Internet of vehicles spectrum resource management system, method and device, and storage medium

Abstract

The invention provides an Internet of Vehicles spectrum resource management system, method and device and a storage medium, and relates to the technical field of Internet of Vehicles, and the system comprises a demand end and a supply end, and the demand end is used for responding to a service demand, generating frequency band resource demand information, and bidding a target frequency band resource based on an auction price; the supply end is used for generating frequency band resource supply information, determining a target demand end based on the bidding information, and providing target frequency band resources for the target demand end; the base station is used for realizing information sharing between the demand end and the supply end; in response to frequency band resource supply information sent by a supply end, generating a start price and sending the start price to a demand end; and the cloud edge computing server is used for providing computing resource requirements for the intelligent automobile and the base station. According to the invention, a frequency band resource auction mechanism is introduced, the demand end aucts the target frequency band resource of the supply end through bidding, flexible configuration and exchange of the frequency band resource are promoted, and a feasible and efficient mechanism is provided for dynamic spectrum allocation in an Internet of Vehicles system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Embodiments of the present application relate to the field of vehicle networking technology, and more specifically, to a vehicle networking spectrum resource management system, method, device, and storage medium. Background Art

[0002] The Internet of Vehicles refers to the technology that connects vehicles to the Internet and other vehicles and infrastructure to achieve data exchange and communication between vehicles, thereby building an intelligent, efficient and safe transportation system. The Internet of Vehicles uses technologies such as the Internet of Things, cloud computing, big data, and artificial intelligence to transform vehicles into smart devices by using cloud edge computing servers with computing, storage, and network capabilities, thereby achieving real-time communication and information exchange between vehicles, vehicles and road infrastructure, and vehicles and traffic management centers.

[0003] As a core component of the intelligent transportation system, the Internet of Vehicles aims to achieve intelligent management of traffic flow and safe coordination of vehicle driving through efficient communication between vehicles. Spectrum resource management in the Internet of Vehicles is a key factor in ensuring efficient and reliable communication. However, in the existing spectrum resource management methods in the Internet of Vehicles, the management of frequency band resources is dominated by base stations, and frequency band resources are directly allocated to nodes connected to the Internet of Vehicles. Since the bandwidth resources for communication between nodes are limited, it is easy to have insufficient bandwidth, affecting the normal operation of the business. Therefore, how to manage frequency band resources in the Internet of Vehicles more flexibly and efficiently has become a problem that needs to be solved urgently in this field. Summary of the invention

[0004] The embodiments of the present application provide a spectrum resource management system, method, device and storage medium for an Internet of Vehicles, aiming to solve the problem of how to manage frequency band resources in an Internet of Vehicles more flexibly and efficiently.

[0005] A first aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides a spectrum resource management system for an Internet of Vehicles, the system comprising:

[0006] A smart car, comprising a demand side and a supply side, wherein the demand side is used to generate frequency band resource demand information in response to business demand, and bid for a target frequency band resource provided by the supply side based on a starting price; the supply side is used to generate frequency band resource supply information, and, based on the bid information of the demand side, determine the target demand side, and provide the target frequency band resource to the target demand side;

[0007] A base station, the base station is used to realize information sharing between the demand side and the supply side; in response to the frequency band resource supply information sent by the supply side, generate the starting price and send it to the demand side;

[0008] A cloud edge computing server, wherein the cloud edge computing server is used to provide computing resource requirements for the smart car and the base station.

[0009] In an optional implementation manner, the demand side is used to generate frequency band resource demand information in response to service demand, including:

[0010] The demand side evaluates the frequency band resource occupancy status of the demand side in response to the service demand, and generates a frequency band resource block model;

[0011] The demand side processes the frequency band resource block model based on the smart contract, and determines the number of frequency band resources to be acquired by the demand side for the business demand as the frequency band resource demand information.

