameter of its throat is d13, the height of its throat is h1, and the maximum inner diameter of its diffuser is d14. The inlet inner diameter of the small cavitation nozzle 14 is d21, the maximum inner diameter of its contraction tube is d22, the inner diameter of its throat is d23, the height of its throat is h2, and the maximum inner diameter of its diffuser is d24. Specifically, the inlet inner diameter d11 of the large cavitation nozzle 16 is 2-3 times that of the inlet inner diameter d21 of the small cavitation nozzle 14; the maximum inner diameter d12 of the contraction tube of the large cavitation nozzle 16 is also 2-3 times that of the maximum inner diameter d21 of the contraction tube of the small cavitation nozzle 14; and the inner diameter d13 of the throat of the large cavitation nozzle 16 is 1.5 times that of the inner diameter 23 of the throat of the small cavitation nozzle 14. The difference in the inner diameter of the throats of the large and small cavitation nozzles should not be too large, so as to ensure that the flow rate difference between the two cavitation nozzles is not too large, thereby making the water flow distribution to the lower aeration box 23 more uniform. In addition, the throat length h2 of the small cavitation nozzle 14 is slightly longer than the throat length h1 of the large cavitation nozzle 16, so as to make the faster water flow velocity within it more uniform.

[0046] The large cavitation nozzle 16 and the small cavitation nozzle 14 are threaded around their circumferences and are fixed to the lower cylindrical orifice plate 20 by the threads for easy installation. In addition, the diffuser tube is the outlet of the large cavitation nozzle 16 and the small cavitation nozzle 14. It is conical and designed to prevent the rapid explosion of the high-speed jet when it flows out of the nozzle, which would cause a significant reduction in the number of cavitation bubbles.

[0047] See Figure 2 The lower cylindrical perforated plate 20 is located at the boundary between the upper aeration box 18 and the lower aeration box 23, which are fixedly connected by bolts 24. The lower aeration box 23 is a cone shape that is larger at the top and smaller at the bottom.

[0048] A propeller is installed in the upper part of the lower aeration box 23. The propeller is connected to a vertical main shaft 31 via bearings. The main shaft 31 is located on the central axis of the upper aeration box 18 and the lower aeration box 23. The bottom end of the main shaft 31 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the lower aeration box 23 via a bracket 29. Preferably, the present invention uses two propellers, an upper propeller 25 and a lower propeller 26. The upper propeller 25 and the lower propeller 26 are connected to the vertical main shaft 31 via corresponding upper bearings 27 and lower bearings 28, respectively. Each propeller has three blades, with adjacent blades at 120 degrees. When viewed from above, the six blades are arranged in pairs at 60 degrees. The length of the propeller blades is approximately two-thirds of the radius of the lower cylindrical perforated plate 20. When the high-speed jet just flows into the lower aeration box 23, the upper propeller 25 and the lower propeller 26 will rotate rapidly under the impact of the high-speed jet. The propeller blades rotating at high speed will generate a large number of cavitation bubbles on their backs, further increasing the number of cavitation bubbles. At the same time, the high-speed rotation will generate a low-pressure environment, protecting the cavitation bubbles from breaking, and enhancing the mixing of water and air through high-speed stirring.

[0049] The main shaft 31 is located in the middle section of the lower aeration box 23. Its upper part is connected to the upper propeller 25 and the lower propeller 26 via the upper bearing 27 and the lower bearing 28, and its bottom end is fixedly connected to the bracket 29. For example... Figure 8 As shown, the support 29 has a symmetrical structure modeled after a twin-wing design, consisting of three twin-wing-shaped support arms 42. When water flows down through the support arms 42, the flow velocity increases due to the wing principle, generating negative pressure and reducing bubble breakage. The cross-section of the support arms 42 is symmetrical, hence the term "twin-wing structure." The top of the support 29 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the main shaft 31, and the lower part of the support 29 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the lower aeration box 23 via the support arms 42. The upper aeration box 18 and the lower aeration box 23 are connected by bolts 24. The lower aeration box 23 is conical in shape, its function being to allow the high-speed jet to quickly converge at the outlet 30 of the aeration device at the bottom. Since cavitation bubbles may break during movement, the conical structure increases the cavitation bubble movement speed, thereby reducing cavitation bubble loss.

