An indoor test device and test method for simulating geological bulk disasters

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of fluid simulation technology, and specifically discloses an indoor test device and test method for simulating geological bulk disasters. The lower end of the rectangular plate of the device is hinged to the top of the base, and the upper end is connected to the support frame, and the support frame is provided with a driving mechanism and rollers; the storage box of the storage box mechanism is slidably arranged on the rectangular plate and the end face is provided with an opening and closing door, the lower part of the telescopic rod is connected to the storage box and the upper part is fixed to the upper end of the rectangular plate; the table of the impact force test system is arranged below the rectangular plate, and the weighing sensor and the impact force collector are arranged on the table; the speedometer is fixed on both sides of the rectangular plate; the sensor of the vibration signal acquisition system is fixed on the rectangular plate and the table and is electrically connected to the dynamic test unit; the image collector is fixed on the side and top of the rectangular plate. The test method includes the steps of sample preparation, test device preparation, process simulation, data and image acquisition, and data analysis. The present invention has the characteristics of simple structure, free variable adjustment, and diverse detection signals.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of fluid simulation, and in particular relates to an indoor test device and a test method for simulating geological bulk disasters, which have simple structure, free variable adjustment, and diverse detection signals. Background Art

[0002] In geology, geological bulk refers to aggregates of materials formed under natural conditions or during geological processes, with no or very weak cohesion between particles. Because these particles often lack effective cohesion, they are susceptible to movement or deformation under external forces, leading to geological bulk hazards such as mudslides and debris flows.

[0003] Geological bulk disasters are sudden and unpredictable. Their rapid flow, high volume, and destructive power often destroy crops, transportation infrastructure, and even towns, posing a serious threat to human life and property. To reduce or even eliminate the hazards of geological bulk disasters, researchers have extensively studied the mechanisms of debris flows, including debris flows, and have achieved considerable success. However, the complex water and sand accumulation processes of geological bulk disasters are the product of a combination of natural and human factors. Consequently, the actual effects of geological bulk disasters differ significantly from theoretical analyses, depending on the region, precipitation, topography, and geological structure. Consequently, theoretical models of geological bulk disasters require continuous refinement.

[0004] Debris flow simulation tests are a common method for revising theoretical models of bulk geological hazards. Existing debris flow simulations simulate the debris flow's occurrence and trajectory under different conditions, recording the velocity, impact force, and changes in seismic signals. This approach reveals the impact of factors such as precipitation, topography, and geological structure on debris flow formation. This allows for an assessment of the potential harm of debris flows, which in turn leads to the development of targeted prevention and control measures, ultimately revising theoretical models. However, current debris flow simulation test equipment primarily conducts indoor tests on a single variable (e.g., volume, slope, or height), making it difficult to freely adjust the slope, volume, and height of the test as needed. Furthermore, most existing debris flow simulation equipment focuses solely on acquiring single or localized debris flow simulation data, making it difficult to simultaneously capture debris flow velocity, impact force, and vibration signals, as well as the post-flow morphology. This limits the scope of these simulation applications. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides an indoor test device for simulating geological bulk disasters with a simple structure, free variable adjustment, and diverse detection signals, and also provides an indoor test method for simulating geological bulk disasters.

[0006] The indoor test device for simulating geological bulk disasters of the present invention is realized as follows: it includes a fixed base, a slope mechanism, a material storage box mechanism, an impact force testing system, a velocimeter, a vibration signal acquisition system, an image collector, and an acquisition controller.

[0007] The ramp mechanism includes a rectangular plate, a hinge mechanism, and a support frame. The rectangular plate is tilted and the lower end is hinged to the top of the fixed base through the hinge mechanism. The upper end of the rectangular plate is connected to the vertically arranged support frame. The support frame is provided with a driving mechanism for driving the upper end of the rectangular plate to move up and down. The bottom end of the support frame is provided with a roller.

