Method for checking angle of upward fan-shaped blast hole in underground mine

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for checking the angle of an upward fan-shaped blast hole in an underground mine. A designed and developed blast hole angle measuring instrument comprises an angle sensor (2) mounted in a carbon fiber tube (1); the angle sensor (2) is led out from the lower end of the carbon fiber tube (1) through a data transmission line (4) and is connected with a digital touch display screen (7) positioned outside the blast hole; the lower ends of the carbon fiber tubes (1) are connected with combined rods (5), and a plurality of combined rods (5) are connected one by one in a simple sleeve mode. During measurement, the depth in a blast hole is determined by recording the mark of the red electrical adhesive tape (6) on the combined rod (5), and angle data displayed by the digital touch display screen (7) is recorded once every 1m. According to the method, the drilling quality can be fed back in time, the blasting parameters can be adjusted, the blasting block can be reduced by 5%, and the open blasting root bottom is reduced; the method can be widely applied to engineering blasting fields of surface mines, underground mines and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of mine blasting and mining, and specifically relates to a blasthole angle measurement method, which is particularly suitable for checking whether the angle of upward fan-shaped blastholes in underground mines is deviated, and can be widely used in upward fan-shaped deep holes in underground mines or open-pit deep hole blasting. Background Art

[0002] The inclination angle of blastholes is an important parameter that affects the quality of blasting. The accuracy of blasthole inclination angle measurement will directly affect the quality and effect of blasting. The inclination angle parameter of blastholes reflects the spatial relative position relationship between blastholes and is an important parameter for the actual test and acceptance of blastholes. If the inclination angle does not meet the standard, on the one hand, the size of collapsed ore and rock will be uneven, the shoveling efficiency will be reduced, and the unit consumption of explosives for secondary crushing of ore and rock will be increased; on the other hand, it is not conducive to the realization of micro-difference blasting of blastholes, resulting in blasthole refusal accidents, affecting mine safety. Therefore, it is very important to ensure that the inclination angle of blastholes meets the standard. Usually, a blasthole angle measuring device is used to measure the inclination angle of blastholes. Especially in the process of underground mine blasting, drilling construction is a key link, which is directly related to the cost and effect of blasting and affects the efficiency of subsequent shoveling, especially for underground mines that use upward fan-shaped deep hole blasting. If the inclination angle does not meet the design requirements, that is, the relative position relationship of the blasthole space does not conform to the design, on the one hand, it will make the size of the collapsed ore and rock uneven, reduce the shoveling efficiency, and increase the unit consumption of explosives for secondary crushing of ore and rock; on the other hand, it is not conducive to the realization of micro-difference blasting of blastholes. Delayed detonation of blastholes will be affected by the blast wave or flying rocks generated by the early detonation of blastholes, which may cause blasthole refusal accidents and affect the safe production of mines. Therefore, blasthole measurement, especially the measurement of blasthole inclination angle in the construction of medium-deep holes and deep holes, is an indispensable process.

[0003] Most large mines at home and abroad use upward fan-shaped medium-deep hole blasting, with a blasthole depth of 20 to 35 meters. Each blasthole forms a fan-shaped blasting area according to the designed angle. The blasthole angle is deflected due to the influence of drill rod mechanical bending, top and bottom plate flatness, rock layer changes, etc. When the blasthole is greatly deflected, if the blasting parameters cannot be adjusted in time, the large blocks produced after the blasting will increase significantly, which not only affects the shoveling efficiency, but also has an adverse effect on subsequent crushing and grinding, resulting in an increase in overall production costs.