[0050] The high-speed jet flowing from the aeration device 4 passes through the submerged cavitation nozzle 11, completing the final stage of cavitation. The water then flows back to the water tank 10, achieving water recycling. The nozzle of the submerged cavitation nozzle 11 is submerged above the water surface, allowing it to immediately shear the surrounding static water as the high-pressure jet exits. In contrast, ordinary non-submerged cavitation nozzles first impact the water surface in the tank when the high-speed jet exits the nozzle. This impact reduces the water velocity and forces the water to burst, causing cavitation bubbles to explode. Therefore, the submerged cavitation nozzle 11 has a clear advantage. Finally, materials such as metal blocks placed at the bottom of the water tank 10 are shaped or cut under the cavitation effect.

[0051] When the aeration-enhanced cavitation jet device of this invention is working, the main control system 41 controls the air compressor 1 and the high-pressure water pump 7 to work simultaneously. Under the action of the air compressor 1, air is drawn in and compressed into high-pressure air, which is then transmitted to the high-pressure air storage system 2 and stored there. The stored high-pressure air enters the air source distribution box 3, where the purest air source is filtered out and finally enters the aeration device 4 through the pipeline. Under the action of the high-pressure water pump 7, water in the water tank 10 flows out from one side of the water tank 10 through the return pipe 9 and passes through the filter 8 for primary filtration. The filter 8 can remove most of the impurities in the water. The filtered water then flows into the high-pressure water pump 7 through the pipeline. Under the action of the high-pressure water pump 7, the high-pressure water flows into the pressure regulating valve 6 through the pipeline, and the water pressure is adjusted to a suitable range. The high-pressure water with the adjusted pressure flows quickly through the eddy flow meter 5 and finally enters the aeration device 4 through the high-pressure water inlet 26. The eddy flow meter 5 records the flow rate of the high-pressure water in real time.

[0052] See Figure 8 The aeration device 4 is the core device, and its main function is to increase the air content in the water through aeration, thereby increasing the number of cavitation bubbles and enhancing the cavitation effect. In the aeration device 4, high-pressure water and high-pressure air will meet and mix. After the air enters from the air inlet 21, it first gathers briefly in the upper space at the top of the upper aeration box 18, and then enters the air injection holes 19 and air injection pipes 13 located on the upper cylindrical perforated plate 17. On the upper cylindrical perforated plate 17, the air injection holes 19 and air injection pipes 13 are arranged in a ring array and are distributed at intervals. The air enters the space between the upper cylindrical perforated plate 17 and the lower cylindrical perforated plate 20, that is, the lower space of the upper aeration box 18, from the air injection holes 19. At the same time, high-pressure water rushes into the space between the upper cylindrical perforated plate 17 and the lower cylindrical perforated plate 20 from the high-pressure water inlet 22 on the side of the upper aeration box 18, and mixes initially with the air passing through the air injection holes 19 in this space. The bottom of the air injection pipe 13 is connected to the threaded hole 15 on the lower cylindrical orifice plate 20, directly sending air into the lower aeration box 23. The cross-sectional area of ​​the air injection pipe 13 decreases in a stepped manner. According to Bernoulli's principle, when air flows from a larger orifice to a smaller orifice, the flow velocity increases, and the temperature decreases as the orifice size decreases. As a result, the air velocity in the air injection pipe 13 continuously increases, which also lowers the temperature of the pipe wall. The pipe wall, in turn, lowers the temperature of the surrounding space through heat conduction. At the same time, the pipe wall of the air injection pipe 13 lowers the temperature of the water around it. The lower the temperature, the higher the air content in the water. Combined with the initial mixing effect of high-pressure water and air, the first stage of cavitation enhancement is completed.

