Cable three-dimensional imaging and fault detection system and method based on optical fiber array

Abstract

The invention discloses a cable three-dimensional imaging and fault detection system and method based on an optical fiber array. The system comprises an optical detection unit, a signal processing and control unit, a three-dimensional imaging and fault detection unit and a cloud platform unit, the optical detection unit comprises an optical fiber array, the optical fiber array comprises a plurality of optical fibers, the input ends of the optical fibers are all connected to a beam combiner, the output end of the beam combiner is connected to the light source part, and the output end of the beam combiner is further connected to a detector through a coupler; the signal processing and control unit controls the switch optical fiber to obtain three-dimensional imaging data of the cable to be detected; the three-dimensional imaging and fault detection unit is used for judging whether the cable has a fault or not; and the cloud monitoring platform realizes remote monitoring and data storage. According to the invention, the fault position of the cable can be quickly and accurately identified, heavy loss caused by the fact that the fault is not found in time is reduced, maintenance personnel can respond to potential problems in time, and the working efficiency of cable maintenance is effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of optical sensing, and in particular relates to a cable three-dimensional imaging and fault detection system and method based on an optical fiber array. Background Art

[0002] Transformers are critical infrastructure in modern power, communications, transportation, and industry, and cables are responsible for important power and information transmission tasks. Cable failures may lead to system paralysis, economic losses, and even safety hazards. Therefore, real-time cable status monitoring and efficient fault detection are becoming increasingly important. Traditional cable fault detection methods mainly rely on manual visual inspection and simple electrical tests. These methods may be effective under certain conditions, but with the development of technology, their limitations are becoming more and more obvious.

[0003] At present, the limitations of cable status monitoring and fault detection are specifically reflected in the following aspects: the subjectivity of detection is relatively high, the results of manual visual inspection depend on the experience and judgment of the operator, and different personnel may have different identification and judgment of the same fault. This subjectivity greatly affects the accuracy and consistency of the detection results, bringing unnecessary difficulties to subsequent maintenance. Low detection efficiency: Manual inspection usually takes a long time, especially when large-scale cable networks need to be inspected, manual visual inspection is slow and not accurate enough. The response time of fault location and processing is prolonged, which may lead to increased maintenance costs. Detection is greatly affected by the environment. Under complex or harsh environmental conditions (such as high temperature, low temperature, humidity or strong noise), the effect of manual visual inspection may be significantly affected. This increases the instability of the detection results and further reduces the accuracy of fault judgment. Poor detection repeatability: Even if the detection is carried out in the same environment and conditions, the results of manual inspection may be different, resulting in non-repeatability and unreliability of fault detection. This inconsistency is particularly obvious when multiple operators work alternately. Difficulty in recording and analysis: Most of the test results of manual visual inspection need to be recorded manually, which is prone to omissions or errors. The subsequent data collation and analysis are also relatively complicated, making it difficult to achieve efficient real-time monitoring and fault analysis. In summary, the current cable status monitoring and fault detection mainly exist in that the detection is greatly affected by the environment, the detection is relatively subjective, resulting in poor repeatability, and the detection efficiency is relatively low. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention provides a cable three-dimensional imaging and fault detection system and method based on an optical fiber array, aiming to solve the problems mentioned above that the current cable status monitoring and fault detection mainly exist in that the detection is greatly affected by the environment, the detection is relatively subjective resulting in poor repeatability, and the detection efficiency is relatively low.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: A cable three-dimensional imaging and fault detection system based on an optical fiber array, the system comprises a light detection unit and a signal processing and control unit configured thereon, a three-dimensional imaging and fault detection unit and a cloud platform unit, wherein: The optical detection unit includes an optical fiber array, which includes a plurality of optical fibers, the input ends of the plurality of optical fibers are connected to a beam combiner, the output end of the beam combiner is connected to a light source, and the output end of the beam combiner is also connected to a detector through a coupler; The signal processing and control unit includes a control module and a signal processing module; Each optical fiber is connected to the control module through an intelligent optical switch, so that the control module can control opening or closing of each optical fiber through the intelligent optical switch; The signal processing module is used to obtain the fluctuation information of the cable to be tested and the light reflection characteristics of different materials based on the reflection signal of the detector, calculate the position change of the cable according to the on-off status of the optical switch, realize the distance measurement, and obtain the three-dimensional imaging data of the cable to be tested by splicing the reflection signals at different positions; The 3D imaging and fault detection unit is used to automatically compare the 3D imaging data of the cable to be tested with the normal cable model data, and then determine whether the cable is faulty; The cloud monitoring platform is used to realize remote monitoring and data storage based on the judgment data of the three-dimensional imaging and fault detection unit.

