Assembly for inductively supplying energy using magnetisable concrete and use

Abstract

The invention relates to an assembly for inductively supplying energy using magnetisable concrete, said assembly being inductively supplied by means of the power transmission of a transmitting coil, said assembly being designed such that the transmitting coil is partially embedded in the magnetisable concrete, wherein the aggregate of the concrete consists of one or more soft magnetic materials, characterized in that the soft magnetic materials are contained in the magnetisable concrete in a proportion of at least 35 vol%, preferably 65 to 80 vol%. The invention also relates to a use of the assembly. By means of the present invention, it is possible to efficiently provide wireless power transmission to any type of stationary or moving electric vehicle or other equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to a component for inductively supplying energy using magnetizable concrete and its application, which describes a device and technical details for wirelessly transmitting power from a coil component placed on or under a floor or pavement or on a wall to provide energy, thereby propelling any type of stationary or mobile electric vehicle or equipment. Background Art

[0002] WO 2017 / 060387 A1 describes a device for inductively supplying energy to an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle, which transmits energy from a primary coil integrated into the road to a secondary coil in the vehicle to be powered in a contactless and inductive manner. Summary of the invention

[0003] It is an object of the present invention to provide an assembly that can efficiently provide wireless power transfer to any type of electric vehicle or other device, whether stationary or moving.

[0004] This object is achieved by means of an arrangement according to the invention for the inductive supply of energy using magnetizable concrete and its use.

[0005] The invention provides a component for inductively supplying energy using magnetizable concrete, the component supplying energy inductively by power transmission of a transmitter coil, the component being designed such that the transmitter coil is embedded in the magnetizable concrete, wherein aggregates of the magnetizable concrete consist of one or more soft magnetic materials, characterised in that the transmitter coil is partially embedded in the magnetizable concrete, the soft magnetic material being contained in the magnetizable concrete in a proportion of at least 35% by volume, preferably 65% ​​to 80% by volume.

[0006] Compared with the prior art that limits the weight percentage of ferromagnetic materials in magnetizable concrete, the present invention limits the volume percentage of soft magnetic materials in magnetizable concrete, thereby increasing magnetic permeability and reducing magnetic loss, thereby efficiently providing wireless power transmission to any type of stationary or mobile electric vehicles or other equipment.

[0007] The soft magnetic material as aggregate particles must be sufficiently packed together to occupy at least 35% of the total volume of the concrete, but preferably 65% ​​to 80% of the total volume of the concrete. When the concrete has these three volume percentages of soft magnetic material, it has high magnetic permeability values ​​of 10, 70 and greater than 140 respectively.

[0008] This high volume percentage of soft magnetic material allows magnetizable concrete to have the optimal magnetic properties required for high energy transfer. In tests, when the volume percentage of soft ferrite material in concrete was 65% and the losses were less than 15kW / m 3 When the magnetic permeability of the concrete is 70.

[0009] The transmitting coil according to the invention is embedded in concrete with a high magnetic permeability. The transmitting coil can be formed by a hollow tube. The hollow tube is preferably made of copper, but aluminum or other conductive metals can also be used. The transmitting coil can also be made of Litz wire, which is directly embedded in the magnetizable concrete or placed in a plastic tube embedded in the magnetizable concrete.

[0010] The wall thickness of the tube used for the transmitting coil should be higher than the skin depth and can be the closest commercially available pipe / tube thickness. Skin depth is a technical term that describes the depth at which the current density in a conductor decreases to 1 / e (e is the natural base e=2.71828183) of the current density on the surface of the conductor cross section. For thick solid conductors (thick copper wire), the charge flows down along the surface of the wire. The skin depth varies depending on the frequency of the current. For example, for copper, the skin depth is 9mm when the frequency is 50Hz. At a frequency of 85kHz, its skin depth is 0.22mm.