[0053] After the high-pressure water and air complete the first stage of cavitation enhancement between the upper cylindrical orifice plate 17 and the lower cylindrical orifice plate 20, they enter the lower aeration box 23 through the large cavitation nozzle 16 and the small cavitation nozzle 14 on the lower cylindrical orifice plate 20. When the high-pressure water flows through the two cavitation nozzles 16 and 14, the velocity increases sharply at the nozzle throat, forming a high-speed jet. At this time, the water pressure is lower than the saturated vapor pressure, which generates a large number of cavitation bubbles. This is the second stage of cavitation enhancement. The cavitation bubbles produced by the nozzles after the first and second stages of cavitation enhancement are the first-stage cavitation bubbles 32. At the same time, the different throat diameters of the large and small cavitation nozzles result in different high-speed jet velocities, which in turn affect the distance the high-speed jets travel. This allows the high-pressure water to be distributed more evenly in the lower aeration box 23. When the high-pressure water, initially mixed with air, enters the lower aeration box 23 through the large and small cavitation nozzles 16 and 14, other air from the top of the aeration box also passes directly through the two cylindrical perforated plates via the air injection pipe 13 to reach this point, further mixing with the initially mixed high-pressure water. The high-speed jet formed after the initially mixed high-pressure water passes through the cavitation nozzles has a high velocity and strong impact force. Under this strong impact force, the upper propeller 25 and lower propeller 26 located above the lower aeration box 23 begin to rotate at high speed. The rotation of the upper and lower propellers 25 and 26 further enhances the mixing of water and air. In addition, the high-speed rotation of the propellers causes a rapid decrease in pressure at the blade backs, thereby generating second-stage cavitation bubbles 33. These bubbles 33 are ejected within a short time after generation, mixing with the first-stage cavitation bubbles 32, further increasing the number of bubbles in the high-speed jet, thus completing the third-stage cavitation enhancement effect. Simultaneously, the high-speed rotating propeller creates a low-pressure environment in the surrounding space. In this low-pressure environment, the cavitation bubbles, due to the relatively small difference between their internal pressure and the surrounding low-pressure environment, are less likely to expand and burst under the pressure difference. This allows the cavitation bubbles to move safely to the bottom of the lower aeration box 23 under the influence of the high-speed jet. Furthermore, due to the conical structure of the lower aeration box 23, the high-speed jet carries the primary and secondary mixed cavitation bubbles at an even higher speed to the bottom of the device. During this rapid movement, the high-speed jet also passes through the support 29 located at the bottom of the device. Due to the double-wing structure of the support 29, the water flow velocity increases and the pressure decreases when passing through the branch of the support, creating negative pressure and reducing cavitation bubble bursts. At the same time, the water flowing close to the support experiences a rapid decrease in pressure due to its wing-like structure, leading to cavitation and the generation of the third-stage cavitation bubble 34. Then, in the low-pressure environment of the support, the high-speed jet quickly passes through and flows towards the outlet 30, thus completing the fourth stage of cavitation enhancement. Finally, the high-speed jet, enhanced by four stages of cavitation, reaches the bottom of the lower aeration box 23 and carries the mixed cavitation 35 of the first, second and third stages through the outlet 30 out of the aeration device 4.

