Vortex line type hydrophone convenient to recycle and put and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of sensor measurement, and discloses a vortex line type hydrophone convenient to recycle and put and a method, and the device comprises a hydrophone main body and a recycling and putting assembly. The hydrophone main body is formed by oppositely buckling two hemispherical transparent rubber shells, a core ceramic element is arranged in the hydrophone main body, electrodes are coated and plated, and the inner surfaces of the shells are coated with electromagnetic shielding materials and filled with castor oil, so that the sealing performance, the waterproof performance and the anti-interference capability are ensured. The transparency of the rubber shell is convenient for detection and maintenance. The recycling and putting assembly comprises a connecting cylinder, a second air bag, a reactor assembly and a winding mechanism. And the connecting cylinder is connected with the hydrophone main body, the recycling and putting assembly, the built-in reactor assembly and the winding mechanism. During recovery, gas generated by the reactor assembly is inflated into the second air bag, and buoyancy is increased to enable the hydrophone to automatically float upwards; and during throwing, the winding mechanism releases the ship anchor fixing position. According to the design, the recovery and release process of the hydrophone is simplified, and meanwhile, the sound receiving capability and the anti-interference performance of the hydrophone are ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of sensor measurement, in particular to a vortex line hydrophone and a method for easy recovery and deployment. Background Art

[0002] Hydrophones are widely used in active collision avoidance sonar, passive direction-finding sonar, side passive ranging sonar and bow array sonar systems. The flexoelectric effect is a force-electric coupling effect that is widely present in all dielectric materials. The existence of non-uniform deformation or strain gradient field can cause the material to produce an electric polarization response. Chinese patent CN110987157A discloses a cantilever beam flexoelectric effect vector hydrophone. When the flexoelectric effect is applied to hydroacoustic measurement, the sound pressure gradient field at the far-field measurement point can induce the material to produce a strain gradient and an electric polarization response, thereby achieving direct measurement of the sound pressure gradient. This shows that the flexoelectric effect has significant potential in the application of vector hydrophones.

[0003] The size dependence of flexoelectricity can solve the contradiction between high sensitivity and miniaturization, while the shape design of vortex lines can solve the contradiction between high sensitivity and low-frequency detection requirements. Therefore, studying new electromechanical coupling effects and designing and manufacturing low-frequency, high-sensitivity, small-sized hydroacoustic transducers are of great significance to improving the accuracy of underwater target detection.

[0004] Meanwhile, after the existing hydrophone is placed in the deep sea, when the hydrophone fails, it needs to be repaired, and it is inconvenient to take it out from the deep sea; Chinese patent CN218916525U discloses a hydrophone, in use, after the hydrophone body is placed underwater, it sinks to the seabed under the gravity of the counterweight block, and the two rotating rods are driven to rotate by the double-axis motor, thereby driving the two I-shaped rollers to perform the rope release operation at the same time, and the hydrophone body floats upward under the action of the floating ring, and the length of the rope release can be controlled to make the hydrophone body float within a specified height area, and under the action of the connecting rope, the hydrophone body can be restricted within a certain area, so as to avoid the loss of the hydrophone body to a certain extent. When the hydrophone body is damaged, the double-axis motor is started to continue to release the rope, and the hydrophone body is driven to float to the sea surface under the buoyancy of the floating ring, so as to facilitate its repair.

[0005] When an existing hydrophone needs to be repaired, it is generally repaired by releasing a counterweight rope and using a buoy or air bag on the hydrophone to float to the surface. However, in the deep sea, the rope of the hydrophone cannot be as long as the water depth. Therefore, the diving depth of such hydrophones cannot exceed the length of the rope, which limits the deployment range of the hydrophone. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to overcome the defects of the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a vortex line hydrophone and method that is easy to recover and deploy, so as to solve the technical problems in the prior art of how to improve the sensitivity of the vortex line hydrophone and facilitate the recovery and deployment of the vortex line hydrophone.

[0007] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a vortex line hydrophone that is easy to recover and deploy, including a hydrophone body and a recovery and deployment assembly; The hydrophone body includes two rubber shells and a core ceramic element; The two rubber shells are both hemispherical transparent structures, and the two rubber shells are relatively buckled and connected; the core ceramic element is arranged in the two rubber shells, and the two ends of the core ceramic element are respectively clamped between the two rubber shells; the surface of the core ceramic element is coated with electrodes; the inner surfaces of the two rubber shells are coated with electromagnetic shielding materials; the two rubber shells are filled with castor oil; The recovery and delivery assembly comprises a connecting tube; the top end of the connecting tube is fixed to the bottom of the rubber shell located below; the outer sleeve of the connecting tube is provided with a second air bag; A reactor assembly and a winding mechanism are arranged in the connecting tube; wherein the air guide ends of the reactor assembly are respectively communicated with the second airbags; and the winding end of the winding mechanism penetrates the bottom of the connecting tube and is connected with an anchor.

[0008] Preferably, two sets of fasteners are provided at the relative buckling positions of the two rubber shells, a through-hole structure is formed between the two sets of fasteners, the core ceramic element is located in the through-hole structure, and both ends of the core ceramic element are respectively clamped in the two sets of fasteners.

[0009] Preferably, the structure of the core ceramic element is a cylindrical sheet structure, wherein the diameter and thickness ratio of the core ceramic element ranges from 6:1 to 200:1; the absolute thickness range of the core ceramic element is from 10 μm to 3 mm; a plurality of vortex-shaped grooves are provided on the surface of the core ceramic element, structural curved beams are formed between the grooves, and a porous structure is provided on the surface of the core ceramic element.

[0010] Preferably, three groups of connecting plates are arranged in sequence in the vertical direction of the cylinder body, and the connecting cylinder is divided into a first area, a second area, a third area and a fourth area from top to bottom by the three groups of connecting plates; the reactor assembly is located in the first area and the second area; the winding mechanism is located in the third area and the fourth area.

