Lithium battery matching test circuit and method for special vehicle power generation system

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of special vehicle power generation system design, and particularly relates to a lithium battery and special vehicle power generation system matching test circuit and method, which can test and verify the matching of the power generation system and the lithium battery under various limit boundary conditions, the influence of the lithium battery on the power generation system, and the power distribution of the power supply system composed of the power generation system and the lithium battery and the real vehicle load. The matching test circuit can realize bench test and real vehicle test. The bench test mainly tests and verifies the matching of the power generation system and the lithium battery under various limit boundary conditions, the influence of the lithium battery on the power generation system, and the power distribution of the power supply system composed of the power generation system and the lithium battery and the real vehicle load. The matching test circuit solves the matching problem of the 24V series lithium battery and the special vehicle power generation system, makes the power grid characteristics of the special vehicle meet the requirements of GJB 298-1987, and meets the power demand of the real vehicle load.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power generation system design technology for special vehicles, and specifically to a testing circuit and method for matching lithium batteries with power generation systems for special vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] For special vehicles operating in high-altitude and frigid regions, the lead-acid batteries used in these vehicles only retain about 50% of their rated capacity at temperatures as low as -35°C. If battery maintenance is not timely, this not only severely impacts the power needs of these vehicles during duty but also significantly affects their starting capabilities in such environments. To improve the operational capabilities of special vehicles in high-altitude and frigid conditions and ensure sufficient power supply for low-temperature starting, it is necessary to replace lead-acid batteries with batteries that have higher energy density and better low-temperature performance, thereby enhancing the mobility of the equipment. Extensive testing has led to the development of a new type of lithium battery, characterized by large capacity, strong low-temperature discharge capability, and light weight. This new lithium battery can replace the lead-acid batteries used in high-altitude and frigid equipment. However, the operating voltage range and charging and discharging characteristics of the new lithium battery differ somewhat from the original lead-acid battery. Therefore, matching tests are required between the 24V lithium battery and the special vehicle's power generation system to ensure compatibility and reliable operation of the special vehicle's electrical equipment, while also maximizing the performance of the new lithium battery. However, existing matching test methods are not applicable. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the present invention proposes a matching test circuit and method for lithium batteries and special vehicle power generation systems, which can test and verify the matching between the power generation system and the lithium battery under various extreme boundary conditions, as well as the impact of the lithium battery on the power generation system, and verify the power distribution of the power system composed of the power generation system and the lithium battery to the actual vehicle load.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0005] A test circuit for matching lithium batteries with power generation systems of special vehicles includes a bench test system and a real vehicle test system;

[0006] The bench test system includes a power generation system drive bench, a power generation system, a lithium battery, a main power distribution box, a real vehicle simulated load, and test equipment.

[0007] The power generation system includes a towing test bench to simulate an engine; the power generation system is used to provide a stable power supply to the vehicle's electrical equipment when the engine is operating at a constant speed under special vehicle driving conditions or when the vehicle is stationary; the lithium battery, as a new type of energy storage power source, enables bidirectional transmission of electrical energy; the main distribution box is used to collect the positive terminals of the vehicle's main branch lines; the real vehicle simulated load is used to simulate the load of a real vehicle and has peak voltage and surge voltage injection functions; the testing equipment is used to test the steady-state voltage of the power grid, as well as the voltage fluctuations of the power grid during sudden increases and decreases;

[0008] The actual vehicle testing system includes an engine, a power generation system, a lithium battery, a main power distribution box, actual vehicle loads, simulated loads, and testing equipment. The composition and function of the engine, power generation system, lithium battery, main power distribution box, and testing equipment are the same as those of the bench testing system. The engine is the power source of the entire vehicle, providing power to the vehicle's transmission and generator. The actual vehicle load refers to the electrical equipment of the entire vehicle. The simulated load is an external resistive load.

[0009] The power generation system consists of a generator and a generator controller. The generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. The generator controller detects the generator output voltage and adjusts the generator excitation current to maintain voltage stability within the generator speed range and voltage stability from no-load to rated load range.

[0010] The simulated load of the actual vehicle includes a resistive load and an interference signal injection device, wherein the interference signal injection device can inject standard spike voltage and surge power supply voltage signals.

