Failure prevention method, user database device, communication system and storage medium

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a failure prevention method, a user database device, a communication system and a storage medium. The failure prevention method comprises: switching a current working mode from a normal working mode to a sub-overload state working mode if a first trigger condition is met; sending a first mode switching notification message to a network element so that the network element adjusts services associated with the user database device to match the sub-overload state working mode.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of communications, and in particular to a fault prevention method, a user database device, a communication system, and a storage medium. Background Technology

[0002] In the event of a communication network failure, a large number of users will experience interruptions to their voice and SMS services. Once the communication network is restored, these users will need to reconnect to the network. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The inventors noted that in related technologies, a large number of users accessing the network can cause overload of HSS (Home Subscriber Server) or UDM (Unified Data Management) devices, leading to signaling storms. However, current 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) lacks preventative mechanisms and disaster recovery solutions for overload of HSS or UDM devices caused by large-scale registrations or re-registrations.

[0004] Accordingly, this disclosure provides a fault prevention solution that can effectively solve the overload problem of HSS or UDM equipment caused by a large number of registrations or re-registrations.

[0005] In a first aspect of this disclosure, a fault prevention method is provided, executed by a user database device, the method comprising: switching a current operating mode from a normal operating mode to a sub-overload operating mode when a first triggering condition is met; and sending a first mode switching notification message to a network element so that the network element adjusts the services associated with the user database device to match the sub-overload operating mode.

[0006] In some embodiments, the first triggering condition includes: a preset feature value is greater than a preset feature value threshold, and the duration for which the preset feature value is greater than the preset feature value threshold exceeds a preset duration threshold.

[0007] In some embodiments, a preset feature value greater than a preset feature value threshold includes at least one of the following: the instantaneous total number of visits is greater than the total number of visits threshold; a first ratio of the instantaneous repeated visits to the instantaneous total number of visits is greater than a first ratio threshold; a second ratio of the instantaneous total number of visits to the total number of visits at the previous moment is greater than a second ratio threshold; and a third ratio of the instantaneous load to the rated load is greater than a third ratio threshold.

[0008] In some embodiments, sending a first mode switching notification message to a network element includes: adding a first preset identifier bit to a preset notification message to generate the first mode switching notification message; and sending the first mode switching notification message to the network element.

[0009] In some embodiments, sending the first mode switching notification message to the network element includes: sending the first mode switching notification message to the network element via preset signaling.

[0010] In some embodiments, when the second triggering condition is met, the current operating mode is switched from the sub-overload operating mode to the normal operating mode; a second mode switching notification message is sent to the network element so that the network element adjusts the services associated with the user database device to match the normal operating mode.

[0011] In some embodiments, the second triggering condition includes: a preset feature value is not greater than a preset feature value threshold, and the duration for which the preset feature value is not greater than the preset feature value threshold exceeds a preset duration threshold.

[0012] In some embodiments, the preset characteristic value not being greater than a preset characteristic value threshold includes at least one of the following: the instantaneous total number of visits is not greater than a total number of visits threshold; the first ratio of the instantaneous repeated visits to the instantaneous total number of visits is not greater than a first ratio threshold; the second ratio of the instantaneous total number of visits to the total number of visits at the previous moment is not greater than a second ratio threshold; and the third ratio of the instantaneous load to the rated load is not greater than a third ratio threshold.

[0013] In some embodiments, sending a second mode switching notification message to a network element includes: adding a second preset identifier bit to a preset notification message to generate the second mode switching notification message; and sending the second mode switching notification message to the network element.

[0014] In some embodiments, sending the second mode switching notification message to the network element includes: sending the second mode switching notification message to the network element via preset signaling.

[0015] In some embodiments, the user database device includes a Home Server (HSS) or a Unified Data Management Device (UDM).

[0016] In some embodiments, the network element includes at least one of a routing agent node (DRA), an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) device, and a packet-switched PS domain device.

[0017] In a second aspect of this disclosure, a user database device is provided, comprising: a first processing module configured to switch a current operating mode from a normal operating mode to a sub-overload operating mode when a first triggering condition is met; and a second processing module configured to send a first mode switching notification message to a network element, so that the network element adjusts the services associated with the user database device to match the sub-overload operating mode.

[0018] In a third aspect of this disclosure, a user database device is provided, comprising: a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory, the processor being configured to execute instructions stored in the memory to implement the method as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0019] In a fourth aspect of this disclosure, a communication system is provided, comprising: a user database device as described in any of the preceding embodiments; and a network element configured to adjust services associated with the user database device to match the sub-overload operating mode based on a first mode switching notification message sent by the user database device.

