Biomass slow-release fertilizer based on forestry waste and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a biomass slow-release fertilizer based on forestry waste and a preparation method thereof.The preparation method comprises the steps of raw material preparation, slow-release agent preparation and material matching, waste straw raw materials are collected and recycled, organic fertilizer can be obtained, the forestry waste is turned into wealth, urea formaldehyde resin, sodium silicate, a nitrification inhibitor and carbon powder are selected as raw materials, and the raw materials are recycled. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing and dissolving raw materials according to a ratio of 1: 0.3: 0.05: 2 to finally form a semi-permeable or insoluble film as a slow-release agent, carrying out a fluidized bed coating process on a fertilizer raw product and the slow-release agent in a fluidized bed, adding a solvent into a coating material to liquefy the coating material, uniformly spraying the liquefied coating material to the surface layer of fertilizer particles, and blowing away the solvent by using hot air to prepare the slow-release fertilizer. The coating agent is firmly coated on the surface of the granular fertilizer, so that the biomass slow-release fertilizer is prepared, the loss of fertilizer nutrients in soil can be reduced, and the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of fertilizer and preparation thereof, in particular to a biomass slow-release fertilizer based on forestry waste and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Biomass energy, with forestry waste as the main force, plays an important role in renewable energy. The development of biomass energy, especially forestry biomass energy, is an important way to alleviate the current environmental crisis.

[0003] After fertilization, the ratio of fertilizer absorbed and lost through various channels is about 1:1, and the loss rate reaches 50%. The poor slow-release effect of fertilizer also leads to poor fertilizer utilization rate. In addition, excessive application of chemical fertilizers and nitrification substances in chemical fertilizers have caused negative impacts on crops, soil, water bodies and the atmosphere. Straw accounts for a large proportion of forestry waste and is a renewable energy source. If forestry waste can be "turned into treasure", huge waste of resources can be avoided. Summary of the invention

[0004] Therefore, in order to solve the above-mentioned shortcomings, the present invention provides a biomass slow-release fertilizer based on forestry waste and a preparation method thereof.

[0005] The present invention is realized by constructing a biomass slow-release fertilizer based on forestry waste and a preparation method thereof, the method comprising raw material preparation, slow-release agent preparation and material matching.

[0006] Preferably, the raw material preparation includes collecting raw materials, cutting and mixing, fermenting, composting and preparing materials. The collecting raw materials refers to collecting various types of crop straws, such as corn stalks, wheat, rice straw, peanut vines, bean straws, rape straws, etc. These forestry residues can be collected and reused; the cutting and mixing is to use a crusher to knead and cut the collected long straws into 3-5 cm segments, and small segments are more conducive to better decomposition during the fermentation process. At the same time, auxiliary materials can be added, such as fast-acting carbon sources such as feces, cakes, rice bran, etc. as auxiliary materials, which can adjust the carbon-ammonia ratio and also help microbial reproduction and decomposition; the fermentation is to put the mixed straws and auxiliary materials in a suitable position and pile them into a pile body, which is not less than 10m-15m wide, 5m-8m high and unlimited in length, and spray the auxiliary materials on the straw pile body after dissolving them in water, and control the initial moisture content at 60%-65%. During this period, it is necessary to maintain a certain humidity and temperature to avoid affecting the reproduction and decomposition effect of microorganisms, and stir them regularly so that the microorganisms can better decompose. Solution; The decomposition is divided into three stages: a-heating stage: the temperature of the pile body rises to 65°C for the first time, the pile is turned once, and the pile body is replenished with water to ensure that the moisture content of the material is 50% to 60%, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio is between 30 and 40, and it is maintained for 3d to 5d to ensure smooth fermentation; b-high temperature stage: the temperature of the pile body is maintained at above 70℃ to 75℃, and it is maintained for 10d to 15d, the pile is turned once every 3d, the pile body is replenished with water, and combined with the replenishment of water, 1mol / L to 2mol / L acid concentration of water or acid is sprayed Amino acid solution (5%, V / W) is added, and the pH is controlled at 6.5-7.5; c-cooling stage: from high temperature to below 50°C, which takes about 8d-10d. During this process, attention should be paid to factors such as temperature control, humidity control, carbon-ammonia ratio, pH value, etc., and the pile should be turned over regularly to ensure complete decomposition; the finished material is to screen the decomposed material using a screening machine, and select the decomposed material with a pore size of ≤5mm as the finished organic fertilizer product, so that the particles can be better coated in the subsequent process.

