One-step polymerization preparation method of shape-controllable binary polystyrene colloidal crystal

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of material chemical preparation, and particularly relates to a one-step polymerization preparation method of a shape-controllable binary polystyrene colloidal crystal. According to the invention, two kinds of PS microsphere primary pulp emulsions with good monodispersity and uniform particle size are prepared through a one-step emulsion polymerization method, wherein the two kinds of PS microsphere primary pulp emulsions are in micron-scale to nano-scale particle size distribution; the binary PS colloidal crystal with controllable morphology is directly self-assembled without subsequent treatment; in the process, the particle sizes of the two kinds of PS microspheres are regulated and controlled by controlling the adding amount, the dripping rate, the adding time and the reaction time of KPS; regulating and controlling the proportion of the PS microspheres with two different particle sizes by controlling the mass ratio of the secondarily added styrene monomer to the PS microspheres in the primary pulp emulsion; the method is simple in preparation process, good in repeatability and low in production cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of material chemical preparation, and in particular relates to a one-step polymerization preparation method of binary polystyrene colloid crystals with controllable morphology. Background Art

[0002] Monodisperse polystyrene (PS) microspheres are a kind of functional material with excellent performance. They have attracted extensive attention from scholars at home and abroad due to their good chemical stability, low density, easy functionalization, strong adsorption and large volume. PS microspheres play an important role in many fields such as biomedicine, environmental monitoring, materials science and chemical analysis. Binary PS colloidal crystals can combine the advantages of microspheres of different particle sizes. By changing the ratio and distribution of microspheres of different particle sizes, the structure and physical properties of colloidal crystals can be regulated. This flexibility makes it feasible to design specific functional materials, achieve more complex physical and chemical properties, and meet various application requirements. Binary PS colloidal crystals can be used to prepare photonic crystals with specific optical properties, which are widely used in optical sensors, filters and lasers. In the field of catalysis, binary PS colloidal crystals can be used as efficient catalyst carriers to improve the efficiency and selectivity of catalytic reactions. In the field of superhydrophobic materials, binary PS colloidal crystals can be used to manufacture surfaces with superhydrophobic properties, which has important applications in antifouling and self-cleaning materials. Binary PS colloidal crystals can be used in the development of sensors, especially in the field of gas and biosensors, with high sensitivity and selectivity. Binary PS colloidal crystal templates can effectively capture particles of different sizes and improve filtration effects in filtration and separation technologies.

[0003] At present, the chemical methods for preparing binary PS colloidal crystals are divided into two steps, mainly including: (1) two-step emulsion polymerization method, firstly preparing PS microspheres of one particle size by emulsion polymerization method, then preparing PS microspheres of another particle size by emulsion polymerization method, and then adjusting their ratio to prepare binary PS colloidal crystals. (2) secondary polymerization method, first preparing PS microspheres of one particle size, then performing secondary polymerization on their surface to form PS microspheres of another particle size, and classifying the prepared PS microspheres by centrifugation, filtration and other methods, and selecting PS microspheres of different particle sizes to self-assemble into binary PS colloidal crystals. Secondly, the particle size difference of PS microspheres prepared by single emulsion polymerization method is small, basically at the submicron level, and it is difficult to reach the micron and nanometer levels.