[0011] The electric vehicle or other device to be charged has a receiving coil that is designed to be compatible with the transmitting coil and provides energy for directly powering the device, or it can also charge a battery or provide energy to other types of elements (such as capacitors) that can store energy. The other device can receive energy while working in a static position, or dynamically receive energy while moving. The component for inductively supplying energy according to the present invention can provide energy to electrical devices, robots, drones, electric aircraft, forklifts, construction equipment, loading and unloading equipment, passenger cars, airplanes, scooters, electric and / or hybrid vehicles, bicycles, etc. in practice. Such a component can also be installed vertically to provide energy to electrical appliances, equipment, electric boats and other types of vessels or equipment that may require other charging locations.

[0012] In this case, the transmitting coil and the receiving coil themselves must be flat and in mutually parallel planes. This means that the transmitting coil according to the invention should remain flat and in a plane parallel to the road surface when installed horizontally and in a plane parallel to the wall surface when installed vertically.

[0013] Preferably, the road surface is capable of supporting a vehicle traveling on the road surface and of charging the vehicle statically or dynamically.

[0014] Preferably, the wall surface is designed so that a receiving coil in a device to be charged can be placed parallel to the wall surface, and the component can provide energy to the device statically or dynamically.

[0015] According to the present invention, the transmitting coil may be embedded on the outer surface of the magnetizable concrete, which is pre-laid under the road surface, on the road surface, on the floor surface, or on the wall surface.

[0016] Preferably, the transmitting coil is embedded in a slab prefabricated from magnetizable concrete, which is transported and placed on top of the substrate of the road surface or wall surface, or in a trench so that it is flush with the road surface / floor surface after the road / floor surface is completed, or at a certain depth below the floor surface (ideally less than 150 mm).

[0017] According to the invention, the transmitter coil is embedded in the magnetizable concrete to a depth equal to 5% to 80% of the cross-sectional diameter of the transmitter coil.

[0018] Furthermore, the assembly is placed on the road surface or the wall surface, or flush with the road surface or the wall surface, or placed at a position where the depth below the road surface or the wall surface does not exceed 150 mm.

[0019] When the transmitting coil is installed vertically below the wall surface, the transmitting coil may be closer to the final wall surface.

[0020] The transmitting coil according to the invention can also be prefabricated as a transportable panel, wherein the transmitting coil is embedded in a prefabricated concrete unit. The transportable panel can be placed on any suitable surface, such as compacted soil, aggregate base, concrete or asphalt mixture, before the ground is completed. The surface of the bottom of the road surface can be compacted soil, aggregate base or asphalt mixture. It should be noted that when the coil is prefabricated with magnetizable concrete, the formed unit should be provided with a casing for protection.

[0021] The magnetizable concrete, the geometry of the transmitter coil, and its placement are designed to maximize power transfer efficiency while minimizing losses and stray fields that could affect communications or health devices. Using a magnetizable material with an embedded transmitter coil focuses the magnetic field onto the receiver due to controlled stray electromagnetic emissions.

[0022] The magnetizable concrete according to the invention has an initial magnetic permeability of 50 to 100, preferably at least 75.

[0023] Magnetic permeability is a value that characterizes how easily ferrite particles are magnetized when an electric current flows through them. Saturation is the maximum strength of magnetic flux that can be generated when an electric current flows through it, where magnetic flux is measured in Tesla (T). Losses are described as the electrical energy that is converted into heat rather than magnetic field by the coil, which is measured in kilowatts per cubic meter of magnetizable concrete, where losses are measured at a specific frequency of 50 kHz and a magnetic flux of 50 millitesla.

[0024] According to the invention, magnetizable concrete contains one or more soft magnetic material particles of different sizes, such as soft ferrites, nanocrystalline metals, amorphous metals or metal powders. These particles are incorporated into a mixture of cementitious materials, such as Portland cement, gypsum, lime and other inorganic components. To prepare magnetizable concrete, the ferrite particles are crushed into several sizes, which, once mixed with the cementitious material, are compacted using conventional compaction methods.

[0025] According to the present invention, the transmitting coil itself is connected to a high-frequency power source and thereby generates a magnetic field, which transmits energy to a receiving coil arranged in the device to be charged, and the receiving coil then charges the device to be charged.