[0011] Further, the reactor assembly includes a reaction box and a reaction drive assembly; The reaction drive assembly is located in the first area, and the reaction box is located in the second area; The reaction drive assembly includes a cylinder, and a striker is connected to the driving end of the cylinder; the striker extends into the reaction box through the second area; The reaction box is filled with baking soda and acetic acid; the reaction box comprises two rectangular box structures, which are relatively buckled and arranged, wherein a diaphragm is provided at the buckling position, for dividing the two rectangular box bodies into two independent spaces, wherein baking soda is filled in the lower rectangular box body, and acetic acid is located in the upper rectangular box body; The striker extends into the upper rectangular box through the second area; Air guide tubes are respectively connected to the two sides of the lower rectangular box body, and the ends of the two groups of air guide tubes respectively pass through the connecting tubes and are connected to the second air bag.

[0012] Furthermore, the two rectangular box structures are respectively connected with flanges at the relative buckling parts, and a bonding sheet is attached to the flanges; wherein the flange of the rectangular box body located at the bottom is provided with a groove, and the groove depth is equal to the thickness of the diaphragm, and the diaphragm is embedded in the groove formed by the flange of the rectangular box body below, and the upper and lower sides are attached by a bonding sheet.

[0013] Furthermore, the winding mechanism includes a winding roller, two sets of fixing frames and a driving transmission mechanism; Two groups of fixing frames are fixed in the fourth area, and the two ends of the winding roller are respectively arranged on the two groups of fixing frames. A traction rope is wound on the winding roller, and the traction rope passes through the bottom of the connecting tube and is connected to the anchor; the driving transmission mechanism is located in the third area, and the output end of the driving transmission mechanism is connected to the driving end of the winding roller through the fourth area.

[0014] Furthermore, the drive transmission mechanism includes a motor and a transmission belt; The motor is located in the third area, and the transmission belt is arranged between the third area and the fourth area, wherein the end of the transmission belt located in the third area is sleeved with a first pulley; the end of the transmission belt located in the fourth area is sleeved with a second pulley; The driving end of the motor is connected to the first pulley, and the traction rope is connected to the second pulley.

[0015] Furthermore, the connecting tube is also provided with a first airbag, which is located below the second airbag, wherein the weight of the first airbag is equal to the weight of the anchor.

[0016] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a method for using a vortex-type hydrophone that is easy to recover and deploy, based on the above-mentioned vortex-type hydrophone that is easy to recover and deploy, comprising the following steps: When the encapsulated hydrophone body is placed in water, the sound wave is incident along the thickness direction of the core ceramic element. The underwater sound pressure will induce the vortex-shaped beam to bend and deform. According to the characteristics of the bending deformation, the beam will produce a strain gradient along the thickness direction. The strain gradient can generate polarization charges on the surface of the core ceramic element that can map the sound pressure or the size of the sound pressure gradient through the flexoelectric effect. When the hydrophone body is recovered, the hydrophone body is actively floated up through the connecting tube, wherein a second air bag is arranged outside the connecting tube, and a reactor assembly is arranged inside the connecting tube, and the air guide ends of the reactor assembly are respectively connected with the second air bag. When the hydrophone body fails, the reactor assembly reacts inside to inflate the second air bag, thereby increasing the buoyancy of the hydrophone body, so that the hydrophone can float up autonomously; When the hydrophone body is dropped, the reeling end of the reeling mechanism is passed through the anchor connected to the bottom of the connecting tube, and the anchor is embedded in the mud in the water to increase friction, thereby fixing the hydrophone body.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects: The present invention provides a vortex-type hydrophone that is easy to recover and put into use. The hydrophone body is connected by two rubber shells with hemispherical transparent structures, which not only ensure the sealing and waterproof performance of the hydrophone body, but also provide good protection and support for the core ceramic components. The transparency of the rubber shell allows the core ceramic components and electrodes inside to be clearly visible, which is convenient for detection and maintenance. As a key component of the hydrophone, the core ceramic component is coated with electrodes on its surface, which can effectively convert sound waves into electrical signals. The inner surfaces of the two rubber shells are coated with electromagnetic shielding materials, which effectively prevent the influence of external electromagnetic interference on the performance of the hydrophone. The combination of the core ceramic component, the rubber shell and the electromagnetic shielding material enables the hydrophone to have excellent sound receiving ability and anti-interference performance. The connecting tube in the recovery and delivery assembly not only plays the role of connecting the hydrophone body and the recovery and delivery assembly, but also has a built-in reactor assembly and a winding mechanism. When the hydrophone needs to be recovered, the reactor assembly can generate gas and fill it into the second airbag to increase the buoyancy of the hydrophone, so that it can float to the water surface autonomously. When the hydrophone needs to be deployed, the anchor can be released through the reeling mechanism, and the position of the hydrophone can be fixed by using the weight of the anchor and its ability to embed in the mud and sand. This design makes the recovery and deployment of the hydrophone simple and quick, greatly improving work efficiency.

[0018] Furthermore, by firmly clamping the core ceramic element between the two rubber shells with fasteners, the loosening or displacement of the core ceramic element caused by water flow impact or underwater environmental changes can be effectively prevented, thereby ensuring the long-term stable performance output of the hydrophone. The through-hole structure formed by the fasteners and the rubber shell provides a direct and efficient transmission path for sound waves, reduces the loss and interference of sound waves during transmission, and improves the hydrophone's receiving sensitivity and accuracy to sound waves.

[0019] Furthermore, the core ceramic element with a cylindrical sheet structure enables the element to deform more effectively under the action of sound waves, thereby converting it into a more significant electrical signal output, which is beneficial to improving the sensitivity and frequency response range of the hydrophone. The multiple spiral grooves opened on the surface of the core ceramic element not only increase the surface area of ​​the core ceramic element, but also form structural curved beams. These curved beams can disperse stress when subjected to external forces, thereby improving the fatigue resistance and durability of the element. The porous structure enhances the mechanical strength of the core ceramic element and also helps to improve its acoustic performance. The propagation path of sound waves inside the element can be optimized by adjusting the pore size and hole spacing.

