High-power motive lead-acid battery and its manufacturing method

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of power lead-acid batteries, and particularly relates to a high-power power lead-acid battery and a manufacturing method thereof. The high-power power lead-acid battery described in the present invention includes a positive electrode group composed of n positive grid plates, a negative electrode group composed of n + 1 negative grid plates, a positive electrode post and a negative electrode post. The positive grid plates and the negative grid plates are arranged vertically and alternately, with the outermost being a negative grid plate, where n ≥ 2. The present invention can improve the utilization rate of active materials, increase the specific energy, avoid short circuit caused by lead fluff, effectively reduce the manufacturing cost and ensure the battery performance. The present invention also provides a manufacturing method thereof.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of power lead-acid batteries, and particularly relates to a high-power power lead-acid battery and a manufacturing method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Lead-acid batteries have the advantages of mature manufacturing process, good low-temperature performance, high safety, etc., but have the disadvantage of low specific energy.

[0003] The utilization rates of the plates at different positions inside a lead-acid battery vary greatly. The utilization rate of the plate in the middle position is the highest, and the utilization rate gradually decreases from the middle to both sides. Usually, a tubular lead-acid battery adopts a single-plate ear, with the same design for the positive plates and the same design for the negative plates; this design results in excessive surplus of the active material in the plates at both sides and near both sides, and low specific energy.

[0004] In addition, lead-acid batteries also have the problem that the lead fluff generated during the charging process is likely to accumulate at the bottom of the positive plate ear, causing a short circuit and premature termination of the life. Therefore, there is still room for improvement in the high-rate discharge time. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a high-power power lead-acid battery, which can improve the utilization rate of the active material, increase the specific energy, avoid lead fluff short circuit, effectively reduce the manufacturing cost and ensure the battery performance. The present invention also provides a manufacturing method thereof.

[0006] The high-power power lead-acid battery described in the present invention includes a positive electrode group composed of n positive grid plates, a negative electrode group composed of n + 1 negative grid plates, a positive electrode post and a negative electrode post. The positive grid plates and the negative grid plates are arranged vertically and alternately, with the outermost being a negative grid plate, and n≥2;

[0007] The positive grid plate includes a positive plate grid, the positive plate grid is die-cast from a low-antimony five-element alloy, the positive plate grid is of a row-tube structure, a row tube is sleeved outside the positive plate grid, and positive lead paste is filled in the row tube; a first positive plate ear and a second positive plate ear are arranged on the positive plate grid, both the first positive plate ear and the second positive plate ear are located on the same side of the center line of the positive plate grid, the first positive plate ear is close to the center line, and the second positive plate ear is far from the center line; the positive plate grid includes a thick positive plate grid, a medium positive plate grid and a thin positive plate grid, the thickness of the thick positive plate grid is 6-7 mm; the thickness of the medium positive plate grid is 5-6 mm; the thickness of the thin positive plate grid is 4-5 mm; the thickness of the thick positive plate grid > the thickness of the medium positive plate grid > the thickness of the thin positive plate grid; the inner diameters of the row tubes are all equal to the differences in thickness between the thick positive plate grid, the medium positive plate grid and the thin positive plate grid;

[0008] The negative unformed plate includes a negative grid. The negative grid is gravity cast from lead-antimony alloy. The negative grid is of a plate structure. There are a first negative plate lug and a second negative plate lug on the negative grid. Both the first negative plate lug and the second negative plate lug are located on the same side of the center line of the negative grid. The first negative plate lug is close to the center line, and the second negative plate lug is far from the center line. The outside of the negative grid is coated with negative active material paste. The negative grid includes a thick negative grid, a medium negative grid, and a thin negative grid. The thickness of the thick negative grid is 3.5 - 4.5 mm. The thickness of the medium negative grid is 2.5 - 3.5 mm. The thickness of the thin negative grid is 2.0 - 2.5 mm. The thickness of the thick negative grid > the thickness of the medium negative grid > the thickness of the thin negative grid. The differences between the thickness of the negative unformed plate and the thicknesses of the thick negative grid, the medium negative grid, and the thin negative grid are all equal.

