Underground engineering parameter rapid transmission method and system based on ground data prediction

Abstract

The invention discloses an underground engineering parameter rapid transmission method and system based on ground data prediction. The method comprises the steps that an underground engineering parameter measurement short section measures underground engineering parameters in real time; determining a difference value between the real-time measurement data and newly received prediction data sent by the ground; the difference value is sent to a ground data processing system; after the ground receives the data sent by the underground engineering parameter measurement short section, the real value of the measurement data sent by the underground engineering parameter measurement short section is determined according to a receiving result and the latest prediction data sent to the underground engineering parameter measurement short section; and the ground predicts the next real-time measurement data according to the latest received real-time measurement data true value and the historically received real-time measurement data true value sent by the underground engineering parameter measurement short section, and sends the predicted data to the underground engineering parameter measurement short section. According to the scheme, rapid transmission of underground data can be realized, and the accuracy of predicted data can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of oil and gas drilling, and in particular to a method and system for quickly transmitting downhole engineering parameters based on ground data prediction. Background Art

[0002] During the drilling process, the judgment of underground working conditions is mainly based on the logging data such as drilling pressure, torque, speed, vertical pressure, displacement, density, etc., which makes it difficult to timely discover and correctly handle the precursors of complex underground conditions. At present, the use of downhole drilling engineering parameter measurement tools can obtain the drilling pressure, torque, temperature, pressure, vibration, well diameter, well deviation, resistivity, gamma and other engineering geological data in real time.

[0003] However, due to the limitation of MWD (Measurement While Drilling) transmission rate, the underground engineering geological parameters cannot be fully and quickly transmitted to the surface for operators to identify the underground working conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a new data transmission method to improve the transmission efficiency of underground engineering parameters and provide technical support for the effective identification of underground complexities. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of this specification is to provide a method and system for quickly transmitting downhole engineering parameters based on ground data prediction, so as to improve the transmission efficiency of downhole engineering parameters under the limitation of MWD transmission rate.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the first aspect of the present specification provides a method for rapid transmission of downhole engineering parameters based on ground data prediction, including: a downhole engineering parameter measuring pup section measures downhole engineering parameters in real time; determines the difference between the real-time measurement data and the most recently received prediction data sent by the ground data processing system; and sends the difference to the ground data processing system; after receiving the data sent by the downhole engineering parameter measuring pup section, the ground data processing system determines the true value of the measurement data sent by the downhole engineering parameter measuring pup section according to the reception result and the most recently received prediction data sent to the downhole engineering parameter measuring pup section; the ground data processing system predicts the next real-time measurement data according to the most recently received true value of the measurement data and the real value of the real-time measurement data sent by the downhole engineering parameter measuring pup section received historically, and sends the predicted data to the downhole engineering parameter measuring pup section.

[0006] In some embodiments, the downhole engineering parameter measurement sub sends real-time measurement data to the surface data processing system using a mud pulse transmission system; and / or, the surface data processing system sends prediction data to the downhole engineering parameter measurement sub via an electromagnetic wave transmission system.

[0007] In some embodiments, before the downhole engineering parameter measurement subsection determines the difference between the real-time measurement data and the most recently received predicted data sent by the ground data processing system, it also includes: the downhole engineering parameter measurement subsection repeatedly performs the following steps until the characteristic value data sent to the ground data processing system reaches a predetermined number: real-time measurement of downhole engineering parameters at a preset frequency; after the real-time measurement data reaches a predetermined number, screening the real-time measurement data; determining the characteristic value data of the screening result, and sending the characteristic value data to the ground data processing system.

[0008] In some embodiments, the characteristic value data is the median data in the screening results, or the average value of each data in the screening results.

[0009] In some embodiments, the ground data processing system predicts the next real-time measurement data based on the latest true value of the measurement data received and the real-time measurement data sent by the downhole engineering parameter measurement pup joint received historically, including: performing trend fitting on the latest true value of the measurement data received and the real-time measurement data sent by the downhole engineering parameter measurement pup joint received historically to obtain a fitting equation; and obtaining predicted data of the next real-time measurement result based on the fitting equation.

[0010] In some embodiments, if the sum of the true value of the measurement data most recently received by the ground data processing system and the true value of the real-time measurement data sent by the downhole engineering parameter measurement subsection received historically is not sufficient to calculate the data trend, then wait for the next data sent by the downhole engineering parameter measurement subsection; and / or, if the data sent by the downhole engineering parameter measurement subsection for multiple consecutive times are not sufficient to calculate the data trend, then receive manually input prediction data and send the prediction data to the downhole engineering parameter measurement subsection.

[0011] The second aspect of this specification provides a system for rapid transmission of downhole engineering parameters based on ground data prediction, comprising: a downhole engineering parameter measurement sub and a ground data processing system that executes any of the methods for rapid transmission of downhole engineering parameters based on ground data prediction described in the first aspect.

[0012] The third aspect of the present specification provides a downhole engineering parameter measurement subsection, which is used to execute the downhole engineering parameter rapid transmission method based on ground data prediction as described in any one of the first aspects; the downhole engineering parameter measurement subsection includes: a measurement module, which is used to measure downhole engineering parameters in real time; an electromagnetic wave receiving module, which is used to receive a signal sequence sent by the ground data processing system via electromagnetic waves; a first decoding module, which is used to decode the signal sequence to obtain predicted data; a first encoding module, which is used to encode the real-time measurement data; and a mud pulse transmitting module, which is used to convert the encoding result of the real-time measurement data into a mud pulse signal transmitted to the ground.

