Intelligent energy-absorbing anchor rod and monitoring system with same

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent energy absorption anchor rod and a monitoring system with the intelligent energy absorption anchor rod, the intelligent energy absorption anchor rod comprises an anchor head (110) and a rod body (120), the intelligent energy absorption anchor rod further comprises a first energy absorption assembly (130), the first energy absorption assembly (130) is arranged on the side, away from the anchor head (110), of the rod body (120) and comprises a first tray (131) and a second tray (132), the first tray (131) and the second tray (132) are fixedly connected to the rod body (120), the first tray (131) is configured to be used for absorbing impact force brought by surrounding rock deformation, and the second tray (132) is configured to be used for transmitting pressure applied to the rod body (120) by surrounding rock deformation; the sensing assembly (140) is configured to be used for sensing parameters of rock mass instability; and the data acquisition assembly (150) is coupled with the sensing assembly (140) and is configured to receive the sensing signal from the sensing assembly (140) and predict the safety of the surrounding rock based on the sensing signal.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of rock engineering equipment such as tunnels and mines, and in particular to an intelligent energy-absorbing anchor rod and a monitoring system having the same. Background Art

[0002] Problems such as high ground pressure and high ground temperature that occur during the excavation of deep buried tunnels seriously threaten the safety of underground construction and production. In this complex rock mechanics environment, some tunnels may experience large-scale stress concentration and cause rock instability accidents such as spalling, roof collapse, rock burst, and large deformation. Metal mines belong to hard rock deposits. After the excavation of the rock layer, the originally uniformly distributed stress is released and redistributed, generating a new secondary stress field and forming a new concentrated stress area. In addition, the key parameters of the tunnel surrounding rock cannot be mastered and processed in time, resulting in the inability to issue early warnings for potential rock bursts and other problems.

[0003] Based on the above problems, the current mainstream anchor support method usually uses high-strength anchors, high-strength anchoring agents and other methods to improve its own anchoring force, or adds pressure relief devices to the anchors to enhance its own support capabilities. However, the above methods often have problems such as high material costs, a large number of solutions are not targeted, and the actual results are often not as good as those of indoor tests. Especially for areas with high rock burst tendency, in addition to support requirements, there is also a lack of key and timely parameter acquisition and processing. Relevant personnel in the field usually use various external sensors to monitor key parameters, which has high economic and labor costs, and the acquisition method is relatively simple. There is little integration of intelligent energy-absorbing anchors and monitoring and early warning systems. Summary of the invention

[0004] In response to the problems and needs raised above, this solution proposes an intelligent energy-absorbing anchor rod, which can achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives and bring about many other technical effects by adopting the following technical features.

[0005] One object of the present invention is to provide an intelligent energy-absorbing anchor rod, comprising an anchor head and a rod body, and further comprising:

[0006] A first energy absorbing assembly is arranged on a side of the rod body away from the anchor head, comprising: a first tray and a second tray fixedly connected to the rod body, wherein the first tray is configured to absorb the impact force caused by the deformation of the surrounding rock, and the second tray is configured to transmit the pressure applied to the rod body by the deformation of the surrounding rock;

[0007] a sensing assembly configured to sense a parameter of rock mass instability;

[0008] A data acquisition component, coupled to the sensing component, configured to receive a sensing signal from the sensing component and predict the safety of the surrounding rock based on the sensing signal;

[0009] Wherein, the sensing component comprises:

[0010] A pressure sensor is configured to record and monitor the stress information of the anchor rod and the surrounding rock, and transmit the stress information of the anchor rod and the surrounding rock to the data acquisition component;

[0011] A displacement sensor configured to monitor the micro-displacement information of the anchor rod and the surrounding rock, and transmit the displacement information of the anchor rod and the surrounding rock to the data acquisition component;

[0012] The microseismic sensor is configured to monitor the fracture information of the anchor rod and the surrounding rock, and transmit the fracture information of the anchor rod and the surrounding rock to the data acquisition component.