[0011] The present invention also provides a method for matching lithium batteries with power generation systems of special vehicles, including bench testing methods and real vehicle testing methods;

[0012] The specific steps of the bench test method are as follows:

[0013] S11, Test the effect of lithium battery capacity on generator;

[0014] S12, to perform steady-state characteristic testing of the power system composed of lithium battery and power generation system;

[0015] S13, Perform a stability test of the power grid when interference signals are injected;

[0016] The specific steps of the real vehicle testing method are as follows:

[0017] S21, Conduct initial power generation performance testing of the generator;

[0018] S22, conduct real vehicle steady-state characteristic test;

[0019] S23, conduct dynamic characteristic testing.

[0020] In step S11, the test of the impact of lithium battery capacity on the generator includes the following steps:

[0021] When the lithium battery capacity is 35% and 75%, the generator speed is within the range of 1600 rpm to 4900 rpm. The actual vehicle simulates no load and tests the generator's output voltage, excitation voltage, excitation current, and lithium battery charging current. Based on the generator's output voltage and excitation current, the generator's operating status is determined. The matching requirement is that the generator's generating speed should not exceed 2000 rpm, the generator's output voltage should be greater than or equal to the lithium battery voltage, and the lithium battery's SOC should be less than or equal to 95%. The lithium battery should also have charging current. When the lithium battery capacity is 100%, the test method is the same as when the lithium battery capacity is 35% and 75%, and the matching requirement is that the generator's generating speed should not exceed 2000 rpm.

[0022] In step S12, the steady-state characteristics test of the power system consisting of the lithium battery and the power generation system is performed, including the following steps:

[0023] No-load steady-state characteristic tests were conducted at generator speeds of 2000 rpm and 4000 rpm, respectively. Specifically, the generator speed was adjusted to 2000 rpm ± 100 rpm or 4000 rpm ± 100 rpm, with the generator and lithium battery connected in parallel. The actual vehicle was used to simulate no load operation, and the steady-state voltage and ripple voltage of the power grid composed of the generator system and lithium battery were tested. The matching requirements are that the steady-state voltage and ripple voltage of the power grid composed of the generator system and lithium battery should meet the requirements of GJB298-1987.

[0024] Steady-state characteristic tests were conducted at rated loads at generator speeds of 4000 rpm and 4400 rpm, respectively. Specifically, the generator speed was adjusted to 4000 rpm ± 100 rpm or 4400 rpm ± 100 rpm, with the generator and lithium battery connected in parallel. The actual vehicle simulated load control contactor was activated, and the actual vehicle simulated load was applied to the generator's rated power. The steady-state voltage and ripple voltage of the power grid composed of the generator system and lithium battery were tested. The steady-state voltage and ripple voltage of the power grid composed of the generator system and lithium battery should meet the requirements of GJB298-1987.

[0025] Specifically, in step S13, the stability test of the power grid during interference signal injection includes the following steps:

[0026] The generator speed was adjusted to 4000 rpm ± 100 rpm. The generator and lithium battery were connected in parallel, with the lithium battery's SOC ≤ 85%. A 2kW resistive load was applied using a simulated vehicle load. Then, the interference injection device in the simulated vehicle load output a spike pulse voltage amplitude of 250V, a rise time of 50ns, a vibration frequency greater than 100kHz to 500kHz, and a spike energy of 15mJ, applied 20 times, with each spike voltage injection interval of 120s. The matching requirements were that both the generator system and the lithium battery could operate normally.

[0027] The generator speed was adjusted to 4000 rpm ± 100 rpm. The generator and lithium battery were connected in parallel, and the SOC of the lithium battery was ≤ 85%. A 2kW resistive load was applied using a simulated load from a real vehicle. Then, the interference injection device in the simulated load output a surge voltage amplitude of 40V for a duration of 50ms, with each application lasting 1s. A total of 5 surge voltage injections were performed, with each injection spaced 120s apart. The matching requirement was that both the generator system and the lithium battery could operate normally.

[0028] Specifically, step S21, which involves conducting an initial generator power generation performance test, includes the following steps:

[0029] When the SOC of the lithium battery is ≤35%, ≤75%, and 100%, the actual vehicle is started, and the engine speed is increased from 800 rpm to 2000 rpm. The load is the load under actual vehicle driving conditions, and the simulated load is not involved. The output voltage, excitation voltage, excitation current of the generator and the charging current of the lithium battery are tested. The generator's working status is determined based on the generator's output voltage and excitation current. The matching requirement is that the generator's generating speed should not exceed 2000 rpm.