[0013] The fourth aspect of the present specification provides a ground data processing system for executing the method for rapid transmission of downhole engineering parameters based on ground data prediction as described in any one of the first aspects; the ground data processing system includes: a data processing module for determining the true value of the measurement data sent by the downhole engineering parameter measurement pawn according to the received real-time measurement data and the most recent prediction data sent to the downhole engineering parameter measurement pawn; and predicting the next real-time measurement data according to the most recent true value of the measurement data received and the real value of the real-time measurement data sent by the downhole engineering parameter measurement pawn received historically; a second encoding module for encoding the prediction data; an electromagnetic wave transmitting module for converting the encoding result of the prediction data into an electromagnetic wave signal sent to the downhole engineering parameter measurement pawn; a mud pulse receiving module for receiving a mud signal sequence; a second decoding module for decoding the mud signal sequence to obtain data sent by the downhole engineering parameter measurement pawn to the ground data processing system.

[0014] The fifth aspect of the present specification provides a downhole engineering parameter measurement subsection, which is used to execute the downhole engineering parameter rapid transmission method based on ground data prediction as described in any one of the first aspects; the downhole engineering parameter measurement subsection includes: a measurement module, which is used to measure downhole engineering parameters in real time; a mud pulse receiving module, which is used to receive the signal sequence sent by the ground data processing system through mud pulses; a first decoding module, which is used to decode the signal sequence to obtain predicted data; a first encoding module, which is used to encode the real-time measurement data; and an electromagnetic wave transmitting module, which is used to convert the encoding result of the real-time measurement data into an electromagnetic wave signal transmitted to the ground.

[0015] A sixth aspect of the present specification provides a ground data processing system for executing the method for rapid transmission of downhole engineering parameters based on ground data prediction as described in any one of the first aspects; the ground data processing system includes: a data processing module for determining the true value of the measurement data sent by the downhole engineering parameter measurement pawn according to the received real-time measurement data and the most recent prediction data sent to the downhole engineering parameter measurement pawn; and predicting the next real-time measurement data according to the most recent true value of the measurement data received and the real value of the real-time measurement data sent by the downhole engineering parameter measurement pawn received historically; a second encoding module for encoding the prediction data; a mud pulse transmitting module for converting the encoding result of the prediction data into a mud signal sequence sent to the downhole engineering parameter measurement pawn; an electromagnetic wave receiving module for receiving an electromagnetic wave signal; and a second decoding module for decoding the electromagnetic wave signal to obtain data sent by the downhole engineering parameter measurement pawn to the ground data processing system.

[0016] The method and system for rapid transmission of underground engineering parameters based on ground data prediction provided in this specification transmits the difference between real-time measurement data and prediction data instead of transmitting the real-time measurement data itself, so that the amount of data transmitted is reduced by dozens of times compared with the traditional transmission method, and rapid transmission of underground data can be achieved; compared with determining the prediction data underground, setting the prediction data determination to be executed in the ground data processing system can set up sufficient hardware facilities (such as memory, CPU, etc.) for implementing a more complex but more accurate prediction algorithm, thereby improving the accuracy of the prediction data. The more accurate the prediction data is, the smaller the difference that needs to be transmitted is, and the higher the data transmission efficiency is. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the implementation methods of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some implementation methods recorded in this application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0018] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the drilling site;

[0019] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the MWD tool and the independent drill collar sub;

[0020] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a pulser generating a pressure pulse signal;

[0021] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the MWD data transmission system;

[0022] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of a system for rapid transmission of downhole engineering parameters based on surface data prediction;

[0023] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a downhole engineering parameter measurement sub;

[0024] Figure 7 A flowchart of a method for rapid transmission of underground engineering parameters based on ground data prediction provided in this specification;

[0025] Figure 8 A flowchart of another method for quickly transmitting underground engineering parameters based on ground data prediction provided in this specification;

[0026] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of the structure of another system for rapid transmission of underground engineering parameters based on ground data prediction provided in this specification. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in this application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0028] During the drilling process, the judgment of the underground working conditions is mainly based on the logging data such as drilling pressure, torque, speed, vertical pressure, displacement, density, etc. on the ground, which makes it difficult to timely discover and correctly handle the precursors of the underground complex situation. At present, the use of downhole drilling engineering parameter measurement tools can obtain the underground drilling pressure, torque, temperature, pressure, vibration, well diameter, well deviation, resistivity, gamma and other engineering geological data in real time. However, due to the limitation of MWD transmission rate, it takes at least 5-10 minutes to transmit a set of engineering parameters. The underground engineering geological parameters cannot be fully and quickly transmitted to the ground for operators to judge the underground working conditions. At present, the rapid transmission of underground engineering data mainly adopts the automatic identification of underground working conditions, and uploads the underground working conditions or characteristic data to reduce the amount of transmitted data. In this way, when processing data underground, some useful abnormal data are easily processed by the machine, which cannot fully and truly reflect the underground information. At the same time, higher requirements are put forward for the underground data processing system. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a new data transmission system and method to improve the transmission efficiency of underground engineering parameters and provide technical support for the effective identification of underground complex.

[0029] LWD (Logging While Drilling) is usually understood as a logging while drilling instrument, and MWD (Measurement While Drilling) is usually understood as a measurement while drilling instrument. MWD is mainly used to measure directional parameters such as well inclination, azimuth, and tool face, while LWD can also measure physical parameters such as gamma and resistivity. It is usually believed that LWD includes MWD, a resistivity sub for measuring resistivity, and a gamma sub for measuring gamma. The engineering parameters here refer to engineering data such as drilling pressure, torque, temperature, pressure, rotation speed, and vibration in the well, which require another sub to measure.

