Experimental model and method for analyzing oil and gas dynamic reservoir formation based on physical simulation

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas accumulation physical simulation, and discloses an experimental model and a method for analyzing oil and gas dynamic accumulation based on physical simulation. Regarding the experimental model, the sand body layer in the box body simulates a reservoir or a conduction layer, and the kaolin layer simulates a regional cover layer; and the baffle plate is used for simulating thrust deformation. The method for analyzing oil and gas dynamic reservoir formation based on physical simulation comprises the following steps: converting a geological model of tectonic deformation and oil and gas geological conditions into an experimental model, and carrying out tectonic deformation and oil and gas migration physical simulation; evaluating a fault sealing performance evolution history; and performing space-time coupling analysis on structural evolution and oil-gas migration, and establishing an oil-gas dynamic reservoir forming mode. According to the technical scheme, the experimental model used for oil-gas migration simulation is not an artificially built static model; the process enhances the relation between tectonic deformation and oil-gas migration, and enhances the reliability of the experimental model and subsequent analysis. In addition, physical simulation of'structural deformation + oil-gas migration 'is realized, and complexity of synchronous development of two experiments is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of physical simulation of oil and gas accumulation, belongs to oil and gas geology, and specifically relates to an experimental model and a method for analyzing oil and gas dynamic accumulation based on physical simulation. Background Art

[0002] The thrust belts in the central and western regions have experienced multiple stages of superimposed deformation, and the oil and gas accumulation has the characteristics of "multi-stage accumulation, later adjustment, and three-dimensional oil content", making the spatial coupling relationship between structural style and oil and gas reservoirs, and the temporal coupling relationship between structural evolution and oil and gas migration and accumulation the core content of oil and gas exploration. Scholars used structural physical simulation, numerical simulation and other methods to analyze the controlling factors, structural style and deformation sequence of structural deformation in the thrust belt; then, they conducted a spatiotemporal coupling analysis of structural evolution, reservoir development history, source rock generation and expulsion history, and established a dynamic oil and gas accumulation model for the thrust belt. This provides important guidance and theoretical basis for oil and gas exploration, but the spatiotemporal coupling simulation of structural deformation and oil and gas migration and accumulation is still insufficient, and the control of the former on the latter remains more at the theoretical analysis level.

[0003] Among the existing technologies, oil and gas geochemical methods and oil and gas accumulation event matching methods are the most mature and widely used. Among them, commercial software has been developed for numerical simulation of oil and gas migration, which can realize three-dimensional simulation and is gradually used by scientific researchers. However, the physical simulation of oil and gas migration has developed relatively slowly and is still an important means to study the mechanism of oil and gas migration and accumulation, oil and gas transformation in superimposed basins, etc. In one aspect, the structural deformation is weakly correlated with oil and gas migration in the physical simulation experiment of oil and gas migration. Based on this, the present invention provides a sand body model and a method for analyzing the dynamic accumulation of oil and gas based on physical simulation. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present application provides an experimental model and a method for analyzing dynamic oil and gas accumulation based on physical simulation to solve the above-mentioned technical problem that the correlation between structural deformation and oil and gas migration is weak in the physical simulation experiment of oil and gas migration in the prior art.

[0005] According to one aspect of the present application, an embodiment provides an experimental model, which is used for physical simulation of structural deformation and oil and gas migration; the experimental model includes:

[0006] Box body, used for paving and filling sand layer and kaolin layer;

[0007] The sand body layer simulates a reservoir or a conducting layer, and the kaolin layer simulates a regional cap layer; a movable baffle is provided at one end of the box, and the baffle pushes the sand body layer and the kaolin layer to simulate the thrust deformation in nature.

[0008] In one embodiment, the box has a visible portion for observing the cross section of the sand body.

[0009] In one embodiment, the visible part is made of glass and is arranged on the side of the box.