[0007] Preferably, the slow-release agent is made by making coated fertilizer, and the making of coated fertilizer includes selecting film-forming material, making film-forming material and coating (slow-release agent). The film-forming material can be selected from plastics, resins, paraffin, polyethylene, elemental sulfur, asphalt, silicate cement, ammonium magnesium phosphate, synthetic polymer materials, etc. The film-forming material can be made by selecting urea formaldehyde resin, sodium silicate, nitrification inhibitor, and carbon powder as raw materials, which are mixed and dissolved in a ratio of 1:0.3:0.05:2 to finally form a slow-release agent, which is also a semipermeable or insoluble membrane.

[0008] Preferably, the material combination is a fluidized bed coating process in which the fertilizer raw material and the coating agent are subjected to a fluidized bed coating process to produce a coated slow-release fertilizer. The fluidized bed coating process mainly liquefies the coating material through a solvent and then evenly sprays it onto the surface of the fertilizer particles. The heated hot air blows away the solvent, and the film material solidifies and adheres to the surface of the fertilizer particles. This process is repeated many times to produce a polymer coated slow-release fertilizer.

[0009] The present invention has the following advantages: The present invention provides a biomass slow-release fertilizer based on forestry waste and a preparation method thereof through improvement, which has the following advantages:

[0010] The biomass slow-release fertilizer based on forestry waste and the preparation method thereof of the present invention collect waste straw raw materials, knead and cut such materials into small segments of 3-5 cm by a pulverizer, and at the same time, add quick-acting carbon sources such as feces, cake meal, rice bran, etc. as auxiliary materials, which can adjust the carbon-ammonia ratio and also help microbial reproduction, which is beneficial for easier decomposition of straw materials during the fermentation process. Then, the straw with the auxiliary materials added is transported to a suitable location and piled into a state with a width of not less than 10m-15m, a height of 5m-8m and an unlimited length. After the auxiliary materials are dissolved in water, they are sprayed on the straw pile body, and the initial water content is controlled at 60%-65%. During this period, a certain humidity and temperature need to be maintained, and the straw is stirred regularly so that the microorganisms can decompose it better.

[0011] The biomass slow-release fertilizer based on forestry waste and the preparation method thereof of the present invention are as follows: by composting straw, the temperature of the pile is first raised to 65°C for the first time, and then the pile is turned over once, and water is added to the pile to ensure that the water content of the material is 50% to 60%, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio is between 30 and 40, and the temperature is maintained for 3d to 5d, and the temperature of the pile is continuously raised to above 70°C to 75°C, and the temperature is maintained for 10d to 15d, and the pile is turned over once every 3d, and water is added to the pile, and in combination with the water addition, a water solution with an acid concentration of 1mol / L to 2mol / L or an acid-hydrolyzed amino acid solution (5%, V / W) is sprayed, and the pH is controlled at 6.5 to 7.5; finally, the pile is cooled from the high temperature to below 50°C, and the time is about 8d to 10d, and then the decomposed material is screened by a screening machine, and the decomposed material with an aperture of ≤5mm is selected as the finished organic fertilizer product, so that its particles can be better coated in the subsequent process.

[0012] The biomass slow-release fertilizer based on forestry waste and the preparation method thereof of the present invention are prepared by preparing a slow-release agent, selecting urea formaldehyde resin, sodium silicate, nitrification inhibitor and carbon powder as raw materials, mixing and dissolving them in a ratio of 1:0.3:0.05:2, and finally forming a slow-release agent, that is, a semi-permeable or insoluble membrane, which reacts with fertilizer in the later stage to form a slow-release fertilizer, which can help nutrients in the fertilizer to be slowly released through the membrane and prolong the fertilizer effect.

[0013] The biomass slow-release fertilizer based on forestry waste and the preparation method thereof of the present invention finally carry out the production of the slow-release fertilizer, the fertilizer raw material and the coating agent are subjected to a fluidized bed coating process in a fluidized bed, a solvent is added to the coating material to liquefy it, and then the liquefied coating material is evenly sprayed onto the surface of the fertilizer particles, the solvent is blown away by hot air, and the film material is solidified and adhered to the surface of the fertilizer particles, and this process is repeated many times to allow the coating agent to be firmly wrapped on the surface of the granular fertilizer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the production steps of the raw materials of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 2 It is a flow chart of the production steps of the raw materials of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 3 It is a flow chart of the manufacturing steps of the sustained-release agent of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 4 It is a flow chart of the production steps of the material combination of the present invention.

