Monitoring and Adjusting System and Method for Whole-Tillage Layer Fertilization with Full Amount of Straw Returned to the Field in Continuous Maize Cropping in Cold Regions

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural ecological monitoring, and discloses a monitoring and regulating system and method for whole-amount straw returning to the field and whole-tillage layer fertilization in continuous maize cropping in cold regions. The system includes a monitoring subsystem and a feedback regulation subsystem. The monitoring subsystem includes a plurality of monitoring nodes, and each of the monitoring nodes includes a plurality of sensor groups buried at different depths in the soil. The feedback regulation subsystem includes a data processing module and a diagnosis module. The data processing module is configured to generate a first monitoring parameter and a second monitoring parameter. The diagnosis module is configured to receive the first monitoring parameter and the second monitoring parameter, and execute diagnostic conditions according to the planting stage they are in. If the current monitoring is in the planting period, a first preset adjustment measure is executed. If the current monitoring is in the non-planting period, a second preset adjustment measure is executed in this monitoring. It also includes a storage module and a central processing unit. The present invention realizes automatic and intelligent fertilization regulation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural ecological monitoring, and particularly relates to a monitoring system and method for whole-tillage layer fertilization of continuous maize cropping with straw returned to the field in full amount in cold regions. Background Art

[0002] In traditional maize planting in cold regions, the straw treatment methods are mostly burning or partial straw returning. Burning straw not only causes waste of resources but also seriously pollutes the environment. A large amount of harmful gases and particulate matter released have a bad impact on air quality, exacerbate the greenhouse effect and endanger human health. However, due to problems such as limited straw returning amount and uneven straw returning depth in partial straw returning, it is difficult to fully exert the potential of straw returning to improve soil fertility.

[0003] Full straw returning aims to return all maize straw to the soil and make the straw evenly distributed and effectively decomposed in the whole tillage layer through tillage, so as to improve soil structure, increase soil organic matter content, enhance soil water and fertilizer retention capacity, etc. However, under the special climate conditions in cold regions, factors such as low temperature and freeze-thaw cycle have a significant impact on the straw decomposition rate and soil nutrient transformation process. For example, low temperature will slow down the decomposition activity of microorganisms on straw, resulting in the accumulation of straw in the soil, which may affect the sowing quality of the next season's maize and the nutrient supply in the initial growth stage.

[0004] In addition, with the development of large-scale agriculture, the planting area of maize in cold regions is continuously expanding, and the traditional manual monitoring and management mode can no longer meet the needs of precise management of large areas of farmland. There is an urgent need to build an automated and intelligent monitoring system by means of modern information technology. In view of this, a monitoring and regulating system and method for whole-tillage layer fertilization of continuous maize cropping with straw returned to the field in full amount in cold regions are provided. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, the present invention provides a monitoring and regulating system and method for whole-tillage layer fertilization of continuous maize cropping with straw returned to the field in full amount in cold regions.

[0006] In the first aspect of the present invention, a monitoring and regulating system for whole-tillage layer fertilization of continuous maize cropping with straw returned to the field in full amount in cold regions is provided, including:

[0007] A monitoring subsystem, which includes a plurality of monitoring nodes.

[0008] Each of the monitoring nodes includes a plurality of sensor groups buried at different depths of the soil. A first sensor network is constructed by the plurality of sensor groups in the same monitoring node, and a second sensor network is constructed by the plurality of sensor groups located at the same depth in different monitoring nodes.

[0009] The first sensor network is configured to obtain first preset indicators from different depths of the same monitoring node in the soil.

[0010] The second sensor network is configured to obtain second preset metrics of the same layer depth from different monitoring nodes in the soil;

[0011] A feedback regulation subsystem, which includes a data processing module and a diagnosis module;

[0012] The data processing module is configured to receive the first preset metric and the second preset metric from the first sensor network and the second sensor network via a communication module, and generate corresponding first monitoring parameters and second monitoring parameters after preprocessing;

[0013] The diagnosis module is configured to receive the first monitoring parameter and the second monitoring parameter, and execute diagnosis conditions according to the planting stage in which they are located;

[0014] If the current monitoring is in the planting period, execute a first preset adjustment measure;

[0015] If the current monitoring is in the non-planting period, execute a second preset adjustment measure in this monitoring;

[0016] A storage module, which is configured to store the first monitoring parameter, the second monitoring parameter, the first preset adjustment measure, and the second preset adjustment measure and generate a log according to the stored timestamp;

[0017] A central processing unit, which is configured to provide requests and responses to the monitoring subsystem and the feedback regulation subsystem, and is also configured to call the log to perform verification.