[0030] Figure 1 The following is a schematic diagram of a drilling site. A is a drilling pump; B is a ground high-pressure pipeline; C is a wellhead pressure sensor; D is a derrick; E is a drill pipe; F is an MWD instrument; and G is a drill bit. The drilling pump A pumps the drilling fluid into the well through the ground high-pressure pipeline. The drilling fluid flows from the drill pipe E to the drill bit G, and then flows from the well annulus to the ground. Figure 1 The thick black arrows in the figure indicate the flow direction of the drilling fluid. At the drilling site, the drilling fluid is also called mud.

[0031] The key technology of logging while drilling is signal transmission, and mud pulse transmission, also known as drilling fluid pulse transmission, is widely used. The following is a brief description of the process of mud pulse transmission.

[0032] During the drilling process, it is necessary to obtain downhole directional parameters (well inclination, azimuth, tool face), geological parameters (gamma, resistivity), and engineering parameters (drilling pressure, torque, temperature, pressure, rotation speed, vibration) in real time. These parameters require special sensors to measure. The directional parameters are all concentrated in the MWD probe. Therefore, the MWD probe has two functions: (1) measuring directional parameters; and (2) encoding the measured data to control the pulser action.

[0033] For example, geological parameters and engineering parameters require independent drill collar-type short sections to place sensors because they are relatively large in size. These short sections transmit the measurement data to the MWD probe for encoding. After the MWD encoding, the pulser is controlled to transmit the data to the ground. For example, Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the MWD instrument and the independent drill collar type short section. Among them, H is the side view and top view of the pulser valve, the valve is a rotary type; I is a battery; J is an MWD probe; K is a drill collar; L is a schematic diagram of the MWD instrument placed in the drill collar; M is a schematic diagram of other measuring short sections placed in the drill collar.

[0034] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the pulser generating a pressure pulse signal. Since the pulser is discrete, that is, the pulser valves are all open under normal circumstances, the pressure monitored on the ground is a relatively stable straight line; when the signal is to be sent, the pulser will be closed for about 1 second, at which time the pressure in the string will rise, and the ground will be able to quickly monitor the pressure increase. The ground determines what information is transmitted by detecting the time interval of the pressure rise.

[0035] It should be noted that due to the low switching frequency of the pulser valve, the encoding method used for mud pulse transmission is different from the encoding method used for electromagnetic waves. For example, when mud pulses are transmitted, the second pressure rise occurs 5s after the first pressure rise, and the third rise occurs 3s later. Different codes can be compiled by controlling the time interval. Electromagnetic waves generally encode high voltage as 1 and low voltage as 0. This encoding method is suitable for situations with faster switching frequencies.

[0036] In order to improve the data transmission rate, electromagnetic wave transmission technology has been used in recent years to transmit logging while drilling signals. This technology places the logging while drilling instrument in a non-magnetic drill collar. There is an insulating short section between the non-magnetic drill collar and the upper drill pipe, so that low-frequency electromagnetic waves carrying measurement data can propagate to the formation around the well, or receive low-frequency electromagnetic waves propagating in the formation. The voltage difference between the drilling rig and the ground electrode can be detected on the ground, or low-frequency electromagnetic waves can be emitted to the formation. Due to the faster attenuation of electromagnetic waves in the formation than in the air, and the energy storage and transmission power limitations of the underground electromagnetic wave transmission module, generally only drilling within a depth of 4,000 meters underground will use electromagnetic waves to send measurement data to the ground. If the drilling depth is more than 4,000 meters, the signal is difficult to detect when the electromagnetic wave reaches the ground. In theory, as long as the electromagnetic wave transmission power is increased on the ground, the data on the ground can be transmitted to any depth underground using electromagnetic wave technology.

[0037] This specification provides a method and system for quickly transmitting downhole engineering parameters based on ground data prediction. This solution can significantly reduce the amount of data uploaded, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the transmission efficiency of drilling engineering parameters.

[0038] The system includes an electromagnetic wave transmission system and a mud pulse transmission system. Figure 4 As shown, the electromagnetic wave transmission system includes an electromagnetic wave transmitting device arranged on the ground and an electromagnetic wave receiving device arranged on the downhole engineering parameter measuring sub; the mud pulse transmission system includes a mud pulse transmitting device arranged on the downhole engineering parameter measuring sub and a mud pulse receiving device arranged on the ground. The mud pulse transmitting device can be a pulser in the MWD probe, and the mud pulse receiving device can be Figure 1The mud pulse transmission system is responsible for uploading real-time measurement data, while the electromagnetic wave transmission system is responsible for downlinking the ground prediction data. The electromagnetic wave transmission system and the mud pulse transmission system can realize closed two-way communication of data and improve the transmission rate.

[0039] A specific implementation method provided in this specification is described in detail below.

[0040] like Figure 5 As shown, the system includes a ground receiving sensor 1, a ground decoding unit 2, a ground data processing terminal 3, a signal downlink device 4, a ground data acquisition system 5, a ground pile antenna 6, an insulating short section 7, a suspension short section 8 and an engineering parameter measurement short section 9.

[0041] The insulating short section 7, the suspension short section 8 and the engineering parameter measurement short section 9 are located in the downhole drill string, and from top to bottom, they are the insulating short section 7, the suspension short section 8 and the engineering parameter measurement short section 9. The ground receiving sensor 1 is installed on the derrick base (when the electromagnetic wave method is used to transmit data) or on the riser (when the pressure wave method is used to transmit data), and is connected to the ground decoding unit 2 for communication through wired or wireless communication. The data restored by the ground decoding unit is transmitted to the ground data processing terminal 3. At the same time, the ground data acquisition system 5 collects the drilling pressure, torque, speed, vertical pressure, density, displacement, hook height and other logging data on the ground, and transmits the collected data to the ground data processing terminal 3. After comprehensive analysis of the downhole data and the ground data, the ground data processing terminal 3 predicts the next group of downhole engineering parameters that may appear, and transmits the predicted value to the signal transmission device 4. If the mud pressure pulse transmission is used, the signal transmission device 4 is a mud diversion device. If it is an electromagnetic wave transmission device, it is used in conjunction with the ground pile antenna 6 to transmit electromagnetic waves into the formation.