[0018] Among them: 1. Made of raw materials, 2. Made of sustained-release agent, 3. Material preparation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following will be combined with the attached Figure 1-4 The present invention is described in detail, and the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] See also Figure 1 The biomass slow-release fertilizer based on forestry waste and the preparation method thereof of the present invention include 1. raw material preparation, 2. slow-release agent preparation and 3. material matching.

[0021] See also Figure 2The invention discloses a biomass slow-release fertilizer based on forestry waste and a preparation method thereof. The raw material preparation includes collecting raw materials, cutting and mixing, fermenting, composting and preparing raw materials. The collected raw materials refer to collecting various crop straws, such as corn stalks, wheat, rice straw, peanut seedlings, bean straws, rape straws, etc. These forestry residues can be collected and reused. The cutting and mixing are to knead and cut the collected long straws with a crusher into 3-5 cm segments. Small segments are more conducive to better decomposition during the fermentation process. At the same time, auxiliary materials can be added. The quick-acting carbon sources such as feces, cake, rice bran, etc. can be used as auxiliary materials to adjust the carbon-ammonia ratio, and are also helpful for microbial reproduction and decomposition; the fermentation is to put the mixed straw and auxiliary materials in a suitable position and pile them into a pile body, which is not less than 10m-15m wide, 5m-8m high and has an unlimited length, and spray the auxiliary materials on the straw pile body after dissolving them in water, and control the initial water content at 60%-65%. During this period, a certain humidity and temperature need to be maintained to avoid affecting the reproduction and decomposition effect of microorganisms, and turn them over regularly. Stirring to allow microorganisms to decompose better; the decomposition is divided into three stages: a-heating stage: the temperature of the pile rises to 65°C for the first time, the pile is turned over once, and the pile is replenished with water to ensure that the moisture content of the material is 50% to 60%, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio is between 30 and 40, and it is maintained for 3d to 5d to ensure smooth fermentation; b-high temperature stage: the temperature of the pile is maintained above 70℃ to 75℃, and it is maintained for 10d to 15d, the pile is turned over every 3d, the pile is replenished with water, and combined with the water replenishment, 1mol / L to 2mol / L acid concentrate is sprayed degree of water or acid hydrolyzed amino acid solution (5%, V / W), and the pH is controlled at 6.5-7.5; c-cooling stage: from high temperature to below 50°C, the duration is about 8d-10d. During this process, it is necessary to pay attention to factors such as temperature control, humidity control, carbon-ammonia ratio, pH value, etc., and regularly turn the pile to ensure complete decomposition; the finished material is to screen the decomposed material with a screening machine, and select the decomposed material with a pore size of ≤5mm as the finished organic fertilizer, so that the particles can be better coated in the subsequent process.

[0022] See also Figure 3 The present invention provides a biomass slow-release fertilizer based on forestry waste and a preparation method thereof. The slow-release agent is made into coated fertilizer, and the coated fertilizer making includes the selection of film-forming substances, the making of film-forming substances and the making of coating (slow-release agent). The film-forming substances can be selected from plastics, resins, paraffin, polyethylene, elemental sulfur, asphalt, silicate cement, ammonium magnesium phosphate, synthetic polymer materials, etc. The film-forming substances can be made with urea formaldehyde resin, sodium silicate, nitrification inhibitor, and carbon powder as raw materials, which are mixed and dissolved in a ratio of 1:0.3:0.05:2 to finally form a slow-release agent, which is also a semipermeable or insoluble membrane.

[0023] See also Figure 4The present invention relates to a biomass slow-release fertilizer based on forestry waste and a preparation method thereof. The material combination is that the fertilizer raw material and the coating agent are subjected to a fluidized bed coating process in a fluidized bed to produce a coated slow-release fertilizer. The fluidized bed coating process mainly liquefies the coating material through a solvent and then evenly sprays it onto the surface of the fertilizer particles. The heated hot air blows away the solvent, and the film material solidifies and adheres to the surface of the fertilizer particles. This process is repeated many times to produce a polymer coated slow-release fertilizer.

