Antenna unit, base station antenna and base station

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides an antenna unit, a base station antenna and a base station. The antenna unit comprises a radiation unit, an antenna branch, a switch and a switch circuit. The antenna stub is connected in series with the switch and electrically connected with the radiation unit through the switch, the antenna stub and the radiation unit form a parallel resonant circuit, and one end of the antenna stub is grounded; the switch circuit is electrically connected with the switch and used for controlling the state of the switch. The base station antenna comprises a floor and a plurality of antenna units, and the plurality of antenna units are arranged on the floor in an array. The base station comprises the base station antenna. According to the scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention, the flexible configuration of the working frequency bands required by various scenes can be realized, the structure is relatively simple, the size and weight are relatively small, and the power consumption is relatively low.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to an antenna unit, a base station antenna and a base station. Background Art

[0002] In actual application scenarios, antennas are usually required to achieve independent operation of certain frequency points within an ultra-wideband range so that the antenna has frequency-selective performance. For example, a conventional solution uses the method of superimposing different-frequency oscillators - in the same system, different frequency bands are achieved through oscillators of different sizes, with large-sized oscillators used in low-frequency bands and small-sized oscillators used in high-frequency bands. Since the bandwidth of a single frequency band of a single oscillator is narrow, it is impossible to flexibly tune the working frequency band as needed. In addition, the system composed of multiple oscillators has a complex structure, high manufacturing cost, huge size and weight, and high power consumption during operation. Summary of the invention

[0003] The embodiments of the present application provide an antenna unit, a base station antenna and a base station, which can realize any required frequency selection, can realize flexible configuration of the working frequency bands required for various scenarios, and have a relatively simple structure, small size and weight, and low power consumption.

[0004] In the first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an antenna unit, including a radiating unit, an antenna branch, a switch and a switching circuit; the antenna branch is connected in series with the switch, the antenna branch is electrically connected to the radiating unit through the switch, the antenna branch and the radiating unit form a parallel resonant circuit, and one end of the antenna branch is grounded; the switching circuit is electrically connected to the switch, and the switching circuit is used to control the state of the switch.

[0005] In this solution, by loading antenna branches and switches on the radiating unit, the antenna branches and the radiating unit form a parallel resonant circuit. When the switch is turned on, the antenna branches can change the current distribution in the antenna unit, thereby expanding the working frequency of the antenna unit, realizing the frequency selection function, and realizing the flexible configuration of the working frequency band required for various scenarios. Since the antenna branches and switches are loaded on the radiating unit, the overall geometric size of the antenna will not be increased, so the antenna structure is more compact, more suitable for space-constrained platforms, and can also reduce power consumption.

[0006] In an implementation of the first aspect, the radiating unit includes a radiating arm and a feeding structure, the radiating arm is connected to the feeding structure; the antenna branch is connected to the radiating arm or the feeding structure through a switch. In this solution, the antenna branch can be connected to the radiating arm or the feeding structure according to the specific antenna form, which can realize the frequency selection function according to the specific scenario.

[0007] In an implementation of the first aspect, the antenna unit includes a Vivaldi antenna, the radiating arm of the Vivaldi antenna includes a first radiating arm and a second radiating arm, and a gradient opening is formed between the first radiating arm and the second radiating arm; the antenna branch is located in the area where the first radiating arm and / or the second radiating arm are located; the antenna branch is connected to the first radiating arm and the second radiating arm through a switch, and the first radiating arm or the second radiating arm serves as a ground of the antenna branch. In this solution, the antenna branch is connected to the radiating arm of the Vivaldi antenna to realize the frequency selection function of the Vivaldi antenna.

[0008] In an implementation of the first aspect, the antenna branch has no bifurcation and extends along a single track. The antenna branch of this solution can be called a split-type branch, which has a simple structure design and is easy to manufacture, and can achieve single-frequency selection or multi-frequency selection.

[0009] In one implementation of the first aspect, the antenna branch is an integrated structure, the antenna branch is bifurcated and extends along multiple tracks; the antenna unit includes multiple switches, each switch is connected in series with the antenna branch and is located on one track. The antenna branch of this scheme can be called a merged branch, and all tracks (or branches) on the merged branch can be provided with switches, or some tracks may have no switches. By providing multiple switches on the merged branch, multi-frequency selection can be achieved, which is conducive to achieving frequency selection performance within a large octave.

[0010] In an implementation of the first aspect, a switch or multiple switches spaced apart are provided on each track. In this solution, each branch on the combined antenna branch is provided with one or more switches, and the current distribution can be changed according to the needs of various scenarios to achieve flexible configuration of the working frequency band. Among them, by controlling the conduction or disconnection of different switches on the same branch, the effective working length of the branch can be changed, thereby achieving fine and flexible frequency selection.

[0011] In an implementation of the first aspect, the radiating arm of the Vivaldi antenna also includes a third radiating arm, and the third radiating arm and the second radiating arm are located on the same side of the gradient opening; the antenna unit includes multiple antenna branches, multiple switches and multiple switch circuits, each antenna branch has no bifurcation and extends along a single trajectory, each antenna branch is connected in series with a switch, and each switch circuit is electrically connected to a corresponding switch; at least one antenna branch is located in the area where the first radiating arm and / or the second radiating arm are located, and the antenna branches located in the area where the first radiating arm and / or the second radiating arm are located are connected to the first radiating arm and the second radiating arm through their respective switches connected in series, and both use the first radiating arm or the second radiating arm as a ground; at least one antenna branch is located in the area where the first radiating arm and / or the third radiating arm are located, and the antenna branches located in the area where the first radiating arm and / or the third radiating arm are located are connected to the first radiating arm and the third radiating arm through their respective switches connected in series, and both use the first radiating arm or the third radiating arm as a ground. The Vivaldi antenna in this solution may be a balanced toe-toed Vivaldi antenna. By loading antenna branches and switches on the balanced toe-toed Vivaldi antenna, the frequency selection function of the balanced toe-toed Vivaldi antenna can be realized.

[0012] In an implementation of the first aspect, the antenna unit includes two antenna branches connecting a first radiation arm and a second radiation arm, and the positive and negative positions of two switches on the two antenna branches connecting the first radiation arm and the second radiation arm are opposite; the switch circuit includes a first switch circuit and a second switch circuit, the first switch circuit is electrically connected to the first radiation arm, and the second switch circuit is electrically connected to the second radiation arm; the first switch circuit, one of the two switches, and the second switch circuit are located in a first loop; the first switch circuit, the other of the two switches, and the second switch circuit are located in a second loop. In this solution, the switch circuit refers to all circuits that connect the switch and the driving source and form a signal loop of the switch, such as a switch signal line, a conductive via, a transmission line, a cable, a routing on a circuit board, etc. By making the two switches reuse the first switch circuit and the second switch circuit to realize on-off state control, the complexity of the switch circuit can be greatly simplified and reduced.

[0013] In an implementation of the first aspect, the antenna unit includes a third switch circuit, the third switch circuit is electrically connected to the third radiation arm, and the first switch circuit, the switch on the antenna branch connecting the first radiation arm and the third radiation arm, and the third switch circuit are located in a third loop. In this solution, the switch circuit refers to all circuits that connect the switch and the driving source and form a signal loop of the switch, such as a switch signal line, a conductive via, a transmission line, a cable, etc. By making switches at different locations reuse the first switch circuit to achieve on-off state control, the complexity of the switch circuit can be greatly simplified and reduced.

[0014] In an implementation of the first aspect, the feeding structure of the first radiating arm is grounded, and the feeding structure of the first radiating arm is connected to the first switch circuit via a DC blocking capacitor; and / or, the feeding structure of the second radiating arm is grounded, and the feeding structure of the second radiating arm is connected to the second switch circuit via a DC blocking capacitor. The DC blocking capacitor has the function of blocking DC and passing AC, so that the AC signal on the switch circuit can be directly returned to the ground, thereby preventing the switch circuit from affecting the frequency selection performance of the antenna branch.

[0015] In an implementation of the first aspect, the second radiating arm is connected to the feeding structure of the second radiating arm through a DC blocking capacitor. The DC blocking capacitor has the function of blocking DC and passing AC, and can block the DC between the second radiating arm and the ground, while ensuring AC conduction between the second radiating arm and the ground. Thus, the switch on the balanced toe-toed Vivaldi antenna can be independently controlled.

[0016] In an implementation of the first aspect, the antenna unit includes a monopole antenna, and the antenna branch is connected to the radiating arm of the monopole antenna through a switch; or the antenna unit includes a dipole antenna, and the antenna branch is connected to one of the radiating arms of the dipole antenna through a switch. In this solution, the antenna branch is connected to the radiating arm of the monopole antenna or the dipole antenna to realize the frequency selection function of the monopole antenna or the dipole antenna.

[0017] In the second aspect, the embodiment of the present application provides a base station antenna, including a floor and a plurality of antenna units, wherein the plurality of antenna units are arrayed on the floor. In this solution, by connecting antenna branches to the radiating unit, frequency selection can be achieved, and the overall geometric size of the antenna will not be increased, so that the structure of the antenna is more compact, more suitable for platforms with limited space, and power consumption can be reduced. By integrating multiple single-frequency or multi-frequency antenna branches to achieve single-frequency frequency selection or multi-frequency, compared with the conventional solution of superimposing different frequency arrays, it is possible to abandon the problems of structure, volume, weight, cost, etc. caused by the use of different-sized oscillators for different frequency bands, thereby improving the space utilization and aperture efficiency of the antenna. It can solve the problem that the traditional solution consists of a reconfigurable antenna array composed of reconfigurable antenna units, and the high-frequency working aperture utilization is extremely low due to the large low-frequency size, and the aperture utilization is maximized and the array can be reconfigured, while realizing multi-scenario applicability. It can realize a minimalist indoor or tower BS architecture, effectively reduce energy consumption, volume, weight and cost, meet the requirements of future large-scale MIMO, and have the advantage of flexible deployment according to the needs of the scene. In addition, compared with the conventional solution of loading a reconfigurable bandpass slot on a traveling wave antenna, the solution of this embodiment can achieve frequency selection performance within a large octave.

[0018] In an implementation of the second aspect, multiple antenna units form a tightly coupled array, and the distance between any two adjacent antenna units is less than 0.5 times the wavelength. By forming the antenna units into a tightly coupled array, due to the strong capacitive coupling between the antenna units, the capacitive coupling is neutralized by the inductance between the antenna unit and the floor. When all switches on the antenna unit are disconnected, the antenna unit can operate in ultra-wideband mode. Therefore, the frequency coverage range of this solution is wide (for example, ≥6 times the frequency band), the aperture utilization is maximized, and multi-band coexistence can be achieved, and the unified utilization of RF hardware equipment and fragmented spectrum can be achieved, thereby improving system throughput.

