A w-band isolated three-way waveguide power divider-combiner

Abstract

The application relates to a w-waveband isolated three-way waveguide power division combiner, which comprises an equal-division E-plane magic T, a branch bridge one, a branch bridge two and a combining E-plane magic T; a first equal-division magic T branch and a second equal-division magic T branch are arranged on the two sides of the equal-division E-plane magic T, a first combining magic T branch and a second combining magic T branch are arranged on the two sides of the combining E-plane magic T, the first equal-division magic T branch and the first combining magic T branch are connected with the branch bridge one, and the second equal-division magic T branch and the second combining magic T branch are connected with the branch bridge two. The application utilizes the flexibility of unequal-division branch bridge power distribution and the combination mode of waveguide magic T to realize flexible power distribution and high isolation of branch ports, effectively solves the matching problem between the w-waveband odd-numbered road combiner and devices, can realize the stability of input and output ports under the mismatching condition, and ensures the stability and reliability of the odd-numbered road combination mode.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of radio frequency microwave technology, and in particular to a w-band isolated three-way waveguide power divider-combiner. BACKGROUND

[0002] Power amplifiers are widely used in the fields of wireless communication, instruments and meters, electronic countermeasures, etc. due to their small size, light weight and high reliability. However, the output power of a single power amplifier module is limited, which is difficult to meet the power requirement of the whole system. Therefore, power synthesis must be used to combine the power of multiple power amplifiers to increase the output power of the power amplifier.

[0003] Common microwave power synthesis techniques are generally binary synthesis and radial power synthesis. Binary power synthesis is usually synthesized in 2 n (n=1, 2, 3,...) i.e. 2, 4, 8, 16,... ways, which is limited in the number of synthesis ways, which may result in insufficient synthesized power or power waste. The number of radial synthesis ways is more flexible, but generally requires more ways to achieve better results, and the ports of each branch cannot be completely matched. Traditional three-way or other odd-way synthesizers use a three-port T-type power divider inversely to synthesize, but according to the scattering matrix of the T-type power division network, any three-port network cannot simultaneously satisfy non-loss, reciprocity, and complete matching of all ports. The waveguide or microstrip synthesizer composed of the traditional three-port T-type network satisfies the conditions of non-loss and reciprocity, but according to the scattering matrix of the three-port network, the synthesizer composed of such a T-type network cannot simultaneously match all ports. If a lossy element such as a resistor is introduced, although matching can be achieved, the structure will be more complex or cannot withstand high power, so it cannot be used for power synthesis. Therefore, in the case of poor standing wave in the w-band device, using such a T-type network to combine the synthesizer for power synthesis will cause amplitude and phase imbalance at the port, thereby affecting the synthesis efficiency, and even burning out the chip. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application aims to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provides a w-band isolated three-way waveguide power divider-combiner, which solves the problems existing in the prior art.

[0005] The application is achieved by the following technical scheme: a w-band isolated three-way waveguide power divider-combiner, which comprises an equal-division E-plane magic T, a branch bridge one, a branch bridge two and a combining E-plane magic T; a first equal-division magic T branch and a second equal-division magic T branch are arranged on both sides of the equal-division E-plane magic T, a first combining magic T branch and a second combining magic T branch are arranged on both sides of the combining E-plane magic T, the first equal-division magic T branch and the first combining magic T branch are connected with the branch bridge one, and the second equal-division magic T branch and the second combining magic T branch are connected with the branch bridge two.

[0006] An isolation port and an output port are arranged on the equal-division E-plane branch bridge one and the E-plane branch bridge two respectively, an input port and a first isolation port are arranged on the equal-division E-plane magic T, and an output port and a second isolation port are arranged on the combining E-plane magic T; after the signal enters through the input port, it is divided into two parts and then output through the first equal-division magic T branch and the second equal-division magic T branch, and the isolation ports absorb the reflected signal and the unbalanced signal to improve impedance matching and increase synthesis efficiency.

[0007] The E-plane branch bridge one comprises a main path port one and a branch path port one, one end of the main path port one is connected with the first equal-division magic T branch, the other end is connected with the branch path port one, and the branch path port one is connected with the first combining magic T branch.

[0008] An isolation port one is arranged on the main path port one to absorb the amplitude and phase unbalanced signal and improve impedance matching and increase synthesis efficiency, and a first output port is arranged on the branch path port one to output the input signal by 1 / 3.

[0009] The E-plane branch bridge two comprises a main path port two and a branch path port two, one end of the main path port two is connected with the second equal-division magic T branch, the other end is connected with the branch path port two, and the branch path port two is connected with the second combining magic T branch.