[0006] In some embodiments, the optical fiber array has a cylindrical receiving cavity, and a plurality of optical fibers penetrate the receiving cavity along their length direction.

[0007] In some embodiments, the light source unit includes a multi-wavelength pulse laser.

[0008] In some embodiments, the intelligent optical switch includes a distributed optical switch network.

[0009] In some implementations, the signal processing module obtains the fluctuation characteristics and material properties of the cable to be tested by using time domain reflection technology analysis.

[0010] Furthermore, the signal processing module records the reflection intensity and return time of each laser pulse based on the optical signal, analyzes the signal using time domain reflection technology, calculates the round-trip time of the reflected signal, and combines the propagation speed of light in the optical fiber to determine the fluctuation characteristics and material properties of the cable to be tested, and then determines the distance from the optical signal emitted from the optical fiber to the reflection point.

[0011] In some embodiments, the distance from the optical signal emitted from the optical fiber to the reflection point is determined by the following formula (1): (1) in, For distance, is the speed of light propagation in the optical fiber, is the round trip time of the optical signal.

[0012] In some embodiments, the 3D imaging and fault detection unit automatically compares the 3D imaging data with the normal cable model data using the following formula (2): (2); Where ΔR is the change in reflectivity, and Z1 and Z2 are the impedances before and after the fault.

[0013] In some implementations, the monitoring platform provides human-computer interaction functions such as real-time data access, historical data query, and alarm notification. The monitoring platform has an autonomous learning module that can automatically identify and optimize fault detection parameters by analyzing historical detection data.

[0014] The present invention also provides a method for three-dimensional cable imaging and fault detection based on an optical fiber array. The method is based on the above-mentioned three-dimensional cable imaging and fault detection system based on an optical fiber array, and comprises the following steps: S1, the light source unit emits multi-wavelength pulsed lasers, and directs the lasers into each optical fiber in the optical fiber array through a beam combiner; S2, the control module controls opening or closing each optical fiber through an intelligent optical switch; S3, obtaining the fluctuation information of the cable to be tested and the light reflection characteristics of different materials through the reflection signal of the detector, calculating the position change of the cable according to the on-off condition of the optical switch, realizing distance measurement, and obtaining the three-dimensional imaging data of the cable to be tested by splicing the reflection signals at different positions; S4. Automatically compare the three-dimensional imaging data of the cable to be tested with the normal cable model data through the three-dimensional imaging and fault detection unit to determine whether the cable is faulty.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the cable three-dimensional imaging and fault detection system and method based on optical fiber array of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention discloses a cable three-dimensional imaging and fault detection system based on an optical fiber array. Signals are transmitted through an annular optical fiber array and a multi-wavelength pulse laser, and selective excitation of the optical fiber is achieved using an intelligent optical switch and a control module. The signal processing module receives the reflected signal and analyzes it using time domain reflection technology to obtain high-precision three-dimensional imaging data. The system can monitor the cable status in real time, and automatically compare the real-time reflection data with the normal cable model to detect and locate cable faults in a timely manner. In addition, the system has the function of uploading the detection data to a cloud monitoring platform to achieve remote monitoring and data storage. This automated and intelligent fault detection method not only improves the efficiency and accuracy of detection, but also provides a relatively stable and efficient technical foundation for cable maintenance and management, and has certain applicability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] The drawings in the specification are used to provide further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the present invention. The schematic embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention.

[0017] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the architecture of a cable three-dimensional imaging and fault detection system and method based on an optical fiber array according to the present invention; Figure 2 The present invention is a schematic diagram of an optical fiber array in a system of an optical fiber array-based cable three-dimensional imaging and fault detection system and method. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0019] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, further definition and explanation thereof is not required in subsequent drawings.