[0026] The transmitting coil may also be wound on a magnetizable substrate to form a solenoid, the solenoid-shaped transmitting coil being made of a conductive metal such as copper or aluminum. The transmitting coil may also be made of copper Litz wire so as to be wound on a magnetizable substrate to form a solenoid. When Litz wire is used, the winding may include placing a plastic tube during the curing process so as to feed the Litz wire after the magnetizable concrete hardens, wherein the plastic tube may be embedded in the magnetizable concrete as required by the magnetic design.

[0027] The transmitting coil is covered with an insulating sheath whose insulation performance meets the requirements of the dielectric withstand voltage test. In order to minimize aging and degradation of electrical insulation, the insulating sheath must have high dielectric strength both in high frequencies and when subjected to large temperature changes. The insulation must comply with the electrical safety hipot test, where hipot is an abbreviation for high potential, which is a measure of the electrical insulation ability of a material to resist current under high voltage (high potential).

[0028] The material of the insulating sheath may be selected from the group consisting of polyolefins, EPDM or silicone rubber materials, which provide protection against degradation when in contact with concrete, which is usually alkaline. Here, the insulating sheath is made in one of the following ways: by heat shrink sleeve, protective dip bath, glazing process, wrapping insulating tape, or dip-baked varnish process.

[0029] The transmitting coil is wound from the inside to the outside to form a winding, and the winding cooperates with the receiving coil in the following manner, that is, the interval between each winding turn and the number of turns are defined, and the winding is arranged so that each winding turn of the winding is parallel to each other.

[0030] For the coil to operate correctly, the different winding turns of the winding pattern must remain parallel within tolerances. The coil winding of the transmitter coil must be specifically designed to be compatible with the receiver coil, which is achieved by defining the spacing between the turns and the number of turns.

[0031] The two ends of the transmitting coil are parallel to each other at the end in the following manner, that is, the inner end of the transmitting coil crosses the winding turns through a bridge at the upper or lower part of each winding turn to reach the outer side of the transmitting coil, so that the top or bottom of the transmitting coil is flat, and the bridge is arranged at the upper or lower part of the transmitting coil. When the transmitting coil is embedded in the magnetizable concrete, the bridge can be immersed in the magnetizable concrete to keep the top of the entire transmitting coil flat.

[0032] To protect the transmitting coils and the bridge from the elements or traffic, each transmitting coil and bridge is covered with a protective layer. The protective layer may be made of the same or different (non-magnetizable) concrete or other non-magnetic electrically insulating material, such as Portland cement, gypsum, mortar, concrete, polymer, concrete / composite, ceramic or plastic bricks or other similar materials. A non-conductive ordinary floor covering may be used on top, the thickness of the protective layer being such that it provides sufficient electrical insulation while not hindering the heat flow from the windings to the magnetizable concrete. For installation on the road / floor, the thickness of the protective layer is at least 50 mm, preferably 75 mm, and in particular in the range of 100 mm to 150 mm. When installed vertically, the coils must also be protected from exposure to the elements, and the coils have a protective layer with a thickness of at least 25 mm, preferably in the range of 50 mm to 100 mm.

[0033] The material of the protective layer can be any type of material excluding ferrous materials for reinforcement. On top of this protective layer any type of floor finish can be provided such as pavement, tiles or any other type depending on the intended use.

[0034] The transmitting coil according to the present invention is mobile and can be transported on a vehicle. The transmitting coil can be used in the field to provide off-road power to other vehicles, industrial, agricultural and mining equipment, and to power energy storage or generator systems such as batteries, capacitors, thermal or mechanical systems.

[0035] A charging device with a transmitting coil can be portable and can be used at any location to power a vehicle or device that may need charging. Such a portable device can be used to power a vehicle or device that is stranded or located in a place that is difficult to charge. Such a device requires combining an energy source such as a generator or supercapacitor on a transportable platform. Thus, such a device can be transported to a vehicle whose battery storage capacity is exhausted, or to provide energy to farms or mining equipment in remote areas.