[0020] In some embodiments, the network element is configured to extend the timeout determination period according to the requirements of the user database device or a preset agreement.

[0021] In some embodiments, the network element is configured to reduce unnecessary access requests to the user database device according to the requirements of the user database device or a preset agreement.

[0022] In some embodiments, the network element includes at least one of a routing agent node (DRA), an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) device, and a packet-switched PS domain device.

[0023] In some embodiments, the system further includes an access network device, wherein the network element is configured to adjust the access policy or service policy of the user terminal when it belongs to the PS domain device, and send the adjusted access policy or service policy to the access network device; the access network device is configured to control the access operation or service operation of the user terminal according to the adjusted access policy or service policy.

[0024] In some embodiments, the network element is configured to perform at least one of the following: adjust access and mobility management policies and user terminal policies to reject multiple user terminals from sending network access requests simultaneously; adjust session management policies to temporarily restrict designated non-time-sensitive user equipment from initiating services; adjust session management policies to suspend the execution of current periodic synchronization services or periodic update services; adjust session management policies to temporarily restrict services whose communication resource consumption exceeds the resource consumption threshold, and reduce the expected value of designated non-guaranteed stream bit rate (non-GBR) services.

[0025] In some embodiments, the network element is configured to adjust the services associated with the user database device to match the normal operating mode based on a second mode switching notification message sent by the user database device.

[0026] According to a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the method as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0027] Other features and advantages of this disclosure will become clear from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0028] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this disclosure or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this disclosure. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of a fault prevention method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating a fault prevention method according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a user database device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a user database device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0034] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication system according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0035] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication system according to yet another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0036] Figure 8 This is a flowchart illustrating a fault prevention method according to yet another embodiment of the present disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this disclosure, and not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit this disclosure or its application or use. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this disclosure without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0038] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of this disclosure.

[0039] At the same time, it should be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the accompanying drawings are not drawn according to actual scale.

[0040] Techniques, methods, and equipment known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and equipment should be considered part of the specification.

[0041] In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values.

[0042] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be discussed further in subsequent figures.

[0043] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating a fault prevention method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the following fault prevention method is performed by a user database device.

[0044] In step 101, if the first triggering condition is met, the current working mode is switched from the normal working mode to the sub-overload working mode.

[0045] It should be noted that the sub-overload operating mode is a different operating mode from the normal operating mode and the overload operating mode. In this sub-overload operating mode, network elements adjust the services associated with the user database device to effectively resolve the overload problem of the user database device caused by a large number of registrations or re-registrations.

[0046] In some embodiments, the first triggering condition includes: a preset feature value is greater than a preset feature value threshold, and the duration for which the preset feature value is greater than the preset feature value threshold exceeds a preset duration threshold.

[0047] For example, a preset feature value greater than a preset feature value threshold includes at least one of the following:

[0048] 1) The total number of visits in real time is greater than the total number of visits threshold;

[0049] 2) The first ratio of the number of instant repeated visits to the number of instant total visits is greater than the first ratio threshold;

[0050] 3) The second ratio of the current total number of visits to the previous total number of visits is greater than the second ratio threshold;

[0051] 4) The third ratio of the instantaneous load to the rated load is greater than the third ratio threshold.

[0052] In step 102, a first mode switching notification message is sent to the network element so that the network element can adjust the services associated with the user database device to match the sub-overload working mode.

[0053] In some embodiments, a first preset identifier is added to a preset notification message to generate a first mode switching notification message, and then the first mode switching notification message is sent to the network element.

[0054] In other embodiments, a first mode switching notification message is sent to the network element via preset signaling.

[0055] For example, the default information includes subscription signaling.

[0056] In some embodiments, the user database device includes an HSS or UDM device.

[0057] In some embodiments, the network element includes at least one of DRA (Diameter Routing Agent), IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) device, and PS (Packet Switch) domain device.

[0058] For example, PS domain devices include AMF (Access and Mobility Management Function), SMF (Session Management Function), and PCF (Policy Control Function) devices in 5GC (5G Core), as well as MME (Mobile Management Entity), S-GW (Serving Gateway), P-GW (PDN Gateway), and PCRF (Policy and Charging Rule Function) devices in EPC (Evolved Packet Core).