[0020] Furthermore, the internal space of the connecting tube is rationally divided by three sets of connecting plates, so that the reactor assembly and the winding mechanism can be placed in independent areas respectively, avoiding interference and conflict between each other and improving the stability and reliability of the overall system. The reactor assembly is placed in the first area and the second area, which may be relatively more closed and stable, helping to reduce the interference of the external environment on the reactor assembly and improve its working efficiency and stability. The winding mechanism is placed in the third area and the fourth area, which may be closer to the bottom of the connecting tube, which is convenient for connection with external equipment such as anchors, and also reduces the potential impact of the winding mechanism on the reactor assembly during operation.

[0021] Furthermore, the cylinder drives the striker to quickly puncture the diaphragm, so that the acetic acid in the upper rectangular box body and the baking soda in the lower rectangular box body are quickly mixed, a chemical reaction occurs and carbon dioxide is produced. The required amount of gas can be quickly produced in a short time, which provides strong support for the rapid inflation of the second airbag. The reaction box adopts two rectangular box structures that are relatively buckled and arranged, with a compact structure and easy to integrate into the connecting tube. At the same time, the driving components such as the cylinder and the striker are also arranged in the first area, making full use of the internal space of the connecting tube, so that the volume and weight of the entire reactor assembly are effectively controlled. The setting of the diaphragm effectively divides the two rectangular boxes into two independent spaces, avoiding accidental mixing of baking soda and acetic acid before triggering. At the same time, the striker is precisely controlled by the cylinder drive to ensure the controllability and safety of the reaction process. The two sides of the lower rectangular box body are connected with air ducts, which can efficiently transmit the generated gas to the second airbag.

[0022] Furthermore, the setting of the flange and the bonding sheet increases the connection strength and stability between the rectangular box structure, preventing the box from being deformed or broken due to external forces or changes in internal air pressure. The diaphragm is embedded in the groove to enhance the sealing and connection strength between the boxes, ensuring the effective isolation and transmission of gas during the reaction process. By embedding the diaphragm in the groove opened by the flange of the rectangular box below and fixing it with the bonding sheet, the diaphragm is accurately positioned and firmly installed.

[0023] Furthermore, two sets of fixing frames are fixed in the fourth area, providing a solid support for the winding roller and ensuring the stability and reliability of the winding process. The two ends of the winding roller are correspondingly arranged on the fixing frames, so that the traction rope can be evenly and tightly wound around the winding roller, avoiding the loosening and falling of the traction rope. The driving transmission mechanism is located in the third area and is connected to the driving end of the winding roller through the fourth area. This layout saves space and ensures the effective transmission of driving force. The design of the driving transmission mechanism enables the rotation of the winding roller to be achieved through external control, thereby facilitating the winding and releasing of the traction rope. The traction rope wound on the winding roller is connected to the anchor, providing strong traction for the recovery and deployment of the hydrophone. Furthermore, the motor, as a power source, efficiently transmits power to the second pulley through the transmission belt, thereby driving the rotation of the winding roller. This transmission method is not only simple in structure, but also has low energy loss, ensuring the efficient operation of the winding mechanism. The transmission belt is arranged between the third area and the fourth area, and the power is transmitted between different areas through the cooperation of the first pulley and the second pulley. This layout saves space and ensures the effective transmission of driving force. At the same time, it has a certain flexibility and can adapt to different installation conditions and space restrictions.

[0024] Furthermore, the weight of the first airbag is equal to the weight of the anchor, ensuring that the entire system can maintain vertical balance during underwater operations. This balanced state helps reduce system instability or offset problems caused by excessive buoyancy or gravity. By balancing buoyancy and gravity, the first airbag helps enhance the stability of the entire system underwater. Whether in static suspension or dynamic movement, the system can maintain good attitude control, thereby improving operational efficiency and accuracy.

[0025] The present invention also provides a method for using a vortex-line hydrophone that is easy to recover and place. After the hydrophone body is placed in the water, the sound wave is incident along the thickness direction of the core ceramic element, which can effectively induce the vortex-shaped beam to produce bending deformation. This design enables the hydrophone to efficiently receive and convert underwater sound wave signals, thereby improving the sensitivity and accuracy of sound wave detection. When the hydrophone body needs to be recovered, active buoyancy adjustment can be achieved by connecting the second airbag outside the tube and the reactor assembly inside. Once the hydrophone body fails, the reactor assembly reacts inside and inflates the second airbag, thereby rapidly increasing the buoyancy of the hydrophone, allowing it to float to the water surface autonomously, which is convenient for subsequent recovery and processing. This design not only improves the recovery efficiency of the hydrophone, but also reduces the recovery cost. When the hydrophone body is placed, the winding end of the winding mechanism is used to penetrate the anchor connected to the bottom of the connecting tube, and the anchor is embedded in the mud in the water to increase the friction, so that the hydrophone body can be effectively fixed. This method of deployment and fixing is not only simple and quick, but also can provide a stable and reliable fixing effect, ensuring that the hydrophone maintains a stable posture and position during long-term underwater operations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a vortex line hydrophone that is easy to recover and deploy in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the vortex line hydrophone in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the core ceramic component in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the internal structure of the connecting tube in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a diagram showing the internal structure of a reaction box in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 for Figure 4 A partial enlarged view of the middle winding mechanism; Figure 7 for Figure 5 A partial enlarged view of the seal of the middle reaction box; In the figure: 100, hydrophone body; 101, core ceramic component; 101a, double-hole core component; 101b, three-hole core component; 101c, four-hole core component; 102, electrode; 103, fastener; 104, rubber shell; 105, electromagnetic shielding material; 200, connecting tube; 200a, connecting plate; 200b, first air bag; 201, reaction box; 201a, diaphragm; 201b, bonding sheet; 201c, air guide tube; 201c-1, second air bag; 202, cylinder; 202a, striker; 203, winding roller; 203a, traction rope; 203a-1, anchor; 203b, fixing frame; 203c, first pulley; 204, motor; 204a, second pulley. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the scheme of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] The object of the present invention is to provide a vortex line hydrophone and a method that are easy to recover and deploy, so as to solve the technical problems in the prior art of how to improve the sensitivity of the vortex line hydrophone and facilitate the recovery and deployment of the vortex line hydrophone.

