A method for FAST regional hail potential prediction and approach warning

Abstract

The present application provides a method for predicting hail potential and imminent warning in a FAST region, which relates to the field of data processing technology, including: collecting distribution data of radio signal intensity in the atmosphere of a target region; extracting a structural characteristic index of the atmosphere based on the distribution data of radio signal intensity; calculating the hail potential index of the atmosphere based on the structural characteristic index of the atmosphere of the target region, as well as the CAPE value and relative humidity of the atmosphere; analyzing the influence of the wind field on the hail potential based on the hail potential index of the atmosphere of the target region, and determining the wind field velocity vector; conducting a comprehensive risk assessment of the approaching hail based on the hail potential index, structural characteristic index and wind field velocity vector of the atmosphere of the target region, and determining a comprehensive risk index; based on the comprehensive risk index, determining the warning level of the atmospheric hail approaching warning in the target region and issuing warning information. The embodiments of the present application can improve the accuracy of hail potential prediction and imminent warning.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to, but is not limited to, the field of data processing technology, and in particular to a method and computer system for FAST regional hail potential prediction and imminent warning. Background Art

[0002] At present, hail potential prediction and proximity warning mainly rely on traditional numerical weather forecast models, radar data and meteorological observation data. These methods usually predict the occurrence of hail by simulating thermodynamic and kinetic processes in the atmosphere. Radar echo intensity, meteorological sounding data and satellite observation data are often used for real-time monitoring and short-term warning, combined with existing statistical and physical models to evaluate hail potential. Most existing hail warning systems use empirical formulas or manual analysis to interpret radar data, combine ground meteorological station data to calculate potential hail areas, and issue relevant warnings.

[0003] However, traditional warning methods often rely on historical data and empirical models, lacking high-precision capture of instantaneous atmospheric changes, resulting in limited timeliness and accuracy of warnings. Secondly, these methods often rely on observations of specific meteorological elements and lack sufficient resolution for complex processes at smaller scales in the atmosphere, making it difficult to further improve prediction accuracy. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the embodiment of the present application at least provides a method for FAST regional hail potential prediction and imminent warning. The technical solution of the embodiment of the present application is implemented as follows:

[0005] On the one hand, the embodiment of the present application provides a method for FAST regional hail potential prediction and imminent warning, including:

[0006] Collect distribution data of radio signal intensity in the atmosphere of the target area;

[0007] Extracting a structural characteristic index of the atmosphere of the target area based on the distribution data of the radio signal intensity;

[0008] Calculating the hail potential index of the atmosphere based on the structural characteristic index of the atmosphere in the target area, as well as the CAPE value and relative humidity of the atmosphere;

[0009] Analyzing the influence of the wind field on the hail potential based on the hail potential index of the atmosphere in the target area, and determining the wind field velocity vector;

[0010] Conducting a comprehensive risk assessment of approaching hail based on the atmospheric hail potential index, structural characteristic index and wind field velocity vector of the target area, and determining a comprehensive risk index;

[0011] Based on the comprehensive risk index, the warning level of the atmospheric hail impending warning in the target area is determined and a warning message is issued.

[0012] In some embodiments, the collecting of distribution data of radio signal strength in the atmosphere of the target area includes:

[0013] Acquire the horizontal coordinate, the vertical coordinate and the ordinate in the space of the target area, and the time corresponding to each data, and construct the spatial coordinate system of the distribution data;

[0014] Obtain the atmospheric attenuation coefficient indicating the attenuation degree of the atmosphere on the radio signal, the height attenuation factor indicating the attenuation degree of the radio signal strength with increasing altitude, and the height of each signal collection point relative to the ground;

[0015] Acquire a reference signal strength of a radio signal and the strength of each harmonic component of the radio signal;

[0016] Obtaining the angular frequency and phase of each of the harmonic components;

[0017] Obtaining the temperature correction coefficient of the effect of temperature change on the radio signal strength, and the temperature change amount of the difference between the current temperature and the reference temperature;

[0018] The distribution data of the radio signal intensity in the atmosphere of the target area is determined based on the altitude, the atmospheric attenuation coefficient, the altitude attenuation factor, the reference signal strength of the radio signal, the intensity, angular frequency and phase of each of the harmonic components, the temperature correction coefficient and the temperature change.

[0019] In some embodiments, the distribution data of the radio signal intensity in the atmosphere of the target area is expressed as:

[0020] Where R is the radio signal intensity, x, y, z are the horizontal, vertical and vertical coordinates in space respectively, and t is the time. is the atmospheric attenuation coefficient, is the height attenuation factor, h is the height, is the baseline signal strength, is the intensity of the ith harmonic component, is the angular frequency, is the phase, is the temperature correction factor, is the temperature change, is the reference temperature.

[0021] In some embodiments, extracting the structural characteristic index of the atmosphere of the target area based on the distribution data of the radio signal strength includes:

[0022] Obtaining a wavelength correction factor representing the correction effect of the wavelength of the radio signal on atmospheric propagation characteristics;

[0023] Acquire an adiabatic index representing the relationship between gas pressure and temperature of the atmosphere of the target area during gas expansion;

[0024] Obtaining the actual air pressure of the atmosphere in the target area;

[0025] The structural characteristic index of the atmosphere in the target area is extracted according to the distribution data of the radio signal intensity, the Laplace operator, the standard atmospheric pressure, the actual air pressure, the wavelength correction factor and the adiabatic index.

[0026] In some embodiments, the structural characteristic index of the atmosphere of the target area is expressed as: in, is an index of the structural characteristics of the atmosphere, is the Laplace operator, is the wavelength correction factor, is the standard atmospheric pressure, P is the actual air pressure, and k is the adiabatic index.

[0027] In some embodiments, the calculating of the hail potential index of the atmosphere based on the structural characteristic index of the atmosphere of the target area, and the CAPE value and relative humidity of the atmosphere includes:

[0028] Obtaining the scale factors for adjusting the influence of various physical quantities on hail potential;

[0029] Obtaining a height weight function to adjust the effect of different heights on hail potential;

[0030] Obtain the correction coefficient of convective effective potential energy to adjust the effect of CAPE value on hail potential;

[0031] Obtaining a relative humidity influence factor for adjusting the effect of relative humidity on hail potential;

[0032] Obtaining a reference convective effective potential energy corresponding to the CAPE value;

[0033] According to the scale factor, the height weight function, the convective effective potential correction coefficient, the relative humidity influencing factor and the reference convective effective potential, the structural characteristic index, CAPE value and relative humidity of the atmosphere are processed to calculate the hail potential index of the atmosphere.

[0034] In some embodiments, the analyzing the influence of the wind field on the hail potential based on the hail potential index of the atmosphere in the target area to determine the wind field velocity vector includes:

[0035] Obtaining the dynamic coefficient of the wind field of the atmosphere in the target area to the degree of response of the atmospheric structure;

[0036] Determining a spatial gradient of the hail potential index, wherein the spatial gradient represents a rate of change of the hail potential in space;

[0037] Obtaining a time evolution factor of the wind field's temporal change rate;

[0038] Determining a time rate of change of the radio signal strength according to the radio signal strength;

[0039] Obtaining the height attenuation coefficient of the wind field at different heights;

[0040] Get the reference altitude used to define the altitude attenuation standard;

[0041] The wind field velocity vector is determined according to the dynamic coefficient, the spatial gradient of the hail potential index, the time evolution factor, the time change rate of the radio signal intensity, the height attenuation coefficient and the reference height.