[0059] Figure 2 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating a fault prevention method according to another embodiment of this disclosure. In some embodiments, the following fault prevention method is performed by a user database device.

[0060] In step 201, if the second triggering condition is met, the current operating mode is switched from the sub-overload state operating mode to the normal operating mode.

[0061] In some embodiments, the second triggering condition includes: a preset feature value is not greater than a preset feature value threshold, and the duration of the preset feature value not being greater than the preset feature value threshold exceeds a preset duration threshold.

[0062] For example, a preset feature value not greater than a preset feature value threshold includes at least one of the following:

[0063] 1) The total number of visits in real time does not exceed the total number of visits threshold;

[0064] 2) The first ratio of the number of repeated visits to the total number of visits shall not be greater than the first ratio threshold;

[0065] 3) The second ratio of the current total number of visits to the previous total number of visits is not greater than the second ratio threshold;

[0066] 4) The third ratio of the instantaneous load to the rated load shall not be greater than the third ratio threshold.

[0067] In step 202, a second mode switching notification message is sent to the network element so that the network element can adjust the services associated with the user database device to match the normal working mode.

[0068] In some embodiments, a second preset identifier is added to a preset notification message to generate a second mode switching notification message, and then the second mode switching notification message is sent to the network element.

[0069] In other embodiments, a second mode switching notification message is sent to the network element via preset signaling.

[0070] For example, the default information includes subscription signaling.

[0071] In some embodiments, the user database device includes an HSS or UDM device.

[0072] In some embodiments, the network element includes at least one of DRA, IMS device and PS domain device.

[0073] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a user database device according to an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 3 As shown, the user database device includes a first processing module 31 and a second processing module 32.

[0074] When the first triggering condition is met, the first processing module 31 switches the current working mode from the normal working mode to the sub-overload working mode.

[0075] In some embodiments, the first triggering condition includes: a preset feature value is greater than a preset feature value threshold, and the duration for which the preset feature value is greater than the preset feature value threshold exceeds a preset duration threshold.

[0076] For example, a preset feature value greater than a preset feature value threshold includes at least one of the following:

[0077] 1) The total number of visits in real time is greater than the total number of visits threshold;

[0078] 2) The first ratio of the number of instant repeated visits to the number of instant total visits is greater than the first ratio threshold;

[0079] 3) The second ratio of the current total number of visits to the previous total number of visits is greater than the second ratio threshold;

[0080] 4) The third ratio of the instantaneous load to the rated load is greater than the third ratio threshold.

[0081] The second processing module 32 sends the first mode switching notification message to the network element so that the network element can adjust the services associated with the user database device to match the sub-overload working mode.

[0082] In some embodiments, a first preset identifier is added to a preset notification message to generate a first mode switching notification message, and then the first mode switching notification message is sent to the network element.

[0083] In other embodiments, a first mode switching notification message is sent to the network element via preset signaling.

[0084] For example, the default information includes subscription signaling.

[0085] In some embodiments, the user database device includes an HSS or UDM device.

[0086] In some embodiments, the network element includes at least one of DRA, IMS device and PS domain device.

[0087] In some embodiments, when the second triggering condition is met, the first processing module 31 switches the current operating mode from the sub-overload state operating mode to the normal operating mode.

[0088] In some embodiments, the second triggering condition includes: a preset feature value is not greater than a preset feature value threshold, and the duration of the preset feature value not being greater than the preset feature value threshold exceeds a preset duration threshold.

[0089] For example, a preset feature value not greater than a preset feature value threshold includes at least one of the following:

[0090] 1) The total number of visits in real time does not exceed the total number of visits threshold;

[0091] 2) The first ratio of the number of repeated visits to the total number of visits shall not be greater than the first ratio threshold;

[0092] 3) The second ratio of the current total number of visits to the previous total number of visits is not greater than the second ratio threshold;

[0093] 4) The third ratio of the instantaneous load to the rated load shall not be greater than the third ratio threshold.

[0094] The second processing module 32 sends a second mode switching notification message to the network element so that the network element can adjust the services associated with the user database device to match the normal working mode.

[0095] In some embodiments, a second preset identifier is added to a preset notification message to generate a second mode switching notification message, and then the second mode switching notification message is sent to the network element.

[0096] In other embodiments, a second mode switching notification message is sent to the network element via preset signaling.

[0097] For example, the default information includes subscription signaling.

[0098] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a user database device according to another embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 4 As shown, the user database device includes a memory 41 and a processor 42.