[0029] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings: See also Figure 1 In one embodiment of the present invention, a vortex line hydrophone that is easy to recover and launch is provided, including a hydrophone body 100 and a recovery and launch assembly; the hydrophone body 100 includes two rubber shells 104 and a core ceramic element 101, such as Figure 2As shown; the two rubber shells 104 are both hemispherical transparent structures, and the two rubber shells 104 are relatively buckled and connected; the core ceramic element 101 is arranged in the two rubber shells 104, and the two ends of the core ceramic element 101 are respectively clamped between the two rubber shells 104; the surface of the core ceramic element 101 is coated with an electrode 102; the inner surfaces of the two rubber shells 104 are coated with an electromagnetic shielding material 105; the two rubber shells 104 are filled with castor oil; the recovery and delivery assembly includes a connecting tube 200; the top end of the connecting tube 200 is fixed to the bottom of the rubber shell 104 located below; the outer sleeve of the connecting tube 200 is provided with a second airbag 201c-1; the connecting tube 200 is provided with a reactor assembly and a winding mechanism; wherein the air guide end of the reactor assembly is respectively connected to the second airbag 201c-1; the winding end of the winding mechanism passes through the bottom of the connecting tube 200 and is connected with an anchor 203a-1.

[0030] In this embodiment, the surface of the core ceramic element 101 is coated with a thickness of 10 -9 -10 -5 The electrode 102 is made of gold, silver or other materials with a conductivity greater than 20×10 6 The metal material is S / m, and the electrode 102 completely covers the surface of the core ceramic element 101 having the spiral groove and is not connected.

[0031] Specifically, two sets of fasteners 103 are provided at the relative snap-fitting positions of the two rubber shells 104 , a through-hole structure is formed between the two sets of fasteners 103 , the core ceramic component 101 is located in the through-hole structure, and both ends of the core ceramic component 101 are clamped in the two sets of fasteners 103 respectively.

[0032] In this embodiment, the material of the two groups of fasteners 103 is resin plastic. When the core ceramic element 101 is assembled in the fastener 103, the spiral groove can be observed through the circular through hole, and the structural curved beam formed between the grooves can be forced to vibrate laterally up and down at the circular through hole. When the hydrophone body 100 is excited by a plane acoustic wave, an electrical signal is output through the upper and lower electrodes 102 of the core element. The structural curved beam will bend and deform under the excitation of the plane acoustic wave, thereby outputting an electrical signal.

[0033] Specifically, the structure of the core ceramic element 101 is a cylindrical sheet structure, wherein the ratio of the diameter to the thickness of the core ceramic element 101 is in the range of 6:1-200:1; the absolute thickness of the core ceramic element 101 is in the range of 10μm-3mm; the surface of the core ceramic element 101 is provided with a plurality of vortex-shaped wire grooves, and structural curved beams are formed between the wire grooves; the surface of the core ceramic element 101 is provided with a porous structure, and the core ceramic element 101 is divided into a double-hole core element 101a, a three-hole core element 101b and a four-hole core element 101c according to the number of through holes provided on its surface, such as Figure 3 shown.

[0034] Specifically, according to Figure 4 As shown, three groups of connecting plates 200a are arranged in sequence along the vertical direction of the cylinder body in the connecting cylinder 200, and the connecting cylinder 200 is divided into a first area, a second area, a third area and a fourth area from top to bottom by the three groups of connecting plates 200a; the reactor assembly is located in the first area and the second area; the winding mechanism is located in the third area and the fourth area.

[0035] Among them, according to Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the reactor assembly includes a reaction box 201 and a reaction drive assembly; the reaction drive assembly is located in the first area, and the reaction box 201 is located in the second area; the reaction drive assembly includes a cylinder 202, and the driving end of the cylinder 202 is connected to a striker 202a; the striker 202a extends into the reaction box 201 through the second area; the reaction box 201 is filled with baking soda and acetic acid; the reaction box 201 includes two rectangular box structures, which are relatively buckled and arranged, wherein a diaphragm 201a is provided at the buckling position, which is used to divide the two rectangular box bodies into two independent spaces, wherein baking soda is filled in the lower rectangular box body, and acetic acid is located in the upper rectangular box body; the striker 202a extends into the upper rectangular box body through the second area; both sides of the lower rectangular box body are respectively connected with air guide tubes 201c, and the ends of the two groups of air guide tubes 201c respectively pass through the connecting tube 200 and are connected with the second airbag 201c-1.

[0036] Among them, according to Figure 5 and Figure 7 As shown, the two rectangular box structures are connected with flanges at the relative buckling parts, and the flanges are bonded with bonding sheets 201b; wherein the flange of the rectangular box located at the bottom is provided with a groove, and the groove depth is equal to the thickness of the diaphragm 201a, and the diaphragm 201a is embedded in the groove formed by the flange of the rectangular box body below, and the upper and lower sides are bonded by the bonding sheet 201b.

[0037] Among them, according to Figure 4 and Figure 6As shown, the winding mechanism includes a winding roller 203, two groups of fixed frames 203b and a driving transmission mechanism; the two groups of fixed frames 203b are fixedly arranged in the fourth area, and the two ends of the winding roller 203 are respectively arranged on the two groups of fixed frames 203b, and a traction rope 203a is wound around the winding roller 203, and the traction rope 203a passes through the bottom of the connecting tube 200 and is connected to the anchor 203a-1; the driving transmission mechanism is located in the third area, and the output end of the driving transmission mechanism is connected to the driving end of the winding roller 203 through the fourth area.