[0018] As a preferred method, each of the sensor groups includes a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor;

[0019] Both the first preset metric and the second preset metric include the metrics obtained by the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor.

[0020] As a preferred method, each of the sensors is buried in different layer depths of the soil through a carrier at a preset drilling position, and a sampling unit is installed on the carrier corresponding to the soil layer depth position where each sensor group is located.

[0021] As a preferred method, it further includes a surface monitoring subsystem, which includes a temperature sensing unit, a rain gauge, and a snow gauge.

[0022] In a second aspect of the present invention, a monitoring and regulation method for continuous cropping of corn with full straw return to the field and full tillage layer fertilization in cold regions, which is suitable for implementing the method of the first aspect of the present invention, includes the following steps:

[0023] S1. During the non-precipitation period, obtain the first preset metric sampled from the same first sensing network;

[0024] S2. Obtain the reference temperature data from the top surface of the entire cultivated layer of the soil, as well as multiple sets of control temperature data and control humidity data from the top surface to the bottom surface of the entire cultivated layer of the soil, based on the temperature data and humidity data in the first preset index;

[0025] S3. Obtain the soil heat loss rate and the soil continuous heat loss rate based on the reference temperature data and the control humidity data;

[0026] S4. Obtain the soil water settlement rate and the soil water evaporation rate based on the reference humidity data and the control humidity data;

[0027] S5. Sample soil samples at different depths, obtain the proportions of straw, humus, and intermediates from the soil samples, and calculate the straw-intermediate decomposition rate and the intermediate-humus decomposition rate after sampling at intervals;

[0028] S6. When there are no plant roots at the current depth position, sample the soil sample at this depth position, measure the inorganic content and the inorganic dissolution rate by the conductivity method, and obtain the change rate of the inorganic content after sampling at intervals;

[0029] S7. Obtain the first linear correlation model between the straw-intermediate decomposition rate and the inorganic content at the same depth position;

[0030] S8. Obtain the second linear correlation model between the intermediate-humus decomposition rate and the inorganic content at the same depth position;

[0031] S9. Obtain the third linear correlation model between the temperature and the inorganic content at the same depth position;

[0032] S10. Obtain the first estimated inorganic content at different depth positions based on the first linear correlation model, the second linear correlation model, and the third linear correlation model;

[0033] S11. Sample the actual inorganic content and the actual inorganic dissolution rate of the soil at each depth position; calculate the loss of inorganic matter due to leaching effect and capillary effect caused by settlement based on the soil water settlement amount and the soil water evaporation amount of the soil at this depth position, and determine the second estimated inorganic content after removing the loss of leaching effect and capillary effect from the estimated inorganic content;

[0034] S12. Obtain the difference between the second estimated inorganic content and the actual inorganic content in all the first sensor networks and the second sensor networks to obtain the average correction coefficient;

[0035] S13. After sampling the soil sample at any sensor group position, estimate the actual inorganic content of the soil sample at any moment;

[0036] S14. Determine the requirement for the inorganic matter content at the depth position of the current soil layer where the maize roots are located at any moment according to the empirical growth condition of the maize roots, and implement the first preset adjustment measure and the second preset adjustment measure.

[0037] As a preferred method, after obtaining the soil humidity change rate and the continuous soil humidity change rate, calculate the soil water sedimentation rate and the soil water evaporation rate, including the following steps:

[0038] Obtain soil samples from the positions of the corresponding sensor groups of the same sensor network through the sampling unit. After obtaining the total water content in the soil samples, sample at intervals of time;

[0039] After comparing the change in the total water content in the soil samples between two samplings, obtain the soil water evaporation rate,

[0040] And determine the water content at each depth position from the top surface to the bottom surface of the entire cultivated layer of the soil to obtain the soil water change rate at each depth. Then, determine the soil water sedimentation rate according to the soil humidity change rate.

[0041] As a preferred method, it further includes:

[0042] During the rainfall period, obtain the current rainfall amount from the surface monitoring subsystem and obtain the amount of rainwater entering the entire cultivated layer from the soil surface;

[0043] After sampling at intervals of time, obtain the fourth linear correlation model and the fifth linear correlation model between the unit rainfall amount and the soil water sedimentation rate and the soil water evaporation rate;

[0044] Implement the same steps as S2 - S14;

[0045] During the snowfall period, obtain the current snowfall amount, temperature, and humidity from the surface monitoring subsystem;

[0046] After sampling at intervals of time, obtain the snowmelt linear correlation model between the temperature and the current snowfall amount;

[0047] Calculate the amount of water entering the entire cultivated layer from the soil surface according to the snowmelt linear correlation model;

[0048] Implement the same steps as S2 - S14;

[0049] Based on the comprehensive average rainfall situation and average precipitation situation, estimate the inorganic matter content at each depth of the soil at any moment during the maize planting period.