[0030] Specifically, in step S22, the actual vehicle steady-state characteristic test is performed, including the following steps:

[0031] Conduct steady-state characteristic tests under actual vehicle driving conditions. Start the actual vehicle and increase the engine speed from 800 rpm to 2300 rpm. The load is the actual vehicle load under actual driving conditions, and the simulated load is not involved. Test the steady-state voltage and ripple voltage of the power grid. The matching requirements are that the steady-state voltage of the generator should be within the range of 25V to 30V, and the ripple voltage should be within the range of ±2V.

[0032] Conduct steady-state characteristic tests under the maximum load conditions of the actual vehicle. Start the actual vehicle and stabilize the engine speed at 2000 rpm ± 100 rpm. Then turn on all the actual vehicle loads, and rotate the electrical equipment at least 720° or operate for 1 minute. Do not connect the simulated load. Test the steady-state voltage and ripple voltage of the power grid. The matching requirements are that the steady-state voltage of the generator should be within the range of 25V to 30V, and the ripple voltage should be within the range of ± 2V.

[0033] In step S23, the dynamic characteristic test includes the following steps:

[0034] To conduct a spike pulse voltage test, start the vehicle and stabilize the engine speed at 2000 rpm ± 100 rpm, then rotate the turret using electric drive; test the dynamic fluctuation range of the power grid voltage; the matching requirement is that the dynamic fluctuation range of the actual vehicle's power grid voltage should meet the requirements in GJB 298-1987.

[0035] To conduct a surge voltage test, start the vehicle and stabilize the engine speed at 2000 rpm ± 100 rpm. First, test whether the actual vehicle load reaches 10% of the generator's rated current. If not, apply a simulated load to 10%. Then, increase the simulated load to 85% and then decrease it to 10% to test the dynamic fluctuation range of the grid voltage. The matching requirement is that the dynamic fluctuation range of the actual vehicle grid voltage should meet the requirements of GJB 298-1987.

[0036] Beneficial effects:

[0037] 1. The matching test circuit of this invention can realize bench testing and vehicle testing. Bench testing mainly tests and verifies the matching between the power generation system and the lithium battery under various extreme boundary conditions, as well as the impact of the lithium battery on the power generation system. Vehicle testing mainly verifies the power distribution between the power generation system and the lithium battery power system and the vehicle load. It solves the matching problem between 24V series lithium batteries and the power generation system of special vehicles, so that the power grid characteristics of special vehicles meet the requirements of GJB 298—1987 and meet the power demand of the vehicle load.

[0038] 2. The circuit of this invention enables the replacement of lead-acid batteries in special vehicles with 24V series lithium batteries without affecting the performance of the power supply system of the special vehicles or the normal operation of the electrical equipment in the special vehicles.

[0039] 3. The matching test method of the present invention, based on the circuit of the present invention, can ensure that the lithium battery replaced in situ can be matched with the original vehicle power generation system, ensure the reliable operation of electrical equipment for special vehicles, and give full play to the performance of the new lithium battery.

[0040] 4. The method of the present invention includes a bench test method and a vehicle test method; the bench test method mainly tests and verifies the matching between the power generation system and the lithium battery under various extreme boundary conditions, as well as the impact of the lithium battery on the power generation system; the vehicle test method mainly verifies the power distribution between the power generation system and the lithium battery forming the power system and the vehicle load.

[0041] 5. The matching test method of this invention can realize bench testing and vehicle testing. Bench testing mainly tests and verifies the matching between the power generation system and the lithium battery under various extreme boundary conditions, as well as the impact of the lithium battery on the power generation system. Vehicle testing mainly verifies the power distribution performance of the power system composed of the power generation system and the lithium battery with the vehicle load. It solves the matching problem between 24V series lithium batteries and the power generation system of special vehicles, so that the power grid characteristics of special vehicles meet the requirements of GJB 298—1987 and meet the power demand of the vehicle load.