[0099] Memory 41 is used to store instructions, and processor 42 is coupled to memory 41. Processor 42 is configured to execute instructions based on the memory storage, as shown in the example. Figure 1 or Figure 2 The method involved in any of the embodiments.

[0100] like Figure 4 As shown, the user database device also includes a communication interface 43 for exchanging information with other devices. Additionally, the user database device includes a bus 44, through which the processor 42, communication interface 43, and memory 41 communicate with each other.

[0101] The memory 41 may include high-speed RAM, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device. The memory 41 may also be a memory array. The memory 41 may also be divided into blocks, and the blocks may be combined into virtual volumes according to certain rules.

[0102] Furthermore, processor 42 may be a central processing unit (CPU), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits configured to implement embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0103] This disclosure also relates to a computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement... Figure 1 or Figure 2 The method involved in any of the embodiments.

[0104] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication system according to an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 5 As shown, the communication system includes a user database device 51 and a network element 52. The user database device 51 is... Figure 3 or Figure 4 The user database device involved in any of the embodiments.

[0105] Network element 52 is configured to adjust the services associated with user database device 51 to match the sub-overload working mode based on the first mode switching notification message sent by user database device 51.

[0106] In some embodiments, network element 52 is configured to extend the timeout period according to the requirements of user database device 51 or a preset agreement. This allows registration requests or query requests that have not received a response to not be temporarily considered timeouts, reducing the occurrence of timeout retransmissions.

[0107] In some embodiments, network element 52 is configured to reduce unnecessary access requests to the user database device 51 according to the requirements of the user database device 51 or a preset agreement. For example, it can reduce the occurrence of periodic information synchronization or periodic information updates.

[0108] In some embodiments, network element 52 is configured to adjust the services associated with user database device 51 to match the normal operating mode based on a second mode switching notification message sent by user database device 51.

[0109] In some embodiments, network element 52 includes at least one of DRA, IMS device and PS domain device.

[0110] For example, such as Figure 6 As shown. User database device 51 sends a first mode switching notification message to DRA 61, IMS device 62, and PS domain device 63.

[0111] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication system according to yet another embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 7 and Figure 6 The difference is that, in Figure 7 In the illustrated embodiment, the communication system further includes an access network device 64.

[0112] PS domain device 63 adjusts the access policy or service policy of the user terminal according to the first mode switching notification message, and sends the adjusted access policy or service policy to access network device 64.

[0113] Access network device 64 is configured to control the access operation or service operation of user terminals according to the adjusted access policy or service policy.

[0114] For example, access network equipment 64 includes wireless access network equipment, fixed network access equipment, satellite access equipment, and various converged access network equipment.

[0115] In some embodiments, PS domain device 63 performs at least one of the following:

[0116] 1) Adjust access and mobility management policies and user terminal policies to reject multiple user terminals from sending network access requests at the same time.

[0117] For example, in scenarios where a large number of IoT (Internet of Things) devices access the network and visit UDM devices, it can effectively reject simultaneous network access requests from a large number of IoT devices.

[0118] 2) Adjust the session management policy to temporarily restrict designated non-time-sensitive user devices from initiating services.

[0119] For example, non-time-sensitive user equipment includes low-frequency IoT devices.

[0120] 3) Adjust the session management strategy to temporarily suspend the execution of current periodic synchronization or periodic update services.

[0121] For example, periodic synchronization or periodic update services include meter reading and periodic reporting by environmental sensors.

[0122] 4) Adjust session management policies to temporarily restrict services whose communication resource consumption exceeds the resource consumption threshold, and reduce the expected value of specified non-GBR (non-Guaranteed Bit Rate) services.

[0123] For example, services that consume more communication resources than the resource consumption threshold include AI (Artificial Intelligence) / ML (Machine Learning) services, federated learning services, and XR (Extended Reality) services.

[0124] Figure 8 This is a flowchart illustrating a fault prevention method according to yet another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0125] In step 801, if the first triggering condition is met, the user database device switches the current working mode from normal working mode to sub-overload working mode.

[0126] For example, user database devices include HSS or UDM devices.

[0127] In some embodiments, the first triggering condition includes: a preset feature value is greater than a preset feature value threshold, and the duration for which the preset feature value is greater than the preset feature value threshold exceeds a preset duration threshold.