[0021] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that if the terms "upper", "lower", "horizontal", "inner", etc. indicate an orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product of the invention is usually placed when in use, it is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish the description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0022] In addition, if the term "horizontal" appears, it does not mean that the component must be absolutely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", which does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0023] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it is also necessary to explain that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "set", "install", "connect", and "connect" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal connection of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0024] How to provide a more advanced cable fault detection technology to improve the intelligence and automation level of cable status monitoring, so as to monitor the cable status in real time and detect and locate cable faults in time.

[0025] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention is a cable three-dimensional imaging and fault detection system based on an optical fiber array, the system includes a light detection unit and a signal processing and control unit configured thereon, a three-dimensional imaging and fault detection unit and a cloud platform unit, wherein: The optical detection unit includes an optical fiber array, which includes a plurality of optical fibers, the input ends of the plurality of optical fibers are connected to a beam combiner, the output end of the beam combiner is connected to a light source, and the output end of the beam combiner is also connected to a detector through a coupler; The signal processing and control unit includes a control module and a signal processing module; Each optical fiber is connected to the control module through an intelligent optical switch, so that the control module can control opening or closing of each optical fiber through the intelligent optical switch; The signal processing module is used to obtain the fluctuation information of the cable to be tested and the light reflection characteristics of different materials based on the reflection signal of the detector, calculate the position change of the cable according to the on-off status of the optical switch, realize the distance measurement, and obtain the three-dimensional imaging data of the cable to be tested by splicing the reflection signals at different positions; The 3D imaging and fault detection unit is used to automatically compare the 3D imaging data of the cable to be tested with the normal cable model data, and then determine whether the cable is faulty; The cloud monitoring platform is used to realize remote monitoring and data storage based on the judgment data of the three-dimensional imaging and fault detection unit.

[0026] The present invention provides a cable three-dimensional imaging and fault detection system based on an optical fiber array. The system realizes accurate detection and efficient imaging of the inside of the cable by constructing a ring optical fiber array, combining a multi-wavelength pulse laser, a beam combiner, a coupler and an intelligent optical switch. The system activates the optical fibers one by one to emit lasers, obtains the cable reflection signal, and analyzes the signal strength and flight time through a signal processing module to generate a three-dimensional imaging map of the cable, and automatically identifies and locates the fault. The system not only has the ability to collect and analyze real-time reflection data, but also can realize remote storage and monitoring of data through a cloud monitoring platform, improve the accuracy of cable fault detection and maintenance efficiency, and optimize cable management.

[0027] The architecture of the system of the present invention mainly includes the following parts: Fiber Array. The present invention uses a fiber array in a ring layout, which is composed of multiple fiber optic components. These optical fibers are evenly and closely distributed in a circular glass sleeve to ensure that signals can be obtained from multiple locations, enhancing the comprehensiveness and accuracy of detection. The number and configuration of optical fibers can be adjusted according to the specific size and shape of the cable.

[0028] Combiner. Each fiber in the fiber array is connected to a combiner at one end. The function of the combiner is to combine the optical signals from different fibers into a single output signal.

[0029] Coupler. The output end of the beam combiner is connected to the coupler. The coupler plays a vital role in the system, with one end connected to the light source and the other end connected to the detector. It can efficiently transmit optical signals to ensure that the laser sent by the light source can effectively reach the cable and enable the detector to accurately receive the reflected signal.

[0030] Light source. The present invention uses a multi-wavelength pulsed laser as a light source, and its wavelength can be adjusted according to the cable material to be detected to adapt to the reflection characteristics of different materials. The application of multi-wavelength lasers can improve the flexibility and accuracy of detecting various cable materials. For example, when detecting metal cables such as aluminum or copper, near-infrared light with a wavelength in the range of 800-900 nanometers is usually used. Lasers of this wavelength can effectively penetrate the metal surface and make full use of the high reflectivity of the metal to light of different wavelengths to ensure high-quality capture of reflected signals. When detecting plastic sheath materials, it is recommended to use visible light with a wavelength in the range of 600-700 nanometers. Lasers in this wavelength range can better excite the optical properties of plastics, thereby enhancing their interaction with lasers and improving the sensitivity and detection accuracy of plastic material reflection signals. Different light sources are switched by optical switches to achieve the optimal signal-to-noise ratio, and laser emission can be switched between different wavelengths λ.