[0054] The high-speed jet exiting the aeration device 4 flows through a pipeline into the submerged cavitation nozzle 11 located in the water tank 10 for final cavitation. Unlike ordinary cavitation nozzles, the submerged cavitation water jet primarily utilizes shear cavitation. When the high-speed jet passes through the submerged cavitation nozzle 11, its speed is highest at the throat, forming cavitation bubbles. Due to the inverted conical structure of the cavitation nozzle outlet, the high-speed jet maintains a high-pressure water jet state when exiting the nozzle, preventing it from bursting. The high-speed jet carrying cavitation bubbles undergoes intense shearing with the static liquid in the water tank 10, entraining surrounding water. A low-pressure vortex structure is formed in the shearing section of the high-speed jet, and a large number of cavitation bubbles are bred in the low-pressure vortex region. These bubbles accumulate to form a cavitation cloud, which moves downstream under the influence of the high-speed jet. During this movement, as the high-speed jet speed decreases, the internal pressure of the cavitation bubbles increases, causing them to expand continuously and eventually collapse, generating high pressure and high temperature. At this point, the components located at the bottom of the water tank 10 can utilize the energy from the cavitation bubble collapse to complete their work.

[0055] Both high-pressure water and high-pressure air undergo adjustment and screening before entering aeration device 4 to ensure appropriate pressure and flow rates. Both are also filtered to prevent impurities from affecting cavitation. These processes effectively ensure cavitation quality and allow the enhancement effect to proceed smoothly. Within aeration device 4, water and air are mixed twice, completing the first stage of enhancement. The second stage of enhancement is then achieved through cavitation nozzles of varying sizes. The third and fourth stages of enhancement are completed in the lower aeration box 23 via a propeller and a twin-wing structure support. In addition to the four stages of enhancement, the device also features multi-stage cavitation protection measures. The low-pressure environment created by the propeller rotation and the support effectively protects cavitation bubbles, and the conical structure of the lower aeration box 23 reduces cavitation loss during movement. These protective measures ensure the effectiveness of the enhancement effect and give the device strong stability. Besides being highly efficient and stable, the internal operation of the device requires no manual intervention, reducing costs while simultaneously achieving multi-stage cavitation, making it environmentally friendly and controllable.

Claims

1. An aeration-enhanced cavitation jet device, wherein water in a water tank enters an aeration device (4) after being pumped by a high-pressure water pump, and airflow enters the aeration device (4) after being pumped by an air compressor, wherein an outlet at the bottom of the aeration device (4) is connected to the inlet of a submerged cavitation nozzle (11), the submerged cavitation nozzle (11) being submerged above the water surface of the water tank, characterized in that: The aeration device (4) includes a sealed cavity formed by an upper aeration box (18) and a lower aeration box (23) that are fitted together and sealed. The sealed cavity is provided with an upper cylindrical perforated plate (17), an air injection pipe (13), a lower cylindrical perforated plate (20), a large cavitation nozzle (16), and a small cavitation nozzle (14). An air inlet (21) is opened at the top of the upper aeration box (18), and the upper cylindrical perforated plate (17) is directly below the air inlet (21). The outer wall of the upper cylindrical perforated plate (17) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the upper aeration box (18). The lower cylindrical perforated plate (20) is directly below the upper cylindrical perforated plate (17). A high-pressure water inlet (22) is opened on the side wall of the upper aeration box (18) between the upper cylindrical perforated plate (17) and the lower cylindrical perforated plate (20). The upper cylindrical perforated plate (17) is provided with several rings of air injection holes (19) and air injection pipes (13) arranged in annular array. The hole (19) penetrates the upper cylindrical perforated plate (17), and the air injection pipe (13) passes downward through the lower cylindrical perforated plate (20) and extends to the top of the lower aeration box (23). An air outlet (39) is opened at the bottom side wall of the air injection pipe (13) within the lower aeration box (23). The bottom of the air injection pipe (13) is closed. The lower cylindrical perforated plate (20) is provided with several rings of large cavitation nozzles (16) and small cavitation nozzles (14) arranged in a circular array. The upper part of the lower aeration box (23) is equipped with a propeller, which is connected to the vertical main shaft (31) by a bearing. The main shaft (31) is located on the central axis of the upper aeration box (18) and the lower aeration box (23). The bottom end of the main shaft (31) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the lower aeration box (23) by a bracket (29). The bracket (29) is composed of three double airfoil-shaped support arms (42). The lower aeration box (23) is a cone with a larger upper part and a smaller lower part.