[0010] An isolation port two is arranged on the main path port two to absorb the amplitude and phase unbalanced signal and improve impedance matching and increase synthesis efficiency, and a second output port is arranged on the branch path port two to output the input signal by 1 / 3.

[0011] A third output port is arranged on the combining E-plane magic T to output the input signal by 1 / 3.

[0012] The branch bridge one is an unequal-division E-plane branch bridge, and cracks with equal spacing are arranged on the main path port one of the branch bridge one to realize isolation of the isolation port one by selecting the size and spacing of the cracks.

[0013] The branch electric bridge two is an unequal E-plane branch electric bridge, and the main path port two of the branch electric bridge two is provided with cracks at equal intervals, and the isolation port two is isolated by selecting the size and interval of the cracks.

[0014] The application has the following advantages: a w-band isolated three-way waveguide power divider combines the flexibility of unequal branch electric bridge power distribution and waveguide magic T to realize flexible power distribution and high isolation of branch ports, effectively solves the matching problem between w-band odd-way combiners and devices, realizes the stability of input and output ports under mismatching conditions, and ensures the stability and reliability of the odd-way combination mode. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 The figure is a structural schematic diagram of the application;

[0016] In the figure: 1-equal E-plane magic T, 2-branch electric bridge one, 3-branch electric bridge two, 4-combination E-plane magic T, 5-first equal magic T branch, 6-second equal magic T branch, 7-main path port one, 8-main path port two, 9-branch port one, 10-branch port two, 11-first output port, 12-second output port, 13-first isolation port, 14-second isolation port, 15-isolation port one, 16-isolation port two, 17-first combination magic T branch, 18-second combination magic T branch, and 19-third output port. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] To make the purposes, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in combination with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, but not all the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application described and shown in the drawings herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application provided in combination with the drawings herein is not intended to limit the protection scope of the claimed present application, but only represents selected embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present application. The present application will be further described below in combination with the drawings.

[0018] As Figure 1As shown, the present application particularly relates to a w-band isolated three-way waveguide power divider-combiner, according to the scattering matrix theory of three-port network and four-port network, the characteristics of the synthesizer composed of three-port T network are analyzed, combined with the analysis of the scattering matrix of four-port network, the flexibility of unequal division branch bridge power distribution and the combination of waveguide magic T are first used to realize flexible power distribution and high isolation of branch port, effectively solving the matching problem between w-band odd road synthesizer and device, realizing the stability of input and output port under mismatching condition, ensuring the stability and reliability of odd road synthesis mode.

[0019] Specifically includes: equal E-plane magic T1, branch bridge one 2, branch bridge two 3 and combined E-plane magic T4, the structure of equal E-plane magic T1 and combined E-plane magic T4 is consistent, and they are mirror images of each other, the structure of branch bridge one 2 and branch bridge two 3 is consistent, and they are mirror images of each other; a first equal magic T branch 5 and a second equal magic T branch 6 are arranged on the two sides of the equal E-plane magic T1, a first combined magic T branch 17 and a second combined magic T branch 18 are arranged on the two sides of the combined E-plane magic T4, the first equal magic T branch 5 and the first combined magic T branch 17 are connected with the branch bridge one 2, and the second equal magic T branch 6 and the second combined magic T branch 18 are connected with the branch bridge two 3.

[0020] An isolation port and an output port are arranged on the equal E-plane branch bridge one 2 and the E-plane branch bridge two 3 respectively, an input port and a first isolation port 13 are arranged on the equal E-plane magic T1, and an output port and a second isolation port 14 are arranged on the combined E-plane magic T4, after the signal enters through the input port, it is divided into three and then output through the three output ports, and the isolation port absorbs the reflected signal and the unbalanced signal to improve impedance matching and improve synthesis efficiency.

[0021] Further, the E-plane branch bridge one 2 includes a main road port one 7 and a branch port one 9, one end of the main road port one 7 is connected with the first equal magic T branch 5, the other end is connected with the branch port one 9, and the branch port one 9 is connected with the first combined magic T branch 17.

[0022] An isolation port one 15 is arranged on the main road port one 7, and the amplitude and phase unbalanced signal is absorbed through the isolation port one 15 to improve impedance matching and improve synthesis efficiency, and a first output port 11 is arranged on the branch port one 9, and the input signal is distributed to the first output port 11 for output.

[0023] Further, the E-plane branch bridge two 3 includes a main road port two 8 and a branch port two 10, one end of the main road port two 8 is connected with the second equal magic T branch 6, the other end is connected with the branch port two 10, and the branch port two 10 is connected with the second combined magic T branch 18.