[0010] In one embodiment, the experimental model further includes: an experimental platform; the box is arranged on the experimental platform, and the bottom of the box is hollowed out.

[0011] In one embodiment, the experimental model further comprises a driving mechanism; the driving mechanism is connected to the baffle plate and is used to push the baffle plate to move; and / or,

[0012] The experimental model also includes a constant flow pump; the constant flow pump is used to inject oil into the sand body and / or kaolin to simulate an oil source.

[0013] According to one aspect of the present application, an embodiment provides a method for analyzing oil and gas dynamic accumulation based on physical simulation, comprising the following steps:

[0014] S1. Establish a geological model of structural deformation and a geological model of oil and gas geological conditions in the study area;

[0015] S2. converting the geological model into an experimental model, and performing physical simulation of structural deformation and oil and gas migration based on the experimental model, and qualitatively analyzing the structural deformation and oil and gas migration characteristics;

[0016] S3. Evaluation of the evolution history of fault sealing, including quantitative evaluation of the evolution history of trap effectiveness in structural deformation simulation, and qualitative division of the stages of accumulation, adjustment and destruction in the evolution history of trap effectiveness in combination with the results of oil and gas migration simulation;

[0017] S4. Analyze the spatiotemporal coupling of structural evolution and oil and gas migration to establish a dynamic oil and gas accumulation model.

[0018] In one embodiment, the experimental model adopts the experimental model described in any one of claims 1-5.

[0019] In one embodiment, the geological model of structural deformation in the study area is established based on analyzing static geometric characteristics and dynamic kinematic characteristics; and / or,

[0020] The geological model of the oil and gas geological conditions in the study area is established based on the analysis of the development and evolution of source rocks, reservoirs and cap rocks in combination with the reservoir anatomy of typical wells.

[0021] In one embodiment, the analyzed static geometric features include one or more of a detachment layer, an unconformity surface, a fold morphology, and a fault combination pattern; and / or,

[0022] The analyzing dynamic kinematic features includes one or more of equilibrium profile and slip depth calculation.

[0023] In one embodiment, the physical simulation of structural deformation and oil and gas migration includes the following steps:

[0024] S21. Promote the simulation of natural thrust deformation of sand bodies and kaolin, and carry out physical simulation experiments of structural deformation;

[0025] S22. After step S21 is completed, an oil pipeline is inserted into the sand body and / or kaolin and oil is injected to simulate the secondary migration process of oil and gas.

[0026] Compared with the existing physical simulation technology, the technical solution of the above-mentioned embodiment of the present application uses an experimental model for oil and gas migration simulation, which is derived from the experimental results of structural deformation simulation, rather than an artificially constructed static model. The process of oil and gas migration simulation strengthens the connection between structural deformation and oil and gas migration, and enhances the reliability of the experimental model and subsequent analysis. In addition, the method of analyzing dynamic oil and gas accumulation based on physical simulation of the present invention, starting from the perspective of structural control of accumulation, indirectly realizes the physical simulation of "structural deformation + oil and gas migration" by inverting the spatiotemporal coupling relationship between structural evolution and oil and gas accumulation, thus avoiding the complexity of conducting two experiments simultaneously. This provides a new idea for the study of dynamic oil and gas accumulation in superimposed basins. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a flow chart of a method for analyzing oil and gas dynamic accumulation based on physical simulation in an embodiment;

[0028] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the design of an experimental model in an embodiment;

[0029] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of structural deformation (a), physical simulation results of oil and gas migration (b), and fault sealing evaluation results (c) in an embodiment.

[0030] Reference numerals:

[0031] 1- baffle, 2- glass, 3- experimental platform, 4- kaolin, 5- beach sand, 6- power shaft, 7- oil source. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0033] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only embodiments of a part of the present application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0034] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second" etc. in the present application are used to distinguish similar objects, and need not be used to describe a specific order or sequential order. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged in appropriate circumstances, so that the embodiments of the present application described here. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any of their variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, the process, method, system, product or equipment comprising a series of steps or units need not be limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or equipment.