[0042] 6. The test method of this invention enables the replacement of lead-acid batteries in special vehicles with 24V series lithium batteries without affecting the performance of the power system of the special vehicles or the normal operation of the electrical equipment in the special vehicles. Attached Figure Description

[0043] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a bench test in the matching test of a 24V series lithium battery with a special vehicle power generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a real vehicle test during the matching test of the 24V series lithium battery with the power generation system of a special vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0046] This invention discloses a test circuit for matching lithium batteries with power generation systems of special vehicles, including a bench test system and a real vehicle test system.

[0047] Specifically, the bench test circuit in the matching test is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the bench test system includes a power generation system drive bench, a power generation system, a lithium battery, a main power distribution box, a real vehicle simulated load, and test equipment.

[0048] The power generation system uses a drive platform to simulate an engine, driving the generator to rotate, with the rated power of the drive being no less than 5 times the rated power of the generator.

[0049] The power generation system is used to provide a stable power supply to the vehicle's electrical equipment when the engine is operating at a constant speed under special vehicle driving conditions or when the vehicle is stationary. The power generation system consists of a generator and a generator controller. The generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. The generator controller detects the generator output voltage and adjusts the generator excitation current to maintain voltage stability within the generator speed range and voltage stability from no-load to rated load range.

[0050] Lithium batteries, as a new type of energy storage power source, enable bidirectional transmission of electrical energy.

[0051] The main distribution box is used to collect the positive terminals of the vehicle's main branch lines.

[0052] The vehicle-mounted simulated load is used to simulate real-vehicle loads and features spike and surge voltage injection capabilities. The simulated load includes a resistive load and an interference signal injection device. The interference signal injection device can inject standard spike and surge power supply voltage signals.

[0053] The testing equipment is used to test the steady-state voltage of the power grid, as well as voltage fluctuations during sudden voltage increases and decreases. It can reflect changes in the power grid voltage.

[0054] Specifically, the real-vehicle test circuit in the matching test is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the actual vehicle testing system includes an engine, a power generation system, a lithium battery, a main power distribution box, an actual vehicle load, a simulated load, and testing equipment.

[0055] The system engine, power generation system, lithium battery, main power distribution box, and test equipment have the same composition and function as the bench test system; the engine is the power source of the whole vehicle, providing power to the vehicle's transmission and generator; the actual vehicle load refers to the electrical equipment of the whole vehicle; the simulated load is an external resistive load.

[0056] Based on the lithium battery and special vehicle power generation system matching test circuit of the present invention, the present invention also proposes a matching test method for lithium battery and special vehicle power generation system, including bench test method and real vehicle test method.

[0057] The specific steps of the bench test method are as follows:

[0058] S11, Test the impact of lithium battery capacity on the generator, including the following steps:

[0059] When the lithium battery capacity is 35% and 75%, and the generator speed is within the range of 1600 rpm to 4900 rpm, with the simulated vehicle load not operating (the simulated load control contactor is in the open state), test the generator's output voltage, excitation voltage, excitation current, and the lithium battery's charging current. Determine the generator's operating status based on the output voltage and excitation current. Matching requirements: the generator's generating speed should not exceed 2000 rpm, the generator output voltage should be ≥ the lithium battery voltage, and the lithium battery's SOC should be ≤ 95%, with the lithium battery exhibiting charging current. When the lithium battery capacity is 100%, the test method is the same as when the lithium battery capacity is 35% and 75%, and matching requirements: the generator's generating speed should not exceed 2000 rpm.

[0060] S12, Perform steady-state characteristic testing of the power system composed of lithium battery and power generation system, including the following steps:

[0061] No-load steady-state characteristic tests were conducted at generator speeds of 2000 rpm and 4000 rpm, respectively. Specifically, the generator speed was adjusted to 2000 rpm ± 100 rpm or 4000 rpm ± 100 rpm, with the generator and lithium battery connected in parallel. The simulated load on the actual vehicle was not operating (the simulated load control contactor was in the open state). The steady-state voltage and ripple voltage of the power grid composed of the generator system and the lithium battery were tested. The matching requirements are that the steady-state voltage and ripple voltage of the power grid composed of the generator system and the lithium battery should meet the requirements of GJB298-1987.