[0008] The material storage box mechanism includes a material storage box, an opening and closing door, and a telescopic rod. The material storage box is slidably arranged on the upper surface of the rectangular plate, the opening and closing door is arranged on the upper end surface and / or the lower end surface of the material storage box, and the telescopic rod extends along the inclined direction of the rectangular plate. The lower part of the telescopic rod is connected to the material storage box and the upper part is fixedly connected to the upper end of the rectangular plate.

[0009] The impact force testing system includes an impact force testing table, a weighing sensor and an impact force collector, wherein the impact force testing table is arranged parallel to and below the lower end of the rectangular plate, and the weighing sensor and the impact force collector are respectively arranged on the impact force testing table;

[0010] The speedometers are fixedly arranged on both sides of the lower end of the rectangular plate in the oblique extension direction;

[0011] The vibration signal acquisition system includes a vibration sensor and a dynamic testing unit. The vibration sensor is fixedly mounted on the lower surface of the rectangular plate and the impact force test table, respectively. The vibration sensor is electrically connected to the dynamic testing unit to process the vibration signal.

[0012] The image collectors are respectively fixedly arranged on the side of the rectangular plate and above the plate in the tilting direction;

[0013] The driving mechanism, the opening and closing door, the telescopic rod, the weighing sensor, the impact force collector, the speed meter, the dynamic test unit and the image collector are electrically connected to the collection controller respectively.

[0014] Furthermore, transparent baffles are fixedly provided on both sides of the rectangular plate along the tilting direction, and the speed meter is fixed on the transparent baffle at the lower end of the rectangular plate.

[0015] Furthermore, the rotating shaft of the hinge mechanism is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the rectangular plate in the inclined direction close to the lower end, and an angular displacement sensor is provided on the rotating shaft of the hinge mechanism, and the angular displacement sensor is electrically connected to the acquisition controller.

[0016] Furthermore, the driving mechanism is any one of a linear motor, a motor-screw mechanism, an oil cylinder lifting mechanism, and a pneumatic cylinder lifting mechanism; it also includes a slope controller, the angular displacement sensor and the driving mechanism are electrically connected to the slope controller respectively, and the slope controller is electrically connected to the acquisition controller.

[0017] Furthermore, the opening and closing doors can be electrically controlled to open and close, and the opening and closing doors include rotating opening and closing doors and pull-out opening and closing doors. The upper end face and the lower end face of the storage box are provided with the same or different types of opening and closing doors; the telescopic rod can be electrically controlled and telescopic along the inclination direction of the rectangular plate; and a storage controller is also included, and the opening and closing doors and the telescopic rod are electrically connected to the storage controller respectively, and the storage controller is electrically connected to the collection controller.

[0018] Furthermore, the upper end face and the lower end face of the storage box are respectively provided with a rotating opening and closing door and a pull-out opening and closing door, and the two sides of the storage box are respectively symmetrically provided with connecting platforms perpendicular to the bottom surface of the storage box, and the lower part of the telescopic rod is correspondingly provided with a connecting groove perpendicular to the axis, and the connecting platform can be slidably inserted into the connecting groove.

[0019] Furthermore, the upper surface of the impact force test table is divided into checkerboard-like grids, and the weighing sensor is arranged on the lower surface of the impact force test table and supports the impact force test table to form a suspended state.

[0020] Furthermore, the width of the impact force test table is not less than twice the width of the rectangular plate, and the length of the impact force test table is greater than the farthest movement distance of the pre-simulated geological bulk sample.