[0004] In summary, the current chemical methods for preparing binary PS colloidal crystals need to be carried out in two steps, namely, preparing PS microsphere emulsions of different particle sizes separately, and the PS raw emulsion needs to be centrifuged, purified, dried, graded and other subsequent treatments to obtain PS microspheres of uniform particle sizes. Then, the two PS microspheres of different particle sizes are mixed in different proportions to prepare binary PS colloidal crystals. It is time-consuming and laborious to adjust the formula and process, and a large number of repeated experiments are required to determine the formula for preparing PS microspheres of a particle size. The process is complicated and the time cost is high. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a one-step polymerization preparation method of binary polystyrene colloidal crystals with controllable morphology, wherein two PS microsphere slurry emulsions with different particle sizes ranging from micrometer to nanometer particle size are obtained in one step, and the emulsions are directly self-assembled into binary polystyrene colloidal crystals without subsequent treatment.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a one-step polymerization method for preparing binary polystyrene colloidal crystals with controllable morphology, which specifically comprises the following steps: S1: mixing styrene monomer, potassium bicarbonate and sodium p-styrene sulfonate to form a first mixed solution, placing it in a constant temperature water bath, and passing N2 for deoxygenation under continuous stirring; S2: dissolving 1%-3% of KPS by mass in water to form a KPS solution, and adding all of the KPS solution dropwise into the first mixed solution for 15-60 min; reacting in a constant temperature water bath for 7-10 h to form a stock emulsion; S3: taking out a portion of the stock emulsion, measuring the mass ratio of the PS microspheres in the portion of the stock emulsion, and obtaining the mass ratio of the PS microspheres in the stock emulsion, thereby obtaining the mass of the PS microspheres in the stock emulsion; adding styrene monomer to the stock emulsion to form a second mixed solution, placing it in a constant temperature water bath, and passing N2 for deoxygenation under continuous stirring; wherein the mass ratio of the styrene monomer to the PS microspheres in the stock emulsion in S3 is (5-2):1; S4: Dissolve KPS in water again at a mass percentage of 1%-3% of the styrene monomer described in S3 to form a KPS solution, and add all of the KPS solution dropwise into the second mixed solution for 30-90 minutes; after reacting in a constant temperature water bath, pour the solution into a crystallization dish, and obtain binary PS colloidal crystals with controllable morphology after ultrasonic dispersion and drying.

[0007] Preferably, the styrene monomer is extracted with NaOH and water respectively before use.

[0008] Preferably, the mass of the potassium bicarbonate in S1 is 1.92% of the styrene monomer in S1.

[0009] Preferably, the mass of the sodium p-styrene sulfonate described in S1 is 0.13% of the styrene monomer described in S1.

[0010] Preferably, the temperature of the constant temperature water bath is 70-80°C.

[0011] Preferably, the temperature of the constant temperature water bath is 73°C.

[0012] Preferably, the continuous stirring time in S3 is 1 to 2 hours.

[0013] Preferably, the constant temperature water bath reaction time in S4 is 16 to 20 hours.

[0014] Preferably, the diameter of the crystallization dish is 6 cm.

[0015] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a binary polystyrene colloidal crystal with controllable morphology, which is prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The invention regulates the particle sizes of two PS microspheres by controlling the addition amount, drop rate, addition timing and reaction time of KPS; regulates the ratio of two PS microspheres with different particle sizes by controlling the mass ratio of the secondary added styrene monomer and the PS microspheres in the original pulp emulsion, so as to realize the one-step polymerization method to prepare binary PS colloidal crystals with different morphologies of micron-scale to nanometer-scale particle grading; the PS microsphere original pulp emulsion prepared by the invention directly self-assembles into binary PS colloidal crystals without subsequent treatment; the invention has simple preparation process, good repeatability and low production cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments are briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a SEM image of the morphology-controllable binary PS colloidal crystal prepared in Example 1 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to enable those skilled in the art to understand the characteristics and effects of the present invention, the following is a general description and definition of the terms and expressions mentioned in the specification and claims. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in the text are the common meanings understood by those skilled in the art for the present invention. In the event of a conflict, the definition in this specification shall prevail.

[0020] The theories or mechanisms described and disclosed herein, whether correct or incorrect, should not limit the scope of the present invention in any way, that is, the present invention can be implemented without being limited by any specific theory or mechanism.

[0021] In this article, all features such as values, quantities, contents and concentrations defined in the form of numerical ranges or percentage ranges are for simplicity and convenience only. Accordingly, the description of numerical ranges or percentage ranges should be considered to have included and specifically disclosed all possible secondary ranges and individual values ​​within the range (including integers and fractions).

[0022] In this document, unless otherwise specified, “includes,” “including,” “contains,” “has,” or similar terms cover the meanings of “consisting of” and “mainly consisting of,” for example, “A includes a” covers the meanings of “A includes a and other” and “A only includes a.”

[0023] In this document, in order to make the description concise, not all possible combinations of various technical features in various embodiments or examples are described. Therefore, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, the various technical features in various embodiments or examples can be combined arbitrarily, and all possible combinations should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0024] The first object of the present invention is to provide a one-step polymerization method for preparing binary polystyrene colloidal crystals with controllable morphology, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: S1: Styrene monomer, potassium bicarbonate and sodium p-styrene sulfonate are mixed to form a first mixed solution, and the solution is placed in a constant temperature water bath to maintain the water bath temperature at 70-80° C., and N2 is introduced for deoxygenation under continuous stirring; wherein the mass of the potassium bicarbonate is 1.92% of the styrene monomer described in S1; and the mass of the sodium p-styrene sulfonate described in S1 is 0.13% of the styrene monomer described in S1.