[0062] Steady-state characteristic tests were conducted at rated loads at generator speeds of 4000 rpm and 4400 rpm, respectively. Specifically, the generator speed was adjusted to 4000 rpm ± 100 rpm or 4400 rpm ± 100 rpm, with the generator and lithium battery connected in parallel. The simulated vehicle load control contactor was activated, and the simulated vehicle load was applied to the generator's rated power. The steady-state voltage and ripple voltage of the power grid composed of the generator system and lithium battery were tested. The steady-state voltage and ripple voltage of the power grid composed of the generator system and lithium battery should meet the requirements of GJB298-1987.

[0063] S13, Perform a stability test of the power grid when interference signals are injected, including the following steps:

[0064] The generator speed was adjusted to 4000 rpm ± 100 rpm. The generator and lithium battery were connected in parallel, with the lithium battery's SOC ≤ 85%. A 2kW resistive load was applied using a simulated vehicle load. Then, 20 pulses with a peak voltage amplitude of 250V, a rise time of 50ns, a vibration frequency greater than 100kHz to 500kHz, and a peak energy of 15mJ were applied from the interference injection device in the simulated vehicle load. The interval between each peak voltage injection was 120s. Matching requirements: both the generator system and the lithium battery must be functioning normally.

[0065] The generator speed was adjusted to 4000 rpm ± 100 rpm. The generator and lithium battery were connected in parallel, with the lithium battery's SOC ≤ 85%. A 2kW resistive load was applied using a simulated vehicle load. Then, an interference injection device in the simulated vehicle load output a surge voltage amplitude of 40V for 50ms, with each injection lasting 1s. A total of 5 surge voltage injections were performed, each 120s apart. Matching requirements stipulated that both the generator system and the lithium battery were functioning normally.

[0066] The specific steps of the real vehicle testing method are as follows:

[0067] S21, Conduct initial generator power generation performance testing (generator speed is twice engine speed), including the following steps:

[0068] With the lithium battery SOC ≤ 35%, SOC ≤ 75%, and SOC at 100%, the actual vehicle was started, and the engine speed was increased from 800 rpm to 2000 rpm. The load was the actual vehicle driving load, with no simulated load applied. The generator's output voltage, excitation voltage, excitation current, and lithium battery charging current were tested. Based on the generator's output voltage and excitation current, the generator's operating status was determined. The matching requirement is that the generator's generating speed should not exceed 2000 rpm.

[0069] S22, Conduct real-vehicle steady-state characteristic tests, including the following steps:

[0070] Steady-state characteristic tests were conducted under actual vehicle driving conditions. The vehicle was started, and the engine speed was increased from 800 rpm to 2300 rpm. The load was the actual vehicle load under driving conditions, with no simulated load applied. The steady-state voltage and ripple voltage of the power grid were tested. The matching requirements are that the generator's steady-state voltage should be within the range of 25V to 30V, and the ripple voltage should be within ±2V.

[0071] Conduct steady-state characteristic tests under maximum load conditions on the actual vehicle. Start the actual vehicle and stabilize the engine speed at 2000 rpm ± 100 rpm. Then, turn on all actual vehicle loads, ensuring that rotating electrical equipment rotates at least 720° or operates for 1 minute; simulated loads are not involved. Test the steady-state voltage and ripple voltage of the power grid. Matching requirements: the generator's steady-state voltage should be within the range of 25V to 30V, and the ripple voltage should be within the range of ±2V.

[0072] S23, Perform dynamic characteristic testing, including the following steps:

[0073] A spike voltage test was conducted. The vehicle was started, and the engine speed was stabilized at 2000 rpm ± 100 rpm. Then, the turret was rotated at high speed using electric drive. The dynamic fluctuation range of the power grid voltage was tested. The matching requirement is that the dynamic fluctuation range of the actual vehicle's power grid voltage should meet the requirements of GJB 298-1987.

[0074] To conduct a surge voltage test, start the vehicle and stabilize the engine speed at 2000 rpm ± 100 rpm. First, test whether the actual vehicle load reaches 10% of the generator's rated current. If not, apply a simulated load to reach 10%. Then, simulate a sudden increase in load to 85%, followed by a decrease from 85% to 10%. Test the dynamic fluctuation range of the mains voltage. The matching requirement is that the dynamic fluctuation range of the actual vehicle's mains voltage should comply with the requirements of GJB 298-1987.