[0019] On the third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a base station, including the base station antenna. This solution can realize frequency selection, and will not increase the overall geometric size of the antenna, so that the structure of the antenna is more compact, more suitable for space-constrained platforms, and can reduce power consumption. It can abandon the structural, volume, weight, cost and other issues caused by the use of different-sized vibrators for different frequency bands, and improve the space utilization and aperture efficiency of the antenna. It can solve the problem that the traditional solution consists of a reconfigurable antenna array composed of reconfigurable antenna units, and the high-frequency working aperture utilization is extremely low due to the large low-frequency size, and realize the maximization of aperture utilization and array reconfiguration, while realizing multi-scenario applicability. It can realize a minimalist indoor or tower BS architecture, effectively reduce energy consumption, volume, weight and cost, meet future large-scale MIMO requirements, and have the advantage of flexible deployment according to the needs of the scene. In addition, frequency selection performance within a large octave can be achieved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 A schematic diagram showing an application scenario of a base station in a communication system;

[0021] Figure 2 The figure shows an assembly structure of a base station according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 3 express Figure 2 A portion of the internal frame structure of a base station;

[0023] Figure 4 A local assembly structure of a base station antenna according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 5 Represents the internal and external structure of the antenna unit positioned on the floor;

[0025] Figure 6 represents the internal structure of the antenna unit positioned on the floor;

[0026] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 A schematic structural diagram of a first radiation unit of an antenna unit;

[0027] Figure 8 yes Figure 6 A schematic structural diagram of a second radiation unit of an antenna unit in FIG.

[0028] Fig. 9 yes Figure 6 A schematic structural diagram of a third radiation unit of the antenna unit;

[0029] Fig.10 represents the internal structure of the antenna unit positioned on the floor;

[0030] Fig.11 yes Fig.10 A schematic diagram of the structure of the second antenna branch in FIG.

[0031] Fig.12 yes Fig.10 A schematic diagram of the structure shown in another viewing angle;

[0032] Fig.13 It is a schematic diagram of the parallel circuit formed by the antenna branches and the radiating elements;

[0033] Fig.14 It is an S-curve graph of the antenna unit;

[0034] Fig.15 is a directional pattern of the antenna unit;

[0035] Fig.16 is another S-curve graph of the antenna unit;

[0036] Fig.17 is another directional pattern of the antenna unit;

[0037] Fig.18 is another S-curve graph of the antenna unit;

[0038] Fig.19 is another directional pattern of the antenna unit;

[0039] Fig. 20 is another partial structural schematic diagram of the antenna unit;

[0040] Fig.21 is another directional pattern of the antenna unit;

[0041] Fig. 22 is another directional pattern of the antenna unit;

[0042] Fig.23 is another S-curve graph of the antenna unit;

[0043] Fig.24 is another partial structural schematic diagram of the antenna unit;

[0044] Fig.25 is another directional pattern of the antenna unit;

[0045] Fig.26 is another directional pattern of the antenna unit;

[0046] Fig. 27 is another S-curve graph of the antenna unit;

[0047] Fig.28 is another partial structural schematic diagram of the antenna unit;

[0048] Fig.29 is another partial structural schematic diagram of the antenna unit;

[0049] Fig.30 is another partial structural schematic diagram of the antenna unit;

[0050] Fig.31 is another partial structural schematic diagram of the antenna unit;

[0051] Fig.32 is another directional pattern of the antenna unit;

[0052] Fig.33 is another directional pattern of the antenna unit;

[0053] Fig.34 is another directional pattern of the antenna unit;

[0054] Fig.35 is another S-curve graph of the antenna unit;

[0055] Fig.36 is another partial structural schematic diagram of the antenna unit;

[0056] Fig.37 is another partial structural schematic diagram of the antenna unit;

[0057] Fig.38 is another partial structural schematic diagram of the antenna unit;

[0058] Fig.39 is another S-curve graph of the antenna unit;

[0059] Fig.40 is another directional pattern of the antenna unit;

[0060] Fig.41 is another directional pattern of the antenna unit;

[0061] Fig.42 is another directional pattern of the antenna unit;

[0062] Fig.43 is another partial structural schematic diagram of the antenna unit;

[0063] Fig.44 is another partial structural schematic diagram of the antenna unit;

[0064] Fig.45 is another partial structural schematic diagram of the antenna unit;

[0065] Fig.46 is another partial structural schematic diagram of the antenna unit;

[0066] Fig.47 is another partial structural schematic diagram of the antenna unit;

[0067] Fig.48 is another partial structural schematic diagram of the antenna unit;

[0068] Fig.49 is another partial structural schematic diagram of the antenna unit;

[0069] Fig.50 is another partial structural schematic diagram of the antenna unit;

[0070] Fig.51 is another directional pattern of the antenna unit;

[0071] Fig.52 is another S-curve graph of the antenna unit;

[0072] Fig.53 is another directional pattern of the antenna unit;

[0073] Fig.54 It is another S-curve graph of the antenna unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0074] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments.

[0075] In the embodiments of the present application, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish components, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying the relative importance of components or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, features defined as "first", "second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise specified, "multiple (layers)" means two (layers) or more than two (layers).

[0076] In the embodiments of the present application, the terms such as "upper", "lower", "front", "front side", "back", and "rear" are defined relative to the orientation of the structure schematically shown in the drawings. It should be understood that these directional terms are relative concepts. They are a relative description and clarification, which may change accordingly according to the change of the orientation of the structure.

[0077] In the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise specified, "and / or" is only a description of the association relationship of the associated objects, indicating that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone.

[0078] In the application embodiments, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "connection" refer to mechanical connections, including fixed connections, detachable connections or integrated connections; they can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium.

[0079] In the application examples, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the term "electrical connection" refers to the form in which different components in the circuit structure are connected through a physical circuit (such as a wire or copper foil on a printed circuit board, etc.) that can transmit electrical signals, and there is physical contact between the electrically connected components. The electrically connected elements can be non-detachable, such as the electrical connection between a circuit board and the components soldered thereon; the electrically connected elements can also be detachable, such as the electrical contact between contacts.

[0080] In the application embodiments, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "coupled connection" and "coupling" refer to the existence of electrical coupling between different components, without any physical medium or physical contact between the components.

[0081] The embodiments of the present application relate to a base station and a base station antenna. The base station is first introduced below, and then the general structure of the base station antenna is described.

[0082] The base station can be a base transceiver station (BTS) in a global system for mobile communications (GSM) or a code division multiple access (CDMA) system, or a node B (NB) in a wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) system, or an evolutionary node B (eNB) in a long term evolution (LTE) system, or a wireless controller in a cloud radio access network (CRAN) scenario. Alternatively, the base station can also be a relay station, an access point, an on-board device, a wearable device, a g-node (gNodeB or gNB) in a new radio (NR) system, or a base station in a future evolved network, etc., which is not limited by the embodiments of the present application.

[0083] The main function of a base station is to provide wireless coverage, that is, to achieve wireless signal transmission between the wired communication network and the wireless terminal. Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the process of forward signal transmission is basically as follows: 1. The control signaling, voice call or data service information on the core network side is sent to the base station through the transmission network (in 2G and 3G networks, the signal is first transmitted to the base station controller and then to the base station). 2. The signal undergoes baseband and RF processing on the base station side, and then is sent to the base station antenna through the RF feeder for transmission. 3. The terminal receives the radio waves emitted by the base station antenna through the wireless channel, and then demodulates its own signal. The reverse signal transmission process is in the opposite direction to the forward process, but the principle is similar. Each base station can contain one or more sectors depending on the base station antenna to which it is connected. The coverage range of the base station sector can reach hundreds to tens of kilometers. In areas with dense users, the coverage range can be controlled to avoid interference with adjacent base stations.

[0084] The base station is equipped with a base station antenna to achieve signal transmission in space. Figure 2 Indicated Figure 1 The structure of a base station antenna equipped with a base station in the base station. Figure 2 As shown, the base station 1 may include a pole 11, a pole bracket 12, an antenna cover 13, an antenna array 14, a radio frequency processing unit 15, a cable 16, and a baseband processing unit 17. The base station antenna may include a pole bracket 12, an antenna cover 13, an antenna array 14, and a feeding network and a reflector to be described below.

[0085] The pole 11 can be fixed to the ground. The pole bracket 12 connects the pole 11 and the radome 13, and the radome 13 is fixed to the pole 11 through the pole bracket 12. The antenna array 14 can be installed in the radome 13. A feed network can also be installed in the radome 13. The radome 13 has good electromagnetic wave penetration characteristics and environmental weather resistance, and can protect the components installed therein.

[0086] The antenna array 14 is used to radiate and receive antenna signals. The antenna array 14 may include a number of antenna units arranged in an array according to a certain pattern, and each antenna unit can radiate and receive electromagnetic waves. In the antenna array 14, the operating frequency bands of different antenna units may be the same or different. The antenna unit may include a connected radiator (for example, a radiating arm) and a feeding structure (for example, a balun), etc. Among them, the radiator is used to radiate and receive signals; the feeding structure connects the radiator and the feeding network to transmit the electrical signal transmitted by the feeding network to the radiator, and transmits the signal received by the radiator to the feeding network. The antenna unit may also include other components, which will be explained below.

[0087] The base station antenna may also include a reflector, which may also be called a bottom plate, an antenna panel or a reflective surface, etc. The reflector may be made of metal material, for example. The antenna unit may be mounted on the surface of one side of the reflector. When the antenna unit receives an antenna signal, the reflector may reflect the antenna signal and focus it on the receiving point, thereby achieving directional reception; when the antenna unit transmits an antenna signal, the reflector may achieve directional transmission of the antenna signal. The reflector may enhance the antenna unit's ability to receive or transmit antenna signals, and may also block and shield interference from other signals on the antenna signal from the back side of the reflector (the back side refers to the side of the reflector facing away from the antenna unit), thereby improving the gain of the antenna.

[0088] The RF processing unit 15 (also referred to as a remote radio unit (RRU)) can be connected to the feed network through a jumper, and is electrically connected to the antenna array 14 through the feed network. The feed network (described below) can serve as a signal transmission path between the RF processing unit 15 and the antenna array 14. The RF processing unit 15 can be electrically connected to the baseband processing unit 17 (also referred to as a baseband unit (BBU)) through a cable 16 (e.g., an optical cable). Figure 2 As shown, the RF processing unit 15 and the baseband processing unit 17 may both be located outside the antenna cover 13, and the RF processing unit 15 may be located at the proximal end of the base station antenna.

[0089] The RF processing unit 15 can perform frequency selection, amplification and down-conversion processing on the antenna signal received by the antenna array 14, and convert it into an intermediate frequency signal or a baseband signal and send it to the baseband processing unit 17. The RF processing unit 15 can also convert the baseband processing unit 17 or the intermediate frequency signal into an electromagnetic wave through the antenna array 14 after up-conversion and amplification processing and send it out.

[0090] Figure 2 The structure of the base station 1 shown is only an example. In fact, the structure of the base station in the embodiment of the present application can be flexibly designed according to product requirements and is not limited to the above. For example, the base station may also not have a pole 11, and the antenna cover 13 may be fixed to the tower through a pole bracket 12.

[0091] Figure 3 Can be expressed Figure 2 The internal frame structure of a part of the base station 1. Figure 3 As shown, the antenna array 14 of the base station 1 is connected to the feed network 18. The feed network 18 can realize different radiation beam pointing through a transmission mechanism, or be connected to a calibration network to obtain the calibration signal required by the base station 1. The feed network 18 can feed the signal to the antenna array 14 according to a certain amplitude and phase, or send the received signal to the baseband processing unit 17 according to a certain amplitude and phase. Schematically, the feed network 18 may include a phase shifter 181, which is used to change the maximum direction of the antenna signal radiation. The feed network 18 may also include a module for expanding performance, such as a power divider 182. The power divider 182 is used to combine multiple signals into one signal and transmit it through the antenna array 14; or, the power divider 182 divides one signal into multiple signals, for example, the signal received by the antenna array 14 is divided into multiple channels according to different frequencies and transmitted to the baseband processing unit 17 for processing. The feed network 18 may also include a filter 183 for filtering out interference signals. The feed network 18 may also include a combiner. The feed network 18 may also include any form of transmission line, such as a coaxial line, a stripline, a microstrip line, etc.