2. The aeration-enhanced cavitation jet device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The propeller has an upper propeller (25) and a lower propeller (26), which are connected to the main shaft (31) by corresponding upper bearings (27) and lower bearings (28). Each propeller has three propeller blades, with two adjacent propeller blades at 120 degrees and the six blades arranged in pairs at 60 degrees.

3. The aeration-enhanced cavitation jet device according to claim 1, characterized in that: An anti-backflow device is provided in the air injection pipe (13) above the air outlet (39). The anti-backflow device consists of a small steel ball (36), a spring (38) and a baffle (37). The small steel ball (36) can move up and down in the air injection pipe (13). The baffle (37) is a through cone plate with a smaller upper hole and a larger lower hole. The lower end of the baffle (37) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the air injection pipe (13). The diameter of the upper hole is smaller than the diameter of the small steel ball (36). The bottom of the air injection pipe (13) is equipped with a spring (38). The top of the spring (38) is fixedly connected to the small steel ball (36). When the airflow compresses the spring (38), the bottom end of the small steel ball (36) is always located above the center of the air outlet (39).

4. The aeration-enhanced cavitation jet device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-section of the gas injection tube (13) decreases in a stepwise manner from top to bottom.

5. The aeration-enhanced cavitation jet device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the air injection hole (19) is equipped with an anti-backflow device.

6. The aeration-enhanced cavitation jet device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The large cavitation nozzle (16) and the small cavitation nozzle (14) are arranged alternately in the inner and outer directions. They are at the same height, and their inlets are connected to the contraction tube, throat tube and diffuser tube in sequence.

7. The aeration-enhanced cavitation jet device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The inlet inner diameter of the large cavitation nozzle (16) is 2-3 times that of the small cavitation nozzle (14). The maximum inner diameter of the constriction tube of the large cavitation nozzle (16) is 2-3 times that of the small cavitation nozzle (14). The inner diameter of the throat of the large cavitation nozzle (16) is 1.5 times that of the small cavitation nozzle (14). The throat length of the small cavitation nozzle (14) is longer than that of the large cavitation nozzle (16).

8. The aeration-enhanced cavitation jet device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower cylindrical perforated plate (20) is located at the boundary between the upper aeration box (18) and the lower aeration box (23).

9. The aeration-enhanced cavitation jet device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A space is left between the upper cylindrical perforated plate (17) and the air inlet (21) to store air.

10. A method of operating the aeration-enhanced cavitation jet device according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: Step A): After air enters through the air inlet (21), it enters the space between the upper cylindrical perforated plate (17) and the lower cylindrical perforated plate (20) through the air injection hole (19). At the same time, high-pressure water rushes into the space between the upper cylindrical perforated plate (17) and the lower cylindrical perforated plate (20) through the high-pressure water inlet (22) and mixes with the air initially. The air injection pipe (13) sends the air into the lower aeration box (23). The high-pressure water and air complete the first stage of cavitation enhancement between the upper cylindrical perforated plate (17) and the lower cylindrical perforated plate (20). Step B): The initially mixed high-pressure water forms a high-speed jet and cavitation bubbles through the large cavitation nozzle (16) and the small cavitation nozzle (14), completing the second-stage cavitation enhancement effect, so that the high-pressure water is evenly distributed in the lower aeration box (23); Step C): The air through the air injection pipe (13) passes through the upper cylindrical orifice plate (17) and the lower cylindrical orifice plate (20) and is further mixed with the high-pressure water. Under the action of the high-speed jet formed by the large cavitation nozzle (16) and the small cavitation nozzle (14), the propeller rotates, making the water and air mix more fully and completing the third stage of cavitation enhancement. Step D): The high-speed jet passes through the support arm (42), the flow rate increases, the pressure decreases, negative pressure is generated, and it flows to the outlet at the bottom of the aeration device (4) to complete the fourth stage of cavitation enhancement.

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