[0075] In summary, the above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for matching a lithium battery to a special vehicle power generation system, characterized by, The test method comprises a bench test method and a real vehicle test method. The bench test method comprises the following steps: S11, testing the influence of the capacity of the lithium battery on the generator; S12, testing the steady state characteristics of the power supply system composed of the lithium battery and the power generation system; S13, testing the stability of the power grid when an interference signal is injected; The real vehicle test method comprises the following steps: S21, testing the initial power generation performance of the generator; S22, testing the steady state characteristics of the real vehicle generator; S23, testing the dynamic characteristics of the generator; In the S11, the testing the influence of the capacity of the lithium battery on the generator comprises the following steps: When the capacity of the lithium battery is 35% and 75%, the generator speed is in the range of 1600 rpm to 4900 rpm, the real vehicle simulation load is not working, the output voltage, excitation voltage and excitation current of the generator and the charging current of the lithium battery are tested; the working state of the generator is judged according to the output voltage and excitation current of the generator; when the generator output voltage is greater than or equal to the lithium battery voltage, the generator power generation speed is not greater than 2000 rpm, and the SOC of the lithium battery is less than or equal to 95%, the lithium battery should have a charging current; when the capacity of the lithium battery is 100%, the test method is the same as when the capacity of the lithium battery is 35% and 75%, and the matching requirement of the generator power generation speed is not greater than 2000 rpm.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the lithium battery and special vehicle power generation system matching test method is characterized by, In the S12, the testing the steady state characteristics of the power supply system composed of the lithium battery and the power generation system comprises the following steps: The no-load steady state characteristics test of the generator speed of 2000 rpm and 4000 rpm is respectively carried out, specifically, the generator speed is adjusted to 2000 rpm±100 rpm or 4000 rpm±100 rpm, the generator is connected in parallel with the lithium battery, the real vehicle simulation load is not working, and the steady state voltage and ripple voltage of the power grid composed of the power generation system and the lithium battery are tested; the steady state voltage and ripple voltage of the power grid composed of the power generation system and the lithium battery should meet the requirements in GJB298-1987; The rated load steady state characteristics test of the generator speed of 4000 rpm and 4400 rpm is respectively carried out, specifically, the generator speed is adjusted to 4000 rpm±100 rpm or 4400 rpm±100 rpm, the generator is connected in parallel with the lithium battery, and the real vehicle simulation load control contactor is turned on, the real vehicle simulation load is loaded to the rated power of the generator, and the steady state voltage and ripple voltage of the power grid composed of the power generation system and the lithium battery are tested; the steady state voltage and ripple voltage of the power grid composed of the power generation system and the lithium battery should meet the requirements in GJB298-1987.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the lithium battery is matched with the special vehicle power generation system. In the S13, the testing the stability of the power grid when an interference signal is injected comprises the following steps: Adjust the generator speed 4000 rpm ± 100 rpm, the generator and lithium battery in parallel, the SOC of lithium battery ≤ 85%, using the resistance load in the real vehicle simulation load 2kW; Then the interference injection device in the real vehicle simulation load outputs the peak pulse voltage amplitude 250V, the rise time is 50ns, the vibration frequency is 100kHz-500kHz, the peak energy is 15mJ of pulse, 20 times, each peak voltage injection interval is 120s; The matching requires that the power generation system and lithium battery can work normally; Adjust the generator speed 4000 rpm ± 100 rpm, the generator and lithium battery in parallel, the SOC of lithium battery ≤ 85%, using the resistance load in the real vehicle simulation load 2kW; Then the interference injection device in the real vehicle simulation load outputs the surge voltage amplitude 40V, the duration is 50ms, each time for 1s; A total of 5 times of surge voltage injection, each interval is 120s; The matching requires that the power generation system and lithium battery can work normally.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the lithium battery and special vehicle power generation system matching test method is characterized by, In the S21, the initial power generation performance test of the generator is carried out, including the following steps: When the SOC of the lithium battery is ≤ 35%, the SOC of the lithium battery is ≤ 75%, and the SOC of the lithium battery is 100%, respectively, the vehicle is started, the speed of the engine is increased from 800 rpm to 2000 rpm, the load is the load of the real vehicle driving condition, and the simulation load does not intervene; The output voltage, excitation voltage and excitation current of the generator and the charging current of the lithium battery are tested; According to the output voltage and excitation current of the generator, the working state of the generator is judged; The matching requires that the generator power generation speed is not more than 2000 rpm.