[0038] Among them, according to Figure 4 and Figure 6 As shown, the driving transmission mechanism includes a motor 204 and a transmission belt; the motor 204 is located in the third area, and the transmission belt is arranged between the third area and the fourth area, wherein the end of the transmission belt located in the third area is provided with a first pulley 203c; the end of the transmission belt located in the fourth area is provided with a second pulley 204a; the driving end of the motor 204 is connected to the first pulley 203c, and the traction rope 203a is connected to the second pulley 204a.

[0039] Among them, according to Figure 1 As shown, the connecting tube 200 is also provided with a first airbag 200b, and the first airbag 200b is located below the second airbag 201c-1, wherein the weight of the first airbag 200b is equal to the weight of the anchor 203a-1.

[0040] In summary, the present embodiment provides a vortex-type hydrophone that is easy to recover and put into use. The hydrophone body 100 is connected by two hemispherical rubber shells 104 with transparent structures, which not only ensure the sealing and waterproof performance of the hydrophone body 100, but also provide good protection and support for the core ceramic element 101. The transparency of the rubber shell 104 allows the core ceramic element 101 and the electrode 102 inside to be clearly visible, which is convenient for detection and maintenance. The core ceramic element 101, as a key component of the hydrophone, is coated with electrodes 102 on its surface, which can effectively convert sound waves into electrical signals. The inner surfaces of the two rubber shells 104 are coated with electromagnetic shielding materials 105, which effectively prevents the influence of external electromagnetic interference on the performance of the hydrophone. The combination of the core ceramic element 101, the rubber shell 104 and the electromagnetic shielding material 105 enables the hydrophone to have excellent sound receiving ability and anti-interference performance. The connecting tube 200 in the recovery and delivery assembly not only plays the role of connecting the hydrophone body 100 and the recovery and delivery assembly, but also has a built-in reactor assembly and a winding mechanism. When the hydrophone needs to be recovered, the reactor assembly can generate gas and fill the second airbag 201c-1 to increase the buoyancy of the hydrophone, so that it can float to the water surface autonomously. When the hydrophone needs to be deployed, the anchor 203a-1 can be released through the winding mechanism, and the position of the hydrophone can be fixed by using the weight of the anchor 203a-1 and its ability to embed in the mud and sand. This design makes the recovery and deployment process of the hydrophone simple and fast, greatly improving work efficiency.

[0041] Example 2 This embodiment 2 provides a method for using a vortex-type hydrophone that is easy to recover and deploy, based on the above-mentioned vortex-type hydrophone that is easy to recover and deploy, including the following steps: When the encapsulated hydrophone body 100 is placed in water, the sound wave is incident along the thickness direction of the core ceramic element 101, and the underwater sound pressure induces the vortex-shaped beam to generate bending deformation. According to the characteristics of the bending deformation, the beam will generate a strain gradient along the thickness direction. The strain gradient can generate polarization charges on the surface of the core ceramic element 101 that can map the sound pressure or the sound pressure gradient through the flexoelectric effect. When the hydrophone body 100 is recovered, the hydrophone body 100 is actively floated through the connecting tube 200, wherein the connecting tube 200 is provided with a second air bag 201c-1 on the outside and a reactor assembly on the inside, and the gas guide ends of the reactor assembly are respectively connected with the second air bag 201c-1. When the hydrophone body 100 fails, the reactor assembly reacts inside to inflate the second air bag 201c-1, thereby increasing the buoyancy of the hydrophone body 100, so that the hydrophone can float autonomously; When the hydrophone body 100 is deployed, the reeling end of the reeling mechanism is passed through the anchor 203a-1 connected to the bottom of the connecting tube 200, and the anchor 203a-1 can be embedded in the mud and sand in the water to increase friction, thereby fixing the hydrophone body 100.

[0042] In this embodiment, the curve equation of the center line of the vortex line groove satisfies: r=a+bθ, where r represents the distance from a certain point on the vortex line to the origin, θ represents the angle between the point and the positive direction of the x-axis, and a and b are constants, representing the starting radius of the vortex line and the pitch parameter of the vortex line, respectively. Multiple vortex line grooves do not intersect each other, and all line grooves are evenly distributed in an array along the circumference of the sheet.

[0043] In this embodiment, the core ceramic component 101 is prepared from hard ceramic powder materials such as barium strontium titanate, barium titanate, and strontium titanate with a relatively high flexoelectric coefficient. The overall shape of the component is a cylindrical sheet material. The core ceramic component 101 is divided into a double-hole core component 101a, a three-hole core component 101b, and a four-hole core component 101c according to the number of through holes opened on its surface.

[0044] In this embodiment, the rubber shell 104 is made of sound-transmitting polyurethane material, and the inner surface of the rubber shell 104 is coated with an electromagnetic shielding material 105, which is a conductive copper paint mixed with a nickel-iron alloy. The rubber shell 104 is filled with castor oil, so that the rubber shell 104 has an acoustic impedance characteristic that matches water, and the sound pressure intensity loss after the sound wave is transmitted is less than 10%. The outer surface is smooth and can completely transmit plane sound waves from all directions to the core ceramic element 101 without distortion of the sound waves. At the same time, the hydrophone body 100 is complete. When in use, it needs to be used in conjunction with an external circuit. The external circuit includes but is not limited to a charge amplifier circuit, a filter circuit, a follower circuit, a subtraction circuit, etc.

[0045] In this embodiment, when the packaged hydrophone body 100 is placed in water, the sound wave is incident along the thickness direction of the core ceramic element 101, and the underwater sound pressure will induce the vortex-shaped beam to produce bending deformation, that is, deflection along the thickness direction. Due to the characteristics of bending deformation, the beam will produce a strain gradient along the thickness direction. The strain gradient can generate polarization charges on the surface of the core element that can map the sound pressure or the sound pressure gradient through the flexoelectric effect.