[0042] like Figure 6As shown, the insulating short section 7 includes an insulating short section upper joint 701, an antenna rod 702, an antenna plate 703, a transmitting short section 704, a downhole receiving circuit 705, a downhole receiving antenna (or a pressure sensor) 706, and an insulating short section lower joint 707. The insulating short section upper joint 701 and the insulating short section lower joint 702 are connected by a drill bit buckle. There are step surfaces and internal threads in the insulating short section upper joint 701, and the antenna plate 703 is installed at the internal threads of the insulating short section upper joint 701. The upper end of the antenna rod 702 is connected to the antenna plate 703, and the lower end is connected to the transmitting short section 704 through threads. There are downhole receiving circuits 705 and downhole receiving antennas (or pressure sensors) 706 on the side walls of the insulating short section lower joint 702. The downhole receiving antenna (or pressure sensor) 706 can receive electromagnetic wave signals from the formation or pressure wave signals in the drill string. After the signal is transmitted to the downhole receiving circuit 705 for processing and analysis, the data transmitted from the ground is restored. The downhole receiving circuit 705 then transmits the received signal to the transmitting short section 704 by wireless. The transmitting short section 704 can feed back the data transmitted by the MWD to the ground in the form of electromagnetic wave signals. Based on the feedback information, the ground can determine whether the correct prediction data has been received downhole. At the same time, the lower end of the transmitting short section is connected to the connector 801 in the suspension short section 8 to achieve data exchange.

[0043] The suspension sub 8 includes a connector 801, a suspension sub body 802 and a pulse generator 803. The upper end of the suspension sub body 802 is threadedly connected to the insulating sub lower joint 707, and the lower end is connected to the measuring sub body 901 of the engineering parameter measuring sub 9. The suspension sub body 802 has a step surface, on which a pulse generator 803 is installed for generating mud pressure pulses, and above the pulse generator 803 is a connector 801.

[0044] The engineering parameter measuring sub 9 includes a measuring sub body 901, a wireless transmission antenna 902, a measuring sub central control circuit 903, a receiving sub 904 and an MWD probe 905. The lower end of the pulse generator 803 is connected to the receiving sub 904. The side wall of the measuring sub body 901 is provided with a wireless transmission antenna 902 and a measuring sub central control circuit 903. After the measuring sub central control circuit 903 measures the downhole engineering parameters, it exchanges data with the receiving sub 904 through the wireless transmission antenna 902. The lower end of the receiving sub 904 is connected to the MWD probe.

[0045] Step 1: Downhole engineering parameter measurement The subsection performs real-time measurement of downhole engineering parameters, and performs filtering processing and storage.

[0046] (1) The downhole engineering parameter measurement sub collects the drilling pressure, torque, pressure, temperature, rotation speed, vibration, well diameter, hydrocarbon and other parameters in the downhole according to the set sampling frequency. When the number of collected data reaches M groups, data screening begins. Among them, a group of data includes multiple parameters corresponding to the same time. Here, the drilling pressure measured by the engineering parameter measurement sub is used as an example for explanation. Assuming that the sampling frequency of the drilling pressure on the engineering parameter measurement sub is 10Hz, the drilling pressure is measured for 2s, that is, the data screening begins when the number of samples reaches 20. The 20 measured data are (10.2t, 10.5t, 9.6t, 9.4t, 10.4t, 10.9t, 9.1t, 8.9t, 4.5t, 9.2t, 10.4t, 11.3t, 2.1t, 9.4t, 9.7t, 10.4t, 25.3t, -40.8t, 11.7t, 60.5t). Where t stands for tons, which is a commonly used unit for drilling pressure. For the convenience of expressing the method, this unit can also be omitted.

[0047] (2) First, the value range of the M data of each parameter is judged. If the measured value is not within the range, it is directly regarded as erroneous data and filtered out. The data with measured values ​​within the range are regarded as valid data for subsequent calculations.

[0048] Specifically, using the above example, we first perform range judgment on the above set of data. The drilling pressure range is -10t to 30t, so -40.8t and 60.5t can be excluded, and the remaining 18 data are valid data for subsequent calculations.

[0049] (3) Sort the valid data from small to large, find the median of the valid data, use the median as the average value of the parameter during the period, and store the median as the characteristic value of the parameter during the period. The median can reflect the trend of the data and avoid fluctuations in the mean caused by individual data with large changes.

[0050] Specifically, using the above example, the 18 valid data are sorted as (2.1, 4.5, 8.9, 9.1, 9.2, 9.4, 9.4, 9.6, 9.7, 10.2, 10.2, 10.4, 10.4, 10.4, 10.9, 11.3, 11.7, 25.3), and the median is the average of the 9th and 10th data, that is, (9.7+10.2) / 2=9.95, which effectively avoids the data with large deviations such as 2.1, 4.5, and 25.3. 9.95 is stored as the characteristic value of the drilling pressure within these 2 seconds.

[0051] Step 2: The downhole MWD probe encodes the characteristic value of each parameter and transmits the characteristic value of each parameter to the surface.

[0052] The downhole engineering parameter measurement sub transmits the stored data to the MWD probe by wired or wireless means. The MWD probe encodes the received downhole engineering parameters into control instructions, controls the action of the pulse generator, and transmits the signal to the ground through the mud pressure wave. The ground pressure sensor collects the mud pressure fluctuation signal and transmits it to the ground data processing system for processing to realize data restoration.