[0025] S2: Dissolve 1%-3% of potassium persulfate (KPS) by mass in hot water at 70-80°C (the temperature of the hot water is consistent with the water bath temperature in S1) to form a KPS solution, and drip all of the KPS solution into the first mixed solution for 15-60 minutes; keep the water bath temperature at 70-80°C, and stop the reaction in a constant temperature water bath after 7-10 hours to form a stock emulsion, and the stock emulsion contains unreacted styrene monomer, potassium bicarbonate, sodium p-styrene sulfonate and KPS, etc.; S3: taking out part of the stock emulsion, measuring the mass ratio of the PS microspheres in part of the stock emulsion, obtaining the mass ratio of the PS microspheres in the stock emulsion, and thus obtaining the mass of the PS microspheres in the stock emulsion; adding styrene monomer to the stock emulsion to form a second mixed solution, maintaining the water bath temperature at 70-80°C, performing a constant temperature water bath, passing N2 for deoxygenation under continuous stirring, and the stirring time is 1-2 hours; wherein the mass ratio of the styrene monomer to the PS microspheres in the stock emulsion in S3 is (5-2):1; S4: Dissolve 1%-3% of KPS by mass in hot water at 70-80°C (the temperature of the hot water is consistent with the water bath temperature in S3) to form a KPS solution, and add all the KPS solution dropwise into the second mixed solution for 30-90 min; after reacting in a constant temperature water bath for 16-20 h, pour into a Φ6 cm crystallization dish, and obtain binary PS colloidal crystals with controllable morphology after ultrasonic dispersion and drying.

[0026] Wherein, the styrene monomer is extracted by NaOH and water respectively before use.

[0027] The present invention uses KPS as an initiator, potassium bicarbonate as a pH regulator, and sodium p-styrene sulfonate as an emulsifier. In the process of preparing a uniform submicron PS microsphere emulsion, a styrene monomer is added for a second time to make it swell with the PS microspheres in the stock emulsion, and further react with the initiator that has not reacted completely to form a new PS core. The initiator KPS is added for a second time to react with the styrene monomer added for a second time, so that the particle size of the PS microspheres in the stock emulsion is further increased, and the newly generated PS microcores grow at the same time, and two uniform pure PS microsphere stock emulsions with different particle sizes are obtained after the reaction is completed. No subsequent treatment is required, and the PS stock emulsion is self-assembled to form a binary PS colloidal crystal with controllable morphology. In the process, the particle size of the two PS microspheres is regulated by controlling the amount of KPS added, the dripping rate, the timing of addition, and the reaction time. The present invention controls the mass ratio of the secondary added styrene monomer to the PS microspheres in the original slurry emulsion to adjust the ratio of the two PS microspheres with different particle sizes, thereby realizing a one-step polymerization method to prepare binary PS colloidal crystals with different morphologies of micron-scale to nanometer-scale particle grading; the preparation process of the present invention is simple, has good repeatability and low production cost.

[0028] The second object of the present invention is to provide a binary polystyrene colloidal crystal with controllable morphology, PS microspheres with two particle sizes, micron and submicron, submicron and nanometer, with good monodispersity and uniform particle size.

[0029] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In addition, it should be understood that after reading the content taught by the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to the present invention, and these equivalent forms fall within the scope limited by the appended claims of the application equally.

[0030] The following examples use conventional instruments and equipment in the art. The experimental methods in the following examples where specific conditions are not specified are usually carried out under conventional conditions or under conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The various raw materials used in the following examples are conventional commercial products unless otherwise specified, and their specifications are conventional specifications in the art. In the specification of the present invention and the following examples, unless otherwise specified, "%" means weight percentage, "part" means weight part, and ratio means weight ratio.