[0050] As a preferred method, in step S14, the judgment condition is:

[0051] Judge the growth state construction sequence of the corn plants, divide it according to the soil layer depth position according to the growth state of the corn plants, and obtain a plant judgment sequence based on the root state and inorganic content conditions of the corn plants and a progressive judgment sequence after the growth of the corn plants. The progressive judgment sequence is the sequence recorded when the roots of the plants reach the next layer depth position after each growth;

[0052] Record the inorganic content at the current layer depth position as 0 or 1, where 0 does not meet the growth requirements of the current corn plants, and 1 meets the growth requirements of the roots of the current corn plants;

[0053] The first preset adjustment measure is to execute the following steps in sequence:

[0054] If the number of 0-containing units in the plant judgment sequence and the progressive judgment sequence exceeds the preset quantity;

[0055] Apply supplementary fertilizer until the inorganic content meets the growth requirements of the corn plants, and adjust the straw burial amount at each layer depth position according to the first linear correlation model and the second linear correlation model during the next straw field burial;

[0056] The second preset adjustment measure is to execute the following steps in sequence:

[0057] If the number of 0-containing units in the plant judgment sequence and the progressive judgment sequence exceeds the preset quantity;

[0058] Adjust the straw burial amount at each layer depth position according to the first linear correlation model and the second linear correlation model.

[0059] In the third aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a method for fertilizing the entire tillage layer by returning the whole amount of straw in continuous cropping of corn in cold regions after determining the straw burial amount, including the following steps:

[0060] After the corn plants are harvested, crush the harvested straw and lay the straw on the surface layer of the ground according to the straw burial amount;

[0061] Perform ridge turning to deeply turn the straw on the surface layer of the ground to the entire tillage layer;

[0062] Perform land preparation to make the soil surface flatness of the constructed entire tillage layer within the preset baseline range;

[0063] Determine the target base fertilizer amount for each region according to the target yield per unit area. The nitrogen fertilizer in the target base fertilizer amount is 87%-90% of that when not returning to the field, and the phosphate fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer are 82%-85%;

[0064] Determine the target topdressing amount according to the base fertilizer topdressing ratio of 4:6, and adjust the actual topdressing amount in each region to meet the requirements of the target yield per unit area according to the actual soil inorganic content obtained in S13 during the topdressing period.

[0065] The above technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0066] Through the real-time monitoring and analysis of multiple indicators such as temperature, humidity, straw and humus ratio, and inorganic matter content at different depths of the soil by multiple sensor networks in the system, the present invention can accurately understand the soil nutrient status. Based on the constructed linear correlation models, such as the straw-intermediate decomposition rate and inorganic matter content model, etc., the dynamic changes of nutrients in the soil can be accurately predicted, so as to achieve precise fertilization. This avoids the waste of fertilizers and environmental pollution caused by blind fertilization in traditional agriculture, improves the fertilizer utilization rate, reduces the agricultural production cost, and at the same time ensures the nutrient requirements of corn at each growth stage, promotes the growth and development of corn, and improves the yield and quality of corn. And the sensor network can collect multi-source data of the soil and the ground surface in real time, and the feedback adjustment subsystem processes and analyzes these data in a timely manner. Through the diagnosis module, according to the planting stage and preset diagnosis conditions, such as the requirements of corn root growth for the soil environment, etc., the key indicators such as soil fertility, moisture, and temperature are evaluated in real time. Once it is found that the indicators are abnormal or deviate from the suitable range for corn growth, the system can quickly send out warning information to remind farmers to take measures to intervene in time. This effectively reduces the risks such as poor corn growth and occurrence of diseases and pests caused by changes in environmental factors or improper management, and improves the stability and reliability of corn planting.

[0067] By collecting and analyzing the temperature and humidity data at different positions in the whole tillage layer of the soil, and calculating the soil water settlement rate and evaporation rate, the present invention can accurately master the soil water dynamics. The relevant models and monitoring mechanisms established respectively during the non-precipitation period, rainfall period and snowfall period can reasonably formulate irrigation strategies according to the soil water change rules in different periods. This avoids problems such as soil water saturation, poor air permeability, and nutrient leaching loss caused by over-irrigation, and at the same time prevents the adverse effects of drought and water shortage on corn growth, improves the water resource utilization efficiency, saves the irrigation water cost, and creates a suitable water environment for corn growth.

