Vertical shaft tunneling device and method and engineering machinery

Abstract

The invention discloses a vertical shaft tunneling device and method and engineering machinery, and the vertical shaft tunneling device comprises a telescopic unit for controlling the tunneling depth of a vertical shaft; the pushing and gathering unit is connected with the telescopic unit and used for controlling the vertical shaft tunneling radius; and the milling unit is connected with the pushing and gathering unit and is used for cutting the to-be-excavated surface of the vertical shaft. The preparation work before vertical shaft excavation is reduced, the working efficiency and safety are improved, the labor cost is reduced, meanwhile, the device can adapt to tunneling of sections with different diameters, and the purposes that excavation is conducted at any time when the device arrives, and safety and high efficiency are achieved are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of engineering machinery, and in particular relates to a shaft excavation device, method and engineering machinery. Background Art

[0002] In the field of shaft construction in hydropower stations, underground mines and other projects, traditional construction methods such as reverse drilling, caisson and drilling and blasting require preparation work such as horizontal channel excavation, support structure installation or manual climbing tank drilling. At the same time, there are dangerous factors such as spalling and slag falling in the process of shaft excavation. The above situation causes problems such as large workload in the early stage of traditional shaft excavation, low safety factor and high labor cost. In addition, with the diversification of shaft section diameter requirements, it is difficult for existing construction devices or methods to adjust them efficiently, flexibly and at low cost. Therefore, how to develop a tunneling device that can be "dug as you go", safe and efficient, and adaptable to a variety of sections has naturally become a difficult problem that technicians in the field of shaft construction need to solve urgently. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a shaft excavation device, method and engineering machinery, which reduce the preparatory work before shaft excavation, improve work efficiency and safety, and reduce labor costs. At the same time, it can adapt to the excavation of sections with different diameters, achieving the purpose of "excavation as you go", safety and efficiency.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: In a first aspect, a shaft excavation device is provided, comprising: a telescopic unit for controlling the shaft excavation depth; a pushing unit connected to the telescopic unit and used to control the shaft excavation radius; and a milling unit connected to the pushing unit and used to cut the shaft excavation surface.

[0005] Furthermore, the telescopic unit comprises: a terminal telescopic arm provided with a fixed connection device; a first telescopic arm for connecting the pushing unit; and a plurality of intermediate telescopic arms arranged between the terminal telescopic arm and the first telescopic arm.

[0006] Furthermore, the pushing unit comprises: a mounting base, which is connected to the telescopic unit through a large rotating mechanism; a boom, one end of which is hinged to the mounting base; an arm, one end of which is hinged to the other end of the boom, and the other end of which is hinged to the milling unit; a cylinder one, one end of which is hinged to the mounting base, and the other end of which is hinged to the boom; a cylinder two, one end of which is hinged to the boom, and the other end of which is hinged to the arm; a cylinder three, one end of which is hinged to the arm, and the other end of which is hinged to the milling unit through a connecting rod mechanism.

[0007] Furthermore, the milling unit comprises: a small rotary mechanism, one end of which is hinged to the pushing unit via an ear plate; and a milling wheel, which is connected to the other end of the small rotary mechanism.

[0008] Furthermore, there are two sets of the pushing units, which are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the telescopic unit, and each set of the pushing units is respectively installed with a set of milling units.

[0009] In a second aspect, a construction machine is provided, wherein the construction machine is equipped with the shaft excavation device described in the first aspect.