[0024] Isolation port two 16 is arranged on main path port two 8, and the amplitude and phase imbalance signals are absorbed through the isolation port two 16, so that the impedance matching is improved, the synthesis efficiency is improved, and the second output port 12 is arranged on branch path port two 10, and the input signal is distributed 1 / 3 to the second output port 12 for output.

[0025] The third output port 19 is arranged on the combining E-plane magic T 4, and the input signal is distributed 1 / 3 to the third output port 19 for output.

[0026] Further, the branch bridge one 2 is an unequal distribution E-plane branch bridge, and equal-interval cracks are arranged on the main path port one 7 of the branch bridge one 2, so that the isolation port one 15 is isolated by selecting the size and interval of the cracks. The branch bridge two 3 is an unequal distribution E-plane branch bridge, and equal-interval cracks are arranged on the main path port two 8 of the branch bridge two 3, so that the isolation port two 16 is isolated by selecting the size and interval of the cracks.

[0027] The input signal of the present application enters through the equal distribution E-plane magic T 1 main path, and the signal is equally distributed to the main paths of the branch bridge one 2 and the branch bridge two 3; the two unequal distribution bridges respectively distribute 2 / 3 of the signal to the first output port 11 and the second output port 12, and distribute 1 / 3 of the signal to the branch path one 9 and the branch path two 10 to the first combining magic T branch 17 and the second combining magic T branch 18 of the combining E-plane magic T 4, and then the signal is output through the third output port 19 after being synthesized by the combining E-plane magic T 4, so that the input signal is distributed to 1 / 3 of the signal power of the input main path through the three output ports.

[0028] The three output ports of the present application are equal in amplitude and in phase (within a relatively wide bandwidth, the phase error of the ports is only 5°), and can be directly used in pairs without additional processing of the ports. The structure of the power divider / synthesizer is entirely a waveguide structure, which is very simple to process and has very small loss.

[0029] All the ports of the present application are completely matched, only a small part of the signal is reflected back to the first isolation port 13 of the equal distribution E-plane magic T 1 and the second isolation port 14 of the combining E-plane magic T 4 due to the influence of impedance matching and processing technology, and a small part of the amplitude and phase imbalance signals reach the isolation port one 15 and the isolation port two 16; the reflected signals and the imbalance signals are absorbed by the load of the isolation port after reaching the isolation port, and will not be continuously reflected in the waveguide. This greatly improves the impedance matching between the power amplifier modules, improves the synthesis efficiency, and avoids the burning of power amplifier chips caused by high-power reflection. The present application can be expanded to other odd-numbered N (N=3, 5……) high-isolation power dividers / synthesizers.

[0030] The main feature of the present application is that the composed circuit is a four-port device, and the scattering matrix of the coupler (the unequal branch bridge belongs to a kind of coupler) is as follows:

[0031]

[0032] And the scattering matrix of the waveguide magic T is as follows:

[0033]

[0034] The four-port network can realize complete matching of the four ports, and since the unequal magic T is difficult to realize in structure, it is difficult to realize the odd-numbered path distribution by using the magic T. Through analysis of the scattering matrix of the coupler and analysis of its principle, if a and b (a and b are S parameters in the S parameter matrix) are equal, the coupler is a common 3dB bridge. If a and b are not equal, the two ports can realize any power division ratio, and when a and b are different by 90° phase, a=d and c=b, at this time the matrix is still established. According to the property of the matrix, if the main path port 7 is matched S11=0, and the isolation port 15 is matched S44=0, when the signal is input from the main path port 7 of the coupler, as long as the isolation port 15 of the coupler realizes isolation S41=0, the branch port 9 and the first output port 11 are different by 90° in phase and must be matched. Therefore, as long as the main path port 7 of the coupler is connected with the first equal magic T branch 5 of the equal E-plane magic T 1 to realize matching, and the isolation port 15 is added with a matched load to realize matching, then the isolation port 15 is designed by the size and distance of the crack of the unequal branch bridge to realize isolation. Then the branch port 9 and the first output port 11 can realize matching and isolation, and by using the characteristic of the unequal branch bridge (coupler) that it is easy to realize any coupling ratio, the unequal branch bridge (coupler) is combined with the waveguide magic T, all ports can realize complete matching and isolation, and it is easy to realize flexible odd-numbered power combiner. This kind of mixed combination is not easy to appear standing wave superposition, can realize good matching in a wide bandwidth, and will not suddenly deteriorate the standing wave at some frequency points. The synthesis number is not limited to 2N (N=1, 2, 3, …), and the remaining odd-numbered synthesis number (such as 3, 5, …) can be flexibly realized by adjusting the coupling ratio of the branch bridge (adjusting the size and distance of the crack of the two branch bridges). Since this kind of combination is composed of four-port networks, all ports can realize complete matching, which greatly improves the safety and stability of the power synthesis network.