[0021] The indoor test method for simulating geological bulk disasters of the present invention is implemented as follows: based on the aforementioned indoor test device for simulating geological bulk disasters, the method includes sample preparation, test device preparation, process simulation, data and image acquisition, and data analysis steps. The specific steps are as follows:

[0022] A. Sample preparation: According to the test requirements, dry geological bulk samples of different particle sizes are mixed and loaded into the storage box;

[0023] B. Test Equipment Preparation: According to the test requirements, the acquisition controller controls the drive mechanism to adjust the tilt angle of the rectangular plate and controls the telescopic rod to adjust the height difference between the opening and closing door on the lower end surface of the storage box and the impact test table;

[0024] C. Process simulation: First, start the impact force test system, velocimeter, vibration signal acquisition system, image collector and acquisition controller, then control the opening and closing door on the lower end surface of the storage box to open, so that the sample in the storage box slides to the upper surface of the impact force test table at the bottom of the slope with an initial velocity of zero;

[0025] D. Data and image acquisition: During the sliding process, the impact force test system, velocimeter, and vibration signal acquisition system respectively collect corresponding data, and the image collector collects real-time motion characteristics; after the sliding is completed, the maximum movement distance and maximum lateral stacking width of the sample are immediately measured;

[0026] E. Data analysis: The acquisition controller stores the above data, real-time motion characteristics, the farthest movement distance of the sample and the maximum lateral accumulation width, and then uses the analysis model to analyze the stored data to obtain the test results of simulated geological bulk disasters.

[0027] Furthermore, the step A includes the following sub-steps:

[0028] A10. Place the geological bulk sample in a well-ventilated and well-lit room and air-dry it to the predetermined moisture content;

[0029] A20, screening the air-dried bulk geological sample to obtain bulk geological samples of different particle sizes;

[0030] A30. Dyeing geological bulk particles of different sizes to obtain a variety of geological bulk samples of different colors;

[0031] A40. According to the test requirements, mix the geological bulk samples of different colors corresponding to different particle sizes, and then load the mixed samples into the storage box as required.

[0032] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0033] 1. The test device of the present invention is provided with a slope mechanism capable of adjusting the inclination angle, and an openable storage box is slidably arranged on the upper surface of a rectangular plate of the slope mechanism, and a telescopic rod is provided on the rectangular plate to drive the storage box to move along the inclination direction, so that the volume of the geological bulk sample in the storage box and the slope and height of the test can be freely adjusted according to the test requirements, and geological bulk disasters under different working conditions can be simulated.

[0034] 2. The test device of the present invention can measure the flow velocity of geological bulk particles in real time by setting velocimeters on both sides of the lower end of the rectangular plate in the direction of inclined extension. The impact force test table in the impact force test system can not only bear the geological bulk, but also facilitate the measurement of the farthest movement distance and the maximum lateral accumulation width after the occurrence of the geological bulk disaster. The weighing sensor and impact force collector on the impact force test table can respectively obtain the mass and impact force of the geological bulk. The vibration sensor of the vibration signal acquisition system can respectively collect the vibration of the rectangular plate and the impact force test table when the geological bulk disaster occurs. The image collector can collect and analyze the real-time motion characteristics of the geological bulk sample during the movement process. Therefore, the test device of the present invention can simultaneously obtain the speed, impact force and vibration signals of the entire process of the geological bulk disaster, as well as the real-time motion characteristics of the geological bulk disaster and the morphology after the end, etc., making the test data richer and conducive to improving the scientificity and comprehensiveness of the research on geological bulk disasters.

[0035] 3. The test device of the present invention can not only freely adjust the volume of the geological bulk sample in the storage box and the slope and height of the test, but also simultaneously obtain the speed, impact force and vibration signals during geological bulk disasters, as well as the real-time motion characteristics of the geological bulk and the post-end morphology and other detection signals. It overcomes the problems of the existing geological bulk disaster simulation test device that it is difficult to freely adjust the slope, volume and height of the test according to needs, and most of them only focus on the acquisition of single or local geological bulk disaster simulation data, effectively expanding the simulation application range of the geological bulk disaster simulation test device.

[0036] 4. The test device of the present invention has an open structure, which makes it easy to observe the movement state of the geological bulk sample during the test and facilitates the adjustment and maintenance of the test device.

