High-performance aluminum alloy part and additive manufacturing method
By adding specific elements to the aluminum alloy and adopting additive manufacturing methods and combining annealing heat treatment, the problem of low strength of aluminum alloy parts during the additive manufacturing forming process is solved, and the preparation of high-performance aluminum alloy parts is realized.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411939937.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-26
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-28
AI Technical Summary
During the additive manufacturing forming process, aluminum alloy parts are prone to cracking, bulging, and raising problems, resulting in low strength and limiting their application scenarios.
High-performance aluminum alloy parts are prepared by designing chemical components of aluminum alloys containing elements such as Si, Mg, Fe, Cu and Eu, and using additive manufacturing methods of selective laser melting or electron beam melting, combined with annealing heat treatment.
The high strength and toughness of aluminum alloy parts are achieved, the tensile strength reaches more than 380MPa, the yield strength is more than 230MPa, and the elongation is more than 13%.
Smart Images
Figure CN119710380A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing, and in particular to a high-performance aluminum alloy part and an additive manufacturing method. Background Art
[0002] In the process of additive manufacturing, parts often crack, bulge, and warp. This is especially true in powder bed fusion technology. Due to the slow heat dissipation of the powder bed, stress and / or heat accumulation occurs in the parts, resulting in poor performance of the parts after printing, especially low strength, which limits their application scenarios.
[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an aluminum alloy printed part with better performance. Summary of the invention
[0004] In view of the above analysis, the present invention aims to provide a high-performance aluminum alloy part and an additive manufacturing method to improve the strength of the aluminum alloy part.
[0005] On the one hand, the present invention provides a high-performance aluminum alloy part, whose chemical composition, measured by mass percentage, includes Si: 8-10%, Mg: 0.2-0.5%, Fe: ≤0.5%, Cu: ≤0.05%, Eu: 0.02-0.05%, and the balance is Al.
[0006] Furthermore, in terms of mass percentage, its chemical composition includes Si: 9-10%, Mg: 0.3-0.5%, Fe: ≤0.3%, Cu: ≤0.03%, Eu: 0.02-0.03%, and the balance is Al.
[0007] In another aspect, the present invention provides an additive manufacturing method for high-performance aluminum alloy parts, comprising the following preparation method:
[0008] S1: Prepare raw materials according to chemical composition;
[0009] S2: Plan the feature structure of the part, slice it, and perform additive manufacturing;
[0010] S3: High performance aluminum alloy parts are obtained after heat treatment.
[0011] Furthermore, the additive manufacturing is selective laser melting or electron beam melting.
[0012] Furthermore, when the additive manufacturing is selective laser melting, the scanning speed is 1100-1400 mm / s, the laser power is 350-500w, the scanning spacing is 0.08-0.15mm, and the powder layer thickness is 0.03-0.06mm.
[0013] Furthermore, the scanning speed is 1200-1400 mm / s, the laser power is 400-500 w, the scanning interval is 0.1-0.15 mm, and the powder layer thickness is 0.03-0.05 mm.
[0014] Furthermore, when the additive manufacturing is electron beam melting, the electron beam power is 1500-2000W, the scanning speed is 1000-1500mm / s, the preheating temperature is 100-300°C, the spot beam diameter is 0.1-0.3mm, and the powder thickness is 0.08-0.12mm.
[0015] Furthermore, the electron beam power is 1500-1800W, the scanning speed is 1200-1500mm / s, the preheating temperature is 200-300°C, the spot beam diameter is 0.2-0.3mm, and the powder coating thickness is 0.10-0.12mm.
[0016] Furthermore, the heat treatment is annealing, the annealing temperature is 280-320°C, the holding time is 1.5-2.5h, and then the furnace is cooled to room temperature; wherein the heating rate is no more than 5°C / min.
[0017] Furthermore, the high-performance aluminum alloy part has a tensile strength of more than 380 MPa, a yield strength of more than 230 MPa, and an elongation of more than 13%.
[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention can achieve at least one of the following beneficial effects:
[0019] 1. In the high-performance aluminum alloy parts provided by the present invention, through the interaction between elements, especially the addition of Eu elements, and controlling its content to 0.02-0.05%, the second relative dislocation formed with Al elements has a pinning effect and plays a strengthening role. At the same time, in the presence of elements such as Si, Mg, Fe and Cu, the aluminum alloy parts have higher mechanical properties;
[0020] 2. The present invention prepares aluminum alloy parts by the mutual coordination of elements and then adopts an additive manufacturing method, wherein the additive manufacturing selective laser melting or electron beam melting process controls the respective process parameters, and can improve the strength and toughness of the aluminum alloy parts after annealing, with a tensile strength of more than 380MPa, a yield strength of more than 230MPa, and an elongation of more than 13%.