[0013] In addition, the intelligent energy-absorbing anchor rod according to the present invention may also have the following technical features:

[0014] In one example of the present invention, the outer diameter of the first tray is smaller than the outer diameter of the second tray, and the first tray and the second tray are arranged in sequence along the extension direction of the rod body, wherein the first tray is close to one side of the anchor head.

[0015] In an example of the present invention, a first mounting hole and a second mounting hole are respectively formed on the first tray and the second tray;

[0016] The rod body is provided with the first mounting hole and the second mounting hole;

[0017] When the anchor rod is installed in the drilled hole, the side of the first energy absorbing component close to the anchor head abuts against the outer wall of the drilled hole, and a fastener is provided on the side of the first energy absorbing component away from the anchor head, configured to fix the first tray and the second tray.

[0018] In an example of the present invention, the first tray is an elastic energy absorbing member configured to absorb the impact force caused by the deformation of the surrounding rock, so as to mitigate the impact of the deformation of the surrounding rock on the anchor rod.

[0019] In one example of the present invention, the first tray comprises:

[0020] A housing defines a receiving cavity therein;

[0021] An elastic support member is arranged in the accommodating cavity along the transverse direction, and one end of the elastic support member abuts against the first end surface, and the other end of the elastic support member abuts against the second end surface;

[0022] The porous medium is filled in the containing cavity.

[0023] In one example of the present invention, it also includes: a second energy absorbing component installed on a side of the rod body close to the anchor head, the second energy absorbing component is a decoupling material piece, which is configured to absorb and disperse the stress concentration caused by the deformation of the surrounding rock.

[0024] In one example of the present invention, the second energy absorbing component comprises:

[0025] The polymer layer is coated on the outer side of the rod body and is configured to provide decoupling, wear resistance and corrosion resistance to the rod body.

[0026] In one example of the present invention, the hardness of the second energy absorbing component gradually decreases from a side close to the anchor head toward a side away from the anchor head.

[0027] In one example of the present invention, the sensing component further includes:

[0028] A sleeve is sleeved on the outer side of the rod body and is detachably connected to the rod body, wherein the microseismic sensor, the displacement sensor and the pressure sensor are all installed in the sleeve.

[0029] Another object of the present invention is to provide a monitoring system for mine tunnels, comprising the intelligent energy-absorbing anchor rods as described above, wherein the intelligent energy-absorbing anchor rods are arranged in an array along the circumferential direction and the extension direction of the mine tunnel.

[0030] The best embodiment for carrying out the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings so that the features and advantages of the present invention can be easily understood. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, wherein the drawings are only used to illustrate some embodiments of the present invention, but not to limit all embodiments of the present invention thereto.

[0032] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of an intelligent energy-absorbing anchor according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of an intelligent energy-absorbing anchor rod installed in a drill hole according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a first tray according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of a second tray according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] List of reference numerals:

[0037] Intelligent energy-absorbing anchor 100;

[0038] Anchor head 110;

[0039] Rod body 120;

[0040] A first energy absorbing component 130;

[0041] A first tray 131;

[0042] Housing 1311;

[0043] First end face 13111;

[0044] Second end surface 13112;

[0045] Accommodating chamber 13113;

[0046] First mounting hole 13114;

[0047] Elastic support member 1312;

[0048] porous media 1313;

[0049] A second tray 132;

[0050] Metal material element 1321;

[0051] Second mounting hole 13211;

[0052] polymer material element 1322;

[0053] Fastener 133;

[0054] Sensing component 140;

[0055] Pressure sensor 141;

[0056] Displacement sensor 142;

[0057] Microseismic sensor 143;

[0058] Sleeve 144;

[0059] Data collection component 150;

[0060] Data collector 151;

[0061] A second energy absorbing assembly 160;

[0062] polymer layer 161;

[0063] Drilling 200;