[0004] At present, gyroscopes, wave velocity methods, magnetic acceleration inclinometers, rod-type anti-magnetic blasthole inclinometers, etc. are commonly used in China to carry out blasthole angle measurement. However, the current upward fan-shaped deep hole angle measurement has the following problems:

[0005] (1) Existing blasthole measurement equipment is mostly used in open-pit mines. Due to the magnetic interference of the ore body, the measurement equipment has low measurement accuracy;

[0006] (2) Existing measurement equipment is expensive and easily damaged. When measuring blastholes in underground mines, the equipment is often stuck in the hole due to gravel or blasthole collapse and cannot be retrieved. Therefore, it cannot be widely promoted and applied in underground mines.

[0007] Chinese utility model patent 202322953845.X discloses a blast hole angle measuring device for open-air medium and deep hole blasting, including a protractor, the back of the protractor is rotatably connected to a measuring rod through a rotating shaft, and the bottom of the measuring rod is fixedly connected to an adjustment mechanism; wherein the adjustment mechanism also includes a support rod fixed to the bottom of the protractor, the middle of the support rod is fixedly connected to a level meter, and the front of the support rod is provided with a mounting groove. The utility model, through the cooperation between the support rod, the level meter, the mounting groove and the adjustment assembly, makes the protractor and the surface of the blast hole on a 180-degree horizontal axis, so as to ensure that the measuring rod is at the axis position. Through this arrangement, the consistency of the axis during measurement is achieved, the phenomenon of the measuring rod being offset is prevented, and the detection accuracy of the blast hole inclination is further improved. However, the measurement accuracy of this mechanical measuring device is not high, and it is difficult to apply when checking the angle of the fan-shaped blast hole in underground mines. Summary of the invention

[0008] The present invention aims to solve the above problems existing in the prior art and provides a method for checking the angle of upward fan-shaped blastholes in underground mines, which is simple to operate, accurate in measurement, low in cost and easy to maintain. The method can timely feedback the blasthole angle deviation, adjust the blasting parameters, improve the blasting effect, and improve the safety and efficiency of mine blasting.

[0009] To achieve the above-mentioned object of the present invention, a method for checking the angle of upward fan-shaped blastholes in underground mines of the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:

[0010] The invention discloses a method for checking the angle of an upward fan-shaped blasthole in an underground mine. The developed blasthole angle measuring instrument comprises a carbon fiber tube, an angle sensor, and a digital touch display screen. The angle sensor is fixed in the middle of the carbon fiber tube by a fixing screw, and the angle sensor is led out from the lower end of the carbon fiber tube by a data transmission line and connected to the digital touch display screen located outside the blasthole, so as to transmit the measured blasthole angle to the digital touch display screen in real time. A combination rod is connected to the lower end of the carbon fiber tube, and a plurality of combination rods are connected one by one in a simple casing method to meet the blasthole depth requirement and facilitate the delivery of the carbon fiber tube to the bottom of the blasthole. When in use, the data transmission line is first inserted into the angle sensor. The angle sensor is then fixed in the middle of the carbon fiber tube with a fixing screw, and the data transmission line is connected downward along the combination rod through the lower end of the carbon fiber tube; the operator uses the combination rod to send the carbon fiber tube into the upward fan-shaped blasthole, and the depth of the blasthole is determined by recording the red electrical tape mark on the combination rod during measurement, and the angle data displayed on the digital touch screen is recorded every 1m; after each blasthole test, the data records are sorted, and the data of each measuring point is input into the designed blasthole coordinate system using CAD to draw the actual blasthole trajectory; by comparing the actual blasthole trajectory with the designed blasthole position, the angle deviation between the actual blasthole and the designed blasthole can be observed.

[0011] Preferably, the upper end of the carbon fiber tube is in a plugging shape; the carbon fiber tube is a circular tube structure with a length of 900-1100 mm, and the outer diameter of the carbon fiber tube is 9-13 mm smaller than the diameter of the blast hole.

[0012] Preferably, the combination rod is 2 meters long, the middle part is marked with red electrical tape, and multiple combination rods use simple casings.

[0013] Furthermore, the length of the carbon fiber tube is 1000 mm, and the outer diameter of the carbon fiber tube is 10 mm smaller than the diameter of the blast hole.