[0009] In the positive plate group, the positive unformed plates are arranged according to the thickness of the positive grid. The thick positive grid is in the middle. On both sides of the thick positive grid are medium positive grids, and on the outside of the medium positive grids are thin positive grids. The positive terminal is located between the first positive plate lug and the second positive plate lug. The positive unformed plates are sleeved with separators.

[0010] In the negative plate group, the negative unformed plates are arranged according to the thickness of the negative grid. The thick negative grid is in the middle. On both sides of the thick negative grid are medium negative grids, and on the outside of the medium negative grids are thin negative grids. The negative terminal is located between the first negative plate lug and the second negative plate lug.

[0011] Preferably, the width of the first positive plate lug and the first negative plate lug is 15 mm, and the width of the second positive plate lug and the second negative plate lug is 10 mm.

[0012] Preferably, there is a frame on the outside of the negative grid, and the thickness of the negative grid is 105% - 161% of the thickness of the frame.

[0013] Preferably, the thickness of the negative unformed plate is 106% - 115% of the thickness of the negative grid.

[0014] Preferably, the separator is semi-closed, and the separator has openings at the bottom of the positive unformed plate and at the corresponding positions of the first positive plate lug and the second positive plate lug.

[0015] The manufacturing method of the high-power power-type lead-acid battery described in the present invention includes the following steps:

[0016] (1) Prepare the positive unformed plate: Adopt the wet filling method. Use a pressure pump to fill the positive active material paste into the positive grid row tubes until they are full. After curing and drying, the positive unformed plate is obtained. The dried positive unformed plate is sleeved with a separator. The separator is semi-closed and has openings at the bottom and at the positions of the first positive plate lug and the second positive plate lug.

[0017] (2) Prepare the negative unformed plate: Adopt the paste coating method. Apply the negative active material paste to the negative grid, and then carry out curing and drying to obtain the negative unformed plate.

[0018] (3) Prepare the positive electrode group and the negative electrode group: The positive electrode group and the negative electrode group are combined together according to the rule of alternating positive starting plates and negative starting plates, and then welded with lead-antimony alloy; the positive electrode post is arranged between the first positive electrode tab and the second positive electrode tab, and the negative electrode post is arranged between the first negative electrode tab and the second negative electrode tab;

[0019] (4) Prepare the power-type lead-acid battery: Put the positive electrode group and the negative electrode group into the battery case, heat-seal the battery case cover by hot melting, press in the sealing ring, cover the liquid injection cover, and charge by means of acid circulation formation to obtain the power-type lead-acid battery.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0021] 1. The lead consumption is lower, effectively reducing the battery weight; the amount of active material is reasonably designed according to different utilization rates; the specific energy is improved, the vehicle load is reduced, the operation time of the vehicle is increased; the cost is reduced, and the product competitiveness is enhanced. While reducing the weight, the battery performance is ensured, and the initial capacity is not lower than that of the conventional battery;

[0022] 2. There are double tabs on both the positive and negative electrodes. The positive and negative electrode posts are respectively located in the middle positions of their respective double tabs. The negative lead paste wraps the lead bars. These designs make the plate conduction more balanced, the battery formation charging temperature rise is low, the internal resistance is small, the utilization rate of the active material at the far end of the single tab is improved, and the high-rate discharge performance of the battery is improved. The conventional design is a single tab, which undertakes the discharge current of all the active material; in the present invention, it is a double tab. The tab close to the center line undertakes 2 / 3 of the discharge current of the active material, and the tab far from the center line undertakes 1 / 3 of the discharge current of the active material. The single-tab design results in low utilization rate of the active material at both sides of the far end, and the double-tab design effectively improves the utilization rate of the active material at the far end, which is one of the reasons for improving the specific energy; different from the prior art, the thickness of the negative grid in the present invention is greater than the thickness of the frame, increasing the contact area between the negative active material and sulfuric acid, which helps to improve the high-rate discharge performance.