[0064] Outer side wall 210. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0065] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the technical solution of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the drawings of specific embodiments of the present invention. The same figure marks in the drawings represent the same parts. It should be noted that the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the described embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0066] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used herein shall have the usual meanings understood by persons of ordinary skill in the field to which the present invention belongs. The words "first", "second" and similar words used in the patent application specification and claims of the present invention do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Similarly, words such as "one" or "one" do not necessarily indicate a quantity limitation. Words such as "include" or "comprise" mean that the elements or objects appearing before the word include the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Words such as "connect" or "connected" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0067] According to the first aspect of the present invention, an intelligent energy absorbing anchor 100 is Figure 1 As shown, it includes an anchor head 110 and a rod body 120, and also includes:

[0068] The first energy absorbing assembly 130 is arranged on a side of the rod body 120 away from the anchor head 110, and includes: a first tray 131 and a second tray 132 fixedly connected to the rod body 120, wherein the first tray 131 is configured to absorb the impact force caused by the deformation of the surrounding rock, and the second tray 132 is configured to transmit the pressure applied to the rod body 120 by the deformation of the surrounding rock;

[0069] A sensing assembly 140 configured to sense parameters of rock mass instability;

[0070] The data acquisition component 150 is coupled to the sensing component 140 and configured to receive a sensing signal from the sensing component 140 and predict the safety of the surrounding rock based on the sensing signal; specifically, the data acquisition component 140 includes a data collector 151, which receives the sensing signal and processes the sensing signal to predict the safety of the surrounding rock;

[0071] Wherein, the sensing component 140 includes:

[0072] The pressure sensor 141 is configured to record and monitor the stress information of the anchor rod and the surrounding rock, and transmit the stress information of the anchor rod and the surrounding rock to the data acquisition component 150;

[0073] The displacement sensor 142 is configured to monitor the micro displacement information of the anchor rod and the surrounding rock, and transmit the displacement information of the anchor rod and the surrounding rock to the data acquisition component 150;

[0074] The microseismic sensor 143 is configured to monitor the fracture information of the anchor rod and the surrounding rock, and transmit the fracture information of the anchor rod and the surrounding rock to the data acquisition component 150 .

[0075] The intelligent energy-absorbing anchor 100 is fixedly connected to the borehole 200 of the surrounding rock. When the surrounding rock deforms and brings impact force, the first tray 131 of the first energy-absorbing component 130 absorbs the impact force brought by the deformation of the surrounding rock, and the second tray 132 transmits the pressure applied by the deformation of the surrounding rock to the rod body 120. After the first tray 131 finishes absorbing energy, the rod body 120 coated with the decoupling material absorbs energy for the second time to absorb and disperse the stress brought by the deformation of the surrounding rock. At the same time, the pressure sensor 141, displacement sensor 142 and microseismic sensor 143 located on the rod body 120 respectively sense the force information, displacement information and vibration information of the instability of the surrounding rock, and transmit them to the data acquisition component 150. The data acquisition component 150 establishes a data analysis model based on the sensing signal to analyze and evaluate the monitoring data in real time. Through data comparison and analysis, the stability of the surrounding rock is evaluated and early warning is carried out to ensure timely response to the changes in the surrounding rock.

[0076] In one example of the present invention, the outer diameter of the first tray 131 is smaller than the outer diameter of the second tray 132, and the first tray 131 and the second tray 132 are arranged in sequence along the extension direction of the rod body 120, wherein the first tray 131 is close to one side of the anchor head 110;

[0077] In short, when the local stress changes and the tunnel surrounding rock is damaged, the first tray 131 and the second tray 132 at the rear end of the rod body 120 first come into contact, and the first tray 131 absorbs the compressive stress of the tunnel surrounding rock for the first time due to the properties of the material;

[0078] That is to say, the side of the first tray 131 close to the anchor head 110 is abutted against the outer wall 210 of the borehole 200, and the second tray 132 is connected to the side of the first tray 131 away from the anchor head 110. When the surrounding rock around the borehole 200 is deformed, the first tray 131 first contacts the surrounding rock, and can absorb the impact force caused by the deformation of the surrounding rock, and can withstand large displacement and deformation to reduce the impact of the deformation of the surrounding rock on the anchor rod, thereby extending the service life of the anchor rod; and the second tray 132 can increase the structural stability and durability to withstand the high stress and impact pressure when the anchor rod is under force.