[0037] 5. The test method of the present invention can not only simulate geological bulk disasters under different working conditions, but also has a simple test process and can obtain accurate and reliable diverse detection signals.

[0038] In summary, the present invention has the characteristics of simple structure, free variable adjustment, and diverse detection signals. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of an indoor test device for simulating geological bulk disasters according to the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A top view of

[0041] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention after removing the storage box mechanism;

[0042] Figure 4 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure after removing the storage box mechanism;

[0043] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the material storage box mechanism of the present invention;

[0044] In the figure: 1-fixed base, 2-ramp mechanism, 21-rectangular plate, 22-hinge mechanism, 23-support frame, 24-roller, 25-transparent baffle, 26-ramp controller, 3-storage box mechanism, 31-storage box, 32-opening and closing door, 33-telescopic rod, 34-connecting platform, 35-connecting slot, 4-impact force testing system, 41-impact force testing table, 42-weighing sensor, 43-impact force collector, 5-speedometer, 6-vibration signal acquisition system, 61-vibration sensor, 62-dynamic test unit, 7-image collector, 8-acquisition controller. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but the present invention is not limited in any way. Any changes or improvements made based on the teachings of the present invention fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the indoor test device for simulating geological bulk disasters of the present invention includes a fixed base 1, a slope mechanism 2, a material storage box mechanism 3, an impact force testing system 4, a velocimeter 5, a vibration signal acquisition system 6, an image collector 7, and an acquisition controller 8.

[0047] The ramp mechanism 2 includes a rectangular plate 21, a hinge mechanism 22, and a support frame 23. The rectangular plate 21 is tilted and its lower end is hinged to the top of the fixed base 1 through the hinge mechanism 22. The upper end of the rectangular plate 21 is connected to the vertical support frame 23. The support frame 23 is provided with a driving mechanism (not shown in the figure) for driving the upper end of the rectangular plate 21 to move up and down. The bottom end of the support frame 23 is provided with a roller 24.

[0048] The material storage box mechanism 3 includes a material storage box 31, an opening and closing door 32, and a telescopic rod 33. The material storage box 31 is slidably arranged on the upper surface of the rectangular plate 21, and the opening and closing door 32 is arranged on the upper end surface and / or lower end surface of the material storage box 31. The telescopic rod 33 extends along the inclination direction of the rectangular plate 21. The lower part of the telescopic rod 33 is connected to the material storage box 31 and the upper part is fixedly connected to the upper end of the rectangular plate 21.

[0049] The impact force testing system 4 includes an impact force testing table 41, a weighing sensor 42 and an impact force collector 43. The impact force testing table 41 is arranged parallel to and below the lower end of the rectangular plate 21. The weighing sensor 42 and the impact force collector 43 are respectively arranged on the impact force testing table 41.

[0050] The speed meter 5 is fixedly arranged on both sides of the lower end of the rectangular plate 21 in the direction of the inclined extension;

[0051] The vibration signal acquisition system 6 includes a vibration sensor 61 and a dynamic testing unit 62. The vibration sensor 61 is fixedly mounted on the lower surface of the rectangular plate 21 and the impact force test table 41 (the vibration sensor 61 under the impact force test table 41 is not shown in the figure). The vibration sensor 61 is electrically connected to the dynamic testing unit 62 to process the vibration signal.

[0052] The image collectors 7 are respectively fixedly arranged on the side of the rectangular plate 21 and above the inclined direction;

[0053] The driving mechanism, the opening and closing door 32 , the telescopic rod 33 , the weighing sensor 42 , the impact force collector 43 , the velocimeter 5 , the dynamic testing unit 62 and the image collector 7 are electrically connected to the collection controller 8 respectively.

[0054] Transparent baffles 25 are fixedly provided on both sides of the rectangular plate 21 along the tilting direction, and the speedometer 5 is fixed on the transparent baffle 25 at the lower end of the rectangular plate 21 .