[0036] The invention also relates to the use of the above-mentioned component for inductive energy supply using magnetizable concrete, which component is used for static or dynamic charging of batteries in electric and / or hybrid vehicles, electric devices, robots, aircraft, electric ships, or the component is used for direct propulsion of electric and / or hybrid vehicles, electric devices, robots, aircraft, electric ships. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] The present invention is further illustrated below with reference to the description of the preferred embodiments of the present application in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0038] Figure 1 shows a cross section of a magnetizable concrete showing a binder and a soft magnetic material; Figure 2 The volume percentage (horizontal axis), relative magnetic permeability (left vertical axis) and magnetic loss (kW / m 3 )(right vertical axis); Figure 3 shows a cross section of a transmitting coil with an insulating sheath and a protective layer; Figure 4A A perspective view showing a transmitting coil according to the invention which is to be partially embedded in magnetizable concrete; Figure 4B A top view of a transmitting coil according to the invention which is to be partially embedded in magnetizable concrete; Figure 4C A side view and a partially cutaway view of a transmitting coil according to the invention which is to be partially embedded in magnetizable concrete; Figure 5A A perspective view showing an assembly for inductively supplying energy using magnetizable concrete according to a first embodiment of the invention, which assembly can be arranged under a floor, a road or in a wall; Figure 5B A perspective view showing an assembly for inductively supplying energy using magnetizable concrete according to a second embodiment of the invention, which assembly can be arranged on top of a floor, a road or outside a wall; Figure 5CA perspective view showing an assembly for inductively supplying energy using magnetizable concrete according to a third embodiment of the invention, wherein the assembly can be cast on site; Figure 6 A schematic diagram showing electromagnetic radiation of an assembly according to the present invention; Figure 7 A schematic diagram showing that when the assembly according to the present invention is horizontally installed in a road, its transmission coil cooperates with the receiving coil to transmit energy; Figure 8 A schematic diagram is shown when the assembly according to the invention is installed vertically in a wall. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] Figure 1 The cross section of a magnetizable concrete 1 according to the invention is shown, which has a binder 2 and a soft magnetic material 3 surrounded by the binder 2 , which can be selected as aggregate, for example, from the group consisting of soft ferrites, nanocrystalline metals, amorphous metals and metal powders.

[0040] Figure 2 The volume percentage, relative magnetic permeability and magnetic loss (kW / m 3 ), where the lighter solid line shows the relationship between relative magnetic permeability and the volume percentage of soft magnetic material, and the darker solid line shows the relationship between magnetic losses and the volume percentage of soft magnetic material, thereby illustrating the performance of magnetizable concrete. In this figure, the horizontal axis shows that the volume percentage of soft magnetic material in the magnetizable concrete is between 50% and 75%. The vertical dot-dash line on the right side of the figure shows the magnetic permeation threshold. When this magnetic permeation threshold is exceeded, the magnetic properties are optimal for wireless charging applications because the magnetic permeability reaches a high level and the magnetic losses are at a low level. This allows the size of the transmitting plate to be reduced while also reducing energy transmission losses, and therefore also reducing the required energy and heat generation.

[0041] Figure 3 The figure shows a cross section of a transmitting coil, wherein reference numeral 17 denotes a protective layer of the transmitting coil and 14 denotes the road surface. It can be seen in the figure that the depth of the embedding of the transmitting coil in the magnetizable concrete 1 is in the range of 5% to 80% of the cross-sectional diameter of the transmitting coil. The transmitting coil is formed by a hollow tube 4, which can be made of copper, aluminum or other conductive metals. The hollow tube 4 is covered with an insulating sheath 5.

[0042] FIG. 4A to FIG. 4C The transmitting coil 7 according to the invention is shown to be partially embedded in magnetizable concrete. In this case, the transmitting coil 7 is made of a copper tube with an insulating sheath, which is wound into a parallel winding 8. Figure 4CIt can be seen that the end 9 of the transmitting coil ends in the same plane as the winding 8, wherein the end of the innermost winding turn of the winding 8 passes under the other windings to the outside, thereby forming a bridge 10 (see Figure 4C ).