[0079] In one example of the present invention, Figure 2 As shown, the first tray 131 and the second tray 132 are respectively provided with a first mounting hole 13114 and a second mounting hole 13211;

[0080] The rod body 120 is provided with the first mounting hole 13114 and the second mounting hole 13211;

[0081] When the anchor rod is installed in the borehole 200, the side of the first energy absorbing component 130 close to the anchor head 110 abuts against the outer side wall 210 of the borehole 200, and the side of the first energy absorbing component 130 away from the anchor head 110 is provided with a fastener 133, which is configured to fix the first tray 131 and the second tray 132;

[0082] In short, after the anchor rod located in the borehole 200 is fixed, since the first energy absorbing assembly 130 is located outside the borehole, by setting a fastener 133 (for example, a nut is threadedly sleeved on the outer wall of the rod body 120), the tightness between the first energy absorbing assembly 130 and the outer wall 210 of the borehole 200 can be adjusted by screwing the fastener 133, so that the first energy absorbing assembly 130 can better resist the outer wall 210 of the borehole 200.

[0083] In an example of the present invention, the first tray 131 is an elastic energy-absorbing member configured to absorb the impact force caused by the deformation of the surrounding rock to mitigate the impact of the deformation of the surrounding rock on the anchor rod; the second tray 132 is assembled from a polymer material element 1322 and a metal material element 1321.

[0084] Since the first tray 131 is made of elastic material, it can absorb the impact force caused by the deformation of the surrounding rock and can withstand larger displacement and deformation to reduce the impact of the deformation of the surrounding rock on the anchor rod, thereby extending the service life of the anchor rod; and the second tray 132 is made of hard material, which can increase the structural stability and durability to withstand the high stress and impact pressure when the anchor rod is under force.

[0085] In one example of the present invention, Figure 3As shown, the first tray 131 includes:

[0086] The housing 1311 defines a receiving chamber 13113 therein;

[0087] The elastic support member 1312 is arranged in the accommodating cavity 13113 along the transverse direction, and one end of the elastic support member 1312 is abutted against the first end surface 13111, and the other end of the elastic support member 1312 is abutted against the second end surface 13112;

[0088] A porous medium 1313 is filled in the accommodating cavity 13113;

[0089] By arranging an elastic support member 1312 in the accommodating cavity 13113, a supporting effect can be achieved and the shell 1311 can have an elastic buffering effect, wherein the first end face 13111 abuts against the outer wall, and the second end face 13112 abuts against the second tray; and the porous medium 1313 can further enhance the buffering effect of the first tray.

[0090] For example, the shell 1311 may be a plastic part, and the elastic support part 1312 contained therein may be a spring, and the porous medium 1313 may be a sponge.

[0091] In one example of the present invention, Figure 4 As shown, the second tray 132 includes:

[0092] A metal material element 1321 and a polymer material is connected to the metal material element 1321 by injection molding to form a polymer material element 1322; wherein the metal material element 1321 is the skeleton structure of the second pallet 132, and the polymer material element 1322 is formed on the metal material element 1321 so that the second pallet 132 has a certain rigidity, which can increase the structural stability and durability to withstand the high stress and impact pressure when the anchor rod is under force.

[0093] Of course, the present invention is not limited to this, and the second tray 132 can also be a metal part or a plastic part; non-ferrous metal anchor tray is a widely used anchor fixing device at present, and commonly used metal materials include steel, copper, aluminum, etc., with the following characteristics: 1. Steel material: high hardness, high strength, and high reliability. 2. Pure copper material: good electrical and thermal conductivity, strong corrosion resistance, suitable for humid environments. 3. Aluminum alloy material: light, high strength, corrosion resistance, recyclable, but relatively high price. Plastic anchor tray, plastic anchor tray is a relatively new type of anchor fixing device, commonly used materials include polyester resin, polyurethane and wear-resistant plastic, suitable for special environments, with the following characteristics: 1. Strong wear resistance, anti-aging, high temperature resistance, good corrosion resistance, can be used for a long time. 2. Lightweight and easy to install. 3. Relatively low price. Regarding other materials anchor trays, in addition to the above non-ferrous metals and plastic materials, there are many other materials of anchor trays, such as rubber, silicone rubber, polyimide and other materials, but because of their special physical properties, they are relatively limited in practical applications. In summary, many factors need to be considered when choosing the material of the anchor tray, such as the use environment, anchor diameter, load-bearing capacity, etc. Only by choosing the right material can the stability and reliability of the anchor be guaranteed.