[0068] The monitoring and analysis of the straw-intermediate decomposition rate and the intermediate-humus decomposition rate, and the establishment of relevant linear models in the present invention help to deeply understand the decomposition process of straw in the whole tillage layer soil. By mastering these data, the amount and method of straw returning to the field can be reasonably adjusted in different planting periods according to the actual situation of the soil and the growth requirements of corn. During the non-planting period, the amount of straw buried is adjusted according to the model to promote the effective decomposition and transformation of straw in the soil, increase the soil organic matter content, improve the soil structure, enhance the soil water and fertilizer retention capacity, provide a continuous and stable soil fertility basis for corn continuous cropping, reduce the dependence on chemical fertilizers, and achieve sustainable agricultural development. Description of the Drawings

[0069] Figure 1It is a structural block diagram of a monitoring and regulating system for whole - tillage layer fertilization with full - amount straw returning in continuous maize cropping in cold regions provided by the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0070] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0071] In the first aspect of the embodiments of the present disclosure, as Figure 1 shown, a monitoring and regulating system for whole - tillage layer fertilization with full - amount straw returning in continuous maize cropping in cold regions is provided, including:

[0072] A monitoring subsystem, which includes a plurality of monitoring nodes,

[0073] Each of the monitoring nodes includes a plurality of sensor groups buried at different depths of the soil. A first sensor network is constructed by the plurality of sensor groups in the same monitoring node, and a second sensor network is constructed by the plurality of sensor groups at the same depth in different monitoring nodes;

[0074] The first sensor network is configured to obtain first preset indicators from different depths of the same monitoring node in the soil;

[0075] The second sensor network is configured to obtain second preset indicators from the same depth of different monitoring nodes in the soil;

[0076] A feedback regulation subsystem, which includes a data processing module and a diagnosis module;

[0077] The data processing module is configured to receive the first preset indicators and the second preset indicators from the first sensor network and the second sensor network through the communication module, and generate corresponding first monitoring parameters and second monitoring parameters after pre - processing;

[0078] The diagnosis module is configured to receive the first monitoring parameters and the second monitoring parameters, and execute diagnosis conditions according to the planting stages of the two;

[0079] If the current monitoring is in the planting period, execute the first preset adjustment measure;

[0080] If the current monitoring is in the non - planting period, then execute the second preset adjustment measure in this monitoring;

[0081] A storage module, which is configured to store the first monitoring parameter, the second monitoring parameter, the first preset adjustment measure and the second preset adjustment measure and generate a log according to the stored timestamp;

[0082] A central processing unit, which is configured to provide requests and responses to the monitoring subsystem and the feedback adjustment subsystem, and is simultaneously configured to call the log to perform verification.

[0083] As a preferred mode, the sensor group includes a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor;

[0084] Both the first preset index and the second preset index include the indexes obtained by the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor.

[0085] As a preferred mode, each of the sensors is buried in different depths of the soil through a carrier at a preset drilling position, and a sampling unit is installed on the carrier corresponding to the soil layer depth position where each sensor group is located.

[0086] As a preferred mode, it further includes a surface monitoring subsystem, which includes a temperature sensing unit, a rain gauge and a snow gauge.

[0087] The second aspect of the embodiments of the present disclosure provides a monitoring and adjustment method for the whole-tillage layer fertilization of continuous cropping of corn straw in cold regions, which is suitable for implementing the method of the first aspect of the embodiments of the present disclosure, and includes the following steps:

[0088] S1. During the non-precipitation period, obtain the first preset index sampled from the same first sensing network;

[0089] S2. According to the temperature data and humidity data in the first preset index, obtain the reference temperature data from the top surface of the whole-tillage layer of the soil, and multiple groups of control temperature data and control humidity data from the top surface to the bottom surface of the whole-tillage layer of the soil;

[0090] S3. According to the reference temperature data and the control humidity data, obtain the soil heat loss rate and the soil continuous heat loss rate;

[0091] S4. According to the reference humidity data and the control humidity data, obtain the soil water settlement rate and the soil water evaporation rate;

[0092] S5. Sample soil samples at different layer depths, obtain the proportions of straw, humus and intermediates from the soil samples, and calculate the straw-intermediate decomposition rate and the intermediate-humus decomposition rate after sampling at intervals;