[0021] In the present invention, the above-mentioned technical solutions can also be combined with each other to achieve more preferred combination solutions. Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the subsequent description, and some advantages can become obvious from the description, or can be understood by practicing the present invention. The purpose and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained through the contents particularly pointed out in the description and the drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0022] The drawings are only for the purpose of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be considered limiting of the present invention. Like reference symbols denote like components throughout the drawings.
[0023] Figure 1 This is a physical picture of the aluminum alloy part obtained in Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0024] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein the accompanying drawings constitute a part of the present invention and are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to illustrate the principles of the present invention, but are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.
[0025] In the process of additive manufacturing, parts often crack, bulge, and warp. Especially in powder bed fusion technology, due to the slow heat dissipation of the powder bed, there is stress accumulation and / or heat accumulation in the parts, resulting in poor performance of the parts after printing.
[0026] Therefore, the present invention provides a high-performance aluminum alloy part, whose chemical composition, by mass percentage, includes Si: 8-10%, Mg: 0.2-0.5%, Fe: ≤0.5%, Cu: ≤0.05%, Eu: 0.02-0.05%, and the balance is Al.
[0027] Compared with the prior art, the high-performance aluminum alloy parts provided by the present invention have a pinning effect and a strengthening effect by the interaction between elements, especially by adding Eu elements and controlling the content of Eu elements to 0.02-0.05%, and forming a second relative dislocation with Al elements, etc. At the same time, in the presence of Si, Mg, Fe and Cu elements, the aluminum alloy parts have higher mechanical properties, with a tensile strength of more than 380MPa, a yield strength of more than 230MPa, and an elongation of more than 13%.
[0028] Specifically, in terms of mass percentage, the chemical composition of the high-performance aluminum alloy parts includes Si: 9-10%, Mg: 0.3-0.5%, Fe: ≤0.3%, Cu: ≤0.03%, Eu: 0.02-0.03%, and the balance is Al.
[0029] It should be noted that the functions of each element are as follows:
[0030] Si: Silicon forms tiny silicon particles during the solidification process of the alloy, and these particles are distributed in the aluminum alloy matrix as hard points. When the aluminum alloy is subjected to external forces, these hard points can hinder the movement of dislocations, thereby improving the strength of the aluminum alloy. In addition, silicon can lower the melting point of the aluminum alloy, improve the fluidity of the alloy, reduce the tendency of thermal cracking, and reduce the tendency of shrinkage and shrinkage. With the increase of the amount of Si element added, the number of second phases in the solidified structure continues to increase, but the solidified structure is prone to produce coarse blocky Si phases, which is prone to stress concentration, and the strength and plasticity of the aluminum alloy are reduced. Therefore, the silicon content is controlled at 8-10%.
[0031] Mg and Cu: Magnesium can form Mg2Al3 strengthening phase with aluminum in aluminum alloy, dispersed in the aluminum matrix, hindering dislocation movement, and significantly improving the strength of aluminum alloy. The role of Cu is similar to that of Mg. Adding a small amount of copper can keep the aluminum alloy at a high strength and plasticity.
[0032] Fe: Iron easily forms intermetallic compounds with aluminum and other elements, such as Al-Fe-Si phases. These compound phases usually exist in coarse needle-like or plate-like forms. The Fe element often exists in the form of a second phase, and an appropriate amount of Fe is beneficial to improving the mechanical properties of aluminum alloys. When the Fe content is lower than the critical value, the tensile strength and yield strength of the aluminum alloy increase slightly with the increase of the Fe content, and the elongation does not change significantly; when the Fe content is higher than the critical value, the tensile strength and yield strength of the alloy do not change significantly, while the elongation decreases significantly. Therefore, control Fe: ≤0.3%.
[0033] Eu: Europium will interact with aluminum and other alloying elements to form some new compound phases or solid solution phases, such as the Al3Eu second phase. The formation of these new phases can change the surface structure of the aluminum alloy, such as forming a fine and dispersed strengthening phase, which has a pinning effect on dislocations and plays a strengthening role, thereby affecting the performance of the aluminum alloy. Grain refinement: It helps to refine the grains on the surface of the aluminum alloy and reduce the grain size. In addition, europium can refine the grains, increase the grain boundary area, hinder the movement of dislocations, and improve its toughness and plasticity.