[0053] Specifically, following the above example, when the mud pressure pulse transmits data, the drilling pressure measurement data 9.95 is transmitted to the ground, and the ground system decodes and restores the data.

[0054] Step 3: The ground data processing system receives the data and logging data from the well, analyzes and processes the data, calculates the changing trend of each parameter, and predicts the next measurement value of each parameter.

[0055] (1) After the ground data processing system receives N groups of data (a group of data includes multiple parameters corresponding to the same time), it starts to screen the data. After the downhole engineering parameter measurement subsection has been working for a period of time and the downhole data transmission reaches a certain amount, the data screening starts on the ground.

[0056] Specifically, using the above example, assume that after a period of time, the ground receives 10 drilling pressure data (9.8, 10.4, 11.4, 9.7, 10.2, 4.5, 8.9, -8.1, 27.9, 35.1).

[0057] (2) First, the N data value ranges of each parameter are judged. If the value range is not within the reasonable measurement range, it is considered that the data measurement is incorrect or the ground decoding is wrong. This data is filtered out and the data with measured values ​​within the range are used as valid data for calculation.

[0058] Specifically, using the above example, the above 10 data are judged. First, according to the drilling pressure range, the data 35.1 can be excluded. Then, assuming that it can be judged from the logging data that drilling is in progress and the drilling pressure is below 20t, the two data 27.9 and -8.1 can be further excluded. The remaining 7 data are valid data (9.8, 10.4, 11.4, 9.7, 10.2, 4.5, 8.9)

[0059] (3) Sort the valid data from small to large, find the median of the valid data corresponding to each parameter, use the median as the average value of the parameter during this period, and store the median as the characteristic value of the parameter during this period. The median can reflect the trend of the data and avoid fluctuations in the mean caused by individual data with large changes.

[0060] Specifically, using the above example, the valid data is sorted into (4.5, 8.9, 9.7, 9.8, 10.2, 10.4, 11.4), and the median is 9.8, which is the drilling pressure value during this period. If a new drilling pressure value is uploaded a few minutes later, the first data 9.8 in the first item of the third step is removed, and the newly transmitted value is added at the end. The next median is calculated again according to (1) to (3) in the third step.

[0061] (4) Calculate the data trend of the filtered valid data, and predict the next measurement value of each parameter based on the data trend. If the sample data is not enough to calculate the data trend, wait for the next set of data to make a judgment. If many consecutive sets of data cannot form a trend, you can manually enter the predicted value. When the number of medians obtained reaches a certain number, trend fitting is performed on the medians of these drilling pressures to obtain the fitted linear equation. If there are multiple fitted linear equations, the last one shall prevail, and the predicted value of the next measurement point shall be obtained based on the linear equation. Specifically, using the above example, assume that the predicted value of the next measurement point is 10.

[0062] Step 4: The ground electromagnetic wave transmission system transmits the predicted data, and the underground electromagnetic wave system restores and stores the data after receiving it.

[0063] The ground data processing system sends a set of predicted downhole engineering parameter values ​​to the electromagnetic wave transmitting system, which encodes the data and transmits the predicted data down. After receiving the downlink data, the downhole electromagnetic wave receiving system decodes it and restores and stores the decoded predicted values. Specifically, using the above example, the ground electromagnetic wave transmission system encodes the drilling pressure 10t and sends the data downhole. After receiving it, the downhole electromagnetic wave receiving system decodes and restores it.

[0064] Step 5: The downhole engineering parameter measurement subcomponent compares the real-time measured data with the data transmitted from the ground, calculates the difference between the two, and uploads the difference to effectively reduce the amount of data transmission.

[0065] The data measured by the downhole short section is stored in real time, and then compared with the predicted value to calculate the difference between the measured value and the predicted value. The difference is then encoded and transmitted to the ground through mud pulses, effectively reducing the range of transmitted data and improving transmission efficiency.

[0066] Specifically, using the above example, after the downhole measuring sub receives the predicted value transmitted downward, the measured data needs to be differentiated from the predicted value. For example, if the measured value is 9.8, -0.2 is transmitted, and if the measured value is 10.5, 0.5 is transmitted. The original drilling pressure that needs to transmit 3 valid digits is directly reduced to 2 valid digits.

[0067] Step 6: After the ground data processing system receives the difference transmitted through the mud pulse and adds the predicted value, it can quickly restore the downhole data and calculate the next round of predicted values, entering the third step to start the cycle.

[0068] After receiving the data transmitted through the mud pulse, the ground data processing system adds it to the previously predicted value to restore the downhole measurement data. The ground processing system predicts the next round of engineering parameters based on the latest values ​​and logging parameters. If the predicted value is within the allowable error range with the last predicted value, the predicted value will not be transmitted, and only the value with a large change in the predicted value will be transmitted. Then the loop is entered to achieve rapid upload of downhole parameters.

[0069] Based on the above implementation, this specification provides a method for quickly transmitting downhole engineering parameters based on ground data prediction, such as Figure 7 As shown, the method includes:

[0070] S10: The downhole engineering parameter measurement sub measures downhole engineering parameters in real time; determines the difference between the real-time measurement data and the latest received prediction data sent by the ground data processing system; and sends the difference to the ground data processing system.

[0071] For example, in the fifth step of the above specific implementation, the real-time measurement data is 9.8, and the latest forecast data received from the ground data processing system is 10. The difference between 9.8 and 10 is calculated to be -0.2, and the difference -0.2 is transmitted to the ground data processing system.