[0042] In some embodiments, the comprehensive risk assessment of the approaching hail based on the atmospheric hail potential index, structural characteristic index and wind field velocity vector of the target area to determine the comprehensive risk index includes:

[0043] Obtaining the wind speed impact factor indicating the impact of wind speed on the comprehensive risk;

[0044] Determining the modulus of the wind field velocity vector according to the wind field velocity vector;

[0045] Obtain the time change rate coefficient representing the time change effect of hail potential index;

[0046] Obtaining a time derivative of the hail potential, wherein the time derivative of the hail potential represents a speed of change of the potential over time;

[0047] Obtain the vertical integration weight coefficient used to adjust the impact of different atmospheric altitudes on the comprehensive risk;

[0048] The comprehensive risk index is determined based on the atmospheric hail potential index, structural characteristic index, wind field velocity vector, wind speed influence factor, modulus of the wind field velocity vector, time rate of change coefficient, time derivative of the hail potential and vertical integral weight coefficient of the target area.

[0049] In some embodiments, the determining, based on the comprehensive risk index, the warning level of the atmospheric hail approach warning in the target area and issuing warning information includes:

[0050] Obtain the first level threshold, the second level threshold and the third level threshold used to define different hail imminent warning risk levels;

[0051] A first change rate threshold, a second change rate threshold and a third change rate threshold used to define the effect of the time derivative of hail potential on the hail imminent warning risk level;

[0052] Based on the comparative relationship between the comprehensive risk index of the atmosphere in the target area and the first level threshold, the second level threshold and the third level threshold, and the comparative relationship between the time derivative of the hail potential and the first change rate threshold, the second change rate threshold and the third change rate threshold, the warning level of the atmospheric hail impending warning in the target area is determined and the warning information is issued.

[0053] On the other hand, the present application provides a computer system, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program executable on the processor, and the processor implements the steps in the above method when executing the program.

[0054] The beneficial effects of this application include at least:

[0055] This application, by combining the high-precision observation capability of FAST radio signals, can obtain the intensity distribution of radio signals in the atmosphere in real time, thereby accurately reflecting the structural characteristics of the atmosphere. This application not only collects atmospheric signals in real time through the FAST radio telescope, but also analyzes the impact of atmospheric changes on hail potential in real time through multiple dynamic models (such as wind field assessment models), which can detect potential hail disasters hours or even days in advance and provide more timely warnings. This application establishes a more comprehensive hail potential assessment model by comprehensively evaluating multiple meteorological factors such as the structural characteristics of the atmosphere, convective effective potential energy (CAPE), temperature changes, relative humidity, and wind speed. Compared with the assessment method of a single meteorological factor (such as temperature, humidity or wind speed), this multi-level and multi-dimensional analysis can more accurately capture changes in hail potential, thereby greatly improving the reliability of risk assessment.

[0056] In summary, this application provides important technical guarantees for the accuracy, reliability and response speed of hail prediction and warning systems, and helps to improve society's ability to prevent extreme meteorological disasters. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0057] The drawings herein are incorporated into the specification and constitute a part of the specification. These drawings illustrate embodiments consistent with the present application and are used together with the specification to illustrate the technical solution of the present application.

[0058] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the implementation flow of a method for FAST regional hail potential prediction and imminent warning provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0059] Figure 2 A hardware entity diagram of a computer system provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present application clearer, the technical solution of the present application is further elaborated in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The described embodiments should not be regarded as limitations on the present application. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application. In the following description, "some embodiments" are involved, which describe a subset of all possible embodiments, but it can be understood that "some embodiments" can be the same subset or different subsets of all possible embodiments, and can be combined with each other without conflict. The terms "first / second / third" involved are only used to distinguish similar objects and do not represent a specific order for the objects. It can be understood that "first / second / third" can be interchanged with a specific order or sequence where permitted, so that the embodiments of the present application described here can be implemented in an order other than that illustrated or described here.

[0061] The embodiment of the present application provides a method for FAST regional hail potential prediction and imminent warning, which can be executed by a processor of a computer system, wherein the computer system can refer to a device with data processing capabilities such as a server, a laptop, a tablet computer, and a desktop computer.

[0062] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the implementation flow of a method for FAST regional hail potential prediction and imminent warning provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. Figure 1 As shown, the method includes:

[0063] Step S10: Collecting distribution data of radio signal intensity in the atmosphere of the target area.

[0064] In some embodiments, step S10 may include:

[0065] Acquire the horizontal coordinate, the vertical coordinate and the ordinate in the space of the target area, and the time corresponding to each data, and construct the spatial coordinate system of the distribution data;

[0066] Obtain the atmospheric attenuation coefficient indicating the attenuation degree of the atmosphere on the radio signal, the height attenuation factor indicating the attenuation degree of the radio signal strength with increasing altitude, and the height of each signal collection point relative to the ground;

[0067] Acquire a reference signal strength of a radio signal and the strength of each harmonic component of the radio signal;

[0068] Obtaining the angular frequency and phase of each of the harmonic components;

[0069] Obtaining the temperature correction coefficient of the effect of temperature change on the radio signal strength, and the temperature change amount of the difference between the current temperature and the reference temperature;

[0070] The distribution data of the radio signal intensity in the atmosphere of the target area is determined based on the altitude, the atmospheric attenuation coefficient, the altitude attenuation factor, the reference signal strength of the radio signal, the intensity, angular frequency and phase of each of the harmonic components, the temperature correction coefficient and the temperature change.

[0071] In some embodiments, the distribution data of the radio signal strength in the atmosphere of the target area is expressed as:

[0072]

[0073] Where R is the radio signal intensity, x, y, z are the horizontal, vertical and vertical coordinates in space respectively, and t is the time. is the atmospheric attenuation coefficient, is the height attenuation factor, h is the height, is the baseline signal strength, is the intensity of the ith harmonic component, is the angular frequency, is the phase, is the temperature correction factor, is the temperature change, is the reference temperature.

[0074] In the specific implementation, x, y, and z are the horizontal coordinate, vertical coordinate, and vertical coordinate in space, respectively, indicating the spatial coordinates of the signal collection location. This spatial coordinate system is the basis for describing the distribution of atmospheric signal strength.

[0075] t is time, which represents the change in signal strength over time. As time changes, atmospheric conditions will change, affecting the strength of the signal.

[0076] is the atmospheric attenuation coefficient, which indicates the degree of attenuation of radio signals by the atmosphere. The atmosphere will produce different degrees of absorption and scattering of radio signals. Describes the degree of this attenuation. The attenuation coefficient is usually related to factors such as atmospheric density, humidity, and temperature.

[0077] It is the height attenuation factor, which determines the degree of attenuation of radio signal strength as the altitude increases. Changes in altitude will cause changes in the density, temperature, and air pressure of the atmosphere, thus affecting the propagation and attenuation of the signal.

[0078] h is the height, which indicates the height of the signal collection point relative to the ground. In the atmosphere, different altitudes will have different atmospheric characteristics, which in turn affect the propagation of radio signals.