[0092] The core content of this embodiment will be described in detail below.

[0093] The antenna array of this embodiment can be, for example, a tightly coupled array, that is, the spacing between antenna units is small, and the spacing can be much smaller than 0.5λ, for example, less than or equal to 0.1λ. The tightly coupled array is conducive to miniaturization of base station antennas, improving aperture utilization, facilitating the formation of large-scale multiple input multiple output (MIMO) array antennas, and can also have an ultra-wideband working mode. In other embodiments, the antenna array is not limited to forming a tightly coupled array.

[0094] Figure 4FIG. 2 schematically shows a part of the structure of the base station antenna 2 in the first embodiment. Figure 4 As shown, the base station antenna 2 may include a floor 21, a plurality of positioning posts 22, a plurality of antenna units 23, etc. Among them, the floor 21 may also be referred to as a reflector. A plurality of gaps may be provided on the floor 21, and all positioning posts 22 are arranged in an array on the floor 21 according to a certain rule. A mounting groove may be provided on the side of each positioning post 22, and each antenna unit 23 may be installed in the mounting grooves on two adjacent positioning posts 22 on opposite sides, and the bottom of each antenna unit 23 may be positioned in the gap on the floor 21, thereby arranging the antenna units 23 in an array and assembling them on the floor 21. The antenna units 23 on the floor 21 are closely arranged to form a tightly coupled array.

[0095] It is understandable that the assembly structure of the floor 21 and the antenna unit 23 described above is only an example, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto. For example, the gap and / or the positioning column 22 on the floor 21 can be eliminated, and the antenna unit 23 and the floor 21 can be assembled in other suitable ways, such as welding, screwing, etc.

[0096] Figure 5 and Figure 6 The general structure of the antenna unit 23 positioned on the floor 21 can be represented, wherein: Figure 5 It can represent the internal and external structure of the antenna unit 23, and Figure 6 The internal structure of the antenna unit 23 is shown with a dielectric substrate (described later) removed.

[0097] like Figure 5 As shown, the antenna unit 23 may be a printed circuit board (PCB), and the antenna unit 23 may be manufactured using a PCB process. Schematically, the antenna unit 23 may be a balanced toe-toed Vivaldi antenna. The antenna unit 23 may include a first dielectric substrate 24, a second dielectric substrate 26, a first radiating unit 29, a second radiating unit 25, and a third radiating unit 27.

[0098] The first dielectric substrate 24 and the second dielectric substrate 26 are both insulating dielectric plates, and the two can be laminated. Figure 5 In the viewing angle, the first dielectric substrate 24 is facing backward, and the second dielectric substrate 26 is facing forward. Both the first dielectric substrate 24 and the second dielectric substrate 26 may be provided with conductive vias for achieving electrical connection.

[0099] refer to Figure 5As shown, the first radiation unit 29 can be located between the first dielectric substrate 24 and the second dielectric substrate 26, the second radiation unit 25 can be arranged on the surface of the first dielectric substrate 24 facing away from the second dielectric substrate 26, and the third radiation unit 27 can be located on the surface of the second dielectric substrate 26 facing away from the first dielectric substrate 24.

[0100] like Figure 7 As shown, the first radiation unit 29 may include a first radiation arm 291 and a feeding structure 292. The first radiation arm 291 is connected to the feeding structure 292, and the feeding structure 292 is not connected to the floor 28, that is, the entire first radiation unit 29 is not connected to the floor 28. The first radiation arm 291 may be approximately fan-shaped. Figure 7 and Figure 6 As shown, schematically, the RF connector 28 is located on one side of the first dielectric substrate 24, a transmission line (such as a microstrip line) can be set on the surface of the first dielectric substrate 24 facing away from the second dielectric substrate 26, a conductive via can be set on the first dielectric substrate 24, a feed line in the RF connector 28 can be connected to the transmission line, and a feeding structure 292 located between the first dielectric substrate 24 and the second dielectric substrate 26 can be electrically connected to the transmission line through the conductive via, so that the feed line can be electrically connected to the feeding structure 292, so that the feeding structure 292 feeds the first radiating arm 291. It can be understood that the above-mentioned feeding structure of the first radiating unit 29 is only a schematic, and is not a limitation of the embodiment of the present application. For example, different from the above-mentioned embodiment, the RF connector 28 can also be located on one side of the second dielectric substrate 26, the transmission line is set on the surface of the second dielectric substrate 26 facing away from the first dielectric substrate 24, and the conductive via is set on the second dielectric substrate 26.

[0101] Combination Figure 5-Figure 7 As shown, an isolation structure may be provided at the periphery of the feeding structure 292, and the isolation structure may enclose an equivalent cavity. The isolation structure may include, for example, a plurality of conductive vias (or conductive pillars) 23a, and the isolation structure may be provided on the first dielectric substrate 24 and / or the second dielectric substrate 26. The isolation structure may ensure that the first dielectric substrate 24 and the second dielectric substrate 26 are in common ground, and may effectively ensure energy isolation.

[0102] like Figure 8 As shown, the second radiation unit 25 may include a second radiation arm 251 and a feeding structure 252, and the second radiation arm 251 is connected to the feeding structure 252. The second radiation arm 251 may be approximately fan-shaped. Figure 7 and Figure 5 As shown, schematically, the feeding structure 252 can be coupled to the feeding structure 292, so that the RF signal can be coupled to the feeding structure 252, and then the feeding structure 252 feeds the second radiating arm 251. Figure 6As shown, the feeding structure 252 can be connected to the floor 21 , that is, the entire second radiation unit 25 can be connected to the floor 21 .

[0103] like Fig. 9 As shown, the third radiation unit 27 may include a third radiation arm 271 and a feeding structure 272, and the third radiation arm 271 is connected to the feeding structure 272. The third radiation arm 271 may be approximately fan-shaped. Figure 7 and Figure 5 As shown, schematically, the feeding structure 272 can be coupled to the feeding structure 292, so that the RF signal can be coupled to the feeding structure 272, and then the feeding structure 272 feeds the third radiating arm 271. Figure 6 As shown, the feeding structure 272 can be connected to the floor 21 , that is, the entire third radiation unit 27 can be connected to the floor 21 .

[0104] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the second radiating arm 251 and the third radiating arm 271 may overlap or approximately overlap and are located on one side of the dielectric substrate. The first radiating arm 291 is located on the other side of the dielectric substrate. A gradual opening (or gradually opening groove) may be formed between the first radiating arm 291 and the second radiating arm 251 (or the third radiating arm 271).

[0105] In this embodiment, the antenna unit 23 may also include at least one antenna branch, which may be generally arranged in the area where the radiating arm of the antenna unit 23 is located, and the antenna branch may be electrically connected to the radiating arm of the antenna unit 23 through a switch, and the antenna branch and the radiating unit to which the antenna branch is electrically connected form a parallel resonant circuit, and the antenna branch may change the current distribution on the antenna unit 23 during operation, thereby expanding the operating frequency of the antenna unit 23 and realizing frequency reconfiguration. In addition, one end of the antenna branch is grounded. Therefore, in summary, the antenna branch can be called a short-circuit bandpass branch. This will be described in detail below.

[0106] like Fig.10 As shown, the antenna unit 23 may include a first antenna branch 303 and a second antenna branch 301, and the first antenna branch 303 and the second antenna branch 301 are two separate branches.

[0107] like Fig.10 As shown, the first antenna branch 303 can be substantially located in the area where the first radiating arm 291 is located. The first antenna branch 303 can be on the same surface of the first dielectric substrate 24 as the second radiating arm 251. The first antenna branch 303 can be in a bent shape, and its specific shape can be designed as needed and is not limited to that shown in the figure. Fig.10 and Figure 5 As shown, one end of the first antenna branch 303 (eg Fig.10The lower end of the first antenna branch 303 (e.g., Fig.10 The upper end of the antenna 303a can be connected in series with a switch 303k, and the switch 303k is connected to the second radiation arm 251. The switch 303k includes but is not limited to a PIN diode or a micro electromechanical system (MEMS) switch. Thus, the first antenna branch 303 is electrically connected to the first radiation arm 291 and the second radiation arm 251 through the switch 303k. It can be understood that the relative position and connection between the first antenna branch 303 and the first radiation arm 291 and the second radiation arm 251 are not limited to those described above, as long as the first antenna branch 303 is electrically connected to the first radiation arm 291 and the second radiation arm 251 through the switch 303k.

[0108] Schematically, the first antenna branch 303 can be a microstrip line, which has a simple structure and is easy to implement. As needed, the first antenna branch 303 can also be other suitable conductor structures, such as cables, strip lines, or coplanar waveguides (or coplanar microstrip transmission lines) (Coplanar waveguide, CPW) and other transmission lines. For these conductor structures, adaptive designs can be performed to ensure their normal operation. For example, for strip lines or coplanar waveguides, the structure can be adaptively designed.

[0109] like Fig.10 As shown, the second antenna branch 301 can be substantially located in the area where the second radiating arm 251 is located. The second antenna branch 301 can be in a bent shape, and its specific shape can be designed as required and is not limited to that shown in the figure. Fig.11 As shown, schematically, the second antenna branch 301 may include a first section 301x, a second section 301y and a third section 301z. The first section 301x and the third section 301z may be on the same surface as the first radiating arm 291, that is, the first section 301x and the third section 301z may be located between the first dielectric substrate 24 and the second dielectric substrate 26. The second section 301y may be on the same surface as the second radiating arm 251 of the first dielectric substrate 24. Fig.11 , Fig.10 and Figure 5 As shown, one end of the first segment 301x (eg Fig.11 The lower end of the first section 301x (e.g., the lower end of the first section 301x) can be electrically connected to the second radiating arm 251 through the conductive through hole on the first dielectric substrate 24. Fig.11The upper end of the second antenna 301y can be electrically connected to a section of the second section 301y (described below) through a conductive through hole on the first dielectric substrate 24; the second section 301y can be divided into two sections, which are connected in series through a switch 301k, and the switch 301k includes but is not limited to a PIN diode or a MEMS switch, etc. One section of the second section 301y can be electrically connected to the third section 301z through a conductive through hole on the first dielectric substrate 24; the third section 301z can be electrically connected to the first radiation arm 291. Thus, the second antenna branch 301 can be electrically connected to both the first radiation arm 291 and the second radiation arm 251 through the switch 301k. It can be understood that the relative position and connection of the second antenna branch 301 and the first radiation arm 291 and the second radiation arm 251 are not limited to those described above, as long as the second antenna branch 301 is electrically connected to both the first radiation arm 291 and the second radiation arm 251 through the switch 301k.

[0110] Schematically, the second antenna branch 301 can be a microstrip line, which has a simple structure and is easy to implement. As needed, the second antenna branch 301 can also be other suitable conductor structures, such as cables, strip lines, or coplanar waveguides (or coplanar microstrip transmission lines) (Coplanar waveguide, CPW) and other transmission lines. For these conductor structures, adaptive designs can be performed to ensure their normal operation. For example, for strip lines or coplanar waveguides, the structure can be adaptively designed.