[0035] It should be understood that when an element (such as a layer, film, region, or substrate) is described as being "on" another element, the element may be directly on the other element, or there may be an intermediate element. Moreover, in this application, when an element is described as being "connected" to another element, the element may be "directly connected" to the other element, or "connected" to the other element through a third element.

[0036] Embodiment 1

[0037] Please refer to Figure 2 , an embodiment provides an experimental model, which is used for physical simulation of structural deformation and oil and gas migration; the experimental model includes: a box; the box is used to flatten and fill sand layers and kaolin layers; wherein the sand layers simulate reservoirs or conductive layers, and the kaolin layers simulate regional cap layers; a movable baffle 1 is provided at one end of the box, and the baffle 1 pushes the sand layers and kaolin layers to simulate natural thrust deformation. Preferably, the experimental model also includes a driving mechanism; the driving mechanism is connected to the baffle 1, and is used to push the baffle 1 toward the other end of the box at a set propulsion rate to push the sand layers and kaolin layers. Further, in one embodiment, the propulsion rate can be set to 0.0275 mm / s. Optionally, a power shaft 6 is fixedly connected to the movable baffle 1. The power shaft 6 is used to pull or drive the baffle 1 to move.

[0038] In one embodiment, the sand layer is paved with beach sand 5 of about 80 meshes, and 4 layers are laid. Inside the box, 2.0 mm, 2.3 mm, and 2.4 mm thick 1250 mesh kaolin 4 are laid from bottom to top to form a kaolin layer. At the same time, the sand layer and the kaolin layer should be arranged in a staggered manner; that is, a sand layer is laid first, and then a kaolin layer is laid on the sand layer, and then a sand layer is laid, and so on.

[0039] In one embodiment, the box has a visible part for observing the cross section of the sand body. Optionally, the visible part is set as glass 2 and arranged on the side of the box. It is understandable that the visible part can be set as a transparent or translucent resin.

[0040] In one embodiment, the experimental model further includes: an experimental platform 3 ; the box is arranged on the experimental platform 3 , and the bottom of the box is hollowed out and in direct contact with the upper surface of the experimental platform 3 .

[0041] In one embodiment, the experimental model further includes a constant flow pump; the constant flow pump is used to inject oil into the sand body and / or kaolin 4 to simulate the oil source 7. Specifically, an oil delivery conduit is inserted into the sand body and / or kaolin 4, and the constant flow pump controls the oil injection according to a set rate and duration. The oil is generally soybean oil.

[0042] Embodiment 2

[0043] In view of the problems that structural deformation and oil and gas migration cannot be carried out synchronously and the correlation is weak in physical simulation experiments of oil and gas migration, the present invention proposes a method for analyzing dynamic oil and gas accumulation based on physical simulation.

[0044] Please refer to Figure 1 An embodiment provides a method for analyzing oil and gas dynamic accumulation based on physical simulation, comprising the following steps:

[0045] S1. Establish a geological model of structural deformation in the study area and a geological model of oil and gas geological conditions in the study area.

[0046] The geological model of structural deformation in the study area is established based on analyzing static geometric features and dynamic kinematic features. Generally, the analysis of static geometric features includes one or more of detachment layers, unconformity surfaces, fold morphology, and fault combination patterns.

[0047] Wherein, the analysis of dynamic kinematic characteristics includes one or more of equilibrium profile and slip depth calculation.

[0048] S2. The geological model is converted into an experimental model according to the similarity principle, and physical simulation of structural deformation and oil and gas migration is performed based on the experimental model to qualitatively analyze the structural deformation and oil and gas migration characteristics.