[0010] In a third aspect, a shaft excavation method is provided, based on the engineering machinery described in the second aspect, the method comprising: Step 1: Adjust the angle of the shaft excavation device to ensure that the shaft excavation device is always in a direction perpendicular to the shaft excavation surface; Step 2: Adjust the pushing unit to change the shaft excavation radius until the shaft excavation radius is consistent with the design parameters; Step 3, starting the telescopic unit and the milling unit to excavate the surface to be excavated in the shaft; Step 4: After the excavation reaches the set depth, the large rotary mechanism in the pushing unit is started, and the milling unit uses the central axis of the telescopic unit as the rotation axis to perform circumferential excavation on the first layer of the shaft according to the current excavation radius until the circumferential excavation under the current excavation radius is completed; After the outermost circle of the first layer of the shaft is excavated, adjust the excavation radius according to step 2, and then excavate the second outer circle of the first layer of the shaft according to steps 3 and 4. Repeat steps 2 to 4 until there is a cylinder in the center of the first layer of the shaft that cannot be directly reached by the milling unit. Step 5: Start the small rotary mechanism in the milling unit, so that the milling wheel in the milling unit faces the cylinder, and the pushing unit drives the milling unit to approach the cylinder. At the same time, the engineering machinery drives the shaft excavation device to swing back and forth along the movement direction of the milling unit until the cylinder is completely cut. At this point, the single-layer excavation of the shaft is completed; Repeat steps 1 to 5 to excavate the second, third, and Nth layers of the shaft until the shaft reaches its designed depth.

[0011] Furthermore, in step one, the shaft excavation device is hinged to the pitch cylinder of the engineering machinery through the fixed connection device in the telescopic unit, and the angle of the shaft excavation device is adjusted by adjusting the pitch cylinder.

[0012] Furthermore, in step two, the milling wheel in the milling unit is adjusted to the set position by adjusting the stroke of cylinder one and cylinder two in the telescopic unit, and then the milling wheel is leveled by adjusting cylinder three in the telescopic unit until the distance between the outer edge boundary of the milling wheel and the center axis of the telescopic unit meets the design conditions, that is, the shaft excavation radius is consistent with the design parameters.

[0013] Furthermore, in step three, the telescopic unit is first started so that the bottom of the milling wheel is against the surface of the shaft to be excavated, and then the built-in motor of the milling wheel is started, the milling wheel works, and at the same time, the telescopic unit continues to advance until the excavation reaches the set depth.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are as follows: the present invention reduces the preparation work before shaft excavation, improves work efficiency and safety, reduces labor costs, and can adapt to excavation of sections with different diameters, thereby achieving the purpose of "excavation as you go", safety and efficiency, by arranging a telescopic unit for controlling the excavation depth of the shaft; a pushing unit connected to the telescopic unit for controlling the excavation radius of the shaft; and a milling unit connected to the pushing unit for cutting the surface to be excavated of the shaft. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a shaft excavation device provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 Is configured with Figure 1 The overall structural diagram of the excavator of the shaft excavation device shown; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the main process flow of a shaft excavation method provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a top view of a single-layer excavation construction sequence in a shaft excavation method provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 1 , Figure 2 In: 1. Fixed connection device; 2. Mounting base; 3. Large slewing mechanism; 4. First section telescopic arm; 5. Middle section telescopic arm; 6. Last section telescopic arm; 7. Cylinder one; 8. Boom; 9. Cylinder two; 10. Arm; 11. Cylinder three; 12. Small slewing mechanism; 13. Milling wheel; 14. Pitch cylinder; 15. Large arm. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

[0017] Embodiment 1 A shaft excavation device comprises: a telescopic unit for controlling the shaft excavation depth; a pushing unit connected to the telescopic unit for controlling the shaft excavation radius; and a milling unit connected to the pushing unit for cutting the shaft excavation surface.

[0018] like Figure 1 As shown, the telescopic unit includes: a terminal telescopic arm 6 provided with a fixed connection device 1; a first telescopic arm 4 for connecting the pushing unit; and a plurality of intermediate telescopic arms 5 arranged between the terminal telescopic arm 6 and the first telescopic arm 4.

[0019] The number and stroke of the telescopic arms can be adjusted according to the actual working conditions to meet the excavation depth requirements of the shaft. The main function of the telescopic unit is to control the vertical extension of the pushing unit and the milling unit to facilitate the cutting of the rock on the shaft face to achieve the purpose of shaft excavation.

[0020] The pushing unit comprises: a mounting base 2, a large rotary mechanism 3, a cylinder 1 7, a movable arm 8, a cylinder 2 9, a bucket arm 10 and a cylinder 3 11.

[0021] The mounting base 2 is fixedly connected to one end of the first telescopic arm 4 in the telescopic unit through a large slewing mechanism 3; the main function of the large slewing mechanism 3 is to realize 360° rotation of the milling wheel 13, thereby realizing horizontal circumferential cutting of the rock formation.