[0111] like Figure 6 As shown, the antenna unit 23 may further include a third antenna branch 302, and the third antenna branch 302 and the first antenna branch 303 and the second antenna branch 301 are three separate branches. The third antenna branch 302 may be located in the area where the first radiating arm 291 and the third radiating arm 271 are located. The third antenna branch 302 may be on the same surface of the second dielectric substrate 26 as the third radiating arm 271. One end of the third antenna branch 302 (e.g. Figure 6 The left end of the third antenna branch 302 may be connected to the third radiating arm 271, and the other end of the third antenna branch 302 (eg Figure 6The third antenna branch 302 may be electrically connected to the first radiation arm 291 through a conductive through hole on the second dielectric substrate 26. The specific shape of the third antenna branch 302 may be designed as needed and is not limited to that shown in the figure. The third antenna branch 302 may include two sections, which are connected in series through a switch 303k. The switch 302k is not limited to a PIN diode, a MEMS switch, etc. Thus, the third antenna branch 302 is electrically connected to both the first radiation arm 291 and the third radiation arm 271 through the switch 302k. It can be understood that the relative position and connection of the third antenna branch 302 and the first radiation arm 291 and the third radiation arm 271 are not limited to those described above, as long as the third antenna branch 302 is electrically connected to both the first radiation arm 291 and the third radiation arm 271 through the switch 302k.

[0112] In this embodiment, switch circuits may be provided to control the switch states of switch 303k, switch 301K, and switch 302k, respectively. The switch circuit may include a switch circuit, which refers to all circuits that connect the switch and the drive source and form a signal loop of the switch, including but not limited to switch signal lines, conductive vias, transmission lines, cables, and wiring on a circuit board, etc., which will be described below. Among them, the switch circuit electrically connected to the first radiation arm 291 may be referred to as a first switch circuit, the switch circuit electrically connected to the second radiation arm 251 may be referred to as a second switch circuit, and the switch circuit electrically connected to the third radiation arm 271 may be referred to as a third switch circuit. The schematic composition and working principle of the switch circuit will be described in detail below.

[0113] like Fig.10 and Fig.12 As shown, for the switch 303k, schematically, a switch signal line 30b1 and a switch signal line 30b2 may be provided, and the switch signal line 30b1 and the switch signal line 30b2 may be electrically connected to the driving source respectively and form a potential difference, so as to control the switch 303k.

[0114] like Fig.10 and Fig.12As shown, one end of the switch signal line 30b1 can be electrically connected to the second radiation arm 251, and the other end of the switch signal line 30b1 can be electrically connected to the conductive through hole 21a on the floor 21. A transmission line 30a1 electrically connected to the conductive through hole 21a can be arranged on the side of the floor 21 facing away from the second radiation arm 251. The transmission line 30a1 includes but is not limited to CPW. The transmission line 30a1 can be connected to one pole of a driving source (e.g., a DC voltage source). For example, the transmission line 30a1 can be connected to the positive pole of the driving source. Thus, the switch signal line 30b1 can be electrically connected to one pole of the driving source. One end of the switch signal line 30b2 can be electrically connected to the first radiation arm 291, and the other end of the switch signal line 30b2 can be electrically connected to the conductive through hole 21b on the floor 21. A transmission line 30a2 electrically connected to the conductive through hole 21b can be arranged on one side of the floor 21 facing away from the first radiation arm 291. The transmission line 30a2 includes but is not limited to a coplanar waveguide. The transmission line 30a2 can be connected to a driving source (e.g., a DC voltage source). For example, the transmission line 30a2 can be connected to the negative electrode of the driving source. Thus, the switch signal line 30b2 can be electrically connected to the other electrode of the driving source. Therefore, one electrode of the driving source, the switch signal line 30b1, the second radiation arm 251, the switch 303k, the first antenna branch 303, the first radiation arm 291, the switch signal line 30b2, and the other electrode of the driving source form a loop, and a potential difference is formed at both ends of the switch 303k, thereby achieving the driving of the switch 303k. Schematically, the switch 303k may be a PIN diode, and its on-voltage may be, for example, 1.33V to 1.45V, and its off-voltage may be, for example, 0V. The DC voltage source may provide the above-mentioned DC voltage signal to control the switch 303k to be on or off. Accordingly, the switch signal line 30b1 and the switch signal line 30b2 may both be DC bias lines, and the switch circuit corresponding to the switch 303k may be called a DC bias circuit. For the switch 303k, schematically, the switch signal line 30b1 may be a high potential, and the switch signal line 30b2 may be a low potential.

[0115] Through the above-mentioned switch circuit, the driving signal of the driving source can be transmitted to the switch 303k to realize the switch state control of the switch 303k. When the switch 303k is turned on, the first antenna branch 303 can work; when the switch 303k is turned off, the first antenna branch 303 does not work. The switch signal line 30b1 is connected to the second radiation arm 251, and the structure is simple and easy to implement. In other embodiments, as needed, the switch signal line 30b1 can also be connected to the first antenna branch 303 or directly connected to the switch 303k.

[0116] like Fig.10As shown, the switch signal line 30b1 is connected to the second radiation arm 251. In order to prevent the switch signal line 30b1 from affecting the AC RF signal and thus affecting the frequency selection performance of the antenna branch (which will be explained below), a number of DC blocking capacitors 30c1, such as three DC blocking capacitors 30c1, can be connected between the switch signal line 30b1 and the feeding structure 252 (since the feeding structure 252 is connected to the floor 21, the feeding structure 252 is also the ground). The capacitance of these three DC blocking capacitors 30c1 can be designed as needed, for example, they can be 0.33uF, 0.4pF, and 0.1pF respectively. The DC blocking capacitor 30c1 has the function of blocking DC and passing AC, which can make the AC signal on the switch signal line 30b1 return to the ground directly, avoiding the switch signal line 30b1 from affecting the frequency selection performance of the antenna branch. In other embodiments, the DC blocking capacitor 30c1 can also be set between the switch signal line 30b1 and other grounds, not limited to between the switch signal line 30b1 and the feeding structure 252. Alternatively, according to product requirements, the design of the DC blocking capacitor 30c1 may be eliminated.

[0117] Similarly, if Fig.10 and Fig.12 As shown, the switch signal line 30b2 is connected to the first radiation arm 291. In order to prevent the switch signal line 30b2 from affecting the AC RF signal and thus affecting the frequency selection performance of the antenna branch, a number of DC blocking capacitors 30c3, such as three DC blocking capacitors 30c3, can be connected between the switch signal line 30b2 and the feeding structure 272 (since the feeding structure 272 is connected to the floor 21, the feeding structure 272 is also the ground). The capacitance of these three DC blocking capacitors 30c3 can be designed as needed, for example, they can be 0.33uF, 0.4pF, and 0.1pF respectively. The DC blocking capacitor 30c3 has the function of blocking DC and passing AC, which can make the AC signal on the switch signal line 30b2 return to the ground directly, avoiding the switch signal line 30b2 from affecting the frequency selection performance of the antenna branch. In other embodiments, a DC blocking capacitor can also be set between the switch signal line 30b2 and other grounds, not limited to between the switch signal line 30b2 and the feeding structure 272. Alternatively, according to product requirements, the design of the DC blocking capacitor 30c3 can be eliminated.

[0118] The structure of the switch circuit of the switch 303 k described above is only an example, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto. In fact, a corresponding switch circuit can be designed according to product requirements.

[0119] In this embodiment, the switch 301k may have an independent driving source, and the driving source of the switch 301k may be different from the driving source of the switch 303k. The switch circuit of the switch 301k may reuse the switch signal line 30b1, the conductive via 21a, the transmission line 30a1, the switch signal line 30b2, the conductive via 21b and the transmission line 30a2, that is, the driving signal of the switch 301k will also flow through the switch signal line 30b1, the conductive via 21a, the transmission line 30a1, the switch signal line 30b2, the conductive via 21b and the transmission line 30a2. However, the positions of the positive and negative poles of the switch 301k are opposite to those of the positive and negative poles of the switch 303k. For example, for switch 301k, transmission line 30a1 can be connected to the negative pole of the driving source (and for switch 303k, transmission line 30a1 can be connected to the positive pole of the driving source), and transmission line 30a2 can be connected to the positive pole of the driving source (and for switch 303k, transmission line 30a2 can be connected to the negative pole of the driving source). Therefore, switch 301k can reuse the switching circuit of switch 303k to achieve on-off state control. This multiplexing design can greatly simplify and reduce the complexity of the DC bias network. It can be understood that, according to product needs, in other embodiments, multiplexing may not be performed, and switch 301k may also have an independent switching circuit, which can be designed as needed, and the embodiment of the present application is not limited.

[0120] In this embodiment, the switch 302k may also have an independent driving source. Figure 6 As shown, for the switch 302k, schematically, a cable 30b3 can be provided, the cable 30b3 is connected to the floor 21, and is electrically connected to the feed structure 272 and the third radiation arm 271 through the floor 21. The cable 30b3 can be connected to one pole of the driving source, for example, to the positive pole of the driving source. In addition, the switch 302k can reuse the switch signal line 30b2, the conductive through hole 21b and the transmission line 30a2. The transmission line 30a2 can be connected to the other pole of the driving source, for example, to the negative pole of the driving source. Therefore, the switch 302k can realize the on-off state control through the cable 30b3 and a part of the switching circuit of the multiplexing switch 302k. This multiplexing design can greatly simplify and reduce the complexity of the DC bias network. It can be understood that, according to product requirements, in other embodiments, multiplexing may not be performed, and the switch 302k may also have a completely independent switching circuit, which can be designed as needed, and the embodiment of the present application is not limited.

[0121] In this embodiment, since both the second radiation unit 25 and the third radiation unit 27 can be connected to the floor 21, the voltages of the second radiation unit 25 and the third radiation unit 27 are consistent from a DC perspective. In order to achieve the frequency selection performance of the antenna branch, the voltages of the second radiation unit 25 and the third radiation unit 27 may be inconsistent, but have a voltage difference. Schematically, as shown in FIG. Fig.10 As shown, a DC blocking capacitor 30c2 may be provided between the feeding structure 252 of the second radiating unit 25 and the second radiating arm 251, and the DC blocking capacitor 30c2 connects the feeding structure 252 and the second radiating arm 251. The DC blocking capacitor 30c2 has the function of blocking DC and passing AC, and can block the DC between the second radiating arm 251 and the floor 21, while ensuring AC conduction between the second radiating arm 251 and the floor 21. Thus, the switch 302k and the switch 301k and the switch 303k can be independently controlled. In other embodiments, it is not necessary to realize independent control of the switches through the DC blocking capacitor 30c2, and the same purpose can be achieved through other suitable designs.

[0122] In the first embodiment, a switch may be connected in series to each antenna branch, and the number of switches in the antenna unit 23 may be equal to the number of antenna branches.

[0123] The above description of the three antenna branches, namely the first antenna branch 303, the second antenna branch 301 and the third antenna branch 302, is merely an example. In practice, the number of antenna branches can be set as required, for example, the antenna branch can be at least one. The shape, mechanical connection and circuit connection method of the antenna branch can also be set as required, not limited to the above.

[0124] The hardware structure of the antenna unit 23 is described above, and the working principle of the antenna unit 23 is described below.