[0049] In one embodiment, in the above physical simulation of structural deformation and oil and gas migration, a sand body (which may be quartz sand) and kaolin are used to carry out a physical simulation experiment of structural deformation; after completion, an oil pipeline is inserted into the source rock layer to simulate the secondary migration process of oil and gas. Specifically, the following sub-steps are included:

[0050] S21. Promote the simulation of natural thrust deformation of sand bodies and kaolin, and carry out physical simulation experiments of structural deformation;

[0051] S22. After step S21 is completed, an oil pipeline is inserted into the source rock layer (sand body and / or kaolin) and oil is injected to simulate the secondary migration process of oil and gas.

[0052] Furthermore, after the completion of the above two groups of simulation experiments, the structural deformation and oil and gas migration characteristics can be qualitatively analyzed.

[0053] S3. Evaluation of the evolution history of fault closure, including quantitative evaluation of the evolution history of trap effectiveness in structural deformation simulation, and qualitative division of the stages of accumulation, adjustment and destruction in the evolution history of trap effectiveness in combination with the results of oil and gas migration simulation.

[0054] In other words, factors such as fault mud ratio, fault throw, and mudstone smear factor are selected to quantitatively evaluate the evolution history of trap effectiveness in structural deformation experiments. Combined with the results of oil and gas migration experiments, the stages of accumulation, adjustment, and destruction in the evolution history of trap effectiveness are qualitatively divided.

[0055] S4. Spatiotemporal coupling analysis of tectonic evolution and oil and gas migration, that is, matching the actual oil and gas secondary migration time with the tectonic evolution stage, inverting the spatiotemporal characteristics of oil and gas migration, accumulation, and adjustment in the study area, and establishing a dynamic oil and gas accumulation model, so as to predict favorable oil and gas distribution zones.

[0056] The experimental model used in this technical solution can be the experimental model described in the above-mentioned embodiment 1.

[0057] The method of analyzing oil and gas dynamic accumulation based on physical simulation of the present invention intends to carry out physical simulation of "structural deformation first and then oil and gas migration" on the basis of structural deformation and oil and gas geological modeling, and further establish oil and gas dynamic accumulation model by qualitatively and quantitatively evaluating the evolution history of fault closure in the experiment, inverting the spatiotemporal coupling relationship between structural evolution and oil and gas migration, accumulation and adjustment. The method of the present invention is a physical practice of the oil and gas accumulation event matching method, which can supplement the data reliability of the oil and gas geochemical method and strengthen the connection between the macro oil and gas geological background and accumulation traces and microscopic phenomena.

[0058] Embodiment 3

[0059] Please refer to Figure 1-Figure 3An embodiment provides a method for analyzing oil and gas dynamic accumulation based on physical simulation, which is explained below through a case to facilitate further understanding of its technical solution.

[0060] Imbricate structure and dual structure are common structural styles in thrust belts, and both are developed into thrust wedges. The thrust wedge is affected by factors such as sedimentation, erosion, and pre-existing structures, and develops forward-spreading, backward-spreading, or disordered thrusts, but it still extends from the orogenic belt to the basin as a whole, developing forward-spreading or piggyback-type thrust sequences. Therefore, the present invention uses the forward-spreading thrust wedge as a geological model to carry out physical simulation of structural deformation. In terms of oil and gas geological conditions, thrust belts generally develop regional cap rocks, reservoirs, and source rocks, and the reservoir-forming assemblage is mainly of the lower generation and upper storage type. Therefore, the present invention carries out physical simulation of oil and gas migration of the lower generation and upper storage type to explore the controlling effect of structural deformation on oil and gas migration and accumulation.