[0022] One end of the boom 8 is hinged to the mounting base 2; one end of the arm 10 is hinged to the other end of the boom 8, and the other end of the arm 10 is hinged to one end of the small rotary mechanism 12 in the milling unit; one end of the cylinder 17 is hinged to the mounting base 2, and the other end of the cylinder 17 is hinged to the boom 8; one end of the cylinder 29 is hinged to the boom 8, and the other end of the cylinder 29 is hinged to the arm 10; one end of the cylinder 3 11 is hinged to the arm 10, and the other end of the cylinder 3 11 is hinged to one end of the small rotary mechanism 12 in the milling unit through a connecting rod mechanism.

[0023] In the present invention, the mounting base 2 is hinged to the ends of the cylinder 17 and the boom 8 respectively through the ear plates on both sides. The front end of the cylinder 17 is hinged to the middle part of the boom 8, the front end of the boom 8 is hinged to the end of the stick 10, the rear end of the cylinder 29 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the boom 8, and the front end of the cylinder 29 is hinged to the lower end of the stick 10. The cylinder 17 can achieve the up and down pitching of the boom 8 through the extension and contraction of the stroke, and the cylinder 29 can achieve the left and right pushing and retracting of the stick 10 through the extension and contraction of the stroke. Overall, the stroke control of the cylinder 17 and the cylinder 29 of the pushing unit can realize the horizontal movement of the milling wheel 13 in the milling unit, and then realize the control of the shaft excavation radius, so as to achieve the improvement of the adaptability of the cross-sectional size.

[0024] The rear end of the oil cylinder three 11 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the boom 10, and the front end of the oil cylinder three 11 is connected to the milling unit through a connecting rod mechanism. The oil cylinder three 11 adjusts the angle of the milling wheel 13 by changing the stroke.

[0025] The milling unit includes a small rotary mechanism 12 and a milling wheel 13, and the milling wheel 13 is connected to the other end of the small rotary mechanism 12. The upper part of the small rotary mechanism 12 is connected to the oil cylinder 3 11 through an ear plate and a connecting rod mechanism. The small rotary mechanism 12 can realize 360° rotation of the milling wheel 13, thereby realizing fine adjustment of the angle of the milling wheel 13 in the horizontal plane.

[0026] The surface of the milling wheel 13 is covered with raised picks, and the milling wheel 13 is driven to rotate by a built-in motor, thereby cutting the rock on the contact surface.

[0027] In the present invention, there are two sets of pushing units, which are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the telescopic unit, and each set of pushing units is respectively equipped with a set of milling units.

[0028] Embodiment 2 Based on the shaft excavation device described in the first embodiment, this embodiment provides an engineering machine, wherein the engineering machine is equipped with the shaft excavation device described in the first embodiment, such as Figure 2 shown.

[0029] Embodiment 3 Based on the engineering machinery described in the second embodiment, this embodiment provides a shaft excavation method. The engineering machinery includes an excavator. The shaft excavation method of the present invention is described below using an excavator equipped with the shaft excavation device described in the first embodiment as an example.

[0030] Before the shaft excavation begins, the shaft excavation device needs to be connected to the front hinge points of the pitch cylinder 14 and the boom 15 of the excavator body through the upper and lower holes on the ear plate of the fixed connection device 1, such as Figure 2 The pitch cylinder 14 of the excavator can adjust the angle of the shaft excavation device to ensure that the shaft excavation device remains vertical in the vertical direction.

[0031] Step 1: Adjust the angle of the shaft excavation device to ensure that the shaft excavation device is always in a direction perpendicular to the shaft excavation surface to meet the design requirements.

[0032] An excavator equipped with a shaft boring device ( Figure 2 ) to a predetermined position, and then the shaft excavation device is angle-adjusted by the pitch cylinder 14 to ensure that the shaft excavation device is always in a direction perpendicular to the shaft face.

[0033] Step 2: Adjust the pushing unit to change the shaft excavation radius until the shaft excavation radius is consistent with the design parameters.