[0014] The combined rod is preferably made of PVC material with an outer diameter of 20 mm and a wall thickness of 1 mm.

[0015] In actual use, connect all the components, use the combination rod to send the carbon fiber tube up along the hole, pause every 1 meter, and record the angle reading on the digital touch screen after the angle displayed on the screen stabilizes.

[0016] The method for checking the angle of upward fan-shaped blastholes in underground mines of the present invention adopts the above technical solution, which specifically has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] (1) The developed blasthole angle measuring instrument is not only suitable for measuring the angle of upward fan-shaped deep holes in underground mines, but also can be used for measuring the angle of blastholes in open-pit deep hole blasting. It can provide timely feedback on the drilling quality and adjust the blasting parameters. It can also reduce the blasting block rate by more than 5% and significantly reduce the open-pit blasting foundation.

[0018] (2) The blasthole angle measuring instrument is made of carbon fiber tube and angle sensor, which is very light and easy to maintain and operate.

[0019] (3) The distance between the carbon fiber tube and the two sides of the borehole wall is only 5.5 mm. According to trigonometric calculations, the maximum deviation angle of the inclinometer in the borehole is 0.53°, which is a very small error.

[0020] (4) When measuring, readings are taken every 1 meter, which reduces the overall error and makes the overall borehole angle more accurate.

[0021] (5) The blast hole angle measuring instrument can measure the angle values ​​in the X and Y directions respectively. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the blasthole angle measuring instrument designed and developed for the present invention.

[0023] Figure numerals: 1-carbon fiber tube; 2-angle sensor; 3-fixing screw; 4-data connection line; 5-combination rod; 6-red electrical tape; 7-digital touch display screen. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] To better describe the present invention, a method for checking the angle of upward fan-shaped blastholes in underground mines according to the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0025] Depend on Figure 1The structural schematic diagram of the blasthole angle measuring instrument designed and developed by the present invention is shown in the structural schematic diagram. In the embodiment, the blasthole angle measuring instrument designed and developed by the present invention includes a carbon fiber tube 1, an angle sensor 2, and a digital touch display screen 7, and the upper end of the carbon fiber tube 1 is blocked. The angle sensor 2 is fixed in the middle of the interior of the carbon fiber tube 1 by a fixing screw 3, and the angle sensor 2 is led out from the lower end of the carbon fiber tube 1 through a data transmission line 4 and connected to the digital touch display screen 7 located outside the blasthole; a combination rod 5 is connected to the lower end of the carbon fiber tube 1, and multiple combination rods 5 are connected one by one in a simple sleeve manner. When in use, the data transmission line 4 is first inserted into the interface of the angle sensor 2, and then the angle sensor 2 is fixed in the middle of the interior of the carbon fiber tube 1 with two fixing screws 3. The data transmission line 4 is connected downward along the combination rod 5 through the other end of the carbon fiber tube 1. The angle measurement part is connected by the combination rod 5. Red electrical tape 6 is tied to the midpoint of each combination rod 5 to facilitate the subsequent recording of the blasthole depth. The data transmission line 4 is connected to the digital touch display screen 7 located outside the blasthole along the combination rod 5.

[0026] The carbon fiber tube 1 has an outer diameter of 65 mm and a wall thickness of 2 mm. The characteristic is that the length of the carbon fiber tube 1 is 1 m, and the difference between the measured blasthole diameter and the outer diameter of the carbon fiber tube 1 is 11 mm. As the measured blasthole diameter increases, the diameter of the carbon fiber tube also increases; the maximum measurement error in the blasthole can be controlled within ±0.53°. The upper end of the carbon fiber tube 1 is blocked, and the lower end is connected to the combination rod 5. The combination rod 5 is made of PVC, with an outer diameter of 20 mm, a wall thickness of 1 mm, a length of 2 m, and a red electrical tape 6 tied in the middle. Multiple combination rods 5 are connected by simple sleeves.