[0125] like Fig.13 As shown, consider any antenna branch, which forms a parallel resonant circuit with the radiating unit electrically connected to the antenna branch, and the antenna branch can be equivalent to a transmission line. Fig.13 Port1 in the figure represents the feeder end of the radiating element, i.e., the end where the feeding structure is located, and port2 represents the outward radiating end of the radiating element, i.e., the end where the radiating arm is located. The transmission path of the antenna energy is from port1 to port2. The antenna branch is represented by a black dot. From the connection point, the input impedance Zin of the antenna branch is:

[0126]

[0127] Among them, Z0 is the characteristic impedance of the antenna branch, Zl is the load impedance of the antenna branch (i.e. resistance, which is the real part), jZ0tanβl represents the reactance of the antenna branch (which is the imaginary part), j is the coefficient of the imaginary part, j is related to the physical length of the antenna branch, β is the phase constant, β=2π / λ, l is the physical length of the antenna branch, and βl is the electrical length of the antenna branch.

[0128] Wherein, the load impedance Zl=0, and the above formula can be simplified to: Zin=JZ0tanβl.

[0129] When the antenna branch works, it works in a resonant state. At this time, its input impedance Zin is infinite, so βl = nπ / 2, which leads to l = nλ / 4. Wherein, n is an odd number, for example, it can be ±1, ±3, ±5, ±7, etc. The value of n can be determined according to needs and has nothing to do with the resonant frequency of the antenna branch. f is the resonant frequency of the antenna branch, and c is the speed of light.

[0130] From the above derivation, we can get the physical length of the antenna branch l = nλ / 4, the resonant frequency It can be seen from this that the physical length of the antenna branch can be set as needed to achieve the corresponding resonant frequency, thereby expanding the operating frequency of the antenna unit 23 and achieving frequency reconfiguration.

[0131] Illustratively, n=1 and the physical length l=λ / 4 can be set. This length is smaller than the conventional half-wave resonant size, so that the structure of the antenna branch is more compact.

[0132] Indicatively, the three antenna branches of the first embodiment can each expand an operating frequency, and the antenna unit 23 works independently at each operating frequency. For example, the first antenna branch 303 can expand an operating frequency of 3.5 GHz, the second antenna branch 301 can expand an operating frequency of 6.8 GHz, and the third antenna branch 302 can expand an operating frequency of 10.2 GHz. The simulation results of the antenna unit 23 near 3.5 GHz, 6.8 GHz, and 10.2 GHz will be described below.

[0133] When the switch 303k on the first antenna branch 303 is turned on, the antenna unit 23 operates at a frequency of 3.5 GHz. Fig.14 As shown, the directional diagram is Fig.15 As shown. Fig.14 and Fig.15 As shown, the antenna unit 23 has S11 < -10dB near 3.5GHz, and the radiation pattern shows a good side-radiation state. Compared with the ultra-wideband tightly coupled Vivaldi antenna without the first antenna branch 303, the antenna unit 23 achieves frequency selection near 3.5GHz.

[0134] When the switch 301k on the second antenna branch 301 is turned on, the antenna unit 23 operates at a frequency of 6.8 GHz. Fig.16 As shown, the directional diagram is Fig.17 As shown. Fig.16 and Fig.17 As shown, the S11 of the antenna unit 23 near 6.8 GHz is less than -10 dB, and the radiation pattern shows a good side-radiation state. Compared with the ultra-wideband tightly coupled Vivaldi antenna without the second antenna branch 301, the antenna unit 23 achieves frequency selection near 6.8 GHz.

[0135] When the switch 302k on the third antenna branch 302 is turned on, the antenna unit 23 operates at a frequency of 10.2 GHz. Fig.18 As shown, the directional diagram is Fig.19 As shown. Fig.18 and Fig.19 As shown, the antenna unit 23 has S11 < -10dB near 10.2 GHz, and the radiation pattern shows a good side-radiation state. Compared with the ultra-wideband tightly coupled Vivaldi antenna without the second antenna branch 301, the antenna unit 23 achieves frequency selection near 10.2 GHz.

[0136] In embodiment one, when only any one switch is turned on and the other switches are turned off, the corresponding antenna branch is working and the other antenna branches are not working, the antenna unit 23 can achieve frequency selection of a single frequency point, and there is a steep gain decrease trend on both sides of the selected frequency point, showing a filtering effect, so the antenna unit 23 can have a single-band frequency selection performance.

[0137] In the first embodiment, multiple antenna units 23 can form a tightly coupled array. Since the capacitive coupling between the antenna units 23 is strong, the capacitive coupling is neutralized by the inductance between the antenna unit 23 and the floor 21. When all switches on the antenna unit 23 are disconnected, the antenna unit 23 can operate in an ultra-wideband mode. In the ultra-wideband mode, the operating frequency band of the antenna unit 23 is relatively wide, for example, the operating frequency band can be 2 GHz-10 GHz.

[0138] In the first embodiment, any frequency combination can be achieved by controlling the on / off state of the switch loaded inside the antenna branch. For example, any frequency combination of 3.5 GHz, 6.8 GHz and 10.2 GHz can be achieved. By making the antenna work alone at a certain frequency, the working frequency can be flexibly configured and a better frequency selection effect can be achieved. At the same time, when working at different frequencies, the directional pattern can maintain good forward radiation.

[0139] In the first embodiment, by connecting the antenna branches on the radiating arm, the overall geometric size of the antenna will not be increased, so the structure of the antenna is more compact and more suitable for platforms with limited space. By integrating multiple single-frequency antenna branches to achieve single-frequency frequency selection, compared with the conventional solution of superimposing different frequency arrays, it is possible to abandon the structural, volume, weight, cost and other issues caused by the use of different-sized vibrators in different frequency bands, thereby improving the space utilization and aperture efficiency of the antenna. It can solve the problem that the traditional solution consists of a reconfigurable antenna array composed of reconfigurable antenna units, and the high-frequency working aperture utilization is extremely low due to the large low-frequency size, and maximize the aperture utilization and array reconfiguration, while realizing multi-scenario applicability. It can realize a minimalist indoor or tower BS architecture, effectively reduce energy consumption, volume, weight and cost, meet future large-scale MIMO requirements, and have the advantage of flexible deployment according to the needs of the scene. In addition, compared with the conventional solution of loading a reconfigurable bandpass slot with a traveling wave antenna, the solution of this embodiment can achieve single-frequency frequency selection performance within a large octave.

[0140] As an example, the solution of embodiment 1 can be combined with a back-end such as a power division network or an optical delay device. By reasonably configuring the feeding amplitude and phase of the antenna unit, the frequency selection performance in a single frequency, dual frequency or even a wide frequency band can be further improved, and its beamforming can be controlled.

[0141] Each antenna branch in the first embodiment may be called a single-band branch. Different from the first embodiment, the antenna branch in the second embodiment may be a dual-band branch, which may extend two frequency points, and the antenna unit in the second embodiment may have a dual-band frequency selection function. This will be described below.

[0142] Fig. 20 FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a partial structure of the antenna unit 23 in the first implementation mode of the second embodiment. Fig. 20As shown, schematically, the antenna branch 304 can be substantially located in the area where the first radiation arm 291 is located. The antenna branch 304 can be an integrated structure. The antenna branch 304 can be in a bent shape, and its specific shape can be designed as needed. The figure is only a schematic diagram. One end of the antenna branch 304 can be connected in series with the second radiation arm 251 through a switch 304k1, and the antenna branch 304 can also be connected in series with a switch 304k2, a switch 304k3 and a switch 304k4. Through the above switches, two current paths can be constructed in the antenna branch 304, such as path 1 (represented by a solid line) and path 2 (represented by a dotted line). When switch 304k1 and switch 304k2 are turned on and other switches are turned off, the current is transmitted along path 1, and the antenna unit 23 can work at a frequency of 4 GHz; when switch 304k1, switch 304k3 and switch 304k4 are turned on and switch 304k2 is turned off, the current is transmitted along path 2, and the antenna unit 23 can work at a frequency of 6 GHz; when all switches are turned on, the current is transmitted along path 1 and path 2 at the same time, and the antenna unit 23 can work at 4 GHz and 6 GHz at the same time. The antenna branch 304 of this embodiment can expand two frequency points, so it can be called a dual-band branch, and the antenna unit 23 can have a dual-band working state.

[0143] Figure 21-23 represents the simulation result when all switches on the antenna branch 304 are turned on and the antenna unit 23 works at 4 GHz and 6 GHz at the same time, wherein Fig.21 and Fig. 22 Respectively represent the directional diagrams at the two frequency points of 4 GHz and 6 GHz, such as Fig.21 and Fig. 22 As shown, the radiation patterns of the two frequency points show a good side-fire state; Fig.23 represents the S-curve, Fig.23 The S-curve shown indicates that the antenna has dual-band characteristics. Compared with the ultra-wideband tightly coupled Vivaldi antenna without the antenna branch 304, the antenna unit 23 realizes dual-band frequency selection at 4 GHz and 6 GHz, and has a steep gain drop on both sides of the selected frequency point, showing a better filtering effect.

[0144] Fig.24 FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a partial structure of the antenna unit 23 in the second implementation mode of the second embodiment. Fig.23As shown, schematically, the antenna branch 305 can be substantially located in the area where the second radiation arm 251 is located. The antenna branch 305 can be an integrated structure. The antenna branch 305 can be in a bent shape, and its specific shape can be designed as needed. The figure is only a schematic diagram. One end of the antenna branch 305 can be connected in series with the first radiation arm 291 through a switch 305k1, and the antenna branch 305 can also be connected in series with a switch 305k2, a switch 305k3, a switch 305k4, a switch 305k5 and a switch 305k6. Through the above switches, two current paths can be constructed in the antenna branch 305, such as path 1 (represented by a solid line) and path 2 (represented by a dotted line). When switch 305k1, switch 305k2, switch 305k3 and switch 305k6 are turned on and other switches are turned off, current is transmitted along path 1, and antenna unit 23 can operate at 4 GHz frequency; when switch 305k1 and switch 305k5 are turned on and other switches are turned off, current is transmitted along path 2, and antenna unit 23 can operate at 12 GHz frequency; when all switches are turned on, current is transmitted along path 1 and path 2 at the same time, and antenna unit 23 can operate at 4 GHz and 12 GHz. The antenna branch 305 of this embodiment can expand two frequency points, so it can be called a dual-band branch, and antenna unit 23 can have a dual-band working state.

[0145] Figure 25-27 It represents the simulation result when all switches on the antenna branch 305 are turned on and the antenna unit 23 works at 4 GHz and 12 GHz at the same time, wherein Fig.25 and Fig.26 Respectively represent the directional diagrams at the two frequency points of 4 GHz and 12 GHz, such as Fig.25 and Fig.26 As shown, the radiation patterns of the two frequency points show a good side-fire state; Fig. 27 represents the S-curve, Fig. 27 The S-curve shown shows that the antenna has two resonance points at 4 GHz and 12 GHz, and has dual-frequency characteristics. Compared with the ultra-wideband tightly coupled Vivaldi antenna without the antenna branch 305, the antenna unit 23 realizes dual-frequency selection at 4 GHz and 12 GHz, and has a steep gain drop on both sides of the selected frequency point, showing a better filtering effect.

