Account asset data structure and blockchain transaction liability traceability method

Abstract

The application discloses an account asset data structure and a blockchain transaction responsibility tracing method. The application combines a UTXO model and proposes a brand-new account asset data structure, so that the transaction is tracked from the account level and the transaction level. The account asset data structure comprises three key data structures, namely, a transfer structure transfer, a balance structure balance and an account structure account, and is associated in a chain structure according to a transaction relationship. In the actual transaction history tracing process, through the chain structure, the data structure of the application can trace the transaction record step by step, so that the time complexity of the transaction is reduced to linear. The design significantly improves the tracing efficiency, so that the supervisor can obtain the transaction information more quickly and accurately. Meanwhile, the balance change information of the account level can be paid attention to.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to a blockchain transaction responsibility tracing method, in particular to an account asset data structure and a blockchain transaction responsibility tracing method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Data records on the blockchain form blocks by data packaging, and a hash pointer pointing to the previous block is contained in the block header, forming a chain record of data blocks, and the data source can be found block by block according to the pointer, so that the data is naturally traceable.

[0003] However, when forming data blocks, the blockchain platform combines and packages multiple transactions and multiple groups of data. Although this ensures the complete record of valid transactions and related data, when tracing a single transaction, without additional historical records to support accurate tracing, it is necessary to traverse the data blocks in the transaction time span to query. When the data blocks contain many transactions, the calculation overhead and time cost of tracing and tracing are too high. The associated accounting system only records the income and expenditure of the relevant accounts, and only requires the balance of the account income and expenditure, and does not care about the sustainable traceability of the transaction subject matter after leaving the account. The anti-examination mechanism represented by the "coin mixing pool" takes advantage of this design flaw. Even in some non-open source consortium chain systems developed to serve the real supply chain, due to the lack of records and maintenance of the mapping relationship between the warehouse and the warehouse of the same account, the traceability of goods involved in the complex logistics process usually only relies on traditional technologies such as barcodes or product serial numbers. In the face of counterfeiting and gray supply channels, there is no effective and reliable means to prevent it technically. Therefore, how to improve the effective tracing ability of the on-chain data, carry out accurate tracing of the transaction content, and avoid meaningless tracing of non-related content is a challenging problem that needs to be solved.

[0004] The existing Ethereum technology is based on an account model based on account balance. In this model, each account has a continuously updated state, including the current balance, transaction count (nonce), and related smart contract state. Transaction processing simply adjusts the balance of the account, increasing or decreasing the corresponding amount, and the transaction only involves a simple increase or decrease in the balance of the account. After each transaction processing, the original source of funds information is "erased", and only the new balance result is retained. Therefore, once the funds enter the account, the historical record is eliminated, and only the current digital representation of the account state remains.

[0005] In the account model based on account balance, the tracing of transaction history often requires traversing the entire blockchain, which not only significantly increases the time cost of transaction supervision, but also may cause inefficiency and waste of resources. In particular, when the number of transactions is large, the delay and complexity of the system in processing are particularly prominent.

[0006] In addition, for those transactions with homogenization attributes, the system usually only records the basic income and expenditure of the relevant accounts, but lacks sustainable tracking of the transaction after leaving the account. This design makes it difficult to track the whereabouts and status of the transaction in multi-party transactions or complex supply chain scenarios, further weakening the transparency and trustworthiness of the system.

[0007] Under the supervision requirements, each flow of funds needs to be clearly indicated from which specific input to which output. The tracking of the flow of funds needs to be inferred indirectly by reviewing the transaction history of the account, which may pose certain challenges to scenarios that require high-level audit or supervision. Therefore, improving the traceability of transaction and the efficiency of supervision has become an important problem to be solved. SUMMARY

[0008] In view of how to improve the effective traceability of on-chain data, the present application proposes an account asset data structure and a blockchain transaction responsibility traceability method. The present application combines the UTXO model and proposes a new account asset structure design scheme, thereby realizing the tracking of transactions from the account level and the transaction level. The present application establishes three key data structures, namely, the transfer structure transfer, the balance structure balance and the account structure account, and correlates them in a chain structure according to the transaction relationship. In the actual transaction history traceability process, through this chain structure, the present application can trace the transaction record step by step, thereby reducing the time complexity of the transaction to linear. This design significantly improves the traceability efficiency, so that the supervisor can obtain transaction information more quickly and accurately. At the same time, the balance change information at the account level can be concerned.

[0009] In addition, in the process of auditing the legality of the transaction, the present application not only concerns whether the transaction is sufficient, but also emphasizes the detailed record of the source of each transaction. By realizing the point-to-point accurate tracking of the historical transaction record of the transaction with homogenization characteristics, the transparency and verifiability of the transaction are effectively enhanced. This innovative design not only improves the data traceability, but also opens up a broader prospect for the application of blockchain technology.

[0010] The technical solutions of the present application are as follows:

[0011] I. An account asset data structure

[0012] The account asset data structure includes an account structure account, a balance structure balance, and a transfer structure transfer.

[0013] The account structure account is used to store account IDs and different balance structures balance under each account.