[0023] 3. In the prior art, the separator generally wraps the negative starting plate, and the disadvantage is that it is easy to cause lead wool short circuit (during the charge and discharge process, the generated lead wool will accumulate near the positive electrode tab, and short circuit will occur after accumulating to a certain extent). In the present invention, the positive electrode tab and the upper part are wrapped as much as possible, preventing the occurrence of lead wool short circuit and greatly reducing the short circuit risk. Description of the Drawings

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the positive grid structure;

[0025] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the negative grid structure;

[0026] Figure 3 It is a left view structure diagram of the negative grid;

[0027] Figure 4It is a schematic diagram of the negative plate structure;

[0028] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the negative plate group structure;

[0029] In the figure, 1 is the first positive plate lug; 2 is the second positive plate lug; 3 is the row pipe; 4 is the frame; 5 is the first negative plate lug; 6 is the second negative plate lug; 7 is the negative terminal. Specific implementation mode

[0030] Next, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments.

[0031] All raw materials used in the embodiments are commercially available unless otherwise specified.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] The manufacturing method of the high-power power-type lead-acid battery (battery model 8DB440) described above includes the following steps:

[0034] (1) Prepare the positive plate: Adopt the wet filling method, use a pressure pump to fill the positive lead paste into the positive grid row pipe until it is full, and after curing and drying, obtain the positive plate.

[0035] The positive grid is made by die-casting a low-antimony five-element alloy. As Figure 1 shown, the positive grid is provided with the first positive plate lug and the second positive plate lug. The width of the second positive plate lug is 10 mm, and the width of the first positive plate lug is 15 mm; both the first positive plate lug and the second positive plate lug are located on the same side of the center line of the positive grid. The first positive plate lug is close to the center line, and the second positive plate lug is far from the center line; the positive grid includes 4 thick positive grids with a thickness of 6.0 mm (the inner diameter of the row pipe of the obtained positive plate is 8.0 mm), 2 medium positive grids with a thickness of 5.0 mm (the inner diameter of the row pipe of the obtained positive plate is 7.0 mm), and 2 thin positive grids with a thickness of 4.0 mm (the inner diameter of the row pipe of the obtained positive plate is 6.0 mm);

[0036] The dried positive plate is sleeved with a separator. The separator is semi-closed, with openings at the bottom and at the first positive plate lug and the second positive plate lug, and the separator surrounds up to the upper edges of the first positive plate lug and the second positive plate lug;

[0037] (2) Prepare the negative plate: Adopt the paste coating method, apply the negative lead paste to the negative grid, and then carry out curing and drying to obtain the negative plate.

[0038] The negative grid is made by gravity casting a lead-antimony alloy. As Figure 2 、 Figure 4As shown, the negative grid is of a plate structure. There are a first negative plate lug and a second negative plate lug on the negative grid. The width of the second negative plate lug is 10 mm, and the width of the first negative plate lug is 15 mm. Both the first negative plate lug and the second negative plate lug are located on the same side of the center line of the negative grid. The first negative plate lug is close to the center line, and the second negative plate lug is far from the center line. The outside of the negative grid is coated with negative paste; the negative grid includes 3 thick negative grids with a thickness of 3.5 mm (the resulting thickness of the negative green plate is 3.8 mm), 4 medium negative grids with a thickness of 2.5 mm (the resulting thickness of the negative green plate is 2.8 mm), and 2 thin negative grids with a thickness of 2.0 mm (the resulting thickness of the negative green plate is 2.3 mm);

[0039] As Figure 2 、 Figure 3 shown, there is a frame on the outside of the negative grid. The frame thickness of the thick negative grid is 3.2 mm, the frame thickness of the medium negative grid is 2.3 mm, and the frame thickness of the thin negative grid is 1.9 mm.