[0093] S6. When there are no plant roots at the current depth position, sample the soil sample at this depth position, measure the inorganic content and the inorganic dissolution rate by the conductivity method, and obtain the change rate of the inorganic content after sampling at intervals;

[0094] S7. Obtain the first linear correlation model between the decomposition rate of straw-intermediate and the inorganic content at the same depth position;

[0095] S8. Obtain the second linear correlation model between the decomposition rate of intermediate-humus and the inorganic content at the same depth position;

[0096] S9. Obtain the third linear correlation model between the temperature and the inorganic content at the same depth position;

[0097] S10. Obtain the estimated amount of the first inorganic content at different depth positions according to the first linear correlation model, the second linear correlation model and the third linear correlation model;

[0098] S11. Sample the actual inorganic content and the actual inorganic dissolution rate of the soil at each depth position; calculate the loss of inorganic leaching effect and capillary effect loss caused by sedimentation according to the soil water sedimentation amount and the soil water evaporation amount of the soil at this depth position, and determine the second estimated amount of inorganic content after removing the leaching effect loss and capillary effect loss from the estimated amount of inorganic content;

[0099] S12. Obtain the difference between the second estimated amount of inorganic content and the actual inorganic content in all the first sensor networks and the second sensor networks to obtain the average correction coefficient;

[0100] S13. After sampling the soil sample at any sensor group position, estimate the actual inorganic content of the soil sample at any moment;

[0101] S14. According to the empirical growth situation of corn roots, determine the requirement of the inorganic content at the current soil depth position of corn roots at any moment and execute the first preset adjustment measure and the second preset adjustment measure.

[0102] As a preferred method, after obtaining the soil humidity change rate and the continuous soil humidity change rate, calculate the soil water sedimentation rate and the soil water evaporation rate, including the following steps:

[0103] Obtain the soil sample from the corresponding sensor group position of the same sensor network through the sampling unit, obtain the total water content in the soil sample and then sample at intervals;

[0104] Compare the change of the total water content in the soil sample between two samplings to obtain the soil water evaporation rate,

[0105] After determining the water content at each layer depth from the topmost to the bottommost of the entire plough layer of the soil to obtain the soil moisture change rate at each layer depth, the soil moisture settlement rate is determined based on the soil moisture change rate.

[0106] As a preferred method, it further includes:

[0107] During the rainfall period, obtain the current rainfall amount from the surface monitoring subsystem, and obtain the amount of rainwater entering the entire plough layer from the soil surface layer;

[0108] After sampling at intervals of time, obtain the fourth linear correlation model and the fifth linear correlation model between the unit rainfall amount and the soil moisture settlement rate and the soil moisture evaporation rate;

[0109] Execute the same steps as S2 - S14;

[0110] During the snowfall period, obtain the current snowfall amount, temperature, and humidity from the surface monitoring subsystem;

[0111] After sampling at intervals of time, obtain the snowmelt linear correlation model between the temperature and the current snowfall amount;

[0112] Calculate the amount of water entering the entire plough layer from the soil surface layer according to the snowmelt linear correlation model;

[0113] Execute the same steps as S2 - S14;

[0114] Based on the comprehensive average rainfall situation and average precipitation situation, estimate the inorganic matter content at each layer depth of the soil at any moment during the maize planting period.

[0115] As a preferred method, in step S14, the judgment condition is:

[0116] Judge the constructed sequence of the growth state of the maize plants. Divide according to the growth state of the maize plants according to the soil layer depth position to obtain the plant judgment sequence based on the root state and inorganic matter content conditions of the maize plants and the progressive judgment sequence after the growth of the maize plants. The progressive judgment sequence is the sequence recorded when the root system of the plant reaches the next layer depth position after each growth;

[0117] Record the inorganic matter content at the current layer depth position as 0 or 1, where 0 does not meet the growth requirements of the current maize plants, and 1 meets the growth requirements of the root system of the current maize plants;

[0118] The first preset adjustment measure is to sequentially execute the following steps:

[0119] If the number of 0 units in the plant judgment sequence and the progressive judgment sequence exceeds the preset quantity;

[0120] Supplementary fertilization is carried out until the inorganic content meets the growth requirements of corn plants, and the amount of straw buried at each depth position is adjusted according to the first linear correlation model and the second linear correlation model during the next straw field burial;

[0121] The second preset adjustment measure is to sequentially execute the following steps:

[0122] If the number of zero-containing units in the plant judgment sequence and the progressive judgment sequence exceeds the preset quantity;

[0123] Adjust the amount of straw buried at each depth position according to the first linear correlation model and the second linear correlation model.