[0079] is the strength of the i-th harmonic component, which indicates the basic strength of the atmospheric signal when other influencing factors are not considered. It can be regarded as an initial reference value of the signal strength.

[0080] is the reference signal strength. Radio signals are usually composite signals composed of multiple frequencies, each frequency component is called a harmonic. The strength of each harmonic is given by It indicates the signal strength of the frequency component.

[0081] It is the angular frequency, which is closely related to the periodic changes of the signal. The unit is radians per second, which determines the rate of change of the signal in time. By combining different frequencies, various fluctuations and changes in the atmosphere can be simulated.

[0082] The phase determines the initial position of the signal and describes the offset in the periodic change of the signal. It is very important for the accurate description of signal fluctuations, especially when analyzing signals at different time and space positions.

[0083] It is the temperature correction factor, which is used to correct the effect of temperature changes on the radio signal strength. Temperature changes in the atmosphere will affect the propagation characteristics of the signal, so corrections need to be made based on actual temperature changes.

[0084] It is the temperature change, which indicates the temperature difference between a certain moment and the reference temperature. Temperature difference has a significant impact on radio signals, especially for high-frequency signals, where temperature changes may cause changes in the speed and intensity of signal propagation.

[0085] It is a reference temperature, usually a standard value used as a basis for comparison. For example, the standard temperature of the atmosphere (such as 273K or 0°C) may be chosen as the reference temperature for temperature correction.

[0086] In the specific implementation, Describes the attenuation of radio signals in the atmosphere. The attenuation of the atmosphere increases with increasing altitude. is the atmospheric attenuation constant, is the factor that affects the height attenuation, is the height. As the height increases, the signal strength decays according to some exponential law.

[0087] This part takes into account the time variability and frequency content of the signal. is the baseline signal strength, representing the basic strength of the signal; and is the harmonic component of the signal, which is expressed by multiple frequencies (the intensity of each frequency component is ) to describe the change of the signal. Angular frequency and Phase It plays an important role in the periodicity and changing shape of the signal.

[0088] Used to correct the strength of radio signals according to temperature changes. Temperature changes will affect the refractive index of the atmosphere and the speed of signal propagation, thereby affecting the strength of the signal. By introducing a temperature correction factor and temperature change , make appropriate corrections to the signal strength to improve the accuracy of the measurement.

[0089] The physical meaning of atmospheric attenuation is that radio signals will be affected by the attenuation of the atmosphere during propagation, and the attenuation will become more obvious as the altitude increases. This attenuation term helps to consider the impact of different altitudes of the atmosphere on the signal.

[0090] The physical meaning of the time-varying nature of the signal is that the signal contains multiple harmonic components, which represent the changes of the signal in time. Harmonic components of different frequencies together constitute the final radio signal.

[0091] The physical meaning of the effect of temperature on the signal is to consider the effect of temperature changes on signal propagation through correction factors, especially the effect of fluctuations in atmospheric temperature on the propagation characteristics of the signal (such as speed and refractive index).

[0092] In summary, this application accurately describes the calculation method of radio signal strength under different time and space conditions by comprehensively considering factors such as atmospheric attenuation, signal frequency characteristics and temperature changes. This modeling method enables detailed information about the atmosphere to be obtained through radio signals, providing a high-quality data basis for subsequent hail potential prediction and risk assessment.

[0093] Step S20: extracting the structural characteristic index of the atmosphere in the target area based on the distribution data of the radio signal intensity.

[0094] In some embodiments, step S20 may include:

[0095] Obtaining a wavelength correction factor representing the correction effect of the wavelength of the radio signal on atmospheric propagation characteristics;

[0096] Acquire an adiabatic index representing the relationship between gas pressure and temperature of the atmosphere of the target area during gas expansion;

[0097] Obtaining the actual air pressure of the atmosphere in the target area;

[0098] The structural characteristic index of the atmosphere in the target area is extracted according to the distribution data of the radio signal intensity, the Laplace operator, the standard atmospheric pressure, the actual air pressure, the wavelength correction factor and the adiabatic index.

[0099] In some embodiments, the structural characteristic index of the atmosphere of the target area is expressed as:

[0100] in, is an index of the structural characteristics of the atmosphere, is the Laplace operator, is the wavelength correction factor, is the standard atmospheric pressure, P is the actual air pressure, and k is the adiabatic index.

[0101] In the specific implementation, It is the strength of the radio signal in the atmosphere, which depends on the spatial coordinates (x, y), the height h and the time t, and represents the strength of the radio signal measured at a certain time and spatial position. The signal will have different values ​​at different spatial positions and heights, reflecting the electromagnetic characteristics of the atmosphere.

[0102] is the Laplace operator, which represents the second-order partial derivative operation in space. It is used to describe the spatial variation of a scalar field (such as the intensity of a radio signal) and reflects the local rate of change of the field. For a radio signal R(x,y,h,t), the Laplace operator measures the curvature (or local inhomogeneity) of the signal intensity in space. This operation is often used in physics to represent the distribution and expansion of a field.

[0103] It is the wavelength correction factor, which reflects the correction effect of the signal wavelength on the propagation characteristics of the atmosphere. Electromagnetic waves of different wavelengths have different propagation characteristics in the atmosphere (such as attenuation, refraction, etc.). The wavelength correction factor is used to compensate for this difference to ensure an accurate description of the signal strength and atmospheric characteristics.

[0104] It is the standard atmospheric pressure, usually 1013.25hPa at sea level. Standard atmospheric pressure refers to the ideal air pressure value under standard atmospheric conditions, which is used to compare with the actual air pressure.

[0105] P is the actual air pressure, which represents the air pressure value measured in the actual atmospheric environment. Changes in air pressure will affect the propagation characteristics of radio signals, affecting the refraction and attenuation of signals. By comparing the actual air pressure with the standard atmospheric pressure, the changes in the atmosphere can be estimated.

[0106] k is the adiabatic index, also commonly known as the specific heat ratio, which represents the relationship between gas pressure and temperature during gas expansion. The size of the adiabatic index affects the expansion and compression process of the gas, thereby affecting the stability of the atmosphere. In meteorology, the adiabatic index helps describe the thermodynamic stability of the atmosphere, which in turn affects weather phenomena.

[0107] The spatial distribution characteristics and changes of the radio signal intensity R(x,y,h,t) are described. By calculating the product of the radio signal and its spatial derivative (i.e. the rate of change of the signal in space) and integrating the spatial regions x and y, the spatial variation of the signal at the height h and time t is obtained.

[0108] This part measures the spatial inhomogeneity and volatility of radio signals through the Laplace operator. The structural characteristics of the atmosphere are closely related to these inhomogeneities, especially the spatial variation of the signal (such as the occurrence of meteorological phenomena such as turbulence and convection), which helps to predict the potential of extreme weather phenomena such as hail.

[0109] This part is used to correct for air pressure and temperature. The density and air pressure of the atmosphere will affect the propagation of radio signals, so corrections are needed. By comparing the actual air pressure P with the standard air pressure , combined with the adiabatic exponent k, can correct the response of signal strength to changes in air pressure. This correction term takes into account the effect of atmospheric pressure changes on radio signals, ensuring that the calculation of radio signals more accurately reflects the true structure of the atmosphere. Specifically, the atmospheric density in high-pressure areas is different from that in low-pressure areas, and changes in air pressure will have different effects on signal propagation, thereby affecting the stability and structure of the atmosphere.