[0040] (3)Prepare the positive plate group and the negative plate group: The positive plate group and the negative plate group are combined together according to the rule of alternating positive green plates and negative green plates, and then welded firmly with lead - antimony alloy; the positive terminal is located in the middle of the first positive plate lug and the second positive plate lug. As Figure 5 shown, the negative terminal is located in the middle of the first negative plate lug and the second negative plate lug;

[0041] Specific arrangement of the positive green plates: The positive green plates made of 4 thick positive grids are in the middle, and on both sides, from the inside to the outside, there is 1 positive green plate made of a medium positive grid and 1 positive green plate made of a thin positive grid in turn;

[0042] Specific arrangement of the negative green plates: The negative green plates made of 3 thick negative grids are in the middle, and on both sides, from the inside to the outside, there are 2 negative green plates made of medium negative grids and 1 negative green plate made of a thin negative grid in turn;

[0043] (4)Prepare the power - type lead - acid battery: Put the positive plate group and the negative plate group into the battery case, heat - melt and seal the battery case cover, press in the sealing ring, cover the liquid - injection cover, and charge by means of acid - circulation formation to obtain the power - type lead - acid battery.

[0044] After testing, the power - type lead - acid battery prepared in Example 1 weighs 25.31 kg, the initial capacity of the battery is at most 105.5%, the high - rate discharge performance is 36.5 min, the cycle durability is ≥1200 times, and the termination reason is the shedding of the positive active material. The battery performance meets the national standard requirements.

[0045] Example 2

[0046] The manufacturing method of the high - power power - type lead - acid battery (battery model 8DB440) described includes the following steps:

[0047] (1)Preparation of positive green plates: Using the wet filling method, a pressure pump is used to fill the positive lead paste into the positive grid row tubes until they are full. After curing and drying, positive green plates are obtained;

[0048] The positive grid is made by die-casting a low-antimony five-element alloy. As Figure 1 shown, there are a first positive plate lug and a second positive plate lug on the positive grid. The width of the second positive plate lug is 10 mm, and the width of the first positive plate lug is 15 mm; both the first positive plate lug and the second positive plate lug are located on the same side of the center line of the positive grid. The first positive plate lug is close to the center line, and the second positive plate lug is far from the center line; the positive grid includes 4 thick positive grids with a thickness of 7.0 mm (the inner diameter of the obtained positive green plate row tube is 9.0 mm), 2 medium positive grids with a thickness of 6.0 mm (the inner diameter of the obtained positive green plate row tube is 8.0 mm), and 2 thin positive grids with a thickness of 5.0 mm (the inner diameter of the obtained positive green plate row tube is 7.0 mm);

[0049] The dried positive green plates are sleeved with separators. The separators are semi-closed, with openings at the bottom, the first positive plate lug, and the second positive plate lug. The separators surround the upper edges of the first positive plate lug and the second positive plate lug;

[0050] (2)Preparation of negative green plates: Using the paste coating method, the negative lead paste is coated onto the negative grid, and then cured and dried to obtain negative green plates;

[0051] The negative grid is made by gravity casting a lead-antimony alloy. As Figure 2 、 Figure 4 shown, the negative grid is of a plate structure. There are a first negative plate lug and a second negative plate lug on the negative grid. The width of the second negative plate lug is 10 mm, and the width of the first negative plate lug is 15 mm. Both the first negative plate lug and the second negative plate lug are located on the same side of the center line of the negative grid. The first negative plate lug is close to the center line, and the second negative plate lug is far from the center line. The outside of the negative grid is coated with negative lead paste; the negative grid includes 3 thick negative grids with a thickness of 4.5 mm (the thickness of the obtained negative green plate is 4.8 mm), 4 medium negative grids with a thickness of 3.5 mm (the thickness of the obtained negative green plate is 3.8 mm), and 2 thin negative grids with a thickness of 2.5 mm (the thickness of the obtained negative green plate is 2.8 mm);

[0052] As Figure 2 、 Figure 3 shown, there is a frame on the outside of the negative grid. The frame thickness of the thick negative grid is 2.8 mm, the frame thickness of the medium negative grid is 2.2 mm, and the frame thickness of the thin negative grid is 1.6 mm.