[0035] The foregoing is considered as merely a preferred embodiment of the present application and it is understood that the present application is not limited to the forms described herein, should not be considered as excluding other embodiments, and can be used in various other combinations, modifications and improvements, and can be changed within the scope of the concept described herein, by the above teachings or related art or knowledge. Any changes and variations made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application should be within the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A three-way waveguide power splitter / combiner with W-band isolation, characterized in that: It includes a split E-plane magic T (1), a branch bridge one (2), a branch bridge two (3), and a combined E-plane magic T (4); a first split magic T branch (5) and a second split magic T branch (6) are provided on both sides of the split E-plane magic T (1), and a first combined magic T branch (17) and a second combined magic T branch (18) are provided on both sides of the combined E-plane magic T (4). The first split magic T branch (5) and the first combined magic T branch (17) are connected to the branch bridge one (2), and the second split magic T branch (6) and the second combined magic T branch (18) are connected to the branch bridge two (3). An isolation port and an output port are provided on the first (2) and the second (3) of the E-plane branch bridge. An input port and a first isolation port (13) are provided on the E-plane magic T (1). A third output port (19) and a second isolation port (14) are provided on the E-plane magic T (4). The input signal enters through the input port and is split into two and then output through the first E-plane magic T branch (5) and the second E-plane magic T branch (6). The isolation port isolates and absorbs the reflected signal and the unbalanced signal to improve impedance matching and increase the synthesis efficiency. The E-side branch bridge 1 (2) distributes 1 / 3 of the signal input to the E-side branch bridge 1 (2) to the first combining magic T branch (17) of the combining E-side magic T (4), and the E-side branch bridge 2 (3) distributes 1 / 3 of the signal input to the E-side branch bridge 2 (3) to the second combining magic T branch (18) of the combining E-side magic T (4). After being combined by the combining E-side magic T (4), the signal is output from the third output port (19).

2. The three-way waveguide power splitter and combiner with W-band isolation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The E-side branch bridge 1 (2) includes a main port 1 (7) and a branch port 1 (9). One end of the main port 1 (7) is connected to the first equally divided magic T branch (5), and the other end is connected to the branch port 1 (9). The branch port 1 (9) is connected to the first combined magic T branch (17).

3. A three-way waveguide power splitter and combiner with W-band isolation according to claim 2, characterized in that: An isolation port (15) is provided on one side of the main port (7). The amplitude and phase imbalance signal is absorbed through the isolation port (15) to improve impedance matching and increase synthesis efficiency. A first output port (11) is provided on one side of the branch port (9). 1 / 3 of the input signal is distributed to the first output port (11) for output.

4. A three-way waveguide power splitter and combiner with W-band isolation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The E-side branch bridge 2 (3) includes a main port 2 (8) and a branch port 2 (10). One end of the main port 2 (8) is connected to the second equally divided magic T branch (6), and the other end is connected to the branch port 2 (10). The branch port 2 (10) is connected to the second combined magic T branch (18).

5. A three-way waveguide power splitter and combiner with W-band isolation according to claim 4, characterized in that: An isolation port (16) is provided on one side of the main port (8). The amplitude and phase imbalance signal is absorbed through the isolation port (16) to improve impedance matching and increase synthesis efficiency. A second output port (12) is provided on one side of the branch port (10). 1 / 3 of the input signal is distributed to the second output port (12) for output.

6. A three-way waveguide power splitter and combiner with W-band isolation according to claim 1, characterized in that: A third output port (19) is provided on the combined E-face magic T (4), and 1 / 3 of the input signal is distributed to the third output port (19) for output.

7. A three-way waveguide power splitter and combiner with W-band isolation according to claim 3, characterized in that: The branch bridge 1 (2) is an unequally divided E-plane branch bridge. The main port 1 (7) of the branch bridge 1 (2) is provided with equally spaced cracks. The isolation port 1 (15) is isolated by selecting and setting the size and spacing of the cracks.

8. A three-way waveguide power splitter and combiner with W-band isolation according to claim 4, characterized in that: The second branch bridge (3) is an unequally divided E-plane branch bridge. The main port (8) of the second branch bridge (3) is provided with equally spaced cracks. The isolation port (16) is isolated by selecting and setting the size and spacing of the cracks.

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