[0110] By calculating the atmospheric structure characteristic index M(h,t), we can evaluate the degree of change and stability of the atmosphere at different heights h and times t. A larger M(h,t) indicates that the atmosphere is more uneven or volatile, which may indicate the occurrence of extreme weather (such as hail, lightning, etc.).

[0111] The use of the Laplace operator reflects the local inhomogeneity of the atmosphere, especially the local changes in signal intensity, which can reveal the dynamic characteristics of the atmosphere such as turbulence and convection. This helps to identify potential areas for hail occurrence.

[0112] Air pressure and temperature have an important influence on the propagation of radio signals. By introducing the ratio between standard air pressure and actual air pressure, as well as the temperature correction factor, the calculation of signal strength can be precisely adjusted to ensure that the obtained structural characteristic index is more accurate and reliable.

[0113] This application calculates the structural characteristic index of the atmosphere at a specific height and time by combining the spatial distribution of radio signals with the physical properties of the atmosphere. This index provides a quantitative description of the stability and changes of the atmosphere and is an important tool for predicting the potential for extreme weather (such as hail). By capturing the spatial variation of signal strength through the Laplace operator and using pressure and temperature correction factors, it is ensured that the model can accurately reflect the dynamic changes in atmospheric conditions, thereby improving the accuracy of hail potential prediction.

[0114] Step S30: Calculate the hail potential index of the atmosphere based on the structural characteristic index of the atmosphere in the target area, as well as the CAPE value and relative humidity of the atmosphere.

[0115] In some embodiments, step S30 may include:

[0116] Obtaining the scale factors for adjusting the influence of various physical quantities on hail potential;

[0117] Obtaining a height weight function to adjust the effect of different heights on hail potential;

[0118] Obtain the correction coefficient of convective effective potential energy to adjust the effect of CAPE value on hail potential;

[0119] Obtaining a relative humidity influence factor for adjusting the effect of relative humidity on hail potential;

[0120] Obtaining a reference convective effective potential energy corresponding to the CAPE value;

[0121] According to the scale factor, the height weight function, the convective effective potential correction coefficient, the relative humidity influencing factor and the reference convective effective potential, the structural characteristic index, CAPE value and relative humidity of the atmosphere are processed to calculate the hail potential index of the atmosphere.

[0122] In some embodiments, the hail potential index of an atmosphere may be expressed as: in, is the hail potential index, is the scale factor, is the height weight function, is the correction factor for the effective potential energy of convection, is the effective potential energy of convection, is the reference convective effective potential energy, v is the relative humidity influence factor, is the relative humidity.

[0123] In the specific implementation, It is a hail potential index used to describe a specific time and space location. It is an indicator that quantifies the potential for hail to occur. The higher the value, the greater the possibility of hail. The calculation of hail potential takes into account multiple meteorological factors, such as the structural characteristics of the atmosphere, convective activity, relative humidity, etc.

[0124] It is a scale factor, equivalent to a proportional factor, which is used to adjust the contribution of other physical quantities to hail potential, so that the final hail potential index conforms to the actual observation data or empirical laws. Its introduction ensures the adaptability of the model in different regions and meteorological conditions.

[0125] It is the characteristic index of the atmospheric structure at a certain height h and time t (the previous formula has been introduced), which reflects the stability and heterogeneity of the atmosphere. By calculating the spatial variation of the atmospheric signal intensity, It provides information on local turbulence, convection and other dynamic processes in the atmosphere, which directly affects the assessment of hail potential.

[0126] It is a height weighting function that is used to adjust the contribution of different heights to hail potential. Atmospheric layers at different heights have different effects on the formation of hail. The height weighting function is used to assign different weights to different heights based on the changing characteristics of the atmosphere to ensure that the atmospheric influences at different levels are more accurately reflected when calculating hail potential.

[0127] It is the Convective Potential Energy (CAPE) correction factor used to adjust the contribution of CAPE to hail potential. CAPE is a measure of the potential for vertical movement of air, indicating the stability or instability of the air. The introduction of ensures that the relationship between convective effective potential energy and hail potential is reasonably quantified.

[0128] CAPE is the Convective Available Potential Energy, which measures the potential for air in the atmosphere to rise vertically. In hail forecasting, the Convective Available Potential Energy is a key parameter because larger CAPE values ​​usually represent atmospheric instability, which may lead to strong updrafts and thus trigger the formation of hail.

[0129] It is the reference convective effective potential energy, usually a standard value, used for relative comparison of CAPE. By comparing the actual CAPE with the reference value, the relative change of convective instability can be quantified.

[0130] v is the relative humidity factor, which is used to adjust the effect of relative humidity on hail potential. Relative humidity is an important factor affecting cloud formation and hail formation. High humidity may increase the intensity of clouds and promote the formation of hail, so changes in relative humidity are very important for the impact of hail potential.

[0131] Relative humidity is the ratio between the amount of water vapor in the air and the maximum amount of water vapor at that temperature. High relative humidity often means a high moisture content in the atmosphere, which is conducive to the formation and accumulation of hail. Relative humidity has an important influence on the formation and development of clouds and precipitation types (such as hail, thunderstorms, etc.).

[0132] This part is the weighted average of the structural characteristics of the atmosphere at different heights h and the height weight. The structural characteristics of the atmosphere at different heights (through The contribution of the hail potential is different, and instabilities or turbulence at certain heights may play a decisive role in the formation of hail. , different weights can be assigned to different altitudes to ensure that the contribution of each altitude layer to the final hail potential is reasonably evaluated.

[0133] This part is corrected by the CAPE factor The actual convective effective potential energy is corrected to reflect the effect of the thermodynamic stability of the atmosphere on the hail potential. CAPE is an important parameter for measuring atmospheric instability. A higher CAPE value indicates a more unstable atmosphere, which may lead to strong updrafts and the formation of hail. Correcting CAPE by μ can more accurately assess the effect of convective instability on the occurrence of hail.

[0134] This section is used to correct the effect of relative humidity on hail potential. Relative humidity RH directly affects the amount of moisture in the atmosphere, which is one of the necessary conditions for hail formation. Higher humidity (i.e. higher RH) generally means stronger cloud convection and higher precipitation potential, so RH has a direct impact on hail formation. By introducing the humidity factor v, the effect of humidity on hail potential can be quantified, making the contribution of humidity to the potential more accurate.

[0135] By comprehensively considering factors such as atmospheric structure, convective effective potential energy and relative humidity, The potential index quantifies the hail occurrence potential at a certain time and spatial location. This potential index can provide meteorologists with risk assessments on hail occurrence and help with disaster warnings.

[0136] The structural characteristics of the atmosphere are introduced into the formula and humidity correction , which can effectively evaluate the combined effects of atmospheric instability and humidity on hail potential. Changes in the altitude of the atmosphere and changes in humidity will affect the formation and intensity of hail. CAPE and the correction factor μ describe the impact of convective instability on hail potential. Higher CAPE values ​​usually indicate stronger updrafts, increasing the possibility of hail formation.