[0072] The "downhole engineering parameter measurement sub" in this specification includes MWD measurement sub, geological parameter measurement sub, and engineering parameter measurement sub. Among them, the MWD measurement sub refers to the MWD instrument placed in the drill collar.

[0073] S20: After receiving the data sent by the downhole engineering parameter measurement sub, the ground data processing system determines the true value of the measurement data sent by the downhole engineering parameter measurement sub according to the reception result and the latest prediction data sent to the downhole engineering parameter measurement sub.

[0074] For example, the data received by the ground data processing system is 1.9, and the latest predicted data sent to the downhole engineering parameter measurement sub is 7.5. It can be determined that the actual value of the measurement data sent by the downhole engineering parameter measurement sub should be 7.5+1.9=9.4.

[0075] S30: The ground data processing system predicts the next real-time measurement data according to the real value of the latest received measurement data and the real value of the real-time measurement data sent by the downhole engineering parameter measurement sub received in the past, and sends the predicted data to the downhole engineering parameter measurement sub.

[0076] For example, the latest drilling pressure data received by the ground data processing system is 10, and the 10 drilling pressure data received before are sorted in time as follows: 8.8, 12.4, 11.7, 9.0, 10.8, 4.0, 4.9, 5.1, 6.9, 20.1. The ground data processing system predicts the next drilling pressure measurement value based on these 11 data "8.8, 12.4, 11.7, 9.0, 10.8, 4.0, 4.9, 5.1, 6.9, 20.1, 10".

[0077] In theory, the real-time measurement data (also referred to as upload data) sent by the downhole engineering parameter measurement sub to the ground data processing system can be transmitted by either the mud pulse transmission system or the electromagnetic wave transmission system; the prediction data (also referred to as download data) sent by the ground data processing system to the downhole engineering parameter measurement sub can be transmitted by either the mud pulse transmission system or the electromagnetic wave transmission system. In some cases, upload data and download data can be transmitted by the same transmission system.

[0078] In some embodiments, in order to improve data transmission efficiency, the mud pulse transmission system is used for uploading data, and the electromagnetic wave transmission system is used for downloading data. On the one hand, the pulse transmission channel used for uploading data and the electromagnetic wave transmission channel used for downloading data are isolated from each other and do not interfere with each other, thereby reducing the decoding complexity of each channel transmission; on the other hand, the electromagnetic wave transmission channel is used for downloading data (rather than uploading data), which can ensure that data can still be effectively transmitted when drilling to a deeper formation (for example, a depth greater than 4000 meters) without changing the data transmission method.

[0079] In some embodiments, Figure 8 As shown, before the downhole engineering parameter measurement sub determines the difference between the real-time measurement data and the latest received prediction data sent by the ground data processing system, the following steps are also included:

[0080] S40: The downhole engineering parameter measurement sub repeatedly executes the following steps until the characteristic value data sent to the ground data processing system reaches a predetermined number: measuring the downhole engineering parameters in real time according to a preset frequency; after the real-time measurement data reaches a predetermined number, filtering the real-time measurement data; determining the characteristic value data of the filtering result, and sending the characteristic value data to the ground data processing system.

[0081] S50: The ground data processing system predicts the next real-time measurement data according to the received characteristic values, and sends the predicted data to the downhole engineering parameter measurement sub.

[0082] For example, step S40 may refer to the first step and the second step of the above specific embodiment.

[0083] Before the ground data processing system has no reference data and cannot effectively determine a prediction that is closer to the actual measurement value, the downhole engineering parameter measurement subsection needs to continuously send characteristic value data to the ground for multiple times. After the amount of characteristic value data mastered by the ground data processing system is sufficient to more accurately determine the next measurement value, step S40 can be no longer executed. It can be foreseen that in the early stage of downhole engineering parameter transmission, the initial data transmission efficiency is low due to the need to continuously execute step S40; however, as the amount of downhole engineering parameter data received on the ground reaches a predetermined amount and step S40 is no longer executed, the data transmission efficiency will be greatly improved.

[0084] In some embodiments, the characteristic value data is the median data in the screening results, or the average value of each data in the screening results.

[0085] Due to the influence of measurement accuracy, abnormal conditions, and other parameters, the measured parameters may be individually inaccurate or have large deviations. Using the median of each data in the screening results as the characteristic value data of the measurement results can eliminate the influence of data with large deviations, so that the characteristic value data can better reflect the actual situation of the measurement data. In some embodiments, the average value of each data in the screening results can also be used as the characteristic value data. In other embodiments, a maximum value and a minimum value can be removed from the screening results first, and then the average value of the remaining data can be used as the characteristic value data.

[0086] In some embodiments, the ground data processing system predicts the next real-time measurement data based on the latest true value of the measurement data received and the real-time measurement data sent by the downhole engineering parameter measurement pup joint received historically, including: performing trend fitting on the latest true value of the measurement data received and the real-time measurement data sent by the downhole engineering parameter measurement pup joint received historically to obtain a fitting equation; and obtaining predicted data of the next real-time measurement result based on the fitting equation.

[0087] In other embodiments, the neural network model can be pre-trained, and the ground data processing system can input the real values ​​of the latest measurement data received and the real values ​​of the real-time measurement data sent by the downhole engineering parameter measurement pup joint received historically into the neural network model, and the output of the neural network model is used as the predicted data for the next real-time measurement result.

[0088] In some embodiments, if the sum of the true value of the measurement data most recently received by the ground data processing system and the true value of the real-time measurement data sent by the downhole engineering parameter measurement short section received historically is not enough to calculate the data trend, then wait for the next data sent by the downhole engineering parameter measurement short section, that is, execute the above step S40.