[0094] In one example of the present invention, a plurality of protrusions are formed on an end surface of the first tray 131 close to the anchor head 110, and a plurality of protrusion arrays are arranged on the end surface of the first tray 131;

[0095] By providing a protruding structure on the end surface of the first tray 131, the friction between it and the outer wall 210 of the borehole 200 can be increased, the contact area with the surrounding rock can be increased, and it can be ensured that the force applied to the deformation of the surrounding rock can be more evenly transmitted to the anchor rod.

[0096] In one example of the present invention, it further includes: a second energy absorbing component 160, which is installed on a side of the rod body 120 close to the anchor head 110, and the second energy absorbing component 160 is a decoupling material member, which is configured to absorb and disperse the stress concentration caused by the deformation of the surrounding rock;

[0097] When the local stress changes and the tunnel surrounding rock is damaged, the first tray 131 and the second tray 132 at the rear end of the rod body 120 first come into contact with the surrounding rock. After the first tray 131 finishes absorbing energy, the rod body 120 coated with the decoupling material then absorbs and disperses the stress caused by the deformation of the surrounding rock.

[0098] In one example of the present invention, the second energy absorbing component 160 includes:

[0099] The polymer layer 161 is coated on the outside of the rod body 120 and is configured to provide decoupling, wear resistance and corrosion resistance to the rod body 120. The second energy absorbing component 160 with the above structure can be used to absorb and disperse the stress caused by the deformation of the surrounding rock. For example, the material of the polymer layer 161 is a thermoplastic material or a high-strength tape.

[0100] In one example of the present invention, the hardness of the second energy absorbing component 160 gradually decreases from a side close to the anchor head 110 toward a side away from the anchor head 110;

[0101] That is, the second energy absorbing component 160 is a multilayer structure made of a mixture of polymer and rubber, and its hardness gradually decreases from the side close to the anchor head 110 to the side away from the anchor head 110. Such a structure can gradually absorb and disperse the stress caused by the deformation of the surrounding rock.

[0102] In one example of the present invention, the sensing component 140 further includes:

[0103] A sleeve 144, which is sleeved on the outside of the rod body 120 and detachably connected to the rod body 120, wherein the microseismic sensor 143, the displacement sensor 142 and the pressure sensor 141 are all installed in the sleeve 144;

[0104] The sleeve 144 can protect the microseismic sensor 143 , the displacement sensor 142 and the pressure sensor 141 .

[0105] According to the second aspect of the present invention, a monitoring system for a mine tunnel comprises the intelligent energy absorbing anchor rods 100 as described above, wherein the intelligent energy absorbing anchor rods 100 are arranged in an array along the circumferential direction and the extension direction of the mine tunnel.

[0106] By arranging multiple intelligent energy-absorbing anchors 100 in the tunnel, the tunnel can be effectively monitored. The entire anchor support process has the functions of wave buffering and double energy absorption. It can also form an overall joint support of the anchor group, forming multiple functions such as effective monitoring and early warning.

[0107] The exemplary implementation of the intelligent energy-absorbing anchor rod 100 proposed in the present invention is described in detail above with reference to the preferred embodiments. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that, without departing from the concept of the present invention, various modifications and variations can be made to the above-mentioned specific embodiments, and various technical features and structures proposed in the present invention can be combined in various ways without exceeding the protection scope of the present invention, which is determined by the attached claims.