[0043] Figure 5A An arrangement 6 for inductive energy supply using magnetizable concrete according to a first embodiment of the invention is shown, wherein a transmitter coil 7 is partially embedded in a slab prefabricated from magnetizable concrete 1. Here, the magnetizable concrete 1 is first cast to form a slab having a cutout suitable for accommodating the transmitter coil 7, and the transmitter coil is then inserted into the cutout. Finally, the slab with the transmitter coil is placed under a road surface 14, a floor surface or a wall surface 16, and the transmitter coil and the magnetizable concrete are covered with a protective layer 17, so that the surface of the protective layer is finally flush with the road surface, the floor surface or the wall surface.

[0044] Figure 5B A second exemplary embodiment of the invention is shown of an arrangement 6 for inductive energy supply using magnetizable concrete, wherein a transmitter coil 7 is partially embedded in a slab prefabricated from magnetizable concrete 1. In this case, the magnetizable concrete 1 is first cast to form a slab having a cutout suitable for accommodating the transmitter coil 7, and the transmitter coil is then inserted into the cutout. Finally, the slab with the transmitter coil is placed on a road surface 14 or a wall surface 16.

[0045] Figure 5C A component 6 for inductive energy supply according to a third embodiment of the invention is shown, wherein firstly magnetizable concrete 1 is laid on a road or wall substrate, then a transmitting coil 7 is embedded on the outer surface of the magnetizable concrete, and finally a protective layer 17 is covered thereon, the surface of which forms the road surface 14 or the wall surface 16.

[0046] Figure 6A schematic diagram of electromagnetic radiation of a transmitting coil according to the present invention is shown. As can be seen from the figure, the transmitting coil 7 is arranged in a depth position of 100 mm below the road surface 14. The figure is the result of modeling the electromagnetic radiation around the transmitting coil 7 and the receiving coil 11. In the figure, the circular dotted line 12 represents the distance of 1500 mm from the point on the ground just above the center of the transmitting coil, at which the electromagnetic radiation is measured. As can be seen from the accompanying figure, the contour 13 shows a position, outside which the radiation value is below the threshold limit of 21.21 μT, which is stipulated by ICNIRP (International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection), FCC (Federal Communications Commission) and CISPR (Comité International Spécial des Pertubations International Special Committee on Radio Interference).

[0047] Figure 7 The schematic diagram shows that when the assembly according to the present invention is horizontally installed in the road, its transmitting coil 7 and receiving coil 11 cooperate to transmit energy, wherein the transmitting coil 7 itself is connected to a high-frequency power source (not shown) and thereby generates a magnetic field 15, which transmits energy to the receiving coil 11 arranged in the device to be charged, and the receiving coil charges the device to be charged. Here, the transmitting coil 7 provides a magnetic field that is focused by means of magnetizable concrete. When the device or vehicle to be charged is in a suitable position, a current is induced in the receiving coil thereon, thereby completing the inductive supply of energy.

[0048] Figure 8 A schematic diagram showing a component according to the present invention when it is vertically mounted on a wall. Figure 7 The only difference is that the assembly is installed vertically in the wall.

[0049] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Therefore, any equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

[0050] Reference numerals list

Claims

1. A component for inductively supplying energy using magnetizable concrete, the component (6) supplying energy inductively by power transmission from a transmitter coil (7), the component (6) being designed such that the transmitter coil (7) is embedded in magnetizable concrete (1), wherein aggregates of the magnetizable concrete consist of one or more soft magnetic materials (3), characterized in that: The transmitting coil (7) is partially embedded in the magnetizable concrete (1), and the soft magnetic material (3) is contained in the magnetizable concrete (1) in a proportion of at least 35% by volume, preferably 65% ​​by volume to 80% by volume.

2. The assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that The transmitting coil is composed of a hollow tube (4) made of copper or other conductive materials.

3. The assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that The transmitting coil (7) is formed by a conductor, such as a Litz wire or the like, which is partially embedded in the magnetizable concrete (1).