[0124] Specifically, each unit of this sequence is composed of (root position a#depth b, inorganic content c), where a is the position of the root system, b is the depth position, and c is the inorganic content. For example, when the root position 1 of this root system is at depth 1 and the inorganic content meets the standard, the unit is recorded as (root position 1#depth 1, inorganic content 1). Since the root system of a corn plant is located at multiple depth positions, a plant judgment sequence of this corn plant can be established. And during the actual growth process of the corn plant, as it continues to grow, its roots will be at different depths simultaneously, so a progressive judgment sequence is established.

[0125] When sampling is not carried out during the growth process of corn plants, since the sensors in the entire tillage layer cannot actually determine the root system and thus cannot actually determine the belonging plant, in the embodiments of the present disclosure, through experience, when planting corn plants at the current position, the growth situation of the root system of the corn plants is determined, and each sequence in the embodiments of the present disclosure is fitted. The root systems of the corn plants included are then judged, and the root systems located in the same first sensor network are regarded as the same plant for judgment.

[0126] It should be noted that it is also possible to determine the presence of roots in the soil by regularly sampling soil samples and use it as a verification means in the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0127] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the monitoring of temperature and humidity at different depth positions of the soil is also used as a growth regulation measure for corn plants. If the temperature and humidity at the soil depth position do not meet the growth requirements of corn plants, technical means such as covering plastic films are used to adjust the temperature and humidity to the growth requirements of corn plants.

[0128] It should be noted that all the linearly related models in the embodiments of the present disclosure are linear models with a single variable. The change of one variable affects the result of another variable. For example, the decomposition rate of straw-intermediate and the inorganic content in the first linearly related model. Through the first linearly related model and the second linearly related model, the change of the inorganic content during the change process from straw to intermediate and from intermediate to humus can be directly deduced, so as to deduce the content of inorganic substances in the subsequent calculation process. And in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the inorganic content is measured by the conductivity method, and then a related model is established. Other linearly related models in the embodiments of the present disclosure are also the first linearly related model as described in the example, and the linear parameters of linear correlation are determined through the relationship between multiple samples. The establishment of the linearly related model is a common mathematical model establishment method in the art, and will not be elaborated here for the sake of brevity.

[0129] In the third aspect of the embodiments of the present disclosure, there is also provided a method for fertilizing the whole tillage layer by returning the whole amount of corn straw in continuous cropping in cold regions after determining the amount of straw buried, including the following steps:

[0130] After the corn plants are harvested, the harvested straw is crushed and laid on the surface layer of the ground according to the amount of straw buried.

[0131] Perform ridging and deeply turn over the straw on the surface layer of the ground to the whole tillage layer.

[0132] Perform land preparation to make the flatness of the soil surface of the whole tillage layer within the preset baseline range.

[0133] Determine the target base fertilizer amount for each region according to the target yield per unit area. The nitrogen fertilizer in the target base fertilizer amount is 87%-90% of that when not returning straw, and the phosphate fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer are 82%-85%.

[0134] Determine the target top dressing amount according to the base fertilizer top dressing ratio of 4:6, and adjust the actual top dressing amount in each region to meet the requirements of the target yield per unit area according to the actual soil inorganic content obtained in S13 during the top dressing period.

[0135] Among them, in S13 of the embodiments of the present disclosure, a means for measuring the actual inorganic content of the soil is provided. Therefore, based on the soil fertility required for the target yield per unit area when not returning straw, the theoretical inorganic yield of the buried straw is fitted to an empirical value to obtain the actual fertilization amount of various fertilizer types in the target base fertilizer amount. It should be noted that the amount of straw buried in the method provided in the second aspect of the embodiments of the present disclosure has been used as a pre-adjustment means for insufficient fertility. Therefore, an empirical coefficient is used for adjustment in the method of the third aspect to ensure sufficient fertility under the premise of soil heterogeneity in cold regions. Through the systems and methods provided in the first, second, and third aspects of the embodiments of the present disclosure, scientific and precise agricultural production control can be achieved on the premise of accurately providing monitoring measures.

[0136] Those skilled in the art can realize that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in combination with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented by electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are executed in a hardware or software manner may depend on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. The skilled person can use different methods for each specific application to achieve the described functions, but such implementation should not be considered to exceed the scope of the embodiments of the present disclosure. The skilled person can clearly understand that for the convenience and conciseness of description, the specific working processes of the above-described devices, apparatuses, and units can refer to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments and will not be elaborated herein.