[0034] The present invention provides an additive manufacturing method for high-performance aluminum alloy parts, comprising the following preparation method:
[0035] S1: Prepare raw materials according to chemical composition;
[0036] S2: Plan the feature structure of the part, slice it, and perform additive manufacturing;
[0037] S3: High performance aluminum alloy parts are obtained after heat treatment.
[0038] It should be noted that the present invention can improve the strength and toughness of aluminum alloy parts by the mutual coordination of elements and the control of process parameters in the additive manufacturing process. The high-performance aluminum alloy parts have a tensile strength of more than 380 MPa, a yield strength of more than 230 MPa, and an elongation of more than 13%.
[0039] Specifically, the additive manufacturing is selective laser melting or electron beam melting.
[0040] It should be noted that in the present invention, the additive manufacturing is selective laser melting or electron beam melting, which directly melts the metal powder and solidifies it into the desired shape without the need for additional cutting or grinding, so the material utilization rate is extremely high. Through the design of the composition, combined with the selective laser melting or electron beam melting process, the strength and plasticity of the obtained aluminum alloy parts can be guaranteed.
[0041] Specifically, when the additive manufacturing is selective laser melting, the scanning speed is 1100-1400 mm / s, the laser power is 350-500 w, the scanning spacing is 0.08-0.15 mm, and the powder layer thickness is 0.03-0.06 mm.
[0042] Specifically, the scanning speed may be 1100 mm / s, 1150 mm / s, 1200 mm / s, 1250 mm / s, 1300 mm / s, 1350 mm / s or 1400 mm / s.
[0043] Specifically, the laser power may be 350w, 380w, 400w, 420w, 450w, 480w or 500w.
[0044] Specifically, the scanning interval may be 0.08 mm, 0.09 mm, 0.10 mm, 0.11 mm, 0.12 mm, 0.13 mm, 0.14 mm or 0.15 mm.
[0045] Specifically, the thickness of the powder layer can be 0.03 mm, 0.04 mm, 0.05 mm or 0.06 mm.
[0046] Preferably, the scanning speed is 1200-1400 mm / s, the laser power is 400-500 w, the scanning interval is 0.1-0.15 mm, and the powder layer thickness is 0.03-0.05 mm.
[0047] More preferably, the scanning speed is 1200 mm / s, the laser power is 400 w, the scanning interval is 0.1 mm, and the powder layer thickness is 0.05 mm.
[0048] It should be noted that when additive manufacturing is a selective laser melting process, it is necessary to reasonably control the scanning speed, laser power, scanning spacing and powder thickness. If the laser power is too low, the scanning speed is too high, and the scanning spacing is too large, incomplete fusion and incomplete burning will occur, resulting in defects. If the laser power is too high, the scanning speed is too slow, and the scanning spacing is too small, overburning or evaporation of certain elements will occur, resulting in pore defects.
[0049] Specifically, when the additive manufacturing is electron beam melting, the electron beam power is 1500-2000W, the scanning speed is 1000-1500mm / s, the preheating temperature is 100-300°C, the spot beam diameter is 0.1-0.3mm, and the powder thickness is 0.08-0.12mm.
[0050] Specifically, the electron beam power can be 1500w, 1550w, 1600w, 1650w, 1700w, 1750w, 1800w, 1850w, 1900w, 1950w or 2000w.
[0051] Specifically, the scanning speed may be 1000 mm / s, 1100 mm / s, 1150 mm / s, 1200 mm / s, 1250 mm / s, 1300 mm / s, 1350 mm / s, 1400 mm / s, 1450 mm / s or 1500 mm / s.
[0052] Specifically, the preheating temperature may be 100°C, 120°C, 150°C, 180°C, 200°C, 230°C, 250°C, 280°C or 300°C.
[0053] Specifically, the spot beam diameter may be 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm or 0.3 mm.
[0054] Specifically, the powder coating thickness may be 0.08 mm, 0.09 mm, 0.10 mm, 0.11 mm or 0.12 mm.
[0055] Preferably, the electron beam power is 1500-1800 W, the scanning speed is 1200-1500 mm / s, the preheating temperature is 200-300° C., the spot beam diameter is 0.2-0.3 mm, and the powder coating thickness is 0.10-0.12 mm.
[0056] More preferably, the electron beam power is 1800 W, the scanning speed is 1200 mm / s, the preheating temperature is 200° C., the spot beam diameter is 0.2 mm, and the powder coating thickness is 0.10 mm.