[0014] The balance structure balance is used to store asset balance IDs, transaction IDs generating the asset balance, and the numerical value of the current asset amount.

[0015] The transfer structure transfer is used to store transaction IDs in the transaction process, input balances and their sources, usage amounts of corresponding balance IDs, and transaction output accounts.

[0016] In the transfer structure transfer, the transaction output account is only one.

[0017] The asset balance includes digital currency, energy quota, double-carbon field allocation quota, and physical assets in the supply chain.

[0018] II. A blockchain transaction responsibility traceability method using an account asset data structure

[0019] In the transaction process, the operation terminal stores each account and the transaction data of the account according to the account asset data structure, and then stores all account asset data into the database of the blockchain node through the smart contract on the chain.

[0020] In the traceability process, for the source of each fund balance, the transfer structure transfer in the account asset data structure corresponding to the current fund balance is obtained, the input balance and its source of the transaction are obtained from the transfer structure transfer, so that the upper-level fund balance is determined, and then the traceability is performed level by level, forming a chain traceability, until the transaction responsibility traceability is completed.

[0021] III. A computer device

[0022] The device includes a memory and a processor, the memory stores a computer program, and the processor implements the steps of the blockchain transaction responsibility traceability method using the account asset data structure when executing the computer program.

[0023] IV. A computer readable storage medium

[0024] The medium stores a computer program, and the computer program implements the steps of the blockchain transaction responsibility traceability method using the account asset data structure when executed by the processor.

[0025] V. A computer program product

[0026] The product includes computer programs / instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the method for tracing the responsibility of a blockchain transaction using an account asset data structure.

[0027] The beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0028] 1. Accurate tracking of transactions with homogenized characteristics:

[0029] In the transfer structure, the balance array lists the source of each transaction input, and the system can clearly identify the specific origin of each asset. This transparent recording method ensures that the flow of all transaction objects can be traced, greatly reducing the risk of asset confusion. The spend array details the amount of each asset used in the transaction, which not only helps to accurately calculate the actual flow of each transaction, but also prevents double-spending attacks (i.e., the same asset is repeatedly consumed). When dealing with homogenized assets, the combination of the balance array and the spend array allows the system to manage each asset in detail, ensuring the transparency and traceability of its transaction history.

[0030] 2. Effective traceability at the transaction level and monitoring ability at the account level:

[0031] The transfer structure clearly records the input and output information of each transaction, making the path of the fund flow clear at a glance. The balance structure points to the transaction that generates each balance, ensuring that the correlation between transactions is maintained, making tracking more direct and rapid. The account structure provides account-level management, allowing the balance changes of each account to be effectively monitored. Through this design, users and regulatory agencies can quickly find the source and direction of the funds, reducing the need for full-volume traversal of the entire block, greatly improving the response speed and data processing efficiency of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the account asset structure.

[0033] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a transaction instance in the present embodiment.

[0034] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a traceability instance in the present embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0036] Blockchain transaction tracing is a method of using blockchain technology to track and verify transaction records. According to the decentralized and transparent characteristics of the blockchain, all transaction records are publicly stored on a public ledger and can be viewed and verified by everyone. Since every transaction on the blockchain is recorded in a block and once recorded, it is difficult to tamper with or delete, the complete record of each transaction is permanently saved on the chain, so users can rely on the tamper-proof nature of the blockchain to trace the origin and destination of the transaction.

[0037] The present application is based on the account model based on account balance, combined with UTXO model, to build the chain relationship between transaction input and output, in order to facilitate accurate tracing. In the traditional account model, only the change of current account balance is recorded, and the association between transaction input and output is not effectively established, resulting in the need to traverse the entire block when tracking the source of each transaction. This process is not only complex and time-consuming, but also increases the difficulty of tracing. Therefore, the present application introduces the balance structure balance, aiming to enhance the association between input and output of transactions and promote step-by-step tracing. This innovative design significantly reduces the time complexity of tracing, making the tracing of transaction history more efficient and convenient. In addition, multiple asset balances balance are introduced under the same account to distinguish transactions with homogenization characteristics, which further enhances the ability to accurately track each balance of the user. In this way, the present application can achieve comprehensive monitoring and tracking of transaction objects, ensuring the transparency and verifiability of transactions. This not only optimizes the application of blockchain technology in asset management, but also provides more effective support for supervision and compliance.

[0038] Specifically as follows:

[0039] As shown in Figure 1 , the account asset data structure includes account structure account, balance structure balance and transfer structure transfer;

[0040] The account structure account is used to store the account ID and different balance structures balance under each account through the balances array; in this embodiment, the account ID is identified by the account number aid, and the balance of different assets under the account is identified by the balance array balances, which is used to distinguish homogenized currencies.

[0041] The balance structure balance is used to store the asset balance ID, the transaction ID for generating the asset balance, and the numerical value of the current asset amount; in the embodiment, the asset balance ID is identified by the balance number bid; the transaction ID for generating the asset balance is identified by the transaction number tid, thereby being linked to the previous transaction, enhancing the correlation between the transaction structures, and facilitating the traceability operation; and the remaining amount of the balance is identified by the amount, and the remaining amount after each transaction is recorded, so as to facilitate the next transaction.