[0031] Optical switch. In the optical fiber array, each optical fiber is connected to the control module through an optical switch. The function of the optical switch is to turn on and off each optical fiber in turn based on the instructions of the control module, so as to achieve the precise emission of laser from a specific optical fiber, so that the laser can illuminate different parts of the cable one by one and reflect from that position, thereby obtaining the reflection and depth information of the cable at that position.

[0032] Detector. It is responsible for receiving the light signal reflected from the cable, recording the intensity and return time of the reflected signal in real time, obtaining the cable's ups and downs information, and the light reflection characteristics of different materials in the cable. By splicing the reflected signals at different positions, a three-dimensional image of the cable can be obtained.

[0033] Signal processing and control module. The collected reflection signal then enters the signal processing module for in-depth analysis, and uses time domain reflection technology to process the signal. During the analysis process, the system automatically calculates the position change of the cable according to the on and off conditions of the optical switch, and uses the following formula to achieve distance measurement: (1) in, For distance, is the speed of light propagation in the optical fiber, is the round trip time of the optical signal.

[0034] By detecting time, the change in the distance between the specific optical fiber end faces at different positions of the cable is obtained, thereby obtaining the three-dimensional fluctuation of the cable end face.

[0035] At the same time, the change of reflection intensity R at different positions also reflects the change of impedance Z at that position. By comparing with the normal cable impedance, the fault can be determined.

[0036] (2); Where ΔR is the change in reflectivity, and Z1 and Z2 are the impedances before and after the fault.

[0037] The module is also used to control the emission of the laser and control the optical switch to switch the optical fiber channel.

[0038] 3D imaging and fault detection module. By activating optical fibers in sequence and recording the corresponding reflected signals, the system can splice the signal strength information at different locations point by point, and associate the signal strength information corresponding to each optical fiber activation with the calculated reflection position. The intensity data of each acquisition point is gradually spliced ​​into a complete signal strength map to generate a 3D imaging map of the cable. By automatically comparing it with the normal cable model, potential fault locations can be quickly identified, providing accurate fault detection results.

[0039] Cloud monitoring platform. The system of the present invention also uploads the judgment result data to the cloud monitoring platform to realize real-time storage and analysis of the data. Through human-computer interaction, users can access the cable status through the platform and respond in time to improve the efficiency of cable maintenance and management.

[0040] Since the present invention uses multi-wavelength pulsed lasers, the system can flexibly adapt to the detection requirements of different materials (such as metals, cable plastics, etc.), thereby improving its applicability in various application scenarios. Early fault detection and location can help users effectively avoid downtime caused by cable faults.

[0041] The following is a further detailed description of a cable three-dimensional imaging and fault detection system and method based on an optical fiber array according to the present invention through specific embodiments.

[0042] Development and integration of system hardware; the system hardware development and integration process includes the design, manufacture and integration of multiple key components, as follows: Design a ring-shaped fiber array using high-quality optical glass fibers to ensure low loss and high transmission efficiency. Select the appropriate fiber diameter (such as 0.25mm or 0.5mm, etc.) and type (single-mode fiber or multi-mode fiber) according to application requirements (select single-mode fiber for high signal measurement quality and measurement of closer cables; select multi-mode fiber for measurement of farther cables with low reflectivity).

[0043] Laser cutting and precision machining technology are used to cut the optical fiber to ensure the same length and even distribution. The optical fiber is fixed in the round sleeve with special glue to ensure that the end face of the optical fiber is flush with the cable surface to increase the coupling efficiency. A protective shell is added to the outside of the optical fiber array to protect the optical fiber from the external environment, especially in humid or high-pressure working conditions, to ensure long-term stability.

[0044] Select multi-wavelength pulse lasers that can be switched in the range of 600-900 nanometers through optical switches to meet the needs of cable detection of different materials. Strict performance tests are carried out on the lasers, including light output stability, pulse width, repetition frequency, etc., to meet actual application requirements.

[0045] Design a high-efficiency optical combiner to combine signals from different optical fibers. Use the optical fiber melt-drawing process to manufacture the combiner to ensure the intensity uniformity of the incident light signal. Design a low-loss coupler to connect the laser and the detector. The coupler must be manufactured using the optical fiber melt-drawing technology to ensure low-loss transmission of the optical signal.

[0046] Select controllable optical switches, such as MEMS optical switches or photoelectric switches. These devices should have fast response capabilities and reliable switching states to enable the activation of optical fibers one by one. Develop dedicated control circuits and software to ensure that the activation timing of each optical fiber can be accurately controlled according to system requirements to ensure the accuracy of laser emission.