[0057] It should be noted that when additive manufacturing is electron beam melting, it is also necessary to control the electron beam power, scanning speed, and spot beam diameter. If these parameters are not within the above range, too high or too low will lead to defects. The only difference is that during the electron beam melting process, preheating treatment is required, and the preheating temperature is 100-300°C. When the preheating temperature is too high, the powder bed will be too hard before printing, making it difficult to remove the parts and affecting the reuse of the powder; when the preheating temperature is too low, the powder will be loose before printing, and over-blowing will lead to printing failure.
[0058] Specifically, the heat treatment is annealing, the annealing temperature is 280-320° C., the heat preservation time is 1.5-2.5 hours, and then the furnace is cooled to room temperature; wherein the heating rate is not greater than 5° C. / min.
[0059] It should be noted that after the printing of the present invention is completed, annealing treatment is required to remove the stress generated during the printing process and improve the strength. If the annealing temperature is too high, the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy is low and the elongation is high; if the annealing temperature is too low, the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy is high, the elongation is poor, and the material is hard and brittle.
[0060] Preferably, the annealing temperature is 280-300° C., and the holding time is 1.5-2.0 h.
[0061] In order to more clearly describe the present invention, it is further illustrated by the following examples and comparative examples.
[0062] Example 1
[0063] The additive manufacturing method of high-performance aluminum alloy parts comprises the following steps:
[0064] S1: Prepare raw materials according to chemical composition;
[0065] Its chemical composition is: Si: 9.1%, Mg: 0.35%, Fe: 0.3%, Cu: 0.03%, Eu: 0.03%, and the balance is Al;
[0066] S2: Plan the feature structure of the part, slice it, and perform additive manufacturing;
[0067] When the additive manufacturing is selective laser melting, the scanning speed is 1200 mm / s, the laser power is 400 w, the scanning interval is 0.1 mm, and the powder layer thickness is 0.05 mm;
[0068] S3: The heat treatment is an annealing process, the heating rate is controlled at 5°C / min, the temperature is raised to 300°C, the holding time is 2.0h, and then the furnace is cooled to room temperature to obtain high-performance aluminum alloy parts.
[0069] Example 2
[0070] The preparation process of Example 2 is substantially the same as that of Example 1, except that, in Example 2, S1: preparing raw materials according to chemical composition;
[0071] Its chemical composition is: Si: 8.0%, Mg: 0.2%, Fe: 0.5%, Cu: 0.05%, Eu: 0.05%, and the balance is Al;
[0072] S2: Plan the feature structure of the part, slice it, and perform additive manufacturing;
[0073] When the additive manufacturing is selective laser melting, the scanning speed is 1400 mm / s, the laser power is 500 w, the scanning interval is 0.15 mm, and the powder layer thickness is 0.06 mm;
[0074] S3: The heat treatment is an annealing process, the heating rate is controlled at 4°C / min, the temperature is raised to 320°C, the holding time is 1.5h, and then the furnace is cooled to room temperature to obtain high-performance aluminum alloy parts.
[0075] Example 3
[0076] The preparation process of Example 3 is substantially the same as that of Example 2, except that, in Example 3, S2: planning and slicing the feature structure of the part, and performing additive manufacturing;
[0077] The additive manufacturing is electron beam melting, the electron beam power is 1800 W, the scanning speed is 1200 mm / s, the preheating temperature is 200° C., the spot beam diameter is 0.2 mm, and the powder laying thickness is 0.10 mm.
[0078] Example 4
[0079] The preparation process of Example 4 is substantially the same as that of Example 2, except that, in Example 4, S1: preparing raw materials according to chemical composition;
[0080] Its chemical composition is: Si: 8.0%, Mg: 0.2%, Fe: 0.5%, Cu: 0.05%, Eu: 0.05%, and the balance is Al;
[0081] S2: Plan the feature structure of the part, slice it, and perform additive manufacturing;
[0082] The additive manufacturing is electron beam melting, the electron beam power is 2000W, the scanning speed is 1500mm / s, the preheating temperature is 300°C, the spot beam diameter is 0.3mm, and the powder thickness is 0.08mm;
[0083] S3: The heat treatment is an annealing process, the heating rate is controlled at 5°C / min, the temperature is raised to 280°C, the holding time is 2.5h, and then the furnace is cooled to room temperature to obtain high-performance aluminum alloy parts.