[0055] The rectangular plate 21 , the material storage box 31 and / or the impact force testing table 41 are made of transparent material.

[0056] The image collector 7 is a camera or a camera.

[0057] The weighing sensor 42 is an LD-1C single-point weighing sensor, and the impact force collector 43 is a CB-CJ5 impact force collector. The sampling frequency of the weighing sensor 42 and the impact force collector 43 is 50 Hz and the trigger value is 0.2N.

[0058] The vibration sensor 61 is a piezoelectric vibration sensor with a built-in signal amplifier, and the dynamic test unit 62 is a DH5922N dynamic signal test system.

[0059] The rotating shaft of the hinge mechanism 22 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the rectangular plate 21 in the tilt direction close to the lower end. An angular displacement sensor is provided on the rotating shaft of the hinge mechanism 22 , and the angular displacement sensor is electrically connected to the acquisition controller 8 .

[0060] The driving mechanism is any one of a linear motor, a motor-screw mechanism, an oil cylinder lifting mechanism, and a pneumatic cylinder lifting mechanism; it also includes a slope controller 26, the angular displacement sensor and the driving mechanism are electrically connected to the slope controller 26 respectively, and the slope controller 26 is electrically connected to the acquisition controller 8.

[0061] The opening and closing door 32 can be electrically controlled to open and close. The opening and closing door 32 includes a rotating opening and closing door and a pull-out opening and closing door. The upper end face and the lower end face of the storage box 31 are provided with the same or different types of opening and closing doors 32; the telescopic rod 33 can be electrically controlled and telescoped along the tilt direction of the rectangular plate 21.

[0062] The upper and lower end surfaces of the storage box 31 are respectively provided with a rotating opening and closing door and a pull-out opening and closing door. The two sides of the storage box 31 are symmetrically provided with connecting platforms 34 perpendicular to the bottom surface of the storage box 31. The lower part of the telescopic rod 33 is correspondingly provided with a connecting groove 35 perpendicular to the axis, and the connecting platform 34 can be slidably inserted into the connecting groove 35.

[0063] The upper surface of the impact force test table 41 is divided into checkerboard-like grids, and the weighing sensor 42 is arranged on the lower surface of the impact force test table 41 and supports the impact force test table 41 to form a suspended state.

[0064] The width of the impact force test table 41 is not less than twice the width of the rectangular plate 21 , and the length of the impact force test table 41 is greater than the maximum movement distance of the pre-simulated geological bulk sample.

[0065] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the indoor test method for simulating geological bulk materials of the present invention is based on the aforementioned indoor test device for simulating geological bulk material disasters, and includes sample preparation, test device preparation, process simulation, data and image acquisition, and data analysis steps. The specific steps are as follows:

[0066] A. Sample preparation: According to the test requirements, dry bulk geological samples of different particle sizes are mixed and loaded into the storage box 31;

[0067] B. Test Device Preparation: According to the test requirements, the acquisition controller 8 controls the drive mechanism to adjust the tilt angle of the rectangular plate 21 and controls the telescopic rod 33 to adjust the height difference between the opening and closing door 32 on the lower end surface of the storage box 31 and the impact force test table 41;

[0068] C. Process simulation: First, the impact force test system 4, velocimeter 5, vibration signal acquisition system 6, image collector 7, and acquisition controller 8 are started. Then, the opening and closing door 32 on the lower end surface of the storage box 31 is controlled to open, so that the sample in the storage box 31 slides to the upper surface of the impact force test table 41 at the bottom of the slope with an initial velocity of zero;

[0069] D. Data and Image Acquisition: During the sliding process, the impact force test system 4, the velocimeter 5, and the vibration signal acquisition system 6 respectively collect corresponding data, and the image collector 7 collects real-time motion characteristics; after the sliding is completed, the maximum movement distance and the maximum lateral stacking width of the sample are immediately measured;

[0070] E. Data analysis: The acquisition controller 8 stores the above data, real-time motion characteristics, the farthest motion distance of the sample and the maximum lateral accumulation width, and then uses the analysis model to analyze the stored data to obtain the test results of the simulated geological bulk disaster.