Claims

1. An intelligent energy-absorbing anchor rod, comprising an anchor head (110) and a rod body (120), characterized in that: Also includes: A first energy absorbing assembly (130) is arranged on a side of the rod body (120) away from the anchor head (110), and comprises: a first tray (131) and a second tray (132) fixedly connected to the rod body (120), wherein the first tray (131) is configured to absorb impact force caused by deformation of surrounding rocks, and the second tray (132) is configured to transmit pressure exerted by deformation of surrounding rocks to the rod body (120); A sensing assembly (140) configured to sense a parameter of rock mass instability; A data acquisition component (150) coupled to the sensing component (140) and configured to receive a sensing signal from the sensing component (140) and predict the safety of the surrounding rock based on the sensing signal; Wherein, the sensing component (140) comprises: A pressure sensor (141) is configured to record and monitor the stress information of the anchor rod and the surrounding rock, and transmit the stress information of the anchor rod and the surrounding rock to the data acquisition component (150); A displacement sensor (142) configured to monitor micro-displacement information of the anchor rod and surrounding rock, and transmit the displacement information of the anchor rod and surrounding rock to the data acquisition component (150); The microseismic sensor (143) is configured to monitor the fracture information of the anchor rod and the surrounding rock, and transmit the fracture information of the anchor rod and the surrounding rock to the data acquisition component (150).

2. The intelligent energy-absorbing anchor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer diameter of the first tray (131) is smaller than the outer diameter of the second tray (132), and the first tray (131) and the second tray (132) are arranged in sequence along the extension direction of the rod body (120), wherein the first tray (131) is close to one side of the anchor head (110).

3. The intelligent energy-absorbing anchor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first tray (131) and the second tray (132) are respectively provided with a first mounting hole (13114) and a second mounting hole (13211); The rod body (120) is provided with the first mounting hole (13114) and the second mounting hole (13211); When the anchor rod is installed in the drill hole (200), the side of the first energy absorbing component (130) close to the anchor head (110) abuts against the outer wall (210) of the drill hole (200), and a fastener (133) is provided on the side of the first energy absorbing component (130) away from the anchor head (110), which is configured to fix the first tray (131) and the second tray (132).

4. The intelligent energy-absorbing anchor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first tray (131) is an elastic energy-absorbing member configured to absorb the impact force caused by the deformation of the surrounding rock, so as to mitigate the impact of the deformation of the surrounding rock on the anchor rod.

5. The intelligent energy-absorbing anchor rod according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first tray (131) comprises: A housing (1311) defines a receiving chamber (13113) therein; An elastic support member (1312) is arranged in the accommodating cavity (13113) along the transverse direction, and one end of the elastic support member is abutted against the first end surface (13111), and the other end of the elastic support member is abutted against the second end surface (13112); The porous medium (1313) is filled in the containing cavity (13113).

6. The intelligent energy-absorbing anchor according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes: a second energy absorbing component (160) installed on a side of the rod body (120) close to the anchor head (110); the second energy absorbing component (160) is a decoupling material piece configured to absorb and disperse stress concentration caused by surrounding rock deformation.

7. The intelligent energy-absorbing anchor according to claim 6, characterized in that: The second energy absorbing component (160) comprises: The polymer layer (161) is coated on the outside of the rod body (120) and is configured to provide decoupling, wear resistance and corrosion resistance to the rod body (120).

8. The intelligent energy-absorbing anchor according to claim 6, characterized in that: The hardness of the second energy absorbing component (160) gradually decreases from a side close to the anchor head (110) toward a side away from the anchor head (110).

9. The intelligent energy-absorbing anchor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensing component (140) further includes: A sleeve (144) is sleeved on the outside of the rod body (120) and is detachably connected to the rod body (120), wherein the microseismic sensor (143), the displacement sensor (142) and the pressure sensor (141) are all installed in the sleeve (144).

10. A monitoring system for mine tunnels, characterized in that: It comprises the intelligent energy absorbing anchor rod (100) as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, and the intelligent energy absorbing anchor rod (100) is arranged in an array along the circumferential direction and the extension direction of the mine tunnel.

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