[0146] Figure 28-Figure 30 They respectively represent dual-band branches and current paths thereon in other implementations of the second embodiment.

[0147] For example Fig.28As shown, schematically, the antenna branch 306 can be substantially located in the area where the second radiation arm 251 is located. The antenna branch 306 can be an integrated structure. The antenna branch 306 can be in a bent shape, and its specific shape can be designed as needed. The figure is only a schematic diagram. The antenna branch 306 can be connected in series with a switch 306k1, a switch 306k2 and a switch 306k3. The antenna branch 306 can connect the first radiation arm 291 and the second radiation arm 251 through the above-mentioned switch. Through the above-mentioned switch, two current paths can be constructed in the antenna branch 306, such as path 1 (represented by a solid line) and path 2 (represented by a dotted line).

[0148] For example Fig.29 As shown, schematically, the antenna branch 307 can be substantially located in the area where the second radiation arm 251 is located. The antenna branch 307 can be in a bent shape, and its specific shape can be designed as needed. The figure is only a schematic diagram. The antenna branch 307 can be connected in series with a switch 307k1 and a switch 307k2. The antenna branch 307 can connect the first radiation arm 291 and the second radiation arm 251 through the above-mentioned switch. Through the above-mentioned switch, two current paths can be constructed in the antenna branch 307, such as path 1 (represented by a solid line) and path 2 (represented by a dotted line).

[0149] For example Fig.30 As shown, schematically, the antenna branch 308 can be substantially located in the area where the second radiation arm 251 is located. The antenna branch 308 can be in a bent shape, and its specific shape can be designed as needed. The figure is only a schematic diagram. The antenna branch 308 can be connected in series with a switch 308k1 and a switch 308k2. The antenna branch 308 can connect the first radiation arm 291 and the second radiation arm 251 through the above-mentioned switch. Through the above-mentioned switch, two current paths can be constructed in the antenna branch 308, such as path 1 (represented by a solid line) and path 2 (represented by a dotted line).

[0150] In the second embodiment, multiple antenna units 23 can form a tightly coupled array. Since the capacitive coupling between the antenna units 23 is strong, the capacitive coupling is neutralized by the inductance between the antenna unit 23 and the floor 21. When all switches on the antenna unit 23 are disconnected, the antenna unit 23 can operate in an ultra-wideband mode. In the ultra-wideband mode, the operating frequency band of the antenna unit 23 is relatively wide, for example, the operating frequency band can be 2 GHz-10 GHz.

[0151] The dual-band branch in the second embodiment is an integrated structure, which is only an example. In fact, it can also be made into multiple separate branches. Multiple switches can be connected in series on the antenna branch in the second embodiment, and the number of switches can be greater than or equal to the number of constructed current paths, that is, the number of switches can be greater than or equal to the number of expanded frequency points, for example, greater than or equal to 2.

[0152] In the second embodiment, any frequency combination can be achieved by controlling the on / off state of the switch loaded inside the antenna branch. For example, a frequency combination of 4 GHz and / or 6 GHz, or a frequency combination of 4 GHz and / or 12 GHz can be achieved. By making the antenna work alone at a certain frequency or working in coordination with multiple frequencies, the operating frequency can be flexibly configured and a better frequency selection effect can be achieved. At the same time, when working at different frequencies, the directional pattern can maintain good forward radiation.

[0153] The antenna branch in the second embodiment may be called a dual-band branch. Different from the second embodiment, the antenna branch in the third embodiment may be a tri-band branch, which may extend three frequency points. This will be described below.

[0154] In the implementation mode 1 of the third embodiment, as Fig.31 As shown, schematically, the antenna branch 309 can be substantially located in the area where the second radiation arm 251 is located. The antenna branch 309 can be in a bent shape, and its specific shape can be designed as needed. The figure is only a schematic diagram. The antenna branch 309 can be connected in series with a switch 309k1, a switch 309k2, a switch 309k3, a switch 309k4, a switch 309k5 and a switch 309k6. The antenna branch 309 can connect the first radiation arm 291 and the second radiation arm 251 through the above-mentioned switch. Through the above-mentioned switch, three current paths can be constructed in the antenna branch 309, such as path 1 (represented by a small-spacing dotted line), path 2 (represented by a solid line) and path 3 (represented by a large-spacing dotted line). The antenna branch 309 can expand three frequency points, such as 3GHz, 6GHz and 10GHz, so it can be called a three-band branch, and the antenna unit 23 can have a three-band working state.

[0155] Figure 32-Figure 35 It represents the simulation result when all switches on the antenna branch 309 are turned on and the antenna unit 23 works at 3 GHz, 6.7 GHz and 10 GHz at the same time, where Fig.32 , Fig.33 and Fig.34 Represent the directional diagrams at three frequency points respectively, such as Figure 32-Figure 34 As shown, the directivity diagrams of the three frequency points show good forward radiation; Fig.35 represents the S-curve, Fig.35The S-curve shown shows that the antenna has three resonance points at 3 GHz, 6 GHz and 10 GHz, and has a three-band characteristic. The antenna unit 23 can achieve good matching at 3 GHz, 6.7 GHz and 10 GHz. Compared with the ultra-wideband tightly coupled Vivaldi antenna without the antenna branch 309, the antenna unit 23 achieves three-band frequency selection at 3 GHz, 6 GHz and 10 GHz, and has a steep gain drop on both sides of the selected frequency point, showing a better filtering effect.

[0156] Figure 36-Figure 38 They respectively represent the three-band branches and the current paths thereon in other implementations of the third embodiment.

[0157] like Fig.36 As shown, schematically, the antenna branch 310 can be substantially located in the area where the second radiation arm 251 is located. The antenna branch 310 can be in a bent shape, and its specific shape can be designed as needed. The figure is only a schematic diagram. The antenna branch 310 can be connected in series with a switch 310k1, a switch 310k2 and a switch 310k3. The antenna branch 310 can connect the first radiation arm 291 and the second radiation arm 251 through the above-mentioned switches. Through the above-mentioned switches, three current paths can be constructed in the antenna branch 310, such as path 1 (represented by a dashed line with a small spacing), path 2 (represented by a solid line) and path 3 (represented by a dashed line with a large spacing).

[0158] like Fig.37 As shown, schematically, the antenna branch 311 can be substantially located in the area where the second radiation arm 251 is located. The antenna branch 311 can be in a bent shape, and its specific shape can be designed as needed. The figure is only a schematic diagram. The antenna branch 311 can be connected in series with a switch 311k1, a switch 311k2 and a switch 311k3. The antenna branch 311 can connect the first radiation arm 291 and the second radiation arm 251 through the above-mentioned switch. Through the above-mentioned switch, three current paths can be constructed in the antenna branch 311, such as path 1 (represented by a dashed line with a small spacing), path 2 (represented by a solid line) and path 3 (represented by a dashed line with a large spacing).

[0159] like Fig.38As shown, schematically, the antenna branch 312 can be substantially located in the area where the second radiation arm 251 is located. The antenna branch 312 can be in a bent shape, and its specific shape can be designed as needed. The figure is only a schematic diagram. The antenna branch 312 can be connected in series with a switch 312k1, a switch 312k2 and a switch 312k3. The antenna branch 312 can connect the first radiation arm 291 and the second radiation arm 251 through the above-mentioned switch. Through the above-mentioned switch, three current paths can be constructed in the antenna branch 312, such as path 1 (represented by a dashed line with a small spacing), path 2 (represented by a solid line) and path 3 (represented by a dashed line with a large spacing).

[0160] In the third embodiment, multiple antenna units 23 can form a tightly coupled array. Since the capacitive coupling between the antenna units 23 is strong, the capacitive coupling is neutralized by the inductance between the antenna unit 23 and the floor 21. When all switches on the antenna unit 23 are disconnected, the antenna unit 23 can operate in the ultra-wideband mode. In the ultra-wideband mode, the operating frequency band of the antenna unit 23 is relatively wide, for example, the operating frequency band can be 2GHz-10GHz.

[0161] The three-band branch in the third embodiment is an integrated structure, which is just an example. In fact, it can also be made into multiple separate branches. Multiple switches can be connected in series on the antenna branch in the third embodiment, and the number of switches can be greater than or equal to the number of constructed current paths, that is, the number of switches can be greater than or equal to the number of expanded frequency points, for example, greater than or equal to 3.

[0162] In the third embodiment, any frequency combination can be achieved by controlling the on / off state of the switch loaded inside the antenna branch. For example, a frequency combination of 3 GHz, 6.7 GHz and / or 10 GHz can be achieved. By making the antenna work alone at a certain frequency or working together at multiple frequencies, the operating frequency can be flexibly configured and a better frequency selection effect can be achieved. At the same time, when working at different frequencies, the directional pattern can maintain good forward radiation.

[0163] In the embodiment of the present application, when all switches on the antenna unit 23 are turned off, the antenna unit 23 can operate in the ultra-wideband mode. Fig.39 As shown in the S-curve diagram, the antenna unit 23 can achieve matching at 2 GHz-10 GHz, for example, to achieve ultra-wideband operation. Fig.40 , Fig.41 and Fig.42 As shown in the directional diagram, the directional diagrams of the antenna unit 23 at three frequency points, 3.5 GHz, 6.7 GHz and 10.2 GHz, are all good forward radiation, which is suitable for ultra-wideband application scenarios such as wireless carrier communication technology (Ultra WideBand, UWB).

[0164] In the embodiment of the present application, the on-off state of each switch can be controlled to achieve single-frequency frequency selection performance in different frequency bands, as well as dual-frequency / multi-frequency coexistence frequency selection performance, so as to be suitable for a variety of different scenarios.

[0165] like Fig.37 As shown, taking the antenna unit 23 loaded with the three-band antenna branch 311 as an example, the antenna unit 23 works in frequency band 1 only when the switch 311k1 is turned on; the antenna unit 23 works in frequency band 2 only when the switch 311k2 is turned on; the antenna unit 23 works in frequency band 3 only when the switch 311k3 is turned on; the antenna unit 23 works in frequency band 1 and band 2 only when the switch 311k1 and the switch 311k2 are turned on, the antenna unit 23 works in frequency band 1 and band 2 at the same time; the antenna unit 23 works in frequency band 1 and band 3 at the same time only when the switch 311k1 and the switch 311k3 are turned on; the antenna unit 23 works in frequency band 2 and band 3 at the same time only when the switch 311k2 and the switch 311k3 are turned on; when all switches are turned on, the antenna unit 23 works in frequency band 1, band 2 and band 3 at the same time. Compared with the conventional reconfigurable unit, which requires a sufficiently long radiating arm or a sufficient number of parasitic radiating patches to produce effective radiation when working at low frequencies, the solution of the embodiment of the present application can well avoid this and achieve low-frequency operation while keeping the overall size of the antenna unchanged. Compared with the conventional solution of loading a bandpass resonant slot on a traveling wave antenna, the solution of the embodiment of the present application can achieve independent regulation between frequency bands and has a greater octave coverage capability. In addition, the solution of the embodiment of the present application can make full use of the aperture surface of the antenna to maximize the aperture efficiency.

[0166] The above embodiment is described by taking the balanced toe-toed Vivaldi antenna as an example, which is only an illustration. In fact, the solution of the embodiment of the present application is also applicable to other types of antennas, which will be explained below.