[0047] Use a high-sensitivity photodetector (such as APD or CCD) with a high enough response speed and sensitivity to ensure that weaker reflected signals are received. Design a signal acquisition circuit to quickly convert the detected optical signal into an electrical signal, and then amplify and filter it to improve the signal quality and ensure the accuracy of the subsequent signal processing module.

[0048] Select a high-speed microcontroller or FPGA (field programmable gate array) to be responsible for real-time control of laser output, optical switch status, and signal data acquisition and processing. Develop corresponding data analysis methods including time domain reflectometry (TDR) to accurately calculate the reflected signal and distance measurement of each optical fiber.

[0049] Integrate the above parts to ensure that the fiber array, laser, beam combiner, optical switch and detection module are reasonably arranged in the same chassis to prevent interference and loss of optical signals. Perform comprehensive system debugging to verify the connection correctness and functional reliability of each module. Use standard cables in the laboratory environment for testing to ensure that the system's reflected signal is captured and processed accurately. Through repeated tests, verify the system's fault detection capability, data acquisition rate and three-dimensional imaging effect to ensure that all functions can operate stably. In addition, configure an autonomous learning module on the system's monitoring platform to automatically identify and optimize fault detection parameters by analyzing historical detection data and continuously optimize the system based on test results.

[0050] The present invention also provides a cable three-dimensional imaging and fault detection method based on an optical fiber array, comprising the following steps: S1, the light source unit emits multi-wavelength pulsed lasers, and directs the lasers into each optical fiber in the optical fiber array through a beam combiner; S2, the control module controls opening or closing each optical fiber through an intelligent optical switch; S3, obtaining the fluctuation information of the cable to be tested and the light reflection characteristics of different materials through the reflection signal of the detector, calculating the position change of the cable according to the on-off condition of the optical switch, realizing distance measurement, and obtaining the three-dimensional imaging data of the cable to be tested by splicing the reflection signals at different positions; S4. Automatically compare the three-dimensional imaging data of the cable to be tested with the normal cable model data through the three-dimensional imaging and fault detection unit to determine whether the cable is faulty.

[0051] Specifically, the workflow of this system begins when the user starts the cable 3D imaging and fault detection system on the control interface. The system first issues a command through the control module to activate each optical fiber in the optical fiber array in turn to ensure that the laser can be smoothly introduced to the cable test position. The activated optical fiber will emit multi-wavelength pulsed lasers. When these laser pulses enter the cable, they encounter different materials and potential fault points, which will cause changes in reflection intensity and flight time.

[0052] As the laser is emitted, the signal detection module monitors and captures the optical signal reflected from the cable in real time, recording the reflection intensity and return time of each laser pulse. These data are quickly transmitted to the signal processing module, which uses time domain reflection technology to analyze the signal. By calculating the round-trip time of the reflected signal and combining it with the speed of light propagation in the optical fiber, the system can accurately determine the distance from the optical fiber to the reflection point.

[0053] After signal processing is completed, the signal strength information obtained by activating each optical fiber and its corresponding distance data will be spliced ​​to generate a high-resolution three-dimensional cable image. This image accurately shows the details of the cable structure and automatically identifies potential fault areas by comparing it with the normal cable model, thereby providing accurate fault location.

[0054] All the detected results and generated 3D images will be uploaded to the cloud monitoring platform in real time. Users can access the platform through the network and check the cable status and historical detection records at any time. This process effectively improves the accuracy and efficiency of cable fault detection, and provides support for intelligent cable management, realizing efficient cable maintenance and management.

[0055] In summary, the present invention provides a cable three-dimensional imaging and fault detection system and method based on an optical fiber array. The system can quickly and accurately identify the fault location inside the cable through precise three-dimensional imaging technology and all-round signal capture capabilities, significantly improve the accuracy of fault detection, and reduce the significant losses caused by failure to discover the fault in time. At the same time, the system supports real-time data collection and analysis, and combined with the remote monitoring capabilities of the cloud monitoring platform, enables maintenance personnel to respond to potential problems in a timely manner, effectively improving the work efficiency of cable maintenance.