[0071] The step A comprises the following sub-steps:

[0072] A10. Place the geological bulk sample in a well-ventilated and well-lit room and air-dry it to the predetermined moisture content;

[0073] A20, screening the air-dried bulk geological sample to obtain bulk geological samples of different particle sizes;

[0074] A30. Dyeing geological bulk particles of different sizes to obtain a variety of geological bulk samples of different colors;

[0075] A40. According to the test requirements, the geological bulk samples of different colors corresponding to different particle sizes are mixed, and then the mixed samples are loaded into the storage box 31 as required.

[0076] In step C, doors and windows should be closed to reduce the interference of reflections from the rectangular plate 21 and the impact test table 41 on the image collector 7. At the same time, test personnel are prohibited from walking or talking to reduce interference with vibration signal collection.

[0077] Example 1

[0078] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown in Table 1, a total of 81 test conditions with 3 masses, 3 inclinations, 3 heights and 3 gradations were set to simulate the complex debris flow disasters in real environment.

[0079] The indoor test method for simulating debris flow is as follows:

[0080] S100: According to the test requirements, dry quartz sand samples of different particle sizes are mixed and loaded into the storage box 31. The specific steps are as follows:

[0081] S110. Place the quartz sand sample in a natural environment in a well-ventilated and well-lit room and air-dry it to a predetermined moisture content.

[0082] S120. Screening the air-dried quartz sand sample to obtain quartz sand samples with different particle sizes.

[0083] S130. Dyeing quartz sands of different particle sizes to obtain a variety of quartz sand samples of different colors.

[0084] S140. According to the grading scheme in the test scheme in Table 1, quartz sand samples of different colors corresponding to different particle sizes are mixed, and then the mixed samples are loaded into the storage box 31 as required.

[0085] S200. According to the test scheme in Table 1, the acquisition controller 8 controls the driving mechanism to adjust the inclination angle of the rectangular plate 21 (the driving mechanism drives the upper end of the rectangular plate 21 to move downward or upward along the support frame 23. At this time, the lower end of the rectangular plate 21 rotates around the hinge mechanism 22. At the same time, since the base 1 connected to the hinge mechanism 22 is fixed, the upper end of the rectangular plate 21 that moves up or down drives the support frame 23 to move horizontally through the roller 24 at the bottom end, and finally completes the inclination angle adjustment), and controls the telescopic rod 33 to adjust the height difference from the opening and closing door 32 on the lower end surface of the storage box 31 to the impact force test table 41.

[0086] S300. Before the test begins, close the doors and windows to reduce the interference of the reflection of the rectangular plate 21 and the impact force test table 41 on the image collector 7. At the same time, prohibit the test personnel from walking or talking to reduce the interference with the vibration signal collection. At the beginning of the test, first start the impact force test system 4 (LD-1C single-point weighing sensor and CB-CJ5 impact force collector, with a sampling frequency of 50Hz and a trigger value of 0.2N), velocimeter 5, vibration signal acquisition system 6 (a piezoelectric vibration sensor with a built-in signal amplifier is set on the lower surface of the rectangular plate 21 and the impact force test table 41, and the piezoelectric vibration sensor is connected to the DH5922N dynamic signal testing system), image collector 7 (camera) and acquisition controller 8 (laptop computer). Then, after 15 seconds of startup, control the opening and closing door 32 on the lower end surface of the storage box 31 to open, so that the sample in the storage box 31 slides to the upper surface of the impact force test table 41 at the bottom of the slope with an initial velocity of zero.