[0031] Example 1 S1: Styrene monomer, potassium bicarbonate and sodium p-styrene sulfonate are mixed to form a first mixed solution, which is placed in a constant temperature water bath, the water bath temperature is maintained at 70° C., and N2 is passed through under continuous stirring for deoxygenation; wherein the mass of potassium bicarbonate is 1.92% of the styrene monomer in S1; and the mass of sodium p-styrene sulfonate in S1 is 0.13% of the styrene monomer in S1.

[0032] S2: dissolving KPS accounting for 1% of the mass percentage of the styrene monomer in S1 in hot water at 70°C to form a KPS solution, and dripping all of the KPS solution into the first mixed solution for 15 minutes; maintaining the water bath temperature at 70°C, and stopping the reaction in a constant temperature water bath after 7 hours to form a stock emulsion, and the stock emulsion contains unreacted styrene monomer, potassium bicarbonate, sodium p-styrene sulfonate and KPS, etc.; S3: taking out part of the stock emulsion, measuring the mass ratio of the PS microspheres in part of the stock emulsion, and obtaining the mass ratio of the PS microspheres in the stock emulsion, thereby obtaining the mass of the PS microspheres in the stock emulsion; adding styrene monomer to the stock emulsion to form a second mixed solution, maintaining the water bath temperature at 70°C, performing a constant temperature water bath, and passing N2 for deoxygenation under continuous stirring; wherein, the mass ratio of styrene monomer to PS microspheres in the stock emulsion in S3 is 2:1; S4: Dissolve KPS accounting for 1% by mass of the styrene monomer in S3 in hot water at 70°C to form a KPS solution, and add all the KPS solution dropwise into the second mixed solution for 30 minutes; after reacting in a constant temperature water bath for 16 hours, pour into a Φ6 cm crystallization dish, and obtain binary PS colloidal crystals with controllable morphology after ultrasonic dispersion and drying.

[0033] Wherein, styrene monomer was extracted by NaOH and water respectively before use.

[0034] Example 2 S1: Styrene monomer, potassium bicarbonate and sodium p-styrene sulfonate are mixed to form a first mixed solution, which is placed in a constant temperature water bath, the water bath temperature is maintained at 73° C., and N2 is introduced for deoxygenation under continuous stirring; wherein the mass of potassium bicarbonate is 1.92% of the styrene monomer in S1; and the mass of sodium p-styrene sulfonate in S1 is 0.13% of the styrene monomer in S1.

[0035] S2: dissolving KPS accounting for 1.5% of the mass percentage of styrene monomer in S1 in hot water at 73°C to form a KPS solution, and dripping all the KPS solution into the first mixed solution for 30 minutes; keeping the water bath temperature at 73°C, and stopping the reaction in a constant temperature water bath after 8 hours to form a stock emulsion, and the stock emulsion contains unreacted styrene monomer, potassium bicarbonate, sodium p-styrene sulfonate and KPS; S3: taking out part of the stock emulsion, measuring the mass ratio of the PS microspheres in part of the stock emulsion, and obtaining the mass ratio of the PS microspheres in the stock emulsion, thereby obtaining the mass of the PS microspheres in the stock emulsion; adding styrene monomer to the stock emulsion to form a second mixed solution, maintaining the water bath temperature at 73°C, performing a constant temperature water bath, and passing N2 for deoxygenation under continuous stirring; wherein, the mass ratio of styrene monomer to PS microspheres in the stock emulsion in S3 is 3:1; S4: Dissolve KPS accounting for 1.5% of the mass percentage of styrene monomer in S3 in hot water at 73°C to form a KPS solution, and add all the KPS solution dropwise into the second mixed solution for 45 minutes; after reacting in a constant temperature water bath for 18 hours, pour it into a Φ6 cm crystallization dish, and obtain binary PS colloidal crystals with controllable morphology after ultrasonic dispersion and drying.

[0036] Wherein, styrene monomer was extracted by NaOH and water respectively before use.

[0037] Example 3 S1: Styrene monomer, potassium bicarbonate and sodium p-styrene sulfonate are mixed to form a first mixed solution, which is placed in a constant temperature water bath, the water bath temperature is maintained at 75° C., and N2 is introduced for deoxygenation under continuous stirring; wherein the mass of potassium bicarbonate is 1.92% of the styrene monomer in S1; and the mass of sodium p-styrene sulfonate in S1 is 0.13% of the styrene monomer in S1.