[0046] In order to recover the vortex-line hydrophone in this embodiment, the scheme adopts an active floating method, so that the vortex-line hydrophone can increase its own buoyancy after a failure occurs, so that the vortex-line hydrophone can quickly float to the horizontal plane, and then the maintenance personnel can repair the vortex-line hydrophone after salvaging. Specifically, it includes a connecting tube 200 assembled at the bottom of the hydrophone body 100, and the connecting tube 200 is used to load other components set for the active floating of the vortex-line hydrophone. At the same time, since the hydrophone body 100 has a certain weight, in order to make the device itself suspendable, the connecting tube 200 is composed of a buoyant material, and the buoyancy of the connecting tube 200 is equal to the weight of the hydrophone body 100. Further, in order to realize the active floating of the vortex-line hydrophone when a failure occurs, it is necessary to increase the buoyancy of the vortex-line hydrophone. Therefore, baking soda and acetic acid are used to bind the buoyant material. After the reaction is completed, a large amount of carbon dioxide will be generated. A reaction box 201 is assembled in the connecting tube 200. The reaction box 201 is filled with baking soda and acetic acid respectively, and a diaphragm 201a is provided in the reaction box 201. The baking soda and acetic acid are separated by the diaphragm 201a. An air guide tube 201c is integrally connected to the side of the reaction box 201, and a second air bag 201c-1 is fixedly sleeved outside the connecting tube 200, and the end of the air guide tube 201c passes through the connecting tube 200 and is connected with the second air bag 201c-1. When a fault occurs, the diaphragm 201a is punctured through other structures, so that the acetic acid and baking soda are mixed to generate a large amount of carbon dioxide. A large amount of carbon dioxide enters the second air bag 201c-1 through the air guide tube 201c, so that the originally deflated second air bag 201c-1 is filled with gas, thereby increasing the buoyancy of the hydrophone body 100, so that the hydrophone can float autonomously.

[0047] In order to facilitate the filling of baking soda and acetic acid, the reaction box 201 is configured to consist of two identical rectangular box bodies. At the same time, in order to facilitate the connection and sealing of the two rectangular box bodies, a flange is integrally connected at the edge of the rectangular box body, and a bonding sheet 201b is attached to the flange. The flange of the rectangular box body located at the bottom is provided with a groove, and the groove depth is equal to the thickness of the diaphragm 201a. When the diaphragm 201a is attached to the lower box body, the upper box body is attached to the surface of the diaphragm 201a, so that the diaphragm 201a divides the reaction box 201 into two independent spaces. When setting up, first fill the baking soda in the lower box body, and at the same time, attach the diaphragm 201a to the surface of the lower box body for temporary sealing, and then pour acetic acid into the upper box body. At the same time, the lower box body together with the diaphragm 201a is buckled in the upper box body, and the upper box body and the lower box body are sealed by bolts through the flange to form a reaction box 201. At the same time, the diaphragm 201a is used to separate acetic acid and baking soda. The baking soda is filled in the lower box body and sealed by the diaphragm 201a. The acetic acid is located in the upper box body and is blocked by the diaphragm 201a. A striker 202a is connected to the upper box body seal, and the end of the striker 202a is connected to the cylinder 202. When a fault occurs, the cylinder 202 is started, and the cylinder 202 drives the striker 202a to move downward, and the striker 202a is used to pierce the diaphragm 201a, so that the acetic acid above flows into the baking soda below to produce a large amount of carbon dioxide.

[0048] In order to increase the fixity of the vortex-line hydrophone in the present application after it is deployed and to facilitate its later search, a corresponding counterweight device is required to be provided on the vortex-line hydrophone so that the vortex-line hydrophone is fixed at the deployment point by the counterweight. In the present embodiment, the characteristic of the anchor 203a-1 that it can be embedded in the mud in the water to increase the friction force is utilized to fix the vortex-line hydrophone. However, when the vortex-line hydrophone fails, it needs to float and needs to be suspended in the water at different depths to collect data. Therefore, a mechanism capable of reeling in the vortex-line hydrophone is required to collect and deploy the anchor 203a-1. Therefore, in the present embodiment, a pair of fixing frames 203b are installed near the bottom end of the connecting tube 200, and a reeling roller 203 is installed between the fixing frames 203b by means of bearings, and a traction rope 203a is wound around the reeling roller 203. The traction rope 203a passes through the bottom of the connecting tube 200 and is connected to the anchor 203a-1. One end of the winding roller 203 is extended to the outside of the fixing frame 203b and is sleeved with a first pulley 203c. The first pulley 203c is connected to the second pulley 204a through a belt, and the center of one side of the second pulley 204a is connected to the motor 204. When the motor 204 rotates, the first pulley 203c is driven to rotate by the second pulley 204a. Since the first pulley 203c and the winding roller 203 are integrally connected, the synchronous winding roller 203 will rotate synchronously in the same direction. When the winding roller 203 rotates synchronously in the same direction, the traction rope 203a thereon can be wound and released, thereby controlling the retraction and release of the anchor 203a-1 at the end of the traction rope 203a. In order to ensure stability, the winding roller 203 is installed in the connecting tube 200 by using the fixing frame 203b. In order to ensure that all components can be fixedly installed in the connecting tube 200 without causing vibration that affects the operation of the equipment, a plurality of connecting plates 200a are provided in the connecting tube 200, and the cylinder 202, the reaction box 201 and the fixing frame 203b are respectively installed on different connecting plates 200a, wherein the fixing frame 203b is installed on the lower surface of the connecting plate 200a.

[0049] In this embodiment, the second airbag 201c-1 provides additional buoyancy for the hydrophone, but in the initial state the vortex-type hydrophone also needs to have a certain buoyancy so that the vortex-type hydrophone can float in the water without sinking to the bottom. Therefore, the first airbag 200b is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the connecting tube 200 and located below the second airbag 201c-1, and the buoyancy of the first airbag 200b is equal to the weight of the anchor 203a-1.