[0128] For example, a preset feature value greater than a preset feature value threshold includes at least one of the following:

[0129] 1) The total number of visits in real time is greater than the total number of visits threshold;

[0130] 2) The first ratio of the number of instant repeated visits to the number of instant total visits is greater than the first ratio threshold;

[0131] 3) The second ratio of the current total number of visits to the previous total number of visits is greater than the second ratio threshold;

[0132] 4) The third ratio of the instantaneous load to the rated load is greater than the third ratio threshold.

[0133] In step 802, the user database device sends a mode switching notification message to the DRA, IMS device, and PS domain device.

[0134] In step 803a, the DRA adjusts the services associated with the user database device to match the sub-overload operating mode.

[0135] In step 803b, the IMS device adjusts the services associated with the user database device to match the sub-overload operating mode.

[0136] In step 803c, the PS domain device adjusts the services associated with the user database device to match the sub-overload operating mode.

[0137] In step 804, the PS domain device adjusts the access policy or service policy of the user terminal.

[0138] In some embodiments, the PS domain device performs at least one of the following:

[0139] 1) Adjust access and mobility management policies and user terminal policies to reject multiple user terminals from sending network access requests at the same time.

[0140] 2) Adjust the session management policy to temporarily restrict designated non-time-sensitive user devices from initiating services.

[0141] 3) Adjust the session management strategy to temporarily suspend the execution of current periodic synchronization or periodic update services.

[0142] 4) Adjust the session management policy to temporarily restrict services whose communication resource consumption exceeds the resource consumption threshold, and reduce the expected value of specified non-GBR services.

[0143] In step 805, the PS domain device sends the adjusted access policy or service policy to the access network device.

[0144] In step 806, the access network device controls the access operation or service operation of the user terminal according to the adjusted access policy or service policy.

[0145] In some embodiments, the functional units described above may be implemented as general-purpose processors, programmable logic controllers (PLCs), digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, or any suitable combination thereof for performing the functions described herein.

[0146] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps of the above embodiments can be implemented by hardware or by a program instructing related hardware. The program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as a read-only memory, a disk, or an optical disk.

[0147] The description in this disclosure is provided for illustrative and descriptive purposes only and is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the disclosure to its forms. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to better illustrate the principles and practical application of this disclosure and to enable those skilled in the art to understand this disclosure and to design various embodiments with various modifications suitable for a particular purpose.

Claims

1. A method for failure prevention, performed by a user database device, the method comprising: switching a current operation mode from a normal operation mode to a sub-overload operation mode, if a first trigger condition is met; sending a first mode switching notification message to a network element, so that the network element adjusts services associated with the user database device to match the sub-overload operation mode, the user database device comprising a home subscriber server (HSS) or a unified data management (UDM) device, the network element comprising at least one of a diameter routing agent (DRA), an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) device and a packet switched (PS) domain device, the network element being configured to perform at least one of the following: adjusting an access and mobility management policy and a user terminal policy to reject a plurality of user terminals from sending an access request at the same time; adjusting a session management policy to temporarily limit a specified non-time sensitive user equipment from initiating a service; adjusting the session management policy to temporarily suspend a current periodic synchronization service or a periodic update service; adjusting the session management policy to temporarily limit a service with a resource consumption greater than a resource consumption threshold, and to reduce an expected value of a specified non-guaranteed bit rate (non-GBR) service; wherein the first trigger condition comprises that a preset characteristic value is greater than a preset characteristic value threshold, and a duration for which the preset characteristic value is greater than the preset characteristic value threshold exceeds a preset duration threshold; the preset characteristic value being greater than the preset characteristic value threshold comprises at least one of the following: an instant total access number being greater than a total access number threshold; a first ratio of an instant repeated access number to an instant total access number being greater than a first ratio threshold; a second ratio of an instant total access number to a total access number at a previous time being greater than a second ratio threshold; and a third ratio of an instant load to a rated load being greater than a third ratio threshold.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, sending the first mode switching notification message to the network element comprises: adding a first preset identification bit in a preset notification message to generate the first mode switching notification message; and sending the first mode switching notification message to the network element.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein, sending the first mode switching notification message to the network element comprises: sending the first mode switching notification message to the network element through a preset signaling. 4.The method of claim 1, further comprising: switching the current operation mode from the sub-overload operation mode to the normal operation mode, if a second trigger condition is met; and sending a second mode switching notification message to the network element, so that the network element adjusts services associated with the user database device to match the normal operation mode. 5.The method of claim 4, wherein: the second trigger condition comprises that a preset characteristic value is not greater than a preset characteristic value threshold, and a duration for which the preset characteristic value is not greater than the preset characteristic value threshold exceeds a preset duration threshold.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein, the preset characteristic value being not greater than the preset characteristic value threshold comprises at least one of the following: an instant total access number being not greater than a total access number threshold; a first ratio of an instant repeated access number to an instant total access number being not greater than a first ratio threshold; a second ratio of an instant total access number to a total access number at a previous time being not greater than a second ratio threshold; and a third ratio of an instant load to a rated load being not greater than a third ratio threshold. the third ratio of the instant load to the rated load is not greater than a third ratio threshold.