[0056] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any form. Any ordinary technician in the industry can smoothly implement the present invention as shown in the specification and described above. However, any equivalent changes, modifications and evolutions made by technicians familiar with the profession without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention using the technical content disclosed above are all equivalent embodiments of the present invention. At the same time, any equivalent changes, modifications and evolutions made to the above embodiments based on the essential technology of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cable three-dimensional imaging and fault detection system based on optical fiber array, characterized in that: The system includes a light detection unit and a signal processing and control unit, a three-dimensional imaging and fault detection unit, and a cloud platform unit configured therein, wherein: The optical detection unit includes an optical fiber array, which includes a plurality of optical fibers, the input ends of the plurality of optical fibers are connected to a beam combiner, the output end of the beam combiner is connected to a light source, and the output end of the beam combiner is also connected to a detector through a coupler; The signal processing and control unit includes a control module and a signal processing module; Each optical fiber is connected to the control module through an intelligent optical switch, so that the control module can control opening or closing of each optical fiber through the intelligent optical switch; The signal processing module is used to obtain the fluctuation information of the cable to be tested and the light reflection characteristics of different materials based on the reflection signal of the detector, calculate the position change of the cable according to the on-off status of the optical switch, realize the distance measurement, and obtain the three-dimensional imaging data of the cable to be tested by splicing the reflection signals at different positions; The 3D imaging and fault detection unit is used to automatically compare the 3D imaging data of the cable to be tested with the normal cable model data, and then determine whether the cable is faulty; The cloud monitoring platform is used to realize remote monitoring and data storage based on the judgment data of the three-dimensional imaging and fault detection unit.

2. The optical fiber array-based cable three-dimensional imaging and fault detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optical fiber array has a cylindrical accommodating cavity, and a plurality of optical fibers penetrate the accommodating cavity along the length direction thereof.

3. The optical fiber array-based cable three-dimensional imaging and fault detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The light source unit includes a multi-wavelength pulse laser.

4. The optical fiber array-based cable three-dimensional imaging and fault detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent optical switch includes a distributed optical switch network.

5. The optical fiber array-based cable three-dimensional imaging and fault detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The signal processing module obtains the fluctuation characteristics and material properties of the cable to be tested by analyzing the time domain reflection technology.

6. The optical fiber array-based cable three-dimensional imaging and fault detection system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The signal processing module records the reflection intensity and return time of each laser pulse based on the optical signal, analyzes the signal using time domain reflection technology, calculates the round-trip time of the reflected signal, and determines the fluctuation characteristics and material properties of the cable to be tested by combining the propagation speed of light in the optical fiber, and determines the distance from the optical signal emitted from the optical fiber to the reflection point.

7. The optical fiber array-based cable three-dimensional imaging and fault detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance from the optical signal emitted from the optical fiber to the reflection point is determined by the following formula (1): （1）； in, For distance, is the speed of light propagation in the optical fiber, is the round trip time of the optical signal.

8. The optical fiber array-based cable three-dimensional imaging and fault detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The 3D imaging and fault detection unit automatically compares the 3D imaging data with the normal cable model data using the following formula (2): （2）； Where ΔR is the change in reflectivity, and Z1 and Z2 are the impedances before and after the fault.

9. The optical fiber array-based cable three-dimensional imaging and fault detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring platform provides human-computer interaction functions such as real-time data access, historical data query and alarm notification. The monitoring platform has an autonomous learning module that can automatically identify and optimize fault detection parameters by analyzing historical detection data.

10. A cable three-dimensional imaging and fault detection method based on optical fiber array, characterized in that: The method is based on the optical fiber array-based cable three-dimensional imaging and fault detection system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, and comprises the following steps: S1, the light source unit emits multi-wavelength pulsed lasers, and directs the lasers into each optical fiber in the optical fiber array through a beam combiner; S2, the control module controls opening or closing each optical fiber through an intelligent optical switch; S3, obtaining the fluctuation information of the cable to be tested and the light reflection characteristics of different materials through the reflection signal of the detector, calculating the position change of the cable according to the on-off condition of the optical switch, realizing distance measurement, and obtaining the three-dimensional imaging data of the cable to be tested by splicing the reflection signals at different positions; S4. Automatically compare the three-dimensional imaging data of the cable to be tested with the normal cable model data through the three-dimensional imaging and fault detection unit to determine whether the cable is faulty.

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