[0050] The application of the size-dependent flexoelectric effect in this embodiment reduces the size of the hydrophone core ceramic element 101 while increasing the flexoelectric polarization charge per unit surface area when receiving underwater plane sound waves, which can effectively improve the sensitivity level of the miniaturized hydrophone, thereby meeting the high sensitivity and miniaturization requirements of the hydrophone.

[0051] In this embodiment, a plurality of vortex line slots are introduced into the structural design of the hydrophone ceramic core element. By introducing a plurality of slots in a circular thin plate, a beam structure with an arc can be formed between any two slots. When excited by underwater sound waves, each beam will produce a large bending deformation, which exceeds the deformation that can be produced by a traditional beam structure (such as a cantilever beam). This bending deformation can increase the surface polarization charge through the flexoelectric effect and reduce the resonant frequency of the structure so that the hydrophone has a lower operating frequency band. Therefore, the ceramic element using the vortex line slot structure can reduce the operating frequency of the hydrophone while improving the sensitivity of the hydrophone.

[0052] The vortex line hydrophone uses a multi-beam structure formed by processing multiple vortex line grooves to measure the sound pressure or sound pressure gradient along a specific direction. Through the simultaneous bending and deformation of multiple beam structures, the output end electrical signal is more stable, thereby improving the hydrophone's precise positioning accuracy of the sound signal. Although it has a multi-beam structure, it maintains a compact assembly size, is easy to directly apply, and can realize the detection of high-precision hydroacoustic signals.

[0053] This embodiment adopts an active floating method, so that the hydrophone can increase its own buoyancy after a failure occurs, so that the hydrophone can quickly float to the horizontal plane, and then the maintenance personnel can repair the hydrophone after salvaging. Compared with the traditional method of releasing ropes, this method is not controlled by the release depth, thereby expanding the application range of the hydrophone.

[0054] In the present embodiment, the method for increasing the buoyancy of the water weather itself is to provide a reaction box 201 in the connecting tube 200 below the hydrophone, and the reaction box 201 stores baking soda and acetic acid respectively through the diaphragm 201a, and at the same time, a striker 202a is connected to the reaction box 201 by means of a cylinder 202. When the hydrophone fails, the cylinder 202 pushes the striker 202a to pierce the diaphragm 201a, so that the baking soda and acetic acid are mixed to produce a large amount of carbon dioxide, which enters the second airbag 201c-1 through the air guide tube 201c, so that the second airbag 201c-1 is filled with gas, so that the water hydrogen gas floats upward quickly under the double buoyancy of the first airbag 200b and the second airbag 201c-1.

[0055] In this embodiment, a traction rope 203a is wound on the winding roller 203, and an anchor 203a-1 is connected with the traction rope 203a. When the hydrophone reaches the predetermined release position, the winding roller 203 releases the traction rope 203a to make the anchor 203a-1 contact the seabed. The hydrophone will drift to a certain extent under the action of wind and waves, so that the traction rope 203a is used to pull the anchor 203a-1 to tilt, and the anchor 203a-1 is embedded in the seabed to fix the hydrophone. Compared with the traditional hydrophone counterweight, the use of the anchor 203a-1 in this embodiment can greatly reduce the hydrophone from deviating from the predetermined position due to the action of wind and waves, thereby losing direction when searching for the hydrophone. In this application, the feature of the anchor 203a-1 that can hook into the seabed mud is used to increase friction so that the hydrophone is easy to search within a certain range.

[0056] In summary, the present embodiment provides a method for using a vortex-line hydrophone that is easy to recover and put. After the hydrophone body 100 is placed in water, the sound wave is incident along the thickness direction of the core ceramic element 101, which can effectively induce the vortex-shaped beam to produce bending deformation. This design enables the hydrophone to efficiently receive and convert underwater sound wave signals, thereby improving the sensitivity and accuracy of sound wave detection. When the hydrophone body 100 needs to be recovered, active buoyancy adjustment can be achieved by connecting the second airbag 201c-1 outside the tube 200 and the reactor assembly inside. Once the hydrophone body 100 fails, the reactor assembly reacts inside and inflates the second airbag 201c-1, thereby rapidly increasing the buoyancy of the hydrophone, allowing it to float to the water surface autonomously, which is convenient for subsequent recovery and processing. This design not only improves the recovery efficiency of the hydrophone, but also reduces the recovery cost. When the hydrophone body 100 is deployed, the reeling end of the reeling mechanism is passed through the anchor 203a-1 connected to the bottom of the connecting tube 200, and the anchor 203a-1 is embedded in the mud and sand in the water to increase friction, so that the hydrophone body 100 can be effectively fixed. This deployment and fixing method is not only simple and fast, but also can provide a stable and reliable fixing effect, ensuring that the hydrophone maintains a stable posture and position during long-term underwater operations.

[0057] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, ordinary technicians in the relevant field should understand that the specific implementation methods of the present invention can still be modified or replaced by equivalents. Any modification or equivalent replacement that does not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vortex line hydrophone that is easy to recover and deploy, characterized in that: It comprises a hydrophone body (100) and a recovery and delivery component; The hydrophone body (100) comprises two rubber shells (104) and a core ceramic element (101); The two rubber shells (104) are both hemispherical transparent structures, and the two rubber shells (104) are relatively buckled and connected; the core ceramic element (101) is arranged in the two rubber shells (104), and the two ends of the core ceramic element (101) are respectively clamped between the two rubber shells (104); the surface of the core ceramic element (101) is coated with an electrode (102); the inner surfaces of the two rubber shells (104) are coated with an electromagnetic shielding material (105); and the two rubber shells (104) are filled with castor oil; The recovery and delivery assembly comprises a connecting tube (200); the top end of the connecting tube (200) is fixed to the bottom of the rubber housing (104) located below; the outside of the connecting tube (200) is provided with a second air bag (201c-1); A reactor assembly and a reeling mechanism are provided in the connecting tube (200); the gas-guiding ends of the reactor assembly are respectively connected to the second airbags (201c-1); and the reeling end of the reeling mechanism penetrates the bottom of the connecting tube (200) and is connected to an anchor (203a-1).