[0034] According to the shaft excavation diameter parameters provided by the design unit, the milling wheels 13 on both sides are adjusted to the appropriate position by driving the oil cylinder 1 7 to retract the stroke and the oil cylinder 2 9 to extend the stroke, and then the angle of the milling wheel 13 is leveled by the oil cylinder 3 11, such as Figure 2 When the distance between the outer edges of the milling wheels 13 on both sides is the same as the designed diameter parameter, the adjustment of the oil cylinder is stopped.

[0035] Step three, start the telescopic unit and the milling unit to excavate the surface to be excavated in the shaft.

[0036] By running the telescopic unit, the bottom of the milling wheels 13 on both sides is pressed against the excavation surface of the shaft. Then, the built-in motor of the milling wheel 13 is started to make the milling wheel 13 work in a high-speed rotation state. At the same time, the telescopic unit maintains a dynamic follow-up slow extension state to ensure that the milling wheel 13 and the excavation surface of the shaft are tightly compacted. Figure 3 Steps of A: ① Figure 4 As shown in A-1.

[0037] Step 4: After the milling wheel 13 is excavated downward and submerged in the surface rock layer (i.e., after excavation to the set depth), the large rotary mechanism 3 in the pushing unit is immediately started, so that the milling wheels 13 on both sides rotate counterclockwise with the central axis of the telescopic unit as the rotation axis, and the first layer of the shaft is excavated circumferentially according to the current excavation radius until the circumferential excavation under the current excavation radius is completed (i.e., the circumferential rock layer is cut completely), as shown in FIG. Figure 3 Step sequence of A in the middle ②, Figure 4 As shown in A-2.

[0038] After the outermost circle of the first layer of the shaft is excavated, first adjust the excavation radius according to step 2 (i.e. adjust the milling wheels 13 on both sides to the secondary outer layer), and then excavate the secondary outer circle of the first layer of the shaft according to steps 3 and 4. Repeat steps 2 to 4 until a small cylinder that cannot be directly reached by the milling unit remains in the center of the first layer of the shaft (i.e., a small rock column that cannot meet the counterclockwise rotation cutting of the milling wheels 13 on both sides).

[0039] Step 5: Figure 3 As shown in B, first, according to step ①, start the small rotary mechanism 12 in the milling unit, adjust the milling wheels 13 on both sides to face the rock column, so that the milling wheels 13 in the milling unit face the cylinder to form a clamping force. Figure 3 Step sequence of middle B②, Figure 4As shown in B, the pushing unit drives the running milling wheel 13 in the milling unit to approach the cylinder to form opposite cutting. At the same time, the pitch cylinder 14 of the excavator drives the shaft excavation device to slowly swing back and forth along the movement direction of the milling unit. During the process, cylinder 1 7 and cylinder 2 9 are in a linkage state to ensure that the front sides of the milling wheels 13 are always tightly compacted with the surface of the rock column until the cylinder is completely cut. At this point, the shaft excavation device completes the single-layer excavation of the shaft.

[0040] Repeat steps 1 to 5, according to Figure 4 As shown in the single-layer excavation sequence diagram, the second layer, the third layer, and so on, of the shaft are excavated until the shaft reaches the designed depth, and then the telescopic unit is retracted, as shown in FIG. Figure 3 As shown in D.

[0041] The present invention adopts the construction concept of "layered excavation and progressive advancement", which can achieve flexible adaptation to vertical shaft sections of different sizes, and has the characteristics of convenient installation, high safety factor and high construction efficiency, meeting the operation demand of "dig as you go", and is particularly suitable for vertical shaft excavation in soft rock formations. It can efficiently complete the rapid and convenient excavation of vertical shafts, and ultimately demonstrates the operation goals of strong cross-section adaptability and high construction efficiency.

[0042] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shaft excavation device, characterized in that: include: Telescopic units for controlling the depth of shaft excavation; A pushing unit connected to the telescopic unit and used to control the shaft excavation radius; A milling unit connected to the pushing unit is used to cut the surface to be excavated in the shaft.