7. The method of claim 4, wherein, sending the second mode switching notification message to the network element comprises: adding a second preset identification bit in a preset notification message to generate the second mode switching notification message; sending the second mode switching notification message to the network element.

8. The method of claim 4, wherein, sending the second mode switching notification message to the network element comprises: sending the second mode switching notification message to the network element through a preset signaling. 9.A user database device, comprising: a first processing module configured to switch a current working mode from a normal working mode to a sub-overload state working mode if a first trigger condition is met, the first trigger condition comprising: a preset characteristic value being greater than a preset characteristic value threshold and a duration for which the preset characteristic value is greater than the preset characteristic value threshold exceeding a preset time length threshold, the preset characteristic value being greater than the preset characteristic value threshold comprising at least one of: an instant total access number being greater than a total access number threshold, a first ratio of an instant repeated access number to the instant total access number being greater than a first ratio threshold, a second ratio of the instant total access number to a total access number at a previous time being greater than a second ratio threshold, and a third ratio of an instant load to a rated load being greater than a third ratio threshold; a second processing module configured to send a first mode switching notification message to a network element so that the network element adjusts a service associated with the user database device to match the sub-overload state working mode, the user database device comprising a home subscriber server (HSS) or a unified data management (UDM) device, the network element comprising at least one of a routing agent node (DRA), an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) device, and a packet switched (PS) domain device, the network element being configured to perform at least one of: adjusting an access and mobility management policy and a user terminal policy to reject a plurality of user terminals from simultaneously sending an access request; adjusting a session management policy to temporarily limit a specified non-time sensitive user equipment from initiating a service; adjusting the session management policy to temporarily suspend execution of a current periodic synchronization service or a periodic update service; and adjusting the session management policy to temporarily limit a service with a communication resource consumption amount greater than a resource consumption amount threshold and to reduce an expected value of a specified non-guaranteed bit rate (non-GBR) service. 10.A user database device, comprising: a memory; a processor coupled to the memory, the processor being configured to perform a method according to any one of claims 1-8 based on instructions stored in the memory. 11.A communication system, comprising: a user database device according to claim 9 or 10; and a network element. The network element is configured to adjust services associated with the user database device according to a first mode switching notification message sent by the user database device to match the sub-overload state operation mode, wherein the network element is configured to perform at least one of the following: adjusting an access and mobility management policy and a user terminal policy to reject multiple user terminals from sending network access requests at the same time; adjusting a session management policy to temporarily limit the initiation of services by specified non-time-sensitive user equipment; adjusting a session management policy to temporarily suspend the execution of current periodic synchronization services or periodic update services; adjusting a session management policy to temporarily limit services with resource consumption greater than a resource consumption threshold, and reducing the expected value of specified non-guaranteed bit rate (non-GBR) services.

12. The system of claim 11, wherein, The network element is configured to extend the timeout duration according to requirements or preset agreements of the user database device.

13. The system of claim 11, wherein, The network element is configured to reduce unnecessary access requests to the user database device according to requirements or preset agreements of the user database device.

14. The system of any one of claims 11-13, wherein, The network element comprises at least one of a routing agent node (DRA), an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) device, and a packet switching (PS) domain device.

15. The system of claim 14, further comprising an access network device, wherein, The network element is configured to adjust an access policy or a service policy of a user terminal and send the adjusted access policy or service policy to the access network device in the case of belonging to the PS domain device; The access network device is configured to control access operations or service operations of the user terminal according to the adjusted access policy or service policy.

16. The system of claim 11, wherein, The network element is configured to adjust services associated with the user database device according to a second mode switching notification message sent by the user database device to match the normal operation mode.

17. A computer readable storage medium, wherein, The computer readable storage medium stores computer instructions, and the instructions are executed by the processor to implement the method of any one of claims 1-8.

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