[0053] (3)Preparation of positive and negative groups: The positive and negative groups are combined together according to the rule of alternating placement of positive and negative green plates, and then welded firmly with a lead-antimony alloy; the positive post is located in the middle of the first positive plate lug and the second positive plate lug. As Figure 5As shown, the negative electrode post is disposed between the first negative plate lug and the second negative plate lug;

[0054] Specific arrangement of the positive active plates: Four positive active plates made of thick positive grids are in the middle, and on both sides, from the inside to the outside, are one positive active plate made of medium positive grids and one positive active plate made of thin positive grids in sequence;

[0055] Specific arrangement of the negative active plates: Three negative active plates made of thick negative grids are in the middle, and on both sides, from the inside to the outside, are two negative active plates made of medium negative grids and one negative active plate made of thin negative grids in sequence;

[0056] (4) Preparation of the power-type lead-acid battery: The positive electrode group and the negative electrode group are put into the cell, the cell cover is heat-melt sealed, the sealing ring is pressed in, the liquid injection cover is covered, and it is charged by the acid circulation forming method to obtain the power-type lead-acid battery.

[0057] After testing, the power-type lead-acid battery prepared in Example 2 weighs 25.78 kg, the initial capacity of the battery is up to 107.5% at most, the high-rate discharge performance is 38 min, the cycle durability is ≥1350 times, and the termination reason is the shedding of the positive active material. The battery performance meets the national standard requirements.

[0058] Comparative Example 1

[0059] The manufacturing method of the lead-acid battery (battery model 8DB440) described in this Comparative Example 1 includes the following steps:

[0060] (1) Preparation of the positive active plates: By using the wet filling method, the positive lead paste is filled into the positive grid row tubes by a pressure pump until full, and after curing and drying treatments, the positive active plates are obtained;

[0061] The positive grids are die-cast from a low-antimony five-element alloy, with a single plate lug design and a plate lug width of 25 mm; there are 8 positive grids with a thickness of 7.0 mm (the thickness of the obtained positive active plates is 9.0 mm);

[0062] (2) Preparation of the negative active plates: By using the paste coating method, the negative lead paste is coated onto the negative grids, and then it is horizontally placed for curing and drying to obtain the negative active plates;

[0063] The negative grids are gravity-cast from a lead-antimony alloy, with a single plate lug design and a plate lug width of 25 mm; there are 9 negative grids with a thickness of 4.5 mm (the thickness of the obtained negative active plates is 4.8 mm); a border is provided on the outside of the negative grids, and the border thickness is 4.5 mm.

[0064] The dried negative active plates are sleeved with separators. The separators are semi-closed and completely open at the upper part;

[0065] (3) Prepare the positive plate group and the negative plate group: The positive plate group and the negative plate group are combined together according to the rule of alternating positive starting plates and negative starting plates, and then welded firmly with lead-antimony alloy; the positive terminal is arranged above the positive plate lug, and the negative terminal is arranged above the negative plate lug;

[0066] (4) Prepare the power-type lead-acid battery: Put the positive plate group and the negative plate group into the battery case, heat-seal the battery case cover by hot melting, press in the sealing ring, cover the liquid injection cover, and charge by the method of acid circulation formation to obtain the power-type lead-acid battery.

[0067] After testing, the power-type lead-acid battery prepared in this Comparative Example 1 weighs 26.3 kg, the initial capacity of the battery is up to 105% at most, the high-rate discharge performance is 33 minutes, the cycle durability is ≥1050 times, and the battery performance meets the national standard requirements. However, compared with the Example, the initial capacity of the battery in this Comparative Example 1 is equivalent (higher weight, lower specific energy), and the performance such as the high-rate discharge time and the cycle durability is poor. The termination reason is short circuit caused by lead fluff accumulation.