[0087] S400. During the sliding process of S300, the impact force test system 4, the velocimeter 5 and the vibration signal acquisition system 6 respectively collect corresponding data, and the image collector 7 collects real-time motion characteristics; after the sliding is completed, the components started in S300 are turned off, and the farthest movement distance and the maximum lateral stacking width of the sample are immediately measured, and the particle stacking distribution of the mixed particles is distinguished by different colors.

[0088] S500, the acquisition controller 8 stores the above data, real-time movement characteristics, the farthest movement distance of the sample and the maximum lateral accumulation width, and then uses the analysis model to analyze the stored data to obtain the test results of the simulated debris flow.

[0089] Table 1 Experimental plan

[0090]

[0091] Among them: the particle sizes of large particles and small particles are relative values, and the particle size of large particles is larger than that of small particles.

[0092] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. An indoor test device for simulating geological bulk disasters, characterized by: It includes a fixed base (1), a ramp mechanism (2), a material storage box mechanism (3), an impact force testing system (4), a velocimeter (5), a vibration signal acquisition system (6), an image collector (7), and an acquisition controller (8). The ramp mechanism (2) comprises a rectangular plate (21), a hinge mechanism (22), and a support frame (23); the rectangular plate (21) is tilted and its lower end is hinged to the top of the fixed base (1) via the hinge mechanism (22); the upper end of the rectangular plate (21) is connected to the vertically arranged support frame (23); a driving mechanism for driving the upper end of the rectangular plate (21) to move up and down is provided on the support frame (23); and a roller (24) is provided at the bottom end of the support frame (23); The material storage box mechanism (3) comprises a material storage box (31), an opening and closing door (32), and a telescopic rod (33); the material storage box (31) is slidably arranged on the upper surface of the rectangular plate (21); the opening and closing door (32) is arranged on the upper end surface and / or the lower end surface of the material storage box (31); the telescopic rod (33) extends along the inclined direction of the rectangular plate (21); the lower part of the telescopic rod (33) is connected to the material storage box (31) and the upper part is fixedly connected to the upper end of the rectangular plate (21); The impact force testing system (4) comprises an impact force testing table (41), a weighing sensor (42) and an impact force collector (43), wherein the impact force testing table (41) is arranged parallel to and below the lower end of the rectangular plate (21), and the weighing sensor (42) and the impact force collector (43) are respectively arranged on the impact force testing table (41); The speed meter (5) is fixedly arranged on both sides of the lower end of the rectangular plate (21) in the direction of inclined extension; The vibration signal acquisition system (6) includes a vibration sensor (61) and a dynamic test unit (62), wherein the vibration sensor (61) is fixedly mounted on the lower surface of the rectangular plate (21) and the impact force test table (41), respectively, and the vibration sensor (61) and the dynamic test unit (62) are electrically connected to process the vibration signal; The image collectors (7) are respectively fixedly arranged on the side of the rectangular plate (21) and above the rectangular plate (21) in the tilting direction; The driving mechanism, the opening and closing door (32), the telescopic rod (33), the weighing sensor (42), the impact force acquisition instrument (43), the speed meter (5), the dynamic test unit (62) and the image acquisition device (7) are electrically connected to the acquisition controller (8) respectively.

2. The indoor test device for simulating geological bulk disasters according to claim 1, characterized in that: Transparent baffles (25) are fixedly provided on both sides of the rectangular plate (21) along the tilting direction, and the speedometer (5) is fixed on the transparent baffle (25) at the lower end of the rectangular plate (21).

3. The indoor test device for simulating geological bulk disasters according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating shaft of the hinge mechanism (22) is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the rectangular plate (21) in the tilting direction close to the lower end. An angular displacement sensor is provided on the rotating shaft of the hinge mechanism (22), and the angular displacement sensor is electrically connected to the acquisition controller (8).