[0137] The flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings illustrate the possible architectures, functions, and operations of the devices, methods, and computer program products according to the embodiments of the present disclosure. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, a program segment, or a part of code that contains one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function. In some alternative implementations, the functions marked in the block may occur in an order different from that marked in the accompanying drawings. For example, two consecutive blocks may actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, which may depend on the functions involved. In the descriptions corresponding to the flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings, the operations or steps corresponding to different blocks may also occur in an order different from that disclosed in the description, and sometimes there is no specific order between different operations or steps. For example, two consecutive operations or steps may actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, which may depend on the functions involved. Each block in the block diagram and / or flowchart, as well as the combination of blocks in the block diagram and / or flowchart, can be implemented by a dedicated hardware device that executes the specified function or action, or can be implemented by a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring and regulating the full return of corn straw to the field and fertilization of the entire tillage layer in cold regions, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. In a non-precipitation period, obtaining a first preset indicator sampled from the same first sensor network; S2. According to the temperature data and humidity data in the first preset index, obtain the reference temperature data and reference humidity data from the topmost surface of the whole tillage layer of the soil, and multiple groups of control temperature data and control humidity data from the topmost surface to the bottommost surface of the whole tillage layer of the soil; S3. Obtaining soil temperature loss rate and soil continuous temperature loss rate according to the reference temperature data and the control temperature data; S4. Obtaining soil moisture deposition rate and soil moisture evaporation rate according to the baseline humidity data and the reference humidity data; S5. Sampling soil samples at different depths, obtaining the ratio of straw, humus and intermediates from the soil samples, and calculating the straw-intermediate decomposition rate and intermediate-humus decomposition rate after sampling at intervals; S6. When there is no plant root system at the current layer depth, soil samples are collected at the layer depth, and the inorganic content and inorganic dissolution rate are measured by the conductivity method. The inorganic content change rate is obtained after sampling at intervals; S7, obtaining the first linear correlation model between the decomposition rate of the straw-intermediate and the inorganic matter content at the same depth; S8, obtaining a second linear correlation model of the decomposition rate of the intermediate-humus and the inorganic matter content at the same depth; S9, obtaining a third linear correlation model between the temperature and the inorganic matter content at the same depth; S10, obtaining an estimated amount of first inorganic matter content at different layer depths according to the first linear correlation model, the second linear correlation model and the third linear correlation model; S11, sampling to obtain the actual inorganic content and actual inorganic dissolution rate of the soil at each depth; calculating the inorganic leaching effect loss and capillary effect loss caused by the sedimentation according to the soil moisture sedimentation and soil moisture evaporation of the soil at the depth of the layer, and determining the second inorganic content estimation after removing the leaching effect loss and capillary effect loss from the first inorganic content estimation; S12, obtaining the difference between the estimated second inorganic substance content and the actual inorganic substance content in all the first sensor network and the second sensor network, and obtaining an average correction coefficient; The first sensor network is configured to obtain a first preset indicator at different depths of soil from the same monitoring node; The second sensor network is configured to obtain a second preset indicator of the same layer depth from different soil monitoring nodes; S13, sampling a soil sample at any sensor group position and estimating the actual inorganic content of the soil of the sample at any time; S14. According to the empirical growth of the corn root system, determine the inorganic matter content requirement of the corn root system at the current soil layer depth at any time and execute the first preset adjustment measure and the second preset adjustment measure.

2. The method for monitoring and regulating the full return of corn straw to the field and full plough layer fertilization in cold regions according to claim 1 is characterized in that: After obtaining the soil moisture change rate and the soil continuous moisture change rate, the soil moisture deposition rate and the soil moisture evaporation rate are calculated, including the following steps: Acquire soil samples from the corresponding sensor group positions of the same sensor network through a sampling unit, obtain the total water content in the soil samples and then sample at intervals; The soil moisture evaporation rate was obtained by comparing the changes in the total moisture content in the soil samples between the two samplings. The moisture content at each depth from the top to the bottom of the soil plow layer is determined, and the soil moisture change rate at each depth is obtained, and then the soil moisture deposition rate is determined based on the soil moisture change rate.