[0024] The present invention provides a biomass slow-release fertilizer based on forestry waste and a preparation method thereof through improvement, and the method is as follows;

[0025] First, by collecting and reusing forestry residues, such as corn stalks, wheat, rice straw, peanut vines, bean stalks, rape stalks and other crop straws, these materials are cut into small pieces of 3-5 cm with a crusher. At the same time, quick-acting carbon sources such as feces, cake meal, rice bran, etc. can be added as auxiliary materials, which can adjust the carbon-ammonia ratio and help microbial reproduction, making it easier for straw materials to decompose during the fermentation process. The straw with added auxiliary materials is then transported to a suitable location and piled into a state of not less than 10m-15m in width, 5m-8m in height and unlimited in length. The auxiliary materials are dissolved in water and sprayed on the straw pile, and the initial moisture content is controlled at 60%-65%. During this period, a certain humidity and temperature need to be maintained, and the straw is stirred regularly to allow better decomposition by microorganisms.

[0026] Second, the straw is matured. This process is divided into three stages. The first stage is the heating stage. The temperature of the pile is raised to 65°C for the first time, and then the pile is turned over once and water is added to the pile to ensure that the moisture content of the material is 50% to 60%, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio is between 30 and 40. It is maintained for 3d to 5d to ensure smooth fermentation. The second stage is the high temperature stage. The temperature of the pile is maintained above 70℃ to 75℃ and maintained for 10d to 15d. The pile is turned over every 3d to add water to the pile. Combined with water addition, 1mol / L to 2mol / L of nitrogen is sprayed. L acid concentration water or acid hydrolyzed amino acid solution (5%, V / W), and control the pH at 6.5-7.5; the last is the cooling stage, the pile is cooled from high temperature to below 50℃, which takes about 8d-10d. During this process, it is necessary to pay attention to factors such as temperature control, humidity control, carbon-ammonia ratio, pH value, etc., and turn the pile regularly to ensure complete decomposition. Then the decomposed materials are screened by a screening machine, and the decomposed materials with a pore size of ≤5mm are selected as the finished organic fertilizer, so that the particles can be better coated in the subsequent process;

[0027] Third, the slow-release agent is made, that is, the coated fertilizer is made. First, the membrane raw materials are selected from plastics, urea formaldehyde resin, paraffin, polyethylene, elemental sulfur, sodium silicate, silicate cement, magnesium ammonium phosphate, carbon powder, synthetic polymer materials and other materials. Urea formaldehyde resin, sodium silicate, nitrification inhibitor and carbon powder are selected as raw materials, and mixed and dissolved in a ratio of 1:0.3:0.05:2. Finally, a slow-release agent is formed, that is, a semi-permeable or insoluble membrane, which reacts with the fertilizer in the later stage to form a slow-release fertilizer, which can help the nutrients in the fertilizer to be slowly released through the membrane and prolong the fertilizer effect;

[0028] Fourth, slow-release fertilizer is produced. This process requires mixing the materials. The fertilizer raw material and the coating agent are passed through a fluidized bed for fluidized bed coating process. Solvent is added to the coating material to liquefy the coating material, and then the liquefied coating material is evenly sprayed onto the surface of the fertilizer particles. The solvent is blown away with hot air, and the film material is solidified and bonded to the surface of the fertilizer particles. This process is repeated many times to allow the coating agent to be firmly wrapped on the surface of the granular fertilizer.

[0029] The present invention provides a biomass slow-release fertilizer based on forestry waste and a preparation method thereof through improvement.

[0030] The above shows and describes the basic principle, main features and advantages of the present invention, and the standard parts used in the present invention can be purchased from the market, and special-shaped parts can be customized according to the description in the specification and the drawings. The specific connection methods of each part adopt the conventional means such as mature bolts, rivets, welding, etc. in the prior art. The machinery, parts and equipment all adopt the conventional models in the prior art, and the circuit connection adopts the conventional connection method in the prior art, which will not be described in detail here.