[0137] This application provides a comprehensive hail potential assessment method by combining multiple factors such as atmospheric stability, instability, humidity and convective potential. Through in-depth analysis and correction of the atmospheric structure, the potential risk of hail in different regions and at different times can be accurately predicted, thereby improving the accuracy of the early warning system and providing strong support for hail disaster prevention and emergency response.

[0138] Step S40: Analyze the influence of the wind field on the hail potential based on the hail potential index of the atmosphere in the target area, and determine the wind field velocity vector.

[0139] In some embodiments, step S40 may include:

[0140] Obtaining the dynamic coefficient of the wind field of the atmosphere in the target area to the degree of response of the atmospheric structure;

[0141] Determining a spatial gradient of the hail potential index, wherein the spatial gradient represents a rate of change of the hail potential in space;

[0142] Obtaining a time evolution factor of the wind field's temporal change rate;

[0143] Determining a time rate of change of the radio signal strength according to the radio signal strength;

[0144] Obtaining the height attenuation coefficient of the wind field at different heights;

[0145] Get the reference altitude used to define the altitude attenuation standard;

[0146] The wind field velocity vector is determined according to the dynamic coefficient, the spatial gradient of the hail potential index, the time evolution factor, the time change rate of the radio signal intensity, the height attenuation coefficient and the reference height.

[0147] In some embodiments, the wind velocity vector may be expressed as:

[0148] in, is the wind velocity vector, is the dynamic coefficient, is the time evolution factor, is the height attenuation coefficient, is the reference altitude.

[0149] In the specific implementation, It is the wind velocity vector, which indicates the wind speed and direction at a specific time and space location. Changes in the wind field are closely related to changes in hail potential, especially the wind field affects convective motion, which in turn affects the formation and intensity of hail. This parameter is used to quantify the role of risk.

[0150] is the dynamic coefficient, which indicates the degree of response of the wind field to the atmospheric structure. It affects the relationship between the wind field and the atmospheric structure (such as hail potential). In this formula, It plays a regulatory role, matching the relationship between changes in the structural characteristics of the atmosphere and wind speed. It controls the degree to which the wind field responds to the atmospheric structural gradient.

[0151] Hail Potential Index The spatial gradient reflects the spatial rate of change of hail potential. The size of the hail potential gradient directly affects the generation of the wind field, because a large potential gradient usually means that the atmosphere is more unstable and may cause strong updrafts or wind changes.

[0152] is the time evolution factor, which indicates the rate of change of the wind field over time. The evolution of the wind field is usually related to the dynamic processes of the atmosphere (such as convection, turbulence, etc.). It controls the timescales over which the wind responds to these processes. It affects the effect of the wind on the structure of the atmosphere as it changes over time, especially in fast-changing meteorological conditions where wind speed and direction can change rapidly.

[0153] It is the derivative of the radio signal intensity R(x,y,h,t) with respect to time, indicating the rate at which the signal intensity changes over time. The change of radio signals is closely related to the structure, temperature, humidity and other factors of the atmosphere. The change of signal intensity can reflect the existence of unstable areas in the atmosphere, which is crucial to the formation and change of wind fields.

[0154] is the height attenuation coefficient, which indicates the degree of wind attenuation at different heights. The strength of the wind field usually decreases with increasing height, so Used to correct for this attenuation effect. A smaller value indicates that the wind field decays faster, that is, the impact of the wind field at high levels is weaker.

[0155] It is a reference height, usually a fixed value (such as sea level or the height of a certain atmospheric layer), used to define the standard of height attenuation. It acts as a benchmark to help determine how wind intensity changes with altitude.

[0156] , which represents the relationship between wind speed and hail potential gradient. A larger hail potential gradient in the atmosphere usually means stronger instability, which may lead to drastic changes in airflow and thus changes in the wind field. The intensity and direction of the wind field are affected by atmospheric potential. The adjustment of the dynamic coefficients describes how the wind field responds to potential changes in the atmosphere, especially in areas with high hail potential.

[0157] The change of wind field is calculated by time derivative and integration. The time rate of change of radio signal intensity reflects the change of atmospheric dynamics, especially when there is strong convection or turbulence in the atmosphere, the signal change is usually more drastic. Wind field plays an important role in these changes because it affects the expansion or contraction of unstable areas in the atmosphere. By integrating the signal change, the cumulative effect of wind field can be captured. As a time evolution factor, it regulates the time scale of this effect. and This determines how the wind intensity changes with height.

[0158] Since the strength of the wind field usually decreases with increasing altitude, This attenuation process is described to ensure that the effects of the higher atmospheric layers on the wind field are not overly amplified. represents the decay rate, and This determines the starting point of the attenuation. In this way, the formula can take into account the weakening of the wind field in the upper atmosphere.

[0159] This application provides a method for calculating wind field speed by combining the spatial gradient of hail potential, the time variation of radio signals, and height attenuation. It not only takes into account the impact of hail potential on the wind field, but also integrates the time evolution and height attenuation effects to ensure the accuracy of wind field calculation. This model is of great significance for the prediction of extreme weather such as hail, especially it can predict how the wind field responds to atmospheric instability and further affects the occurrence and development of weather phenomena.

[0160] Step S50: Conduct a comprehensive risk assessment of approaching hail based on the atmospheric hail potential index, structural characteristic index and wind field velocity vector of the target area to determine a comprehensive risk index.

[0161] In some embodiments, step S50 may include:

[0162] Obtaining the wind speed impact factor indicating the impact of wind speed on the comprehensive risk;

[0163] Determining the modulus of the wind field velocity vector according to the wind field velocity vector;

[0164] Obtain the time change rate coefficient representing the time change effect of hail potential index;

[0165] Obtaining a time derivative of the hail potential, wherein the time derivative of the hail potential represents a speed of change of the potential over time;

[0166] Obtain the vertical integration weight coefficient used to adjust the impact of different atmospheric altitudes on the comprehensive risk;

[0167] The comprehensive risk index is determined based on the atmospheric hail potential index, structural characteristic index, wind field velocity vector, wind speed influence factor, modulus of the wind field velocity vector, time rate of change coefficient, time derivative of the hail potential and vertical integral weight coefficient of the target area.

[0168] In some embodiments, the comprehensive risk index may be expressed as:

[0169] in, is the comprehensive risk index, is the first weight, is the wind speed factor, is the time rate of change coefficient, is the vertical integration weight.

[0170] In the specific implementation, It is a comprehensive risk index used to quantify the risk of hail at a certain time and spatial location. It combines multiple factors such as hail potential, wind speed, time variation, wind field, etc. to assess the overall risk of hail.

[0171] is the first weight, used to adjust the weight of hail potential in the comprehensive risk calculation. , the impact of hail potential can be magnified or reduced according to actual conditions to reflect its relative importance to the overall risk.

[0172] The hail potential index indicates the potential for hail to occur at a certain time and spatial location. It quantitatively reflects the possibility of hail by considering factors such as atmospheric instability, temperature, and humidity. This parameter is a key factor in comprehensive risk calculation and directly affects the risk assessment results.