[0061] (1) Physical simulation of structural deformation

[0062] The experimental model is designed as follows: the overall length of the experimental model is about 144 mm, the width is 200 mm, and the height is 30 mm; the power shaft 6 on the right side of the sand body pushes the baffle 1, and the baffle 1 pushes the sand body, thereby simulating the thrust deformation in nature ( Figure 2 a). The sand body in the model uses about 80 mesh beach sand 5 to simulate the reservoir or conduction layer; 1250 mesh kaolin 4 with a thickness of 2.0 mm, 2.3 mm, and 2.4 mm is laid from bottom to top to simulate the regional cap layer ( Figure 2 b). According to the experimental materials and the similarity principle, the relationship between the time and displacement rate similarity ratio is uncertain, and the propulsion rate of the power shaft 6 can be set to 0.0275 mm / s.

[0063] The geometric analysis of the physical simulation experiment of structural deformation shows that there are three faults in the thrust wedge, and the fault style gradually evolves from plate to shovel and slope flat, and the thrust sequence is forward-spreading; kaolin smears and fills the fault zone, and the continuity gradually deteriorates with the evolution of the fault. In terms of kinematics, the evolution of faults is gradual and staged. The early structural style is plate-like, with unchanged dip and increased fault throw; the later structural style is shovel-like, with increased fault dip and rapid increase in fault throw; the late structural style is slope flat, with basically unchanged fault throw and dip.

[0064] (2) Physical simulation of oil and gas migration

[0065] After the structural physical simulation experiment, soybean oil was injected into the deep position of the rear edge to simulate the oil and gas accumulation process from lower generation to upper storage; the injection port simulated the oil source, the sand body layer simulated the lateral channel and reservoir of oil and gas migration, and the kaolin layer simulated the regional cap rock ( Figure 2b) During the experiment, the injection of soybean oil was controlled by a constant flow pump at a rate of 0.2 ml / min, and the experiment ran for a total of 114 minutes. A smaller injection rate can avoid destroying the existing structural deformation and reduce the boundary effect of soybean oil migration along the glass.

[0066] The results of physical simulation experiments on oil and gas migration show that fault F5 is completely closed to soybean oil, fault F3 is semi-open-semi-closed, and fault F1 is completely open, indicating that the fault sealing capacity of the rear edge of the thrust wedge is weaker than that of the front edge; soybean oil migrates vertically at the rear edge of the thrust wedge and forms oil seeps after migrating to the shallow surface; the middle section migrates vertically and horizontally, and the fault is the migration channel of the shallow oil and gas reservoir; the front edge migrates horizontally and the migration distance is relatively long.

[0067] The closure or opening mechanism of faults in different traps is different. Although kaolin is smeared and filled in the faults in traps 1a, 1b, and 1c, the long-term evolution of the faults has led to a large dip angle, shallow burial, convex cross section, and low cross section pressure, so the faults are open. The kaolin in the faults in traps 2a and 2b is significantly smeared, and the continuity of the upper section is stronger than that of the lower section, resulting in the smear closure of the upper section of the fault and the opening of the lower section; the fault in trap 2c is dislocated kaolin, and no smear is developed under the conditions of shallow burial and low pressure, so the fault is open. The fault in trap 3a is dislocated kaolin and no smear is developed, but the kaolin in the upper and lower walls are still in contact, and a mudstone tight closure and healing closure can be formed under high pressure in the deep part; the kaolin in the faults in traps 3b and 3c is not dislocated, forming a mudstone butt closure.

[0068] (3) Quantitative evaluation of fault closure evolution history

[0069] The effectiveness of structural closure in the experiment depends on the fault sealing. Therefore, the present invention analyzes the oil and gas migration and adjustment process by quantitatively evaluating the evolution history of fault sealing. There are many geological factors that affect the fault sealing. The present invention selects the cross-section pressure, fault dip, fault distance, mudstone smear factor (SSF), and the mud content of the fault filling (Rm), and adopts a multi-factor comprehensive evaluation method to quantitatively evaluate the sealing of the fault in the structural deformation experiment. The mathematical model is as follows Figure 2 c. After the quantitative evaluation, the fault sealing evolution stages should be qualitatively divided based on the results of the oil and gas migration simulation experiment.