[0031] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A biomass slow-release fertilizer based on forestry waste and a preparation method thereof, comprising 1. preparation of raw materials, 2. preparation of a slow-release agent and 3. material preparation; A biomass slow-release fertilizer based on forestry waste and a preparation method thereof, the method specifically comprising the following steps: Step S1: Raw material preparation: forestry waste is selected as raw materials for recycling, so that it can be used as a renewable resource and turned into organic fertilizer that can be used in forestry; Step S2: slow-release agent preparation: select a film-forming substance to prepare a semi-permeable or insoluble film as a fertilizer coating; Step S3: Material preparation: The regenerated fertilizer and the slow-release agent are coated, and the slow-release agent is used to wrap the surface of the water-soluble granular fertilizer, so that the effective nutrients of the regenerated fertilizer are slowly released in the coating to prolong the fertilizer effect. Prepare biomass slow-release fertilizer to replace traditional fertilization fertilizer, reduce the loss of fertilizer nutrients in the soil, slowly release the effective nutrients in the slow-release fertilizer, and improve fertilizer utilization.

2. The biomass slow-release fertilizer based on forestry waste and the preparation method thereof according to claim 1, characterized in that: The raw material preparation includes collecting raw materials, cutting and mixing, fermenting, composting and preparing materials. The collecting raw materials refers to collecting various types of crop straws, such as corn stalks, wheat, rice straw, peanut seedlings, bean straws, rape straws, etc. These forestry residues can be collected and reused; the cutting and mixing is to use a crusher to knead and cut the collected long straws into 3-5 cm segments, and small segments are more conducive to better decomposition during the fermentation process. At the same time, auxiliary materials, such as feces, cakes, rice bran and other quick-acting carbon sources, can be added as auxiliary materials, which can adjust the carbon-ammonia ratio and also help microbial reproduction and decomposition; the fermentation is to put the mixed straws and auxiliary materials in a suitable position and pile them into a pile body, which is not less than 10m-15m wide, 5m-8m high and unlimited in length, and spray the auxiliary materials on the straw pile body after dissolving them in water, and control the initial water content to 60%-65%. During this period, it is necessary to maintain a certain humidity and temperature to avoid affecting the reproduction and decomposition effect of microorganisms, and stir them regularly to allow microorganisms to decompose better; The composting process is divided into three stages: a-heating stage: the temperature of the pile rises to 65°C for the first time, the pile is turned over once, and water is added to the pile to ensure that the moisture content of the material is 50% to 60%, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio is between 30 and 40, and it is maintained for 3d to 5d to ensure smooth fermentation; b-high temperature stage: the temperature of the pile is maintained above 70°C to 75°C, and it is maintained for 10d to 15d, the pile is turned over once every 3d, water is added to the pile, and combined with water addition, 1mol / L to 2mol / L acid concentration water or acid solution is sprayed Amino acid liquid (5%, V / W), and control the pH at 6.5-7.5; c-cooling stage: from high temperature to below 50°C, the duration is about 8d-10d. During this process, it is necessary to pay attention to factors such as temperature control, humidity control, carbon-ammonia ratio, pH value, etc., and regularly turn the pile to ensure complete decomposition; the finished material is to screen the decomposed material using a screening machine, and select the decomposed material with a pore size of ≤5mm as the finished organic fertilizer, so that the particles can be better coated in the subsequent process.

3. The biomass slow-release fertilizer based on forestry waste and the preparation method thereof according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slow-release agent is made by making coated fertilizer, which includes the selection of film-forming substances, the preparation of film-forming substances and the preparation of coatings. The film-forming substances can be selected from plastics, resins, paraffin, polyethylene, elemental sulfur, asphalt, silicate cement, ammonium magnesium phosphate, synthetic polymer materials, etc. The film-forming substances can be made by selecting urea formaldehyde resin, sodium silicate, nitrification inhibitor and carbon powder as raw materials, which are mixed and dissolved in the ratio of 1:0.3:0.05:2 to form a slow-release agent, which is also a semipermeable or insoluble membrane.

4. The biomass slow-release fertilizer based on forestry waste and the preparation method thereof according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material combination is to carry out fluidized bed coating process on the fluidized bed by the fertilizer raw material and the coating agent to produce coated slow-release fertilizer. The fluidized bed coating process mainly liquefies the coating material by solvent and then sprays it evenly on the surface of fertilizer particles. The heated hot air blows away the solvent, and the film material solidifies and adheres to the surface of the fertilizer particles. This process is repeated many times to produce polymer coated slow-release fertilizer.

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