[0167] Fig.43 The partial structure of the antenna unit 33 of the fourth embodiment is shown, and the antenna unit 33 may be a toe-toed Vivaldi antenna. Fig.43 As shown, the antenna unit 33 includes a dielectric substrate 34 , a first radiation arm 35 , an antenna branch 36 , a switch 36 k , a second radiation arm 37 , an inductor 38 , a switch signal line 39 , a switch signal line 40 and an inductor 41 .

[0168] like Fig.43 As shown, the dielectric substrate 34 has a surface 34a and a surface 34b opposite to each other, the first radiating arm 35 can be arranged on the surface 34a, and the second radiating arm 37 can be arranged on the surface 34b. The first radiating arm 35 and the second radiating arm 37 can be approximately fan-shaped. The antenna branch 36 can be, for example, on the same surface as the second radiating arm 37, and one end (for example Fig.43 The right end in FIG. 1 is connected to the second radiating arm 37, and the other end (eg Fig.43The left end in FIG. 3 (left end in FIG. 3 ) can be connected to the first radiating arm 35 through a conductive through hole (or a conductive column) on the dielectric substrate 34. Schematically, the antenna branch 36 can be a microstrip line, and the first radiating arm 35 serves as the ground of the antenna branch 36. The antenna branch 36 is connected in series with the switch 36k, and the antenna branch 36 is electrically connected to the first radiating arm 35 and the second radiating arm 37 through the switch 36k.

[0169] like Fig.43 As shown, the switch signal line 40, the inductor 41 and the first radiation arm 35 are connected in series, the switch signal line 40 can be connected to a DC driving source, and the inductor 41 has the function of isolating the AC and passing the DC. The switch signal line 39, the inductor 38 and the second radiation arm 37 are connected in series, the switch signal line 39 can be connected to a DC driving source, and the inductor 38 has the function of isolating the AC and passing the DC.

[0170] Thus, the switch 36k is electrically connected to the DC drive source through the switch signal line 40 and the switch signal line 39, etc., the first radiation arm 35 can be at a high potential, and the second radiation arm 37 can be at a low potential, thereby realizing the driving of the switch 36k. Schematically, the switch 36k can be a PIN diode, and its on-voltage can be, for example, 1.33V to 1.45V, and its off-voltage can be, for example, 0V. Correspondingly, the switch signal line 40 and the switch signal line 39 can be DC bias lines. Through the above-mentioned switching circuit, the DC voltage signal of the DC drive source can be transmitted to the switch 36k to realize the switch state control of the switch 36k. When the switch 36k is turned on, the antenna branch 36 can work; when the switch 36k is turned off, the antenna branch 36 does not work. The design of connecting the switch signal line 40 to the first radiation arm 35 through the inductor 41 and connecting the switch signal line 39 to the second radiation arm 37 through the inductor 38 is relatively simple and easy to implement. In other embodiments, the switch signal line 40 and the switch signal line 39 may be directly connected to the antenna branch 36 or directly connected to the switch 36 k as needed.

[0171] In the fourth embodiment, the inductor 41 and the inductor 38 can pass the DC voltage signal and block the AC RF signal on the radiating arm, thereby preventing the AC RF signal from affecting the DC driving source. In other embodiments, the inductor can also be eliminated according to product requirements.

[0172] The scheme of the fourth embodiment can realize single-frequency selection by connecting the antenna branch to the radiating arm and controlling the on-off state of the switch loaded inside the antenna branch. It can be understood that by flexibly designing the structure of the antenna branch and the position of the switch, dual-frequency selection, triple-frequency selection, etc. can also be realized. By forming a tightly coupled array, the antenna unit of the fourth embodiment can also have an ultra-wideband working mode. The scheme of the fourth embodiment also has other effects of the above-mentioned embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0173] Fig.44 The partial structure of the antenna unit 43 in an implementation manner of the fifth embodiment is shown, and the antenna unit 43 may be a conventional Vivaldi antenna. Fig.44 As shown, the antenna unit 43 may include a dielectric substrate 44, a first radiating arm 451, an antenna branch 46, a switch 46k, a second radiating arm 452, an inductor 47, a switch signal line 48, a feeding structure 453, a DC blocking capacitor 49, an inductor 50 and a switch signal line 51.

[0174] like Fig.44 As shown, the dielectric substrate 44 has a relative surface 44a and a surface 44b. The first radiation arm 451, the second radiation arm 452 and the feeding structure 453 can be arranged on the surface 44a. The feeding structure 453 feeds the first radiation arm 451 and the second radiation arm 452 through coupling, and the electromagnetic wave signal is radiated through the open slot between the first radiation arm 451 and the second radiation arm 452. A DC blocking capacitor 49 can be connected between the first radiation arm 451 and the second radiation arm 452. Schematically, a groove can be etched at the lower connection of the first radiation arm 451 and the second radiation arm 452, and the DC blocking capacitor 49 is welded inside the groove. The DC blocking capacitor 49 can ensure that the first radiation arm 451 and the second radiation arm 452 are disconnected in direct current and connected in alternating current. The capacitance of the DC blocking capacitor 49 can be designed as needed. In other embodiments, the DC blocking capacitor 49 may not be provided according to product requirements. The antenna branch 46 may be disposed on the surface 44b, and the opposite ends of the antenna branch 46 may be connected to the first radiation arm 451 and the second radiation arm 452 respectively through the conductive vias (or conductive posts) on the dielectric substrate 44. Schematically, the antenna branch 46 may be a microstrip line, and the second radiation arm 452 serves as the ground of the antenna branch 46. The antenna branch 46 is connected in series with the switch 46k, and the antenna branch 46 is electrically connected to the first radiation arm 451 and the second radiation arm 452 through the switch 46k.

[0175] like Fig.44 As shown, the switch signal line 51, the inductor 50 and the first radiation arm 451 are connected in series, the switch signal line 51 can be connected to a DC driving source, and the inductor 50 has the function of isolating the AC and passing the DC. The switch signal line 48, the inductor 47 and the second radiation arm 452 are connected in series, the switch signal line 48 can be connected to a DC driving source, and the inductor 47 has the function of isolating the AC and passing the DC.

[0176] Thus, the switch 46k is electrically connected to the DC drive source through the switch signal line 51 and the switch signal line 48, etc., the first radiation arm 451 can be at a high potential, and the second radiation arm 452 can be at a low potential, thereby realizing the driving of the switch 46k. Schematically, the switch 46k can be a PIN diode, and its on-voltage can be, for example, 1.33V to 1.45V, and its off-voltage can be, for example, 0V. Correspondingly, the switch signal line 51 and the switch signal line 48 can be DC bias lines. Through the above-mentioned switching circuit, the DC voltage signal of the DC drive source can be transmitted to the switch 46k to realize the switch state control of the switch 46k. When the switch 46k is turned on, the antenna branch 46 can work; when the switch 46k is turned off, the antenna branch 46 does not work. The design of connecting the switch signal line 51 to the first radiation arm 451 through the inductor 50 and connecting the switch signal line 48 to the second radiation arm 452 through the inductor 47 is relatively simple and easy to implement. In other embodiments, the switch signal line 51 and the switch signal line 48 may be directly connected to the antenna branch 46 or directly connected to the switch 46 k as needed.

[0177] In the fourth embodiment, the inductor 50 and the inductor 47 can pass the DC voltage signal and block the AC RF signal on the radiating arm, thereby preventing the AC RF signal from affecting the DC driving source. In other embodiments, the inductor can also be eliminated according to product requirements.

[0178] Fig.45 FIG. 4 illustrates a partial structure of an antenna unit 43 in another implementation manner of the fifth embodiment. Fig.45 The antenna unit 43 in FIG. 4 is a conventional Vivaldi antenna. Fig.44 The difference shown is that Fig.45 A plurality of slots may be provided on the first radiation arm 451 and the second radiation arm 452 of the antenna unit 43 to improve gain.

[0179] Fig.46 FIG. 5 illustrates a partial structure of an antenna unit 53 in an implementation manner of the sixth embodiment. The antenna unit 53 may be a monopole antenna. Fig.46As shown, the antenna unit 53 may include a ground 54, a radiation unit 55 (the straight part is a feeding structure, and the fan-shaped part is a radiation arm), an antenna branch 60, a switch 60k, a short-circuit capacitor 59, a switch signal line 58, an inductor 56, and a switch signal line 57. Among them, one end of the antenna branch 60 can be connected to the radiation unit 55, for example, it can be connected to the feeding structure of the radiation unit 55; the other end of the antenna branch 60 can be connected to the ground 54 through the short-circuit capacitor 59. The antenna branch 60 can be connected in series with the switch 60k. The switch signal line 58 can be connected to the antenna branch 60. The switch signal line 57, the inductor 56, and the ground 54 can be connected in series. The switch signal line 58 and the switch signal line 57 can be connected to a DC drive source, for example, the switch signal line 58 can be connected to the positive electrode of the DC drive source, and the switch signal line 57 can be connected to the negative electrode of the DC drive source. Therefore, by passing different DC voltages through the switch signal line 58 and the switch signal line 57, the control of the switch 60k can be achieved.

[0180] Schematically, the switch 60k can be a PIN diode, and its on-voltage can be, for example, 1.33V to 1.45V, and its off-voltage can be, for example, 0V. Correspondingly, the switch signal line 58 and the switch signal line 57 can be DC bias lines. Through the above-mentioned switching circuit, the DC voltage signal of the DC drive source can be transmitted to the switch 60k to realize the switch state control of the switch 60k. When the switch 60k is turned on, the antenna branch 60 can work; when the switch 60k is turned off, the antenna branch 60 does not work. The inductor 56 can block the AC RF signal through the DC voltage signal, thereby preventing the AC RF signal from affecting the DC drive source. In other embodiments, the inductor can also be eliminated according to product requirements. The design of connecting the switch signal line 58 to the antenna branch 60 and connecting the switch signal line 57 to the ground 54 through the inductor 56 is relatively simple and easy to implement. In other embodiments, the switch signal line 58 and the switch signal line 57 can also be directly connected to the antenna branch 60 or directly connected to the switch 60k as needed.

[0181] Fig.47 FIG. 4 illustrates a partial structure of an antenna unit 53 in another implementation manner of the sixth embodiment. Fig.47 The antenna unit 53 in is also a monopole antenna, but Fig.47 The radiation unit 55 and Fig.46 The structure of the radiation unit 55 in is different. Fig.47 The antenna unit 53 may have Fig.46 The different directional patterns of the antenna units can meet product needs.

[0182] Fig.48 FIG. 4 illustrates a partial structure of the antenna unit 63 of the seventh embodiment. The antenna unit 63 may be a dipole antenna. Fig.48As shown, the antenna unit 63 may include a ground 64, a first radiation unit 65 (the vertical line portion is a feeding structure, and the horizontal line portion is a radiation arm), a second radiation unit 66 (the vertical line portion is a feeding structure, and the horizontal line portion is a radiation arm), an inductor 67, a switch signal line 68, an antenna branch 71, a switch 71k, a short-circuit capacitor 70, and a switch signal line 69. Among them, one end of the antenna branch 71 can be connected to the second radiation unit 66, for example, it can be connected to the feeding structure of the radiation unit 66; the other end of the antenna branch 71 can be connected to the ground 64 through the short-circuit capacitor 70. The antenna branch 71 can be connected in series with the switch 71k. The switch signal line 69 can be connected to the antenna branch 71. The switch signal line 68, the inductor 67, and the ground 64 can be connected in series. The switch signal line 69 and the switch signal line 68 can be connected to a DC drive source, for example, the switch signal line 69 can be connected to the positive electrode of the DC drive source, and the switch signal line 68 can be connected to the negative electrode of the DC drive source. Therefore, by passing different DC voltages through the switch signal line 69 and the switch signal line 68, the switch 71k can be controlled.