[0038] S2: dissolving KPS accounting for 2% of the mass percentage of the styrene monomer in S1 in hot water at 75°C to form a KPS solution, and dripping all of the KPS solution into the first mixed solution for 45 minutes; maintaining the water bath temperature at 75°C, and stopping the reaction in a constant temperature water bath after 9 hours to form a stock emulsion, and the stock emulsion contains unreacted styrene monomer, potassium bicarbonate, sodium p-styrene sulfonate and KPS, etc.; S3: taking out part of the stock emulsion, measuring the mass ratio of the PS microspheres in part of the stock emulsion, and obtaining the mass ratio of the PS microspheres in the stock emulsion, thereby obtaining the mass of the PS microspheres in the stock emulsion; adding styrene monomer to the stock emulsion to form a second mixed solution, maintaining the water bath temperature at 75°C, performing a constant temperature water bath, and passing N2 for deoxygenation under continuous stirring; wherein, the mass ratio of styrene monomer to PS microspheres in the stock emulsion in S3 is 4:1; S4: Dissolve KPS, which accounts for 2% of the mass percentage of styrene monomer in S3, in hot water at 75°C to form a KPS solution, and add all the KPS solution dropwise into the second mixed solution for 60 minutes. After reacting in a constant temperature water bath for 19 hours, pour the solution into a Φ6 cm crystallization dish, and obtain binary PS colloidal crystals with controllable morphology after ultrasonic dispersion and drying.

[0039] Wherein, styrene monomer was extracted by NaOH and water respectively before use.

[0040] Example 4 S1: Styrene monomer, potassium bicarbonate and sodium p-styrene sulfonate are mixed to form a first mixed solution, which is placed in a constant temperature water bath, the water bath temperature is maintained at 80° C., and N2 is introduced for deoxygenation under continuous stirring; wherein the mass of potassium bicarbonate is 1.92% of the styrene monomer in S1; and the mass of sodium p-styrene sulfonate in S1 is 0.13% of the styrene monomer in S1.

[0041] S2: dissolving KPS accounting for 3% of the mass percentage of the styrene monomer in S1 in hot water at 80°C to form a KPS solution, and dripping all of the KPS solution into the first mixed solution for 60 minutes; keeping the water bath temperature at 80°C, and stopping the reaction in a constant temperature water bath after 10 hours to form a stock emulsion, and the stock emulsion contains unreacted styrene monomer, potassium bicarbonate, sodium p-styrene sulfonate and KPS; S3: taking out part of the stock emulsion, measuring the mass ratio of the PS microspheres in part of the stock emulsion, and obtaining the mass ratio of the PS microspheres in the stock emulsion, thereby obtaining the mass of the PS microspheres in the stock emulsion; adding styrene monomer to the stock emulsion to form a second mixed solution, maintaining the water bath temperature at 80°C, performing a constant temperature water bath, and passing N2 for deoxygenation under continuous stirring; wherein, the mass ratio of styrene monomer to PS microspheres in the stock emulsion in S3 is 5:1; S4: Dissolve KPS, which accounts for 3% of the mass percentage of styrene monomer in S3, in hot water at 80°C to form a KPS solution, and add all the KPS solution dropwise into the second mixed solution for 90 minutes. After reacting in a constant temperature water bath for 20 hours, pour the solution into a Φ6 cm crystallization dish, and obtain binary PS colloidal crystals with controllable morphology after ultrasonic dispersion and drying.

[0042] Wherein, styrene monomer was extracted by NaOH and water respectively before use.

[0043] Example 5 S1: Styrene monomer, potassium bicarbonate and sodium p-styrene sulfonate are mixed to form a first mixed solution, which is placed in a constant temperature water bath, the water bath temperature is maintained at 73° C., and N2 is introduced for deoxygenation under continuous stirring; wherein the mass of potassium bicarbonate is 1.92% of the styrene monomer in S1; and the mass of sodium p-styrene sulfonate in S1 is 0.13% of the styrene monomer in S1.