4. The indoor test device for simulating geological bulk disasters according to claim 3, characterized in that: The driving mechanism is any one of a linear motor, a motor-screw mechanism, an oil cylinder lifting mechanism, and a pneumatic cylinder lifting mechanism; and further comprises a slope controller (26), wherein the angular displacement sensor and the driving mechanism are electrically connected to the slope controller (26), respectively, and the slope controller (26) is electrically connected to the acquisition controller (8).

5. The indoor test device for simulating geological bulk disasters according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The opening and closing doors (32) can be electrically controlled to open and close, and the opening and closing doors (32) include rotating opening and closing doors and pull-out opening and closing doors. The upper end surface and the lower end surface of the storage box (31) are provided with the same or different types of opening and closing doors (32); the telescopic rod (33) can be electrically controlled and telescoped along the tilting direction of the rectangular plate (21).

6. The indoor test device for simulating geological bulk disasters according to claim 5, characterized in that: The upper end surface and the lower end surface of the storage box (31) are respectively provided with a rotating opening and closing door and a pull-out opening and closing door. The two sides of the storage box (31) are respectively symmetrically provided with connecting platforms (34) perpendicular to the bottom surface of the storage box (31). The lower part of the telescopic rod (33) is correspondingly provided with a connecting groove (35) perpendicular to the axis. The connecting platform (34) can be slidably inserted into the connecting groove (35).

7. The indoor test device for simulating geological bulk disasters according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The upper surface of the impact force test table (41) is divided into checkerboard-like grids, and the weighing sensor (42) is arranged on the lower surface of the impact force test table (41) and supports the impact force test table (41) to form a suspended state.

8. The indoor test device for simulating geological bulk disasters according to claim 7, characterized in that: The width of the impact force test table (41) is not less than twice the width of the rectangular plate (21), and the length of the impact force test table (41) is greater than the maximum movement distance of the pre-simulated geological bulk sample.

9. An indoor test method for simulating geological bulk disasters, based on the indoor test device for simulating geological bulk disasters according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: It includes sample preparation, test device preparation, process simulation, data and image acquisition, and data analysis steps. The details of each step are as follows: A. Sample preparation: According to the test requirements, dry geological bulk samples of different particle sizes are mixed and loaded into the storage box (31); B. Preparation of the test device: According to the test requirements, the acquisition controller (8) controls the driving mechanism to adjust the tilt angle of the rectangular plate (21), and controls the telescopic rod (33) to adjust the height difference between the opening and closing door (32) on the lower end surface of the storage box (31) and the impact force test table (41); C. Process simulation: First, the impact force test system (4), the velocimeter (5), the vibration signal acquisition system (6), the image acquisition device (7) and the acquisition controller (8) are started, and then the opening and closing door (32) on the lower end surface of the storage box (31) is controlled to open, so that the sample in the storage box (31) slides to the upper surface of the impact force test table (41) at the bottom of the slope with an initial velocity of zero; D. Data and image acquisition: During the sliding process, the impact force test system (4), the velocimeter (5) and the vibration signal acquisition system (6) respectively collect corresponding data, and the image collector (7) collects real-time motion characteristics; after the sliding is completed, the maximum movement distance and the maximum lateral stacking width of the sample are immediately measured; E. Data analysis: The acquisition controller (8) stores the above data, real-time motion characteristics, the farthest motion distance of the sample and the maximum lateral accumulation width, and then uses the analysis model to analyze the stored data to obtain the test results of the simulated geological bulk disaster.

10. The indoor test method for simulating geological bulk disasters according to claim 9, characterized in that: The step A comprises the following sub-steps: A10. Place the geological bulk sample in a well-ventilated and well-lit room and air-dry it to the predetermined moisture content; A20, screening the air-dried bulk geological sample to obtain bulk geological samples of different particle sizes; A30. Dyeing geological bulk particles of different sizes to obtain a variety of geological bulk samples of different colors; A40. According to the test requirements, the geological bulk samples of different colors corresponding to different particle sizes are mixed, and then the mixed samples are loaded into the storage box (31) as required.

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