4. The assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that The transmitting coil (7) is kept flat and is in a plane parallel to the road surface (14) when installed horizontally, and in a plane parallel to the wall surface (16) when installed vertically.

5. The assembly according to claim 4, characterized in that The road surface is capable of supporting a vehicle traveling on the road surface (14) and of charging the vehicle statically or dynamically.

6. The assembly according to claim 4, characterized in that The wall surface is designed so that a receiving coil in a device to be charged can be placed parallel to the wall surface (16), and the component can provide energy to the device statically or dynamically.

7. The assembly according to claim 4, characterized in that The transmitting coil (7) can be embedded in the magnetizable concrete (1), which is pre-arranged under the road surface, on the road surface, on the floor surface or on the wall surface.

8. The assembly according to claim 4, characterized in that The transmitting coil (7) can be embedded in a slab prefabricated from the magnetizable concrete (1), which can then be placed on a substrate of the road surface or wall surface, or can be placed in a groove under the road surface.

9. The assembly according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that The depth at which the transmitting coil (7) is embedded in the magnetizable concrete (1) is equal to 5% to 80% of the cross-sectional diameter of the transmitting coil.

10. The assembly according to claim 4, characterized in that The component (6) is located on the road surface or the wall surface, or is flush with the road surface or the wall surface, or is placed at a position where the depth below the road surface or the wall surface does not exceed 150 mm.

11. Assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that The magnetizable concrete (1) has an initial magnetic permeability of 50 to 100, preferably at least 75.

12. Assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that The soft magnetic material (3) is selected from the group consisting of soft ferrite, nanocrystalline metal, amorphous metal and metal powder.

13. Assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that The transmitting coil (7) is itself connected to a high-frequency power source and thereby generates a magnetic field (15), which transmits energy to a receiving coil (11) arranged in the device to be charged, and the receiving coil then charges the device to be charged.

14. The assembly according to claim 2, characterized in that The transmitting coil (7) is wound on a magnetizable substrate to form a solenoid, and the transmitting coil in the form of a solenoid is made of a conductive metal such as copper or aluminum.

15. Assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that The transmitting coil is sheathed with an insulating sheath (5), and the insulating performance of the insulating sheath meets the requirements of a dielectric withstand voltage test.

16. The assembly according to claim 15, characterized in that The insulating sheath (5) is made of a material selected from polyolefin, EPDM rubber or silicone rubber material, and is made by one of the following methods: heat shrink sleeve, protective dipping, glazing process, wrapping with insulating tape, or dipping and baking varnish process.

17. Assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that The transmitting coil is wound from the inside to the outside to form a winding (8), which cooperates with a receiving coil (11) arranged in the device to be charged in the following manner, that is, the interval between each winding turn and the number of turns are limited, and the winding is arranged so that each winding turn of the winding is parallel to each other.

18. The assembly according to claim 17, characterized in that The two ends of the transmitting coil are parallel to each other at the end (9) in the following manner, that is, the inner end of the transmitting coil crosses these winding turns at the top or bottom of each winding turn through a bridge (10) to reach the outside of the transmitting coil, and the bridge is arranged at the top or bottom of the transmitting coil.

19. The assembly according to claim 18, characterized in that The transmitting coil (7) and the bridge (10) are both provided with a protective layer (17), and the protective layer uses the same or different non-magnetic electrically insulating material adhesive such as silicate cement, gypsum, mortar, concrete, polymer, ceramic or plastic bricks.

20. Assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that The transmitter coil is movable and transportable on a vehicle and can be used in the field to provide off-road power to other vehicles, industrial, agricultural and mining equipment, and to power energy storage or generator systems such as batteries, capacitors, thermal or mechanical systems.

21. Use of an assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that The component is used for statically or dynamically charging batteries in electric and / or hybrid vehicles, electric equipment, robots, aircraft, and electric ships, or the component is used for directly propelling electric and / or hybrid vehicles, electric equipment, robots, aircraft, and electric ships.

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