[0173] is the wind speed impact factor, which indicates the degree of impact of wind speed on the comprehensive risk. Wind speed affects the formation, movement and intensity of hail, so the greater the wind speed, the greater the contribution to hail potential and risk assessment. ρ is used to adjust the impact of wind speed on the comprehensive risk.

[0174] It is the modulus of the wind field velocity vector, that is, the magnitude of the wind speed. The magnitude of the wind speed directly affects the movement and generation of hail. Areas with higher wind speeds may lead to stronger convection, storms and hail, so the impact of wind speed cannot be ignored.

[0175] is the time rate coefficient, which indicates the effect of the hail potential index changing over time. During a hail event, the change in potential over time may have a significant impact on the risk. It is used to adjust the contribution of potential changes over time to the overall risk, especially when the potential changes rapidly, it can amplify or reduce the risk assessment results.

[0176] The hail potential index is the rate of change over time, indicating how quickly the potential changes over time. When there are unstable areas in the atmosphere, the hail potential may change rapidly, and this change will affect the probability and intensity of hail. By calculating the rate of change of the potential, the urgency of hail occurrence can be dynamically assessed.

[0177] is the vertical integration weight coefficient, which is used to adjust the contribution of different atmospheric layers to the risk assessment. Atmospheric layers at different altitudes play different roles in the development of hail, so the vertical integration weight will allocate risk assessment weights according to different altitudes. This ensures that the impacts of various altitudes in the atmosphere are reasonably reflected.

[0178] It is an index of the structural characteristics of the atmosphere. As mentioned above, it reflects the inhomogeneity and stability of the atmosphere at a certain height h and time t. The structural characteristic index is closely related to the hail potential because the structure of the atmosphere affects convective activity and thus affects the formation of hail.

[0179] It is the velocity vector of the wind field in space (x, y, h) and time t. The change of wind field is closely related to the instability of the atmosphere and the hail potential. The change of wind field intensity directly affects the formation and propagation of hail.

[0180] The hail potential index , wind speed influencing factor ρ and wind speed magnitude |V|, and the influence of potential changes over time to calculate hail risk.

[0181] It is a key factor that directly affects the risk of hail. The higher the hail potential, the greater the possibility of hail.

[0182] It indicates the impact of wind speed on hail risk. The greater the wind speed, the more hail potential will be aggravated by the wind speed, which may lead to increased expansion and intensity of hail.

[0183] It is a correction for the time change of hail potential. When the hail potential changes rapidly, the risk index will be magnified, otherwise it will be reduced, ensuring that the hail risk assessment can adapt to changes on different time scales.

[0184] Atmospheric Structure Characteristic Index and wind field velocity vector The combination of wind and atmospheric factors is vertically integrated to estimate the contribution of wind fields and interactions at different altitudes to the risk.

[0185] The structural characteristics of the atmosphere at different altitudes are described, reflecting the contribution of different altitudes to the hail potential, especially the impact of updrafts and meteorological instability on the wind field.

[0186] It is the wind field velocity vector, which is combined with the structural characteristics of the atmosphere to further assess the hail risk. By vertically integrating the atmosphere, the contribution of each height to the hail risk can be comprehensively considered.

[0187] The weight of the vertical integration is controlled to ensure that the impact of various altitudes in the atmosphere can be reasonably reflected.

[0188] The comprehensive risk index I (x, y, z, t) gives a comprehensive hail risk assessment by considering factors such as hail potential, wind speed, time change rate, atmospheric structure and wind field. This index can provide a dynamic and comprehensive assessment result to help meteorological departments assess the possibility and severity of hail. The size of wind speed and the rate of change of potential directly affect the risk assessment. In areas with high hail potential, if the wind speed is high, the formation and spread of hail may be aggravated. The change of potential over time can also reflect the urgency of hail occurrence and adjust the risk assessment in time. Different heights of the atmosphere have different effects on the formation and expansion of hail. Through vertical integration, the influence of different levels in the atmosphere can be accurately reflected, so as to obtain a more accurate risk assessment.

[0189] This application provides a comprehensive risk index I(x,y,z,t) by combining multiple factors such as hail potential, wind speed, time variation, atmospheric structure and wind field. It can accurately assess the potential for hail occurrence and provide a scientific basis for meteorological warning and disaster management. By weighting and correcting different factors, the formula can adapt to different meteorological conditions and changes, ensuring the real-time and accuracy of risk assessment.

[0190] Step S60: Based on the comprehensive risk index, the warning level of the atmospheric hail approach warning in the target area is determined and a warning message is issued.

[0191] In some embodiments, step S60 may include:

[0192] Obtain the first level threshold, the second level threshold and the third level threshold used to define different hail imminent warning risk levels;

[0193] A first change rate threshold, a second change rate threshold and a third change rate threshold used to define the effect of the time derivative of hail potential on the hail imminent warning risk level;

[0194] Based on the comparative relationship between the comprehensive risk index of the atmosphere in the target area and the first level threshold, the second level threshold and the third level threshold, and the comparative relationship between the time derivative of the hail potential and the first change rate threshold, the second change rate threshold and the third change rate threshold, the warning level of the atmospheric hail impending warning in the target area is determined and the warning information is issued.

[0195] In some embodiments, the warning level It can be expressed as:

[0196]

[0197] in, They are the first risk level threshold, the second risk level threshold and the third risk level threshold, respectively. They are respectively the first change rate threshold, the second change rate threshold and the third change rate threshold.

[0198] In specific implementation, I is the comprehensive risk index, which indicates the hail risk level at a specific time and location. It combines factors such as hail potential, wind speed, time variation, wind field, etc. to calculate the risk assessment value.

[0199] They are the first risk level threshold, the second risk level threshold and the third risk level threshold, which are used to define different risk levels:

[0200] is the low risk threshold, and values ​​below this value indicate a low risk.

[0201] is the medium risk threshold, between and In between, indicating medium risk.

[0202] is the high risk threshold, exceeding which indicates an extremely high hail risk.

[0203] These thresholds are used to distinguish different risk levels and help determine the potential danger of hail events.

[0204] They are respectively the first change rate threshold, the second change rate threshold and the third change rate threshold.

[0205] is the low rate of change threshold, below which the hail potential changes little.

[0206] is the medium rate of change threshold, indicating a medium rate of change.

[0207] is the high rate of change threshold, exceeding which indicates that the potential is changing rapidly and may indicate the approach of a hail event.

[0208] These thresholds reflect the rate of change in hail potential that affects the warning level, with faster changes generally meaning higher risk.

[0209] It is the rate at which the hail potential H changes over time, indicating the speed at which the hail potential changes. A larger time change rate usually means a rapid change in the hail potential, which may lead to an increased risk of hail occurrence.

[0210] It is the absolute value of the rate of change of hail potential, indicating the magnitude of the potential change, regardless of the direction of change. A larger change means a dramatic change in potential, indicating an increased likelihood of a hail event.

[0211] The core purpose of this formula is to calculate the hail potential change rate based on the comprehensive risk index I and hail potential change rate | ∣, the hail warning is divided into different levels. The details are as follows:

[0212] When at Level 3 (extremely high risk), the hail potential is very high and changing rapidly, indicating an extremely high risk of hail. This usually occurs when the atmosphere is very unstable and the hail potential increases dramatically, meaning that a hail event is almost inevitable and usually requires immediate emergency measures.