5. The method of claim 1 or 4, wherein the lithium battery is matched with the special vehicle power generation system. In the S22, the steady state characteristic test of the real vehicle is carried out, including the following steps: The steady state characteristic test of the real vehicle driving condition is carried out, the vehicle is started, the speed of the engine is increased from 800 rpm to 2300 rpm, the load is the real vehicle load of the real vehicle driving condition, and the simulation load does not intervene; The steady state voltage and ripple voltage of the power grid are tested; The matching requires that the steady state voltage of the generator should be in the range of 25V-30V, and the ripple voltage should be in the range of ± 2V; The steady state characteristic test of the real vehicle maximum load condition is carried out, the vehicle is started, the speed of the engine is stabilized at 2000 rpm ± 100 rpm, then all the real vehicle loads of the vehicle are turned on, the rotating electric equipment is rotated at least 720° or works for 1 minute; The simulation load does not intervene; The steady state voltage and ripple voltage of the power grid are tested; The matching requires that the steady state voltage of the generator should be in the range of 25V-30V, and the ripple voltage should be in the range of ± 2V.

6. The method of matching lithium batteries to special vehicle generating systems as defined in claim 5, wherein, In the S23, the dynamic characteristic test is carried out, including the following steps: The peak pulse voltage test is carried out, the vehicle is started, the speed of the engine is stabilized at 2000 rpm ± 100 rpm, then the turret is rotated in the electric drive mode; The dynamic fluctuation range of the power grid voltage is tested; The matching requires that the dynamic fluctuation range of the real vehicle power grid voltage should meet the requirements in GJB 298-1987; The surge voltage test is carried out, the vehicle is started, the rotating speed of the engine is stabilized at 2000 revolutions / minute ± 100 revolutions / minute, the real vehicle load is first tested whether it reaches 10% of the rated current of the generator, if not, it is loaded to 10% through the simulation load, then, the simulation load is suddenly increased to 85%, and then decreased from 85% to 10%, the dynamic fluctuation range of the power grid voltage is tested, and the dynamic fluctuation range of the required real vehicle power grid voltage should meet the requirements in GJB 298-1987.

7. The method of matching lithium batteries to special vehicle generating systems as described in claims 1, 2, 3, 4 or 6, wherein, A lithium battery and a special vehicle power generation system matching test circuit are adopted to realize, the test circuit comprises a bench test system and a real vehicle test system; The bench test system comprises a power generation system driving bench, a power generation system, a lithium battery, a main distribution box, a real vehicle simulation load and test equipment; The power generation system driving bench is used for simulating an engine; the power generation system is used for providing stable power supply for the whole vehicle power equipment when the engine works in the constant speed condition under the special vehicle driving condition or the vehicle static condition; the lithium battery is used as an energy storage power supply to realize bidirectional transmission of electric energy; the main distribution box is used for realizing the collection of the positive poles of the vehicle trunk branch; the real vehicle simulation load is used for simulating the real vehicle load and has the functions of injecting peak voltage and surge voltage; the test equipment is used for testing the steady voltage of the power grid and the voltage fluctuation of the power grid when the load is suddenly added and removed; The real vehicle test system comprises an engine, a power generation system, a lithium battery, a main distribution box, a real vehicle load, a simulation load and test equipment; the composition and functions of the system engine, the power generation system, the lithium battery, the main distribution box and the test equipment are the same as those of the bench test system; the engine is the power source of the whole vehicle and provides power for the whole vehicle transmission device and the generator; the real vehicle load refers to the power equipment of the whole vehicle; the simulation load refers to an external resistance load.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the lithium battery is matched with the special vehicle power generation system. The power generation system is composed of a generator and a generator controller; the generator is used for converting mechanical energy into electric energy; the generator controller adjusts the excitation current of the generator by detecting the output voltage of the generator, so as to realize the voltage stability of the generator rotating speed in the rotating speed range and the voltage stability of the load in the range from no load to rated load.

9. The method of claim 7, wherein the lithium battery is matched with the special vehicle power generation system. The real vehicle simulation load comprises a resistance load and an interference signal injection device, wherein the interference signal injection device can inject standard peak voltage and surge power voltage signals.

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