2. The shaft boring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The telescopic unit comprises: A distal telescopic arm (6) provided with a fixed connection device (1); A first telescopic arm (4) for connecting the pushing unit; A plurality of intermediate telescopic arms (5) are arranged between the last telescopic arm (6) and the first telescopic arm (4).

3. The shaft boring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pushing unit comprises: A mounting base (2), wherein the mounting base (2) is connected to the telescopic unit via a large rotary mechanism (3); A movable arm (8), one end of the movable arm (8) being hinged to the mounting base (2); A boom (10), one end of the boom (10) being hinged to the other end of the boom (8), and the other end of the boom (10) being hinged to the milling unit; Oil cylinder one (7), one end of the oil cylinder one (7) is hinged to the mounting base (2), and the other end of the oil cylinder one (7) is hinged to the boom (8); Oil cylinder 2 (9), one end of the oil cylinder 2 (9) is hinged to the boom (8), and the other end of the oil cylinder 2 (9) is hinged to the boom (10); Oil cylinder three (11), one end of the oil cylinder three (11) is hinged to the boom (10), and the other end of the oil cylinder three (11) is hinged to the milling unit via a connecting rod mechanism.

4. The shaft boring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The milling unit comprises: A small rotating mechanism (12), one end of the small rotating mechanism (12) being hinged to the pushing unit via an ear plate; A milling wheel (13), wherein the milling wheel (13) is connected to the other end of the small rotary mechanism (12).

5. The shaft boring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are two sets of the pushing units, which are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the telescopic unit, and each set of the pushing units is respectively equipped with a set of milling units.

6. An engineering machine, characterized in that: The engineering machinery is equipped with the shaft boring device according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

7. A vertical shaft excavation method, characterized in that: Based on the engineering machinery according to claim 6, the method comprises: Step 1: Adjust the angle of the shaft excavation device to ensure that the shaft excavation device is always in a direction perpendicular to the shaft excavation surface; Step 2: Adjust the pushing unit to change the shaft excavation radius until the shaft excavation radius is consistent with the design parameters; Step 3, starting the telescopic unit and the milling unit to excavate the surface to be excavated in the shaft; Step 4: After the excavation reaches the set depth, the large rotary mechanism (3) in the pushing unit is started, and the milling unit uses the central axis of the telescopic unit as the rotation axis to perform circumferential excavation on the first layer of the shaft according to the current excavation radius until the circumferential excavation under the current excavation radius is completed; After the outermost circle of the first layer of the shaft is excavated, adjust the excavation radius according to step 2, and then excavate the second outer circle of the first layer of the shaft according to steps 3 and 4. Repeat steps 2 to 4 until there is a cylinder in the center of the first layer of the shaft that cannot be directly reached by the milling unit. Step 5, starting the small rotary mechanism (12) in the milling unit, so that the milling wheel (13) in the milling unit faces the cylinder, the pushing unit drives the milling unit to approach the cylinder, and at the same time the engineering machinery drives the shaft excavation device to swing back and forth along the movement direction of the milling unit until the cylinder is completely cut, thereby completing the single-layer excavation of the shaft; Repeat steps 1 to 5 to excavate the second, third, and Nth layers of the shaft until the shaft reaches its designed depth.

8. The shaft excavation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step one, the shaft excavation device is hingedly connected to the pitch cylinder (14) of the engineering machinery via the fixed connection device (1) in the telescopic unit, and the angle of the shaft excavation device is adjusted by adjusting the pitch cylinder (14).

9. The shaft excavation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step 2, the milling wheel (13) in the milling unit is first adjusted to a set position by adjusting the strokes of the oil cylinder 1 (7) and the oil cylinder 2 (9) in the telescopic unit, and then the milling wheel (13) is leveled by adjusting the oil cylinder 3 (11) in the telescopic unit until the distance between the outer edge of the milling wheel (13) and the central axis of the telescopic unit meets the design conditions, that is, the shaft excavation radius is consistent with the design parameters.

10. The shaft excavation method according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step three, the telescopic unit is first started so that the bottom of the milling wheel (13) is against the surface to be excavated in the shaft, and then the built-in motor of the milling wheel (13) is started, the milling wheel (13) works, and at the same time, the telescopic unit continues to advance until the excavation reaches the set depth.

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