Claims

1. A high-power motive lead-acid battery, characterized in that, It includes a positive plate group composed of n positive formed plates, a negative plate group composed of n + 1 negative formed plates, a positive terminal post and a negative terminal post. The positive formed plates and the negative formed plates are arranged vertically and alternately, with the outermost being a negative formed plate, where n ≥ 2; The positive formed plate includes a positive grid. The positive grid is die-cast from a low-antimony five-element alloy. The positive grid is of a pipe-arrangement structure. A pipe is sleeved outside the positive grid, and the pipe is filled with positive paste; there are a first positive plate lug and a second positive plate lug on the positive grid. Both the first positive plate lug and the second positive plate lug are located on the same side of the center line of the positive grid. The first positive plate lug is close to the center line, and the second positive plate lug is far from the center line; the positive grid includes a thick positive grid, a medium positive grid and a thin positive grid. The thickness of the thick positive grid is 6 - 7 mm; the thickness of the medium positive grid is 5 - 6 mm; the thickness of the thin positive grid is 4 - 5 mm; the thickness of the thick positive grid > the thickness of the medium positive grid > the thickness of the thin positive grid; the inner diameter of the pipe is equal to the difference in thickness between the thick positive grid, the medium positive grid and the thin positive grid respectively; The negative formed plate includes a negative grid. The negative grid is gravity-cast from a lead-antimony alloy. The negative grid is of a plate structure. There are a first negative plate lug and a second negative plate lug on the negative grid. Both the first negative plate lug and the second negative plate lug are located on the same side of the center line of the negative grid. The first negative plate lug is close to the center line, and the second negative plate lug is far from the center line. The outside of the negative grid is coated with negative paste; the negative grid includes a thick negative grid, a medium negative grid and a thin negative grid; the thickness of the thick negative grid is 3.5 - 4.5 mm; the thickness of the medium negative grid is 2.5 - 3.5 mm; the thickness of the thin negative grid is 2.0 - 2.5 mm; the thickness of the thick negative grid > the thickness of the medium negative grid > the thickness of the thin negative grid; the difference in thickness between the negative formed plate and the thick negative grid, the medium negative grid and the thin negative grid respectively is equal; In the positive plate group, the positive formed plates are arranged according to the thickness of the positive grid. The thick positive grid is in the middle, the medium positive grids are on both sides of the thick positive grid, and the thin positive grids are on the outside of the medium positive grids; the positive terminal post is located between the first positive plate lug and the second positive plate lug; a separator is sleeved on the positive formed plate; In the negative plate group, the negative formed plates are arranged according to the thickness of the negative grid. The thick negative grid is in the middle, the medium negative grids are on both sides of the thick negative grid, and the thin negative grids are on the outside of the medium negative grids; the negative terminal post is located between the first negative plate lug and the second negative plate lug; There is a frame outside the negative grid, and the thickness of the negative grid is 105% - 161% of the thickness of the frame; The separator is semi-closed, and the separator has openings at the bottom of the positive formed plate and at the corresponding positions of the first positive plate lug and the second positive plate lug.

2. The high-power motive lead-acid battery according to claim 1, characterized in that The width of the first positive plate lug and the first negative plate lug is 15 mm, and the width of the second positive plate lug and the second negative plate lug is 10 mm.

3. The high-power power-type lead-acid battery according to claim 1, wherein The thickness of the negative formed plate is 106% - 115% of the thickness of the negative grid.

4. A manufacturing method of the high-power power-type lead-acid battery according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: (1) Prepare the positive formed plate: Adopt the wet filling method. Use a pressure pump to fill the positive paste into the pipes of the positive grid until it is full. After curing and drying, the positive formed plate is obtained; the dried positive formed plate is sleeved with a separator. The separator is semi-closed and has openings at the bottom and at the first positive plate lug and the second positive plate lug; (2) Prepare the negative formed plate: Adopt the paste coating method. Apply the negative paste to the negative grid, and then carry out curing and drying to obtain the negative formed plate; (3) Prepare the positive electrode group and the negative electrode group: The positive electrode group and the negative electrode group are combined together according to the rule of alternating placement of positive starting plates and negative starting plates, and then welded with lead-antimony alloy; the positive electrode post is arranged between the positive electrode plate lug one and the positive electrode plate lug two, and the negative electrode post is arranged between the negative electrode plate lug one and the negative electrode plate lug two; (4) Prepare the power-type lead-acid battery: Put the positive electrode group and the negative electrode group into the battery case, heat-seal the battery case cover by hot melting, press in the sealing ring, cover the liquid injection cover, and charge by means of acid circulation formation to obtain the power-type lead-acid battery.

Images