[0042] The transfer structure transfer is used to store the transaction ID in the transaction process, the input balance and its source, the used amount of the corresponding balance balance ID, and the transaction output account; in the embodiment, the transaction ID is identified by the transaction number tid; the input amount is identified by the input array inputs, indicating the source of each inflow fund; the used amount of the corresponding balance balance is identified by the spend array; and the final output account of the transaction is identified by the output output, while the transaction output to the fund is limited to flow to only one account, thereby avoiding that malicious transactions will disperse multiple account balances to multiple accounts, and making the traceability process more efficient.

[0043] The asset balance includes digital currency, energy quota, double-carbon field allocation quota, and physical assets in the supply chain.

[0044] The application further provides a blockchain transaction responsibility traceability method using the account asset data structure.

[0045] In the transaction process, the operation terminal stores each account and the transaction data of the account according to the account asset data structure, and then stores all account asset data in the database of the blockchain node through the smart contract on the chain;

[0046] The transaction example is shown in the following table. Figure 2 As shown in the table, Zhang San has successively deposited 60 units and 20 units of currency in account a1 in January and February, respectively, and marked as b1 and b2. At the same time, under account a2, he has 30 units of currency from the last transaction, marked as b3. When Zhang San needs to transfer 100 units of currency to Li Si's account a3, he must clearly indicate the source composition of the 100 units of currency. For example, 50 units of currency come from the deposit in January, 20 units of currency come from the deposit in February, and 30 units of currency come from the balance of the last transaction. Therefore, after the transfer, Zhang San has 10 units of currency remaining in account a1, which comes from the deposit b1 in January. This clear source identification not only improves the transparency of the transaction, but also provides convenience for subsequent auditing and supervision.

[0047] In practical application, the asset balance corresponding to the balance structure balance can be in various forms, such as digital currency, energy quota, or allocation quota in the double-carbon field, or even physical assets in the supply chain. Since the balance structure balance points to the specific transaction that generates the balance, the association between each input of the transaction and the output of the last transaction can be easily established through the balance structure balance. This mechanism effectively enhances the traceability of transactions, making the history of asset circulation clearer and providing strong support for various asset management and supervision. Since the transfer of each transaction subject records its source and destination, it can be efficiently traced back to the responsible party of each circulation.

[0048] In the traceability process, for the source of each fund balance, the transfer structure transfer in the asset data structure of the account corresponding to the current fund balance is obtained from the database of the blockchain node, the input balance of the transaction and its source are obtained from the transfer structure transfer, thereby determining the upper-level fund balance, and then tracing back level by level to form chain traceability, until the transaction responsibility traceability is completed.

[0049] The fund source is tracked, and the fund in the balance b6 is taken as an example, as shown in Figure 3 Starting from the transaction t4, the source of the transaction input b6 is traced back, the tid in the b6 structure is tracked to the transaction t3, and it is concluded that the balance b6 is combined from the balances b4 and b5. Continue to track the upper level, and finally it can be concluded that the source of the fund balance b6 is b1, b2 and b3.

[0050] This method converts the traversal traceability into chain traceability, reduces the difficulty of traceability and simplifies the tracking process, making the fund circulation path more clear and identifiable, so that the supervisory personnel can quickly obtain the required fund flow information, improving the efficiency of the system. Through accurate positioning of the source of each transaction, relevant parties can better understand the flow of funds, thereby improving the trust and security of the entire system.

[0051] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments and explanations are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application and are not limiting. Those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present application can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions disclosed by the present application. They should be covered in the protection scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. An account asset data structure, characterized in that, The account asset data structure includes an account structure, a balance structure, and a transfer structure. The account structure is used to store account IDs and the different balance structures under each account. The balance structure is used to store the asset balance ID, the transaction ID that generated the asset balance, and the current asset amount. The transfer structure is used to store the transaction ID, input balance and its source, the amount used by the corresponding balance ID, and the transaction output account during the transaction process; In the transfer structure, the input array inputs identifies the input amount and indicates the source of each inflow of funds; there is only one transaction output account.

2. The account asset data structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The asset balance includes digital currencies, energy quotas, carbon emission allowances, and physical assets in the supply chain.

3. A blockchain transaction accountability method employing the account asset data structure described in claim 1, characterized in that, include: During the transaction, the operating terminal stores each account and its transaction data according to the account asset data structure, and then stores all account asset data into the database of the blockchain node through on-chain smart contracts; During the tracing process, for the source of each fund balance, the transfer structure in the asset data structure of the account corresponding to the current fund balance is obtained. The input balance and its source of the transaction are obtained from the transfer structure, thereby determining the fund balance of the next higher level. This process is then repeated level by level to form a chain of tracing until the tracing of transaction responsibility is completed.

4. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps of the blockchain transaction accountability tracing method using an account asset data structure as described in claim 3.

5. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the blockchain transaction accountability tracing method using an account asset data structure as described in claim 3.

6. A computer program product comprising a computer program / instructions, characterized in that, When the computer program / instruction is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the blockchain transaction accountability method using an account asset data structure as described in claim 3.

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