[0089] In some embodiments, if the data sent by the downhole engineering parameter measurement subsection for multiple consecutive times are not sufficient to calculate the data trend, the manually input prediction data is received and the prediction data is sent to the downhole engineering parameter measurement subsection. Through this setting, the prediction data sent can be manually intervened, so that the ground data processing system can obtain more accurate prediction data more quickly. For example, if the staff is familiar with the range of values ​​of various parameters of a certain formation in a certain area, then in the early stage of data transmission, the prediction data can be directly input manually, thereby reducing the number of executions of step S40 and making the data transmission rate significantly improved earlier.

[0090] In some embodiments, the surface data processing system further performs the following steps: after obtaining the predicted data and before sending the predicted data to the downhole engineering parameter measurement sub, it is determined whether the difference between the predicted data and the last predicted data is within a predetermined threshold range. If not, the predicted data is sent to the downhole engineering parameter measurement sub; if yes, the predicted data does not need to be sent to the downhole engineering parameter measurement sub.

[0091] The method for rapid transmission of underground engineering parameters based on ground data prediction provided in this specification transmits the difference between real-time measurement data and prediction data instead of transmitting the real-time measurement data itself, so that the amount of data transmitted is reduced by dozens of times compared with the traditional transmission method, and rapid transmission of underground data can be achieved; compared with determining the prediction data underground, setting the prediction data determination to be executed in the ground data processing system can set up sufficient hardware facilities (such as memory, CPU, etc.) for implementing a more complex but more accurate prediction algorithm, thereby improving the accuracy of the prediction data. The more accurate the prediction data is, the smaller the difference that needs to be transmitted is, and the higher the data transmission efficiency is.

[0092] This specification provides a system for rapid transmission of underground engineering parameters based on ground data prediction, such as Fig. 9 As shown, it includes a downhole engineering parameter measurement pup joint and a ground data processing system for executing the above-mentioned downhole engineering parameter rapid transmission method based on ground data prediction.

[0093] The downhole engineering parameter measurement sub includes a measurement module 11 , an electromagnetic wave receiving module 12 , a first decoding module 13 , a first encoding module 14 and a mud pulse transmitting module 15 .

[0094] The measuring module 11 is used to measure downhole engineering parameters in real time. For example, the measuring module 11 can be the measuring instrument in the MWD probe, the geological parameter measuring sub, or the engineering parameter measuring sub.

[0095] The electromagnetic wave receiving module 12 is used to receive the signal sequence sent by the ground data processing system via electromagnetic waves. For example, the electromagnetic wave receiving module 12 can be Figure 4 Electromagnetic wave receiving device in.

[0096] The first decoding module 13 is used to decode the signal sequence to obtain prediction data.

[0097] The first encoding module 14 is used to encode the real-time measurement data. For example, the first encoding module 14 may be an encoder built into the pulser in the MWD probe.

[0098] The mud pulse transmitting module 15 is used to convert the encoding result of the real-time measurement data into a mud pulse signal transmitted to the ground. For example, the mud pulse transmitting module 15 can be Figure 2 Valve control device for pulse generator.

[0099] The ground data processing system includes a data processing module 21 , a second encoding module 22 , an electromagnetic wave transmitting module 23 , a mud pulse receiving module 24 and a second decoding module 25 .

[0100] The data processing module 21 is used to determine the true value of the measurement data sent by the downhole engineering parameter measurement sub based on the received real-time measurement data and the predicted data sent to the downhole engineering parameter measurement sub for the most recent time; and predict the next real-time measurement data based on the true value of the latest received measurement data and the true value of the real-time measurement data sent by the downhole engineering parameter measurement sub received historically.

[0101] The second encoding module 22 is used to encode the prediction data.

[0102] The electromagnetic wave transmitting module 23 is used to convert the encoding result of the prediction data into an electromagnetic wave signal sent to the downhole engineering parameter measurement short section. Figure 4 The electromagnetic wave transmitting device in.

[0103] The mud pulse receiving module 24 is used to receive the mud signal sequence. For example, the mud pulse receiving module 24 can be Figure 1 Wellhead pressure sensor C in.

[0104] The second decoding module 25 is used to decode the mud signal sequence to obtain the data sent by the downhole engineering parameter measurement sub to the surface data processing system.

[0105] In some embodiments, a mud pulse receiving module is used to replace the electromagnetic wave receiving module 12 in the downhole engineering parameter measurement sub, and an electromagnetic wave transmitting module is used to receive the mud pulse transmitting module 15 in the downhole engineering parameter measurement sub. The mud pulse receiving module is used to receive the signal sequence sent by the ground data processing system through the mud pulse; the electromagnetic wave transmitting module is used to convert the encoding result of the real-time measurement data into an electromagnetic wave signal transmitted to the ground.

[0106] Accordingly, in some embodiments, a mud pulse transmitting module is used to replace the electromagnetic wave transmitting module 23 in the ground data processing system, and an electromagnetic wave receiving module is used to replace the electromagnetic wave receiving module in the ground data processing system to replace the mud pulse receiving module 24 in the ground data processing system. The mud pulse transmitting module is used to convert the encoding result of the predicted data into a mud signal sequence sent to the downhole engineering parameter measurement sub; the electromagnetic wave receiving module is used to receive the electromagnetic wave signal sent by the downhole engineering parameter measurement sub.