[0213] When it is at Level 2 (Medium Risk), it means that the hail potential is in the medium risk range and the potential changes rapidly. Although the risk is high, it has not yet reached an extreme level and still requires close attention and preparation for response.

[0214] When it is at Level 1 (low risk), it means that the hail potential is low, but its rate of change is relatively large. Although the potential is low, it changes rapidly and still needs attention. It may be a warning signal to remind you to observe whether there is a potential change.

[0215] When it is in Normal, it means that the hail potential is low and changes slowly, which is a normal situation. At this time, the possibility of hail is small, no early warning is needed, and regular monitoring can be maintained.

[0216] It can be understood that by setting different risk level thresholds and change rate thresholds, the intensity and response measures of hail warnings can be dynamically adjusted according to different situations. Such an approach helps to flexibly respond to different weather conditions and avoid excessive warnings or ignoring potential risks.

[0217] This formula not only considers the size of the hail potential, but also the rate at which the potential changes over time. The introduction of |dH / dt| can increase the sensitivity to sudden weather changes. For example, if the hail potential changes rapidly, even if the initial potential is low, a warning can be issued in time to prevent sudden extreme weather events.

[0218] Clear warning information can be provided to meteorological departments and the public by classifying them into Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3. Higher risk levels (such as Level 3) usually require rapid response and emergency response, while lower risk levels (such as Level 1) can take monitoring and observation measures.

[0219] By combining hail potential and rate of change, the system can accurately assess risk and avoid overreacting to low-risk events. This approach improves the effectiveness of the early warning system, allowing resources to be effectively focused on high-risk events that truly require attention.

[0220] This application provides a dynamic and multi-level risk assessment system by comprehensively considering the hail potential I and the hail potential change rate |dH / dt|. By setting different thresholds, the warning level can be flexibly adjusted according to the size and change rate of the potential, thereby providing more precise guidance for monitoring and emergency response of hail events. This method can effectively help meteorological departments and the public cope with hail risks of different intensities and improve disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities.

[0221] It should be noted that in the embodiment of the present application, if the above-mentioned FAST regional hail potential prediction and approaching warning method is implemented in the form of a software function module and sold or used as an independent product, it can also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on such an understanding, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application is essentially or the part that contributes to the relevant technology can be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to enable a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the methods described in each embodiment of the present application. The aforementioned storage medium includes: various media that can store program codes, such as a U disk, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a disk or an optical disk. In this way, the embodiment of the present application is not limited to any specific hardware, software or firmware, or any combination of hardware, software, and firmware.

[0222] An embodiment of the present application provides a computer system, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program that can be executed on the processor, and when the processor executes the program, some or all of the steps in the above method are implemented.

[0223] The embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, some or all of the steps in the above method are implemented. The computer-readable storage medium can be transient or non-transient.

[0224] An embodiment of the present application provides a computer program, including a computer-readable code. When the computer-readable code is run in a computer device, a processor in the computer device executes some or all of the steps for implementing the above method.

[0225] The embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product, which includes a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, and when the computer program is read and executed by a computer, some or all of the steps in the above method are implemented. The computer program product can be implemented specifically by hardware, software or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the computer program product is specifically embodied as a computer storage medium, and in other embodiments, the computer program product is specifically embodied as a software product, such as a software development kit (SDK) and the like.

[0226] It should be noted here that the description of the various embodiments above tends to emphasize the differences between the various embodiments, and the same or similar aspects can be referenced to each other. The description of the above device, storage medium, computer program and computer program product embodiments is similar to the description of the above method embodiment, and has similar beneficial effects as the method embodiment. For technical details not disclosed in the embodiments of the device, storage medium, computer program and computer program product of this application, please refer to the description of the method embodiment of this application for understanding.

[0227] Figure 2 A hardware entity diagram of a computer system provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. Figure 2 As shown, the hardware entity of the computer system 1000 includes: a processor 1001 and a memory 1002, wherein the memory 1002 stores a computer program that can be run on the processor 1001, and the processor 1001 implements the steps in the method of any of the above embodiments when executing the program.

[0228] The memory 1002 stores computer programs that can be run on the processor. The memory 1002 is configured to store instructions and applications executable by the processor 1001. It can also cache data to be processed or processed by the processor 1001 and various modules in the computer system 1000 (for example, image data, audio data, voice communication data, and video communication data). This can be achieved through flash memory (FLASH) or random access memory (Random Access Memory, RAM).

[0229] When the processor 1001 executes the program, the steps of any of the above-mentioned FAST regional hail potential prediction and imminent warning methods are implemented. The processor 1001 generally controls the overall operation of the computer system 1000.

[0230] An embodiment of the present application provides a computer storage medium, which stores one or more programs. The one or more programs can be executed by one or more processors to implement the steps of the FAST regional hail potential prediction and imminent warning method as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0231] It should be noted here that the description of the above storage medium and device embodiments is similar to the description of the above method embodiments, and has similar beneficial effects as the method embodiments. For the technical details not disclosed in the storage medium and device embodiments of the present application, please refer to the description of the method embodiments of the present application for understanding. The above processor can be at least one of a target application integrated circuit (Application Specific Integrated Circuit, ASIC), a digital signal processor (Digital Signal Processor, DSP), a digital signal processing device (Digital Signal Processing Device, DSPD), a programmable logic device (Programmable Logic Device, PLD), a field programmable gate array (Field Programmable Gate Array, FPGA), a central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU), a controller, a microcontroller, and a microprocessor. It can be understood that the electronic device that realizes the above processor function can also be other, and the embodiments of the present application are not specifically limited.

[0232] The above-mentioned computer storage medium / memory can be a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a magnetic random access memory (FRAM), a flash memory (Flash Memory), a magnetic surface memory, an optical disk, or a compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) and the like; it can also be various terminals including one or any combination of the above-mentioned memories, such as mobile phones, computers, tablet devices, personal digital assistants, etc.

[0233] It should be understood that the "one embodiment" or "one embodiment" mentioned throughout the specification means that the specific features, structures or characteristics related to the embodiment are included in at least one embodiment of the present application. Therefore, "in one embodiment" or "in one embodiment" appearing in various places throughout the specification may not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. In addition, these specific features, structures or characteristics can be combined in one or more embodiments in any suitable manner. It should be understood that in various embodiments of the present application, the size of the sequence number of each step / process mentioned above does not mean the order of execution, and the execution order of each step / process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiment of the present application. The above-mentioned sequence number of the embodiment of the present application is only for description and does not represent the advantages and disadvantages of the embodiment. It should be noted that, in this article, the term "include", "comprise" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that the process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes other elements that are not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. Without more constraints, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a..." does not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or apparatus comprising the element.

[0234] In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. The device embodiments described above are only schematic. For example, the division of the units is only a logical function division. There may be other division methods in actual implementation, such as: multiple units or components can be combined, or can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. In addition, the coupling, direct coupling, or communication connection between the components shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection of the devices or units can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0235] The units described above as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units; they may be located in one place or distributed on multiple network units; some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the present embodiment.

[0236] In addition, all functional units in the embodiments of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may be a separate unit, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit; the above-mentioned integrated units may be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of hardware plus software functional units.