[0070] The closure scores of faults in the structural deformation simulation experiment were calculated every 30 seconds. Combined with the analysis of the physical simulation experiment of oil and gas migration, the results showed that the closure of the front fault was stronger than that of the rear fault, which was spatially coupled with the distribution of oil and gas; the closure of the fault gradually decreased with evolution and eventually tended to be stable; at the same time, the closure of the front fault of the thrust belt was higher than that of the rear fault; for the same fault, the closure of the middle section was the strongest and the closure of the lower section was the weakest, which was conducive to the drainage of the lower section and the closure of the middle section; combined with the results of the oil and gas migration experiment, the evolution of fault closure can be divided into three stages: closed, semi-closed-semi-open, and open ( Figure 3 c).

[0071] (4) Analysis of spatiotemporal coupling between tectonic evolution and oil and gas migration

[0072] The above oil and gas migration simulation was carried out after the structural deformation experiment was completed, so it is impossible to analyze the migration and accumulation characteristics of oil and gas when the two sets of experiments were simulated simultaneously. If the impact of soybean oil injection on structural deformation is not considered, theoretically, the spatiotemporal coupling relationship between fault evolution and secondary oil and gas migration can be inverted based on the evolution history of fault closure, and a dynamic oil and gas accumulation model can be established:

[0073] Mode 1: In stage I, soybean oil is continuously injected into the sand body, and the closure of fault F1 evolves from closed to open. After soybean oil enters traps 1a, 1b, and 1c, it will experience accumulation, adjustment, and destruction, and eventually an ancient oil reservoir will develop at fault F1. The closure of fault F3 evolves from closed to semi-closed, and soybean oil enters traps 2a, 2b, and 2c and experiences accumulation and adjustment. A small-scale oil reservoir will develop at fault F3. Fault F5 is closed, and soybean oil enters traps 3a, 3b, and 3c and then accumulates. In this mode, the evolution of the three faults synchronously controls the fault closure and soybean oil migration and accumulation, which can be called the "synchronous mode". This mode is developed in thrust belts such as Daba Mountain, the northern margin of Qaidam, and the southern section of Longmen Mountain.

[0074] Mode 2: In stage II, soybean oil is continuously injected into the sand body, and the closure of fault F1 will evolve from semi-closed to open. Soybean oil may migrate directly to the surface of the sand body along fault F1 to form oil seedlings, or it may migrate to the surface of the sand body after a short accumulation; Fault F3 is semi-closed, and soybean oil is locally accumulated in traps 2a, 2b, and 2c, and part of it migrates to the surface of the sand body to form oil seedlings. The closure of fault F5 and the accumulation history of related traps are the same as those in mode 1. In this mode, the traps at faults F1 and F3 are adjusted, and oil and gas develop "three migrations", which can be called the "adjustment mode". This mode is developed in the Mi Cangshan, Beitianshan and Kuche thrust belts.

[0075] Mode 3: Soybean oil was continuously injected into the sand body from the beginning of stage II, and the fault F1 was opened. The soybean oil migrated vertically along the fault directly to the surface of the sand body to form oil seedlings, and no ancient oil and gas reservoirs were developed at the fault F1. The closure of faults F3 and F5 and the accumulation history of related closures are the same as those in mode 2. In this mode, the closure of the faults is basically not adjusted, and the oil and gas reservoirs have not undergone "tertiary migration", which can be called the "no adjustment mode". This mode is developed in the thrust belts of Hasan and the northern section of Longmenshan.

[0076] The experimental model used in this technical solution is the experimental model described in the above-mentioned embodiment 1.

[0077] Embodiment 4

[0078] Please refer to Figure 1 , an embodiment provides a method for analyzing dynamic oil and gas accumulation based on physical simulation, which can avoid the complexity of simultaneous physical simulation of "structural deformation + oil and gas migration".