[0027] The principle of the method for checking the angle of upward fan-shaped blastholes in underground mines is as follows: the angle sensor 2 can detect the angles in the X and Y directions in space, and is fixed in the middle of the carbon fiber tube 1. The operator uses the combination rod 5 to send the carbon fiber tube 1 into the blasthole. During measurement, the depth in the blasthole is determined by recording the red electrical tape 6 mark on the combination rod 5, and the angle data displayed on the digital touch display screen 7 is recorded every 1m. After each blasthole is tested, the data records are sorted, and the data of each measurement point is input into the designed blasthole coordinate system using CAD to draw the actual blasthole trajectory; by comparing the actual blasthole trajectory with the designed blasthole position, the angle deviation between the actual blasthole and the designed blasthole can be observed.

Claims

1. A method for checking the angle of upward fan-shaped blastholes in underground mines, characterized in that: The adopted blasthole angle measuring instrument comprises a carbon fiber tube (1), an angle sensor (2), and a digital touch display screen (7); the angle sensor (2) is fixed in the middle of the carbon fiber tube (1) by means of a fixing screw (3); the angle sensor (2) is led out from the lower end of the carbon fiber tube (1) by means of a data transmission line (4) and connected to the digital touch display screen (7) located outside the blasthole; a combination rod (5) is connected to the lower end of the carbon fiber tube (1); a plurality of combination rods (5) are connected one by one by means of a simple sleeve method; When in use, the data transmission line (4) is first inserted into the interface of the angle sensor (2), and then the angle sensor (2) is fixed in the middle of the carbon fiber tube (1) with a fixing screw (3). The data transmission line (4) is connected downward along the combination rod (5) through the lower end of the carbon fiber tube (1); the operator uses the combination rod (5) to send the carbon fiber tube (1) into the blasthole, and when measuring, the depth of the blasthole is determined by recording the red electrical tape (6) mark on the combination rod (5), and the angle data displayed on the digital touch display screen (7) is recorded every 1m; after each blasthole is tested, the data records are sorted, and the data of each measurement point is input into the designed blasthole coordinate system using CAD to draw the actual blasthole trajectory; By comparing the actual blast hole trajectory with the designed blast hole position, the angular deviation between the actual blast hole and the designed blast hole can be observed.

2. A method for checking the angle of upward fan-shaped blastholes in underground mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end of the carbon fiber tube (1) is in a sealed shape.

3. A method for checking the angle of upward fan-shaped blastholes in underground mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: The carbon fiber tube (1) is a circular tube structure with a length of 900-1100 mm. The outer diameter of the carbon fiber tube (1) is 9-13 mm smaller than the diameter of the blast hole.

4. A method for checking the angle of upward fan-shaped blastholes in underground mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: The combination rod (5) is 2 meters long, and the middle part is marked with red electrical tape (6). A plurality of combination rods (5) are connected by simple sleeves.

5. A method for checking the angle of upward fan-shaped blastholes in underground mines as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The carbon fiber tube (1) is a circular tube structure, the upper end of the carbon fiber tube (1) is in a plugging shape, the length of the carbon fiber tube (1) is 900-1100 mm, and the outer diameter of the carbon fiber tube (1) is 9-13 mm smaller than the diameter of the blast hole; the combined rod (5) is 2 m long, the middle part is marked with red electrical tape (6), and multiple combined rods (5) use simple sleeves.

6. A method for checking the angle of upward fan-shaped blastholes in underground mines as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The length of the carbon fiber tube (1) is 1000 mm, and the outer diameter of the carbon fiber tube (1) is 10 mm smaller than the diameter of the blast hole.

7. A method for checking the angle of upward fan-shaped blastholes in underground mines as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The combination rod (5) is made of PVC material, has an outer diameter of 20 mm, a wall thickness of 1 mm, and a length of a single combination rod (5) of 2 m.

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