[0084] Comparative Example 1
[0085] The preparation process of Comparative Example 1 is substantially the same as that of Example 1, except that in step S1 of Comparative Example 1, the raw materials are prepared according to the chemical composition, and the chemical composition does not include Eu.
[0086] Comparative Example 2
[0087] The preparation process of Comparative Example 2 is substantially the same as that of Example 1, except that in step S2 of Comparative Example 2, the scanning speed is 1500 mm / s, the laser power is 300 w, the scanning interval is 0.2 mm, and the powder layer thickness is 0.06 mm.
[0088] Comparative Example 3
[0089] The preparation process of Comparative Example 3 is substantially the same as that of Example 3, except that in step S2 of Comparative Example 3, the electron beam power is 200 W, the scanning speed is 1100 mm / s, the preheating temperature is 80°C, the spot beam diameter is 0.3 mm, and the powder thickness is 0.15 mm.
[0090] Comparative Example 4
[0091] The preparation process of Comparative Example 4 is substantially the same as that of Example 1, except that in step S3 of Comparative Example 4, the annealing temperature is 350° C. and the holding time is 3.0 h.
[0092] Performance Testing
[0093] The above-mentioned Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-4 were subjected to performance tests, mainly including tensile strength, yield strength and elongation. The test results are shown in Table 1.
[0094] Table 1 Performance test results
[0095]
[0096]
[0097] It can be seen from Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-4 and Table 1 that the aluminum alloy parts obtained in the embodiments of the present invention, through the interaction between chemical elements, combined with additive manufacturing, and controlling the corresponding process parameters, have higher strength and plasticity after annealing heat treatment, with a tensile strength of more than 388 MPa, a yield strength of more than 238 MPa, and an elongation of more than 13%.
[0098] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A high performance aluminum alloy part, characterized in that: Calculated by mass percentage, the chemical composition includes Si: 8-10%, Mg: 0.2-0.5%, Fe: ≤0.5%, Cu: ≤0.05%, Eu: 0.02-0.05%, and the balance is Al.
2. The high performance aluminum alloy part according to claim 1, characterized in that: Calculated by mass percentage, its chemical composition includes Si: 9-10%, Mg: 0.3-0.5%, Fe: ≤0.3%, Cu: ≤0.03%, Eu: 0.02-0.03%, and the balance is Al.
3. An additive manufacturing method for high-performance aluminum alloy parts according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following preparation methods: S1: Prepare raw materials according to chemical composition; S2: Plan and slice the feature structure of the part, and perform additive manufacturing; S3: High performance aluminum alloy parts are obtained after heat treatment.
4. The additive manufacturing method for high-performance aluminum alloy parts according to claim 3, characterized in that: The additive manufacturing is selective laser melting or electron beam melting.
5. The additive manufacturing method for high-performance aluminum alloy parts according to claim 3, characterized in that: When the additive manufacturing is selective laser melting, the scanning speed is 1100-1400 mm / s, the laser power is 350-500w, the scanning spacing is 0.08-0.15mm, and the powder layer thickness is 0.03-0.06mm.
6. The additive manufacturing method for high-performance aluminum alloy parts according to claim 5, characterized in that: The scanning speed is 1200-1400 mm / s, the laser power is 400-500 w, the scanning interval is 0.1-0.15 mm, and the powder layer thickness is 0.03-0.05 mm.
7. The additive manufacturing method for high-performance aluminum alloy parts according to claim 3, characterized in that: When the additive manufacturing is electron beam melting, the electron beam power is 1500-2000W, the scanning speed is 1000-1500mm / s, the preheating temperature is 100-300°C, the spot beam diameter is 0.1-0.3mm, and the powder thickness is 0.08-0.12mm.
8. The additive manufacturing method for high-performance aluminum alloy parts according to claim 7, characterized in that: The electron beam power is 1500-1800W, the scanning speed is 1200-1500mm / s, the preheating temperature is 200-300°C, the spot beam diameter is 0.2-0.3mm, and the powder thickness is 0.10-0.12mm.
9. The additive manufacturing method for high-performance aluminum alloy parts according to claim 3, characterized in that: The heat treatment is annealing, the annealing temperature is 280-320°C, the heat preservation time is 1.5-2.5h, and then the furnace is cooled to room temperature; wherein the heating rate is not greater than 5°C / min.
10. The additive manufacturing method for high-performance aluminum alloy parts according to claim 3, characterized in that: The high-performance aluminum alloy part has a tensile strength of more than 380 MPa, a yield strength of more than 230 MPa, and an elongation of more than 13%.