2. A vortex-line hydrophone that is easy to recover and deploy according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two groups of fasteners (103) are provided at the relative buckling positions of the two rubber shells (104), a through-hole structure is formed between the two groups of fasteners (103), the core ceramic element (101) is located in the through-hole structure, and the two ends of the core ceramic element (101) are respectively clamped in the two groups of fasteners (103).

3. A vortex line hydrophone that is easy to recover and deploy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The structure of the core ceramic element (101) is a cylindrical sheet structure, wherein the ratio of the diameter to the thickness of the core ceramic element (101) is in the range of 6:1-200:1; the absolute thickness of the core ceramic element (101) is in the range of 10 μm-3 mm; a plurality of spiral grooves are provided on the surface of the core ceramic element (101), structural curved beams are formed between the grooves, and a porous structure is provided on the surface of the core ceramic element (101).

4. A vortex line hydrophone that is easy to recover and deploy according to claim 1, characterized in that: Three groups of connection plates (200a) are sequentially arranged in the connection cylinder (200) along the vertical direction of the cylinder body, and the connection cylinder (200) is divided from top to bottom into a first area, a second area, a third area and a fourth area by the three groups of connection plates (200a); the reactor assembly is located in the first area and the second area; and the winding mechanism is located in the third area and the fourth area.

5. A vortex line hydrophone that is easy to recover and deploy according to claim 4, characterized in that: The reactor assembly comprises a reaction box (201) and a reaction drive assembly; The reaction drive component is located in the first area, and the reaction box (201) is located in the second area; The reaction drive assembly comprises a cylinder (202), and a driving end of the cylinder (202) is connected to a striker (202a); the striker (202a) extends into the reaction box (201) through the second area; The reaction box (201) is filled with baking soda and acetic acid; the reaction box (201) comprises two rectangular box structures, which are arranged to be buckled relative to each other, wherein a diaphragm (201a) is provided at the buckling position, for dividing the two rectangular box bodies into two independent spaces, wherein baking soda is filled in the lower rectangular box body, and acetic acid is located in the upper rectangular box body; The striker (202a) extends into the upper rectangular box through the second area; Air guide tubes (201c) are respectively provided on both sides of the lower rectangular box body, and the ends of the two groups of air guide tubes (201c) respectively penetrate the connecting tube (200) and are connected to the second air bag (201c-1).

6. A vortex-line hydrophone that is easy to recover and deploy according to claim 5, characterized in that: The two rectangular box structures are respectively connected with flanges at the relative buckling positions, and a bonding sheet (201b) is bonded to the flanges; wherein the flange of the rectangular box located at the bottom is provided with a groove, and the groove depth is equal to the thickness of the diaphragm (201a); the diaphragm (201a) is embedded in the groove provided by the flange of the rectangular box at the bottom, and the upper and lower sides are bonded by the bonding sheet (201b).

7. A vortex line hydrophone that is easy to recover and deploy according to claim 4, characterized in that: The winding mechanism comprises a winding roller (203), two sets of fixing frames (203b) and a driving transmission mechanism; Two groups of fixing frames (203b) are fixedly arranged in the fourth area, and the two ends of the winding roller (203) are respectively arranged on the two groups of fixing frames (203b), and a traction rope (203a) is wound around the winding roller (203), and the traction rope (203a) passes through the bottom of the connecting tube (200) and is connected to the anchor (203a-1); the driving transmission mechanism is located in the third area, and the output end of the driving transmission mechanism is connected to the driving end of the winding roller (203) through the fourth area.

8. A vortex-line hydrophone that is easy to recover and deploy according to claim 7, characterized in that: The drive transmission mechanism comprises a motor (204) and a transmission belt; The motor (204) is located in the third area, and the transmission belt is arranged between the third area and the fourth area, wherein the end of the transmission belt located in the third area is sleeved with a first belt pulley (203c); and the end of the transmission belt located in the fourth area is sleeved with a second belt pulley (204a); The driving end of the motor (204) is connected to the first belt pulley (203c), and the traction rope (203a) is connected to the second belt pulley (204a).

9. A vortex-line hydrophone that is easy to recover and deploy according to claim 7, characterized in that: The connecting tube (200) is also sleeved with a first airbag (200b), the first airbag (200b) being located below the second airbag (201c-1), wherein the weight of the first airbag (200b) is equal to the weight of the anchor (203a-1).

10. A method for using a vortex-type hydrophone that is easy to recover and deploy, based on the vortex-type hydrophone that is easy to recover and deploy as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The steps include: When the encapsulated hydrophone body (100) is placed in water, sound waves are incident along the thickness direction of the core ceramic element (101), and the underwater sound pressure induces the vortex-shaped beam to generate bending deformation. According to the characteristics of the bending deformation, a strain gradient is generated along the thickness direction of the beam. The strain gradient can generate polarization charges on the surface of the core ceramic element (101) that can map the sound pressure or the magnitude of the sound pressure gradient through the flexoelectric effect; When the hydrophone body (100) is recovered, the hydrophone body (100) is actively floated via the connecting tube (200), wherein a second air bag (201c-1) is provided on the outside of the connecting tube (200), and a reactor assembly is provided inside the connecting tube, wherein the gas guide ends of the reactor assembly are respectively connected to the second air bags (201c-1), and when the hydrophone body (100) fails, a reaction is carried out inside the reactor assembly so that the second air bag (201c-1) is inflated, thereby increasing the buoyancy of the hydrophone body (100), so that the hydrophone can float autonomously; When the hydrophone body (100) is deployed, the reeling end of the reeling mechanism is passed through the anchor (203a-1) connected to the bottom of the connecting tube (200), and the anchor (203a-1) is embedded in the mud and sand in the water to increase friction, thereby fixing the hydrophone body (100).

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