[0107] Although the present application has been described through embodiments, those skilled in the art will appreciate that there are many modifications and variations to the present application without departing from the spirit of the present application, and it is intended that the appended claims include these modifications and variations without departing from the spirit of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for rapid transmission of underground engineering parameters based on ground data prediction, characterized in that: include: Downhole engineering parameter measurement sub measures downhole engineering parameters in real time; Determine the difference between the real-time measurement data and the most recently received forecast data sent by the ground data processing system; sending the difference to a ground data processing system; After receiving the data sent by the downhole engineering parameter measurement sub, the ground data processing system determines the true value of the measurement data sent by the downhole engineering parameter measurement sub according to the reception result and the latest prediction data sent to the downhole engineering parameter measurement sub; The ground data processing system predicts the next real-time measurement data according to the latest received measurement data true value and the real-time measurement data true value received from the downhole engineering parameter measurement sub in the past, and sends the predicted data to the downhole engineering parameter measurement sub.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The downhole engineering parameter measurement sub adopts a mud pulse transmission system to send real-time measurement data to the surface data processing system; and / or, The ground data processing system sends the prediction data to the downhole engineering parameter measurement sub via an electromagnetic wave transmission system.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Before the downhole engineering parameter measurement sub determines the difference between the real-time measurement data and the latest predicted data received from the surface data processing system, it also includes: The downhole engineering parameter measurement sub repeatedly performs the following steps until the characteristic value data sent to the ground data processing system reaches a predetermined number: measuring the downhole engineering parameters in real time according to a preset frequency; after the real-time measurement data reaches a predetermined number, screening the real-time measurement data; determining the characteristic value data of the screening result, and sending the characteristic value data to the ground data processing system.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The characteristic value data is the median data in the screening result, or the average value of each data in the screening result.

5. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The ground data processing system predicts the next real-time measurement data according to the real value of the latest received measurement data and the real value of the real-time measurement data sent by the downhole engineering parameter measurement sub received in the past, including: Perform trend fitting on the real value of the latest received measurement data and the real-time measurement data sent by the downhole engineering parameter measurement sub received in the past, and obtain the fitting equation; The predicted data of the next real-time measurement result is obtained according to the fitting equation.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that If the sum of the real value of the measurement data most recently received by the ground data processing system and the real value of the real value of the real measurement data sent by the downhole engineering parameter measurement sub in the past is not enough to calculate the data trend, then wait for the next data sent by the downhole engineering parameter measurement sub; and / or, If the data sent by the downhole engineering parameter measurement sub for multiple consecutive times are not sufficient to calculate the data trend, manually input prediction data are received and sent to the downhole engineering parameter measurement sub.

7. A system for rapid transmission of underground engineering parameters based on ground data prediction, characterized in that: include: A downhole engineering parameter measurement subsection and a ground data processing system that implements the downhole engineering parameter rapid transmission method based on ground data prediction as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. A downhole engineering parameter measurement sub, characterized in that: Used to execute the method for rapid transmission of downhole engineering parameters based on ground data prediction as described in any one of claims 1 to 6; the downhole engineering parameter measurement subsection comprises: Measurement module, used to measure downhole engineering parameters in real time; An electromagnetic wave receiving module, used for receiving a signal sequence sent by the ground data processing system via electromagnetic waves; A first decoding module, used for decoding the signal sequence to obtain prediction data; A first encoding module, used for encoding real-time measurement data; The mud pulse transmitting module is used to convert the encoding result of the real-time measurement data into a mud pulse signal transmitted to the ground.

9. A ground data processing system, characterized in that: Used to execute the method for rapid transmission of downhole engineering parameters based on ground data prediction as described in any one of claims 1 to 6; the ground data processing system comprises: The data processing module is used to determine the true value of the measurement data sent by the downhole engineering parameter measurement sub according to the received real-time measurement data and the predicted data sent to the downhole engineering parameter measurement sub for the latest time; and predict the next real-time measurement data according to the true value of the latest received measurement data and the true value of the real-time measurement data sent by the downhole engineering parameter measurement sub received in the past; A second encoding module, used for encoding the prediction data; An electromagnetic wave transmitting module, used for converting the encoding result of the prediction data into an electromagnetic wave signal sent to the downhole engineering parameter measurement sub; A mud pulse receiving module, used for receiving a mud signal sequence; The second decoding module is used to decode the mud signal sequence to obtain data sent by the downhole engineering parameter measurement sub to the ground data processing system.

10. A downhole engineering parameter measurement sub, characterized in that: Used to execute the method for rapid transmission of downhole engineering parameters based on ground data prediction as described in any one of claims 1 to 6; the downhole engineering parameter measurement subsection comprises: Measurement module, used to measure downhole engineering parameters in real time; A mud pulse receiving module, used for receiving a signal sequence sent by the ground data processing system via a mud pulse; A first decoding module, used for decoding the signal sequence to obtain prediction data; A first encoding module, used for encoding real-time measurement data; The electromagnetic wave transmitting module is used to convert the encoding result of the real-time measurement data into an electromagnetic wave signal transmitted to the ground.

11. A ground data processing system, characterized in that: Used to execute the method for rapid transmission of downhole engineering parameters based on ground data prediction as described in any one of claims 1 to 6; the ground data processing system comprises: The data processing module is used to determine the true value of the measurement data sent by the downhole engineering parameter measurement sub according to the received real-time measurement data and the predicted data sent to the downhole engineering parameter measurement sub for the latest time; and predict the next real-time measurement data according to the true value of the latest received measurement data and the true value of the real-time measurement data sent by the downhole engineering parameter measurement sub received in the past; A second encoding module, used for encoding the prediction data; A mud pulse transmitting module, used for converting the coding result of the prediction data into a mud signal sequence sent to the downhole engineering parameter measurement sub; An electromagnetic wave receiving module, used for receiving the electromagnetic wave signal sent by the downhole engineering parameter measurement sub; The second decoding module is used to decode the electromagnetic wave signal to obtain data sent by the downhole engineering parameter measurement sub to the ground data processing system.

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