[0079] The method of analyzing oil and gas dynamic accumulation based on physical simulation is briefly described as follows:

[0080] (1) Designing an experimental model based on structural deformation and oil and gas geological conditions, in which quartz sand is used to simulate the reservoir or conducting layer and kaolin is used to simulate the cap layer;

[0081] (2) First, a structural deformation simulation was carried out. After the experiment, soybean oil was injected into the sand body to simulate oil source hydrocarbon expulsion and to simulate oil and gas migration.

[0082] (3) quantitatively evaluate the evolution history of fault closure;

[0083] (4) Based on the quantitative evaluation of the evolution history of fault closure, the spatiotemporal coupling relationship between structural evolution and the history of trap development and hydrocarbon expulsion is analyzed to invert the dynamic hydrocarbon accumulation model.

[0084] Among them, the experimental model used in this technical solution can be the experimental model described in the above-mentioned embodiment one.

[0085] The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An experimental model, characterized in that: The experimental model is used for physical simulation of structural deformation and oil and gas migration; the experimental model includes: Box body, used for paving and filling sand layer and kaolin layer; The sand body layer simulates a reservoir or a conducting layer, and the kaolin layer simulates a regional cap layer; a movable baffle is provided at one end of the box, and the baffle pushes the sand body layer and the kaolin layer to simulate the thrust deformation in nature.

2. An experimental model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The box body has a visible part for observing the cross section of the sand body.

3. An experimental model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The visible part is made of glass and is arranged on the side of the box.

4. An experimental model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The experimental model further comprises: an experimental platform; the box is arranged on the experimental platform, and the bottom of the box is hollowed out.

5. An experimental model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The experimental model further includes a driving mechanism; the driving mechanism is connected to the baffle plate and is used to push the baffle plate to move; and / or, The experimental model also includes a constant flow pump; the constant flow pump is used to inject oil into the sand body and / or kaolin to simulate an oil source.

6. A method for analyzing oil and gas dynamic accumulation based on physical simulation, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Establish a geological model of structural deformation and a geological model of oil and gas geological conditions in the study area; S2. converting the geological model into an experimental model, and performing physical simulation of structural deformation and oil and gas migration based on the experimental model, and qualitatively analyzing the structural deformation and oil and gas migration characteristics; S3. Evaluation of the evolution history of fault sealing, including quantitative evaluation of the evolution history of trap effectiveness in structural deformation simulation, and qualitative division of the stages of accumulation, adjustment and destruction in the evolution history of trap effectiveness in combination with the results of oil and gas migration simulation; S4. Analyze the spatiotemporal coupling of structural evolution and oil and gas migration to establish a dynamic oil and gas accumulation model.

7. The method for analyzing oil and gas dynamic accumulation based on physical simulation according to claim 6, characterized in that: The experimental model adopts the experimental model described in any one of claims 1-5.

8. A method for analyzing oil and gas dynamic accumulation based on physical simulation according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: The geological model of structural deformation in the study area is established based on analyzing static geometric characteristics and dynamic kinematic characteristics; and / or, The geological model of the oil and gas geological conditions in the study area is established based on the analysis of the development and evolution of source rocks, reservoirs and cap rocks in combination with the reservoir anatomy of typical wells.

9. The method for analyzing oil and gas dynamic accumulation based on physical simulation according to claim 8, characterized in that: The analyzed static geometric features include one or more of a detachment layer, an unconformity surface, a fold morphology, and a fault combination pattern; and / or, The analyzing dynamic kinematic features includes one or more of equilibrium profile and slip depth calculation.

10. A method for analyzing oil and gas dynamic accumulation based on physical simulation according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: The physical simulation of structural deformation and oil and gas migration includes the following steps: S21. Promote the simulation of natural thrust deformation of sand bodies and kaolin, and carry out physical simulation experiments of structural deformation; S22. After step S21 is completed, an oil pipeline is inserted into the sand body and / or kaolin and oil is injected to simulate the secondary migration process of oil and gas.

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