[0237] A person skilled in the art can understand that all or part of the steps of implementing the above method embodiment can be completed by hardware related to program instructions, and the aforementioned program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When the program is executed, it executes the steps of the above method embodiment; and the aforementioned storage medium includes: mobile storage devices, read-only memories (ROM), magnetic disks or optical disks, etc., various media that can store program codes.

[0238] Alternatively, if the above-mentioned integrated unit of the present application is implemented in the form of a software function module and sold or used as an independent product, it can also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present application can essentially or in other words, the part that contributes to the relevant technology can be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes a number of instructions for a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the methods described in each embodiment of the present application. The aforementioned storage medium includes: various media that can store program codes, such as mobile storage devices, ROMs, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0239] The above is only an implementation method of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for FAST regional hail potential prediction and imminent warning, characterized in that: include: Collecting the distribution data of the radio signal strength in the atmosphere of the target area includes: obtaining the horizontal coordinate, the vertical coordinate and the vertical coordinate in the space of the target area, and the time corresponding to each data, and constructing the spatial coordinate system of the distribution data; obtaining the atmospheric attenuation coefficient indicating the attenuation degree of the atmosphere on the radio signal, the height attenuation factor indicating the attenuation degree of the radio signal strength with increasing height, and the height of each signal collection point relative to the ground; obtaining the reference signal strength of the radio signal, and the strength of each harmonic component of the radio signal; obtaining the angular frequency and phase of each harmonic component; obtaining the temperature correction coefficient affected by the temperature change on the radio signal strength, and the temperature change amount of the difference between the current temperature and the reference temperature; determining the distribution data of the radio signal strength in the atmosphere of the target area according to the height, the atmospheric attenuation coefficient, the height attenuation factor, the reference signal strength of the radio signal, the strength, angular frequency and phase of each harmonic component, the temperature correction coefficient and the temperature change amount; the distribution data of the radio signal strength in the atmosphere of the target area is expressed as: Where R is the radio signal intensity, x, y, z are the horizontal, vertical and vertical coordinates in space respectively, and t is the time. is the atmospheric attenuation coefficient, is the height attenuation factor, h is the height, is the baseline signal strength, is the intensity of the ith harmonic component, is the angular frequency, is the phase, is the temperature correction factor, is the temperature change, is the reference temperature; Based on the distribution data of the radio signal intensity, extracting the structural characteristic index of the atmosphere in the target area, including: obtaining a wavelength correction factor representing the correction effect of the wavelength of the radio signal on the propagation characteristics of the atmosphere; obtaining an adiabatic index representing the relationship between the gas pressure and the temperature of the atmosphere in the target area during the gas expansion process; obtaining the actual air pressure of the atmosphere in the target area; extracting the structural characteristic index of the atmosphere in the target area according to the distribution data of the radio signal intensity, the Laplace operator, the standard atmospheric pressure, the actual air pressure, the wavelength correction factor and the adiabatic index; the structural characteristic index of the atmosphere in the target area is expressed as: in, is an index of the structural characteristics of the atmosphere, is the Laplace operator, is the wavelength correction factor, is the standard atmospheric pressure, P is the actual air pressure, k is the adiabatic index, is the distribution data of the radio signal strength; Based on the structural characteristic index of the atmosphere in the target area, and the CAPE value and relative humidity of the atmosphere, the hail potential index of the atmosphere is calculated, including: obtaining a scale factor for adjusting the influence of various physical quantities on the hail potential; obtaining a height weight function for adjusting the influence of different heights on the hail potential; obtaining a convective effective potential correction coefficient for adjusting the influence of the CAPE value on the hail potential; obtaining a relative humidity influence factor for adjusting the influence of relative humidity on the hail potential; obtaining a reference convective effective potential corresponding to the CAPE value; and processing the structural characteristic index, CAPE value and relative humidity of the atmosphere according to the scale factor, the height weight function, the convective effective potential correction coefficient, the relative humidity influence factor and the reference convective effective potential to calculate the hail potential index of the atmosphere, wherein the hail potential index of the atmosphere is expressed as: in, is the hail potential index, is the scale factor, is the height weight function, is the correction factor for the effective potential energy of convection, is the effective potential energy of convection, is the reference convective effective potential energy, v is the relative humidity influence factor, is the relative humidity; Analyzing the influence of the wind field on the hail potential based on the hail potential index of the atmosphere in the target area, and determining the wind field velocity vector; Conducting a comprehensive risk assessment of approaching hail based on the atmospheric hail potential index, structural characteristic index and wind field velocity vector of the target area, and determining a comprehensive risk index; Based on the comprehensive risk index, the warning level of the atmospheric hail impending warning in the target area is determined and a warning message is issued.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The method of analyzing the influence of the wind field on the hail potential based on the hail potential index of the atmosphere in the target area and determining the wind field velocity vector comprises: Obtaining the dynamic coefficient of the wind field of the atmosphere in the target area to the degree of response of the atmospheric structure; Determining a spatial gradient of the hail potential index, wherein the spatial gradient represents a rate of change of the hail potential in space; Obtaining a time evolution factor of the wind field's temporal change rate; Determining a time rate of change of the radio signal strength according to the radio signal strength; Obtaining the height attenuation coefficient of the wind field at different heights; Get the reference altitude used to define the altitude attenuation standard; The wind field velocity vector is determined according to the dynamic coefficient, the spatial gradient of the hail potential index, the time evolution factor, the time change rate of the radio signal intensity, the height attenuation coefficient and the reference height.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The method of conducting a comprehensive risk assessment on the approach of hail based on the atmospheric hail potential index, structural characteristic index and wind field velocity vector of the target area to determine the comprehensive risk index includes: Obtaining the wind speed impact factor indicating the impact of wind speed on the comprehensive risk; Determining the modulus of the wind field velocity vector according to the wind field velocity vector; Obtain the time change rate coefficient representing the time change effect of hail potential index; Obtaining a time derivative of the hail potential, wherein the time derivative of the hail potential represents a speed of change of the potential over time; Obtain the vertical integration weight coefficient used to adjust the impact of different atmospheric altitudes on the comprehensive risk; The comprehensive risk index is determined based on the atmospheric hail potential index, structural characteristic index, wind field velocity vector, wind speed influence factor, modulus of the wind field velocity vector, time rate of change coefficient, time derivative of the hail potential and vertical integral weight coefficient of the target area.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The step of determining the warning level of the atmospheric hail approach warning in the target area based on the comprehensive risk index and issuing warning information includes: Obtain the first level threshold, the second level threshold and the third level threshold used to define different hail imminent warning risk levels; A first change rate threshold, a second change rate threshold and a third change rate threshold used to define the effect of the time derivative of hail potential on the hail imminent warning risk level; Based on the comparative relationship between the comprehensive risk index of the atmosphere in the target area and the first level threshold, the second level threshold and the third level threshold, and the comparative relationship between the time derivative of the hail potential and the first change rate threshold, the second change rate threshold and the third change rate threshold, the warning level of the atmospheric hail impending warning in the target area is determined and the warning information is issued.

5. A computer system comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program executable on the processor, wherein: When the processor executes the program, the steps in the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 are implemented.

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