[0183] Schematically, the switch 71k can be a PIN diode, and its on-voltage can be, for example, 1.33V to 1.45V, and its off-voltage can be, for example, 0V. Correspondingly, the switch signal line 69 and the switch signal line 68 can be DC bias lines. Through the above-mentioned switching circuit, the DC voltage signal of the DC drive source can be transmitted to the switch 71k to realize the switch state control of the switch 71k. When the switch 71k is turned on, the antenna branch 71 can work; when the switch 71k is turned off, the antenna branch 71 does not work. The inductor 67 can block the AC RF signal through the DC voltage signal, thereby preventing the AC RF signal from affecting the DC drive source. In other embodiments, the inductor can also be eliminated according to product requirements. The design of connecting the switch signal line 69 to the antenna branch 71 and connecting the switch signal line 68 to the ground 64 through the inductor 67 is relatively simple and easy to implement. In other embodiments, the switch signal line 69 and the switch signal line 68 can also be directly connected to the antenna branch 71 or directly connected to the switch 71k as needed.

[0184] It is understandable that the solution of the embodiment of the present application can also be applied to dipole antennas of other structures, not limited to Fig.48 shown.

[0185] In the embodiment of the present application, single-frequency / dual-frequency / multi-frequency frequency selection is realized by integrating antenna branches. Compared with conventional solutions (such as superposition of different-frequency arrays), the problem of large low-frequency size can be effectively avoided, and the space utilization and aperture efficiency of the antenna are improved. In addition, compared with the conventional traveling wave antenna loading reconfigurable bandpass slot solution, the solution of the embodiment of the present application can achieve single-frequency / dual-frequency / multi-frequency frequency selection performance within a large octave.

[0186] In the embodiment of the present application, in order to achieve tuning in a small range near the frequency selection frequency point, a capacitive adjustment device can be loaded on the antenna branch. The capacitive adjustment device can be set based on the solution of any of the above embodiments. The Vivaldi antenna will be used as an example for explanation below.

[0187] like Fig.49 and Fig.50 As shown, the antenna unit in the seventh embodiment is, for example, a Vivaldi antenna, and the antenna branch 81 can be connected to the first radiation arm 291 and the second radiation arm 251 through switches 83k1, 83k2, 83k4, and 83k5. Schematically, the antenna branch 81 can be a microstrip line, and the second radiation arm 251 serves as the ground of the antenna branch 81. Through the above switches, two current paths can be constructed on the antenna branch 81, wherein Fig.49 A solid line with an arrowhead is used to represent path 1. Fig.50 The solid line with arrows represents path 2. A capacitance adjustment device 80 and a capacitance adjustment device 82 may also be provided on the antenna branch 81. The capacitance adjustment device 80 and the capacitance adjustment device 82 may be located on different current paths, respectively. For example, the capacitance adjustment device 80 may be located on path 1, and the capacitance adjustment device 82 may be located on path 2. The capacitance adjustment device 80 and the capacitance adjustment device 82 are both connected in series with the antenna branch 81. The capacitance adjustment device 80 and the capacitance adjustment device 82 are respectively connected in series with switches on their respective current paths. For example, the capacitance adjustment device 80 may be connected in series with switch 83k1 and switch 83k3, and the capacitance adjustment device 82 may be connected in series with switch 83k1 and switch 83k4.

[0188] Illustratively, the capacitance adjustment device 80 and the capacitance adjustment device 82 may be devices capable of adjusting capacitance, such as varactor diodes and adjustable capacitors. The capacitance adjustment device 80 and the capacitance adjustment device 82 may be of the same type, such as varactor diodes, or may be different. The capacitance values ​​of the capacitance adjustment device 80 and the capacitance adjustment device 82 may be determined as required.

[0189] refer to Fig.49 As shown, schematically, when path 1 is turned on, the current on path 1 can pass through switch 83k1 and switch 83k3 to reach the capacitor adjustment device 80, and the antenna unit can resonate at a frequency of 4 GHz, that is, a frequency selection of 4 GHz is achieved. Fig.51 As shown, the antenna unit has a good forward radiation pattern at this time. By controlling the change of the voltage across the capacitor adjustment device 80, the capacitance of the capacitor adjustment device 80 can be changed, so that the antenna unit can be tuned in a small range of frequencies around 4 GHz, such as Fig.52 As shown, for example, the tuning range may be 3.8 GHz to 4.6 GHz, and the relative bandwidth is 19%.

[0190] refer to Fig.50 As shown, schematically, when path 2 is turned on, the current on path 2 can pass through switch 83k1 and switch 83k4 to reach the capacitor adjustment device 82, and the antenna unit can resonate at 6.8 GHz, that is, the frequency selection of 6.8 GHz is achieved. Fig.53 As shown, the antenna unit has a good forward radiation pattern at this time. By controlling the change of the voltage across the capacitor adjustment device 82, the capacitance of the capacitor adjustment device 82 can be changed, so that the antenna unit can be tuned in a small range of frequencies around 6.8 GHz, such as Fig.54 As shown, for example, the tuning range may be 6.7 GHz to 7 GHz, and the relative bandwidth is 6%.

[0191] The solution of embodiment 7 is to load switches and capacitor adjustment devices in antenna branches of different paths, and change the capacitance of the capacitor adjustment device on the path when the switch on the path is turned on, so as to achieve tuning in a small range near the frequency selection point. The coordinated use of switches and capacitor adjustment devices enables the antenna to have richer and more flexible reconstruction capabilities, and can be applied to application scenarios in more complex environments.

[0192] The scheme of Example 7 has the following advantages compared with conventional schemes (such as reconfigurable unit technology that connects or disconnects the radiation arm by switching a switch, traveling wave antennas loaded with bandpass resonant slots, and pixel antennas that achieve different operating frequency bands by selecting different current paths): 1. While achieving antenna operating frequency switching, the antenna size can be kept unchanged, and the frequency coverage range is wide, for example, it can be greater than or equal to 6 times the frequency band; 2. On the basis of achieving frequency selection, it can have the performance of frequency tuning within a small range, and has more flexible and rich reconstruction capabilities; 3. It can maximize aperture utilization and make rational use of resources.

[0193] The above is a detailed introduction to the embodiments of the present application. Specific examples are used herein to illustrate the principles and embodiments of the present application. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and core ideas of the present application; at the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the ideas of the present application, there will be changes in the specific embodiments and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present application.

Claims

1. An antenna unit, characterized in that: It includes a radiation unit, an antenna branch, a switch and a switch circuit; The antenna branch is connected in series with the switch, the antenna branch is electrically connected to the radiation unit through the switch, the antenna branch and the radiation unit form a parallel resonant circuit, and one end of the antenna branch is grounded; The switch circuit is electrically connected to the switch, and the switch circuit is used to control the state of the switch.

2. The antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that The radiation unit comprises a radiation arm and a feeding structure, wherein the radiation arm is connected to the feeding structure; and the antenna branch is connected to the radiation arm or the feeding structure through the switch.

3. The antenna unit according to claim 2, characterized in that The antenna unit comprises a Vivaldi antenna, the radiating arm of the Vivaldi antenna comprises a first radiating arm and a second radiating arm, and a gradient opening is formed between the first radiating arm and the second radiating arm; The antenna branch is located in the area where the first radiation arm and / or the second radiation arm are located; The antenna branch is connected to the first radiation arm and the second radiation arm through the switch, and the first radiation arm or the second radiation arm serves as a ground of the antenna branch.

4. The antenna unit according to claim 3, characterized in that The antenna branches have no bifurcations and extend along a single trajectory.

5. The antenna unit according to claim 3, characterized in that: The antenna branch is an integrated structure, the antenna branch is bifurcated and extends along a plurality of tracks; the antenna unit comprises a plurality of switches, each of which is connected in series with the antenna branch and is located on one of the tracks.

6. The antenna unit according to claim 5, characterized in that Each of the tracks is provided with one switch or a plurality of switches spaced apart from each other.

7. The antenna unit according to claim 3, characterized in that: The radiating arm of the Vivaldi antenna further includes a third radiating arm, and the third radiating arm and the second radiating arm are located on the same side of the gradient opening; The antenna unit comprises a plurality of antenna branches, a plurality of switches and a plurality of switch circuits, each of the antenna branches is unbranched and extends along a single track, each of the antenna branches is connected in series with a switch, and each of the switch circuits is electrically connected to a corresponding switch; At least one of the antenna branches is located in the area where the first radiation arm and / or the second radiation arm are located, and the antenna branches located in the area where the first radiation arm and / or the second radiation arm are located are connected to the first radiation arm and the second radiation arm through their respective switches connected in series, and use the first radiation arm or the second radiation arm as a ground; At least one of the antenna branches is located in the area where the first radiation arm and / or the third radiation arm are located, and the antenna branches located in the area where the first radiation arm and / or the third radiation arm are located are connected to the first radiation arm and the third radiation arm through their respective switches connected in series, and all use the first radiation arm or the third radiation arm as the ground.

8. The antenna unit according to claim 7, characterized in that: The antenna unit comprises two antenna branches connecting the first radiation arm and the second radiation arm, and the positive and negative poles of two switches on the two antenna branches connecting the first radiation arm and the second radiation arm are in opposite positions; The switch circuit includes a first switch circuit and a second switch circuit, the first switch circuit is electrically connected to the first radiation arm, and the second switch circuit is electrically connected to the second radiation arm; the first switch circuit, one of the two switches, and the second switch circuit are located in a first loop; the first switch circuit, the other of the two switches, and the second switch circuit are located in a second loop.

9. The antenna unit according to claim 8, characterized in that The antenna unit includes a third switch circuit, the third switch circuit is electrically connected to the third radiation arm, and the first switch circuit, the switch on the antenna branch connecting the first radiation arm and the third radiation arm, and the third switch circuit are located in a third loop.

10. The antenna unit according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that: The feeding structure of the first radiation arm is grounded, and the feeding structure of the first radiation arm is connected to the first switch circuit via a DC blocking capacitor; And / or, the feeding structure of the second radiation arm is grounded, and the feeding structure of the second radiation arm is connected to the second switch circuit via a DC blocking capacitor.

11. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that: The second radiating arm is connected to the feeding structure of the second radiating arm through a DC blocking capacitor.

12. The antenna unit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The antenna unit comprises a monopole antenna, and the antenna branch is connected to the radiation arm of the monopole antenna through the switch; Alternatively, the antenna unit includes a dipole antenna, and the antenna branch is connected to one of the radiation arms of the dipole antenna through the switch.

13. A base station antenna, characterized in that: It comprises a floor and a plurality of antenna units, wherein the plurality of antenna units are arrayed on the floor, wherein the antenna unit is the antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

14. The base station antenna according to claim 13, characterized in that: The multiple antenna units form a tightly coupled array, and the distance between any two adjacent antenna units is less than 0.5 times the wavelength.

15. A base station, characterized in that: The base station antenna comprises any one of claims 1-14.

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