[0044] S2: dissolving KPS accounting for 3% of the mass percentage of the styrene monomer in S1 in hot water at 73°C to form a KPS solution, and dripping all of the KPS solution into the first mixed solution for 50 minutes; keeping the water bath temperature at 73°C, and stopping the reaction in a constant temperature water bath after 10 hours to form a stock emulsion, and the stock emulsion contains unreacted styrene monomer, potassium bicarbonate, sodium p-styrene sulfonate and KPS; S3: taking out part of the stock emulsion, measuring the mass ratio of the PS microspheres in part of the stock emulsion, and obtaining the mass ratio of the PS microspheres in the stock emulsion, thereby obtaining the mass of the PS microspheres in the stock emulsion; adding styrene monomer to the stock emulsion to form a second mixed solution, maintaining the water bath temperature at 73°C, performing a constant temperature water bath, and passing N2 for deoxygenation under continuous stirring; wherein, the mass ratio of styrene monomer to PS microspheres in the stock emulsion in S3 is 5:1; S4: Dissolve KPS, which accounts for 3% of the mass percentage of styrene monomer in S3, in hot water at 73°C to form a KPS solution, and add all the KPS solution dropwise into the second mixed solution for 80 minutes. After reacting in a constant temperature water bath for 20 hours, pour the solution into a Φ6 cm crystallization dish, and obtain binary PS colloidal crystals with controllable morphology after ultrasonic dispersion and drying.

[0045] Wherein, styrene monomer was extracted by NaOH and water respectively before use.

[0046] like Figure 1 As shown, it is a SEM image of the morphology-controllable binary PS colloidal crystal prepared in Example 1 of the present invention, which has PS microspheres of two particle sizes, micron and submicron, and submicron and nanometer, with good monodispersity and uniform particle size.

[0047] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A one-step polymerization method for preparing binary polystyrene colloidal crystals with controllable morphology, characterized in that: The specific steps include: S1: mixing styrene monomer, potassium bicarbonate and sodium p-styrene sulfonate to form a first mixed solution, placing it in a constant temperature water bath, and passing N2 for deoxygenation under continuous stirring; S2: dissolving 1%-3% of KPS by mass in water to form a KPS solution, and adding all of the KPS solution dropwise into the first mixed solution for 15-60 min; reacting in a constant temperature water bath for 7-10 h to form a stock emulsion; S3: taking out a portion of the stock emulsion, measuring the mass ratio of the PS microspheres in the portion of the stock emulsion, and obtaining the mass ratio of the PS microspheres in the stock emulsion, thereby obtaining the mass of the PS microspheres in the stock emulsion; adding styrene monomer to the stock emulsion to form a second mixed solution, placing it in a constant temperature water bath, and passing N2 for deoxygenation under continuous stirring; wherein the mass ratio of the styrene monomer to the PS microspheres in the stock emulsion in S3 is (5-2):1; S4: Dissolve KPS in water again at a mass percentage of 1%-3% of the styrene monomer described in S3 to form a KPS solution, and add all of the KPS solution dropwise into the second mixed solution for 30-90 minutes; after reacting in a constant temperature water bath, pour the solution into a crystallization dish, and obtain binary PS colloidal crystals with controllable morphology after ultrasonic dispersion and drying.

2. The one-step polymerization method for preparing binary polystyrene colloidal crystals with controllable morphology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The styrene monomer was extracted with NaOH and water respectively before use.

3. The one-step polymerization method for preparing binary polystyrene colloidal crystals with controllable morphology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass of potassium bicarbonate described in S1 is 1.92% of the styrene monomer described in S1.

4. The one-step polymerization method for preparing binary polystyrene colloidal crystals with controllable morphology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass of the sodium p-styrene sulfonate described in S1 is 0.13% of the styrene monomer described in S1.

5. The one-step polymerization method for preparing binary polystyrene colloidal crystals with controllable morphology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature of the constant temperature water bath is 70-80°C.

6. The one-step polymerization method for preparing binary polystyrene colloidal crystals with controllable morphology according to claim 5, characterized in that: The temperature of the constant temperature water bath is 73°C.

7. The one-step polymerization method for preparing binary polystyrene colloidal crystals with controllable morphology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The continuous stirring time in S3 is 1 to 2 hours.

8. The one-step polymerization method for preparing binary polystyrene colloidal crystals with controllable morphology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reaction time in the constant temperature water bath in S4 is 16 to 20 hours.

9. The one-step polymerization method for preparing morphology-controlled binary polystyrene colloidal crystals according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the crystallization dish is 6 cm.

10. A binary polystyrene colloidal crystal with controllable morphology, characterized in that: The method is prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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