3. The method for monitoring and regulating the full return of corn straw to the field and full plough layer fertilization in cold regions according to claim 2, characterized in that: The S14 further includes the following steps: The growth state of the corn plant is constructed into a sequence for judgment, and the corn plant is divided according to the growth state of the corn plant according to the soil layer depth position, to obtain a plant judgment sequence based on the root state and inorganic content requirements of the corn plant and a progressive judgment sequence after the growth of the corn plant, wherein the progressive judgment sequence is a sequence recorded after each growth of the plant until the bottom of the root system reaches the next layer of depth; The inorganic content at the current layer depth is recorded as 0 or 1, where 0 means that it does not meet the growth requirements of the current corn plant, and 1 means that it meets the growth requirements of the root system of the current corn plant; The first preset adjustment measure is to perform the following steps in sequence: If the number of zero-containing units in the plant judgment sequence and the progressive judgment sequence exceeds the preset number; Supplement fertilizer until the inorganic content meets the growth requirements of corn plants, and adjust the amount of straw buried at each depth according to the first linear correlation model and the second linear correlation model when the straw is buried in the field next time; The second preset adjustment measure is to perform the following steps in sequence: If the number of zero-containing units in the plant judgment sequence and the progressive judgment sequence exceeds the preset number; The amount of straw buried at each depth is adjusted according to the first linear correlation model and the second linear correlation model.

4. A method for returning all the corn straw to the field and fertilizing the entire tillage layer in cold regions, characterized in that: The method for monitoring and regulating the full return of corn straw to the field and full tillage layer fertilization in cold regions as described in claim 3 comprises the following steps after determining the amount of straw buried: After the corn plants are harvested, the harvested straw is crushed and laid on the surface of the ground according to the amount of straw buried; Carry out ridge turning, and turn the straw on the surface of the ground deep into the full tillage layer; Perform land preparation to ensure that the surface flatness of the entire tillage layer is within the preset baseline range; Determine the target amount of basal fertilizer for each region based on the target yield per unit area, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer in the target basal fertilizer is 87%-90% of that when not returned to the field, and the phosphorus fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer are 82%-85%; The target amount of topdressing was determined by a base fertilizer to topdressing ratio of 4:6, and during the topdressing period, the actual amount of topdressing in each region was adjusted to meet the target yield per unit area according to the actual soil inorganic matter content obtained in S13.

5. A monitoring and regulating system for returning all the straw to the field and fertilizing the entire tillage layer of corn in continuous cropping in cold regions, characterized in that: The method for monitoring and regulating the full return of corn straw to the field and the full tillage layer fertilization in cold regions as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 comprises: The monitoring subsystem includes multiple monitoring nodes. Each of the monitoring nodes includes a plurality of sensor groups buried in different soil layers, and a first sensor network is constructed by the plurality of sensor groups in the same monitoring node, and a second sensor network is constructed by the plurality of sensor groups located in the same soil layer in different monitoring nodes; The first sensor network is configured to obtain a first preset indicator at different depths of soil from the same monitoring node; The second sensor network is configured to obtain a second preset indicator of the same layer depth from different soil monitoring nodes; A feedback regulation subsystem, which includes a data processing module and a diagnosis module; The data processing module is configured to receive the first preset index and the second preset index from the first sensor network and the second sensor network via the communication module, and generate corresponding first monitoring parameters and second monitoring parameters after preprocessing; The diagnostic module is configured to receive the first monitoring parameter and the second monitoring parameter, and execute diagnostic conditions according to the planting stages of the two; If the monitoring is in the planting period, the first preset adjustment measure is executed; If this monitoring is in the non-planting period, the second preset adjustment measure is executed in this monitoring; a storage module configured to store the first monitoring parameter, the second monitoring parameter, the first preset adjustment measure, and the second preset adjustment measure and generate a log according to a stored timestamp; The central processing unit is configured to provide requests and responses to the monitoring subsystem and the feedback regulation subsystem, and is also configured to call the log execution verification.

6. The cold region continuous corn cropping straw full return to field full tillage layer fertilization monitoring and regulating system according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The sensor groups each include a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor; The first preset index and the second preset index both include indexes acquired by the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor.

7. The cold region continuous corn cropping straw full return to field full tillage layer fertilization monitoring and regulating system according to claim 5 is characterized in that: Each of the sensors is buried in a different depth of the soil layer through a carrier at a preset drilling position, and a sampling unit is installed on the carrier corresponding to the soil layer depth position where each sensor group is located.

8. The cold region continuous corn cropping straw full return to field full tillage layer fertilization monitoring and regulating system according to claim 5, characterized in that: Also included is a surface monitoring subsystem that includes a temperature sensing unit, a rain gauge, and a snow gauge.

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