[0012] In an optional implementation manner, the demand side bids for the target frequency band resources provided by the supply side based on the starting price, including:

[0013] The demand side determines the initial bid price based on the starting bid price and the market value information and auction competition information of the target frequency band resources;

[0014] The demand side generates maximum price information based on the reward for completing the business demand and the computing resource rental, where the computing resource information is the rental required to rent the computing resources provided by the cloud edge computing server;

[0015] The demand side determines the bidding information within a range between the highest price information and the initial auction price.

[0016] In an optional implementation manner, the supply side determines the target demand side based on the bidding information of the demand side, including:

[0017] The supply end obtains the bidding information of each of the demand ends and the frequency band resource demand information of each of the demand ends;

[0018] The supply end determines the bid cost performance of each of the demand ends based on the bid information and the frequency band resource demand information;

[0019] The supply side determines the target demand side based on the bid price / performance ratio of each demand side.

[0020] In an optional implementation manner, the demand end is further used for:

[0021] After being confirmed as the target demand end, paying fees to the supply end according to the bidding information through the base station;

[0022] Based on the distance between multiple cloud edge computing servers in the system and the target demand end, a target edge computing node is determined, and computing resource rent is paid to the target edge computing node. The target edge computing node is a cloud edge computing server used to provide computing resources for the demand end to complete the task requirements.

[0023] In an optional implementation manner, the demand end is used to record the execution process after completing the task requirement and generate a block for the execution process;

[0024] The supply end is further used to confirm the consensus of the block on the demand end when the information on the demand end is consistent with that on the supply end;

[0025] The demand side is also used to add the block to the blockchain corresponding to the system and obtain the reward for completing the business demand when the consensus confirmation of the supply side is obtained.

[0026] In an optional implementation manner, the base station is further used to create and manage a smart contract, and the smart contract is used to constrain transaction rules and transaction conditions between the supply side and the demand side;

[0027] After the target demand side is determined, fees are charged to the target demand side according to the bidding information based on the smart contract and sent to the supply side.

[0028] A second aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a method for managing frequency band resources of an Internet of Vehicles, which is applied to the Internet of Vehicles frequency band resource management system described in any one of the first aspects of the embodiments of the present application, and the method includes:

[0029] The demand side generates frequency band resource demand information in response to business demand and sends it to the supply side through the base station;

[0030] The supply end generates frequency band resource supply information and sends it to the base station;

[0031] The base station generates a starting price in response to the frequency band resource supply information sent by the supply end and sends it to the demand end;

[0032] The demand side bids for the target frequency band resources provided by the supply side based on the starting price, and sends the bidding information to the demand side through the base station;

[0033] The demand side determines a target demand side based on the bidding information of the demand side, and provides the target frequency band resources to the target demand side.

[0034] A third aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps in the vehicle network frequency band resource management method described in any one of the first aspect of the embodiment of the present application.

[0035] The fourth aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program / instruction is stored. When the computer program / instruction is executed by a processor, the steps of the vehicle network frequency band resource management method described in any one of the first aspect of the embodiments of the present application are implemented.

[0036] Beneficial effects:

[0037] The present application provides a spectrum resource management system, method, device and storage medium for Internet of Vehicles, the system comprising: a smart car, including a demand side and a supply side, the demand side is used to generate frequency band resource demand information in response to business needs, and bid for the target frequency band resources provided by the supply side based on the starting price; the supply side is used to generate frequency band resource supply information, and, based on the bidding information of the demand side, determine the target demand side, and provide the target frequency band resources to the target demand side; a base station, the base station is used to realize information sharing between the demand side and the supply side; in response to the frequency band resource supply information sent by the supply side, the starting price is generated and sent to the demand side; a cloud edge computing server, the cloud edge computing server is used to provide computing resource requirements for the smart car and the base station. The present application introduces a frequency band resource auction mechanism, the base station generates a starting price based on the frequency band resource supply information of the supply side, and the demand side bids for the target frequency band resources of the supply side, which promotes the flexible configuration and exchange of frequency band resources and provides a feasible and efficient mechanism for dynamic spectrum allocation in the Internet of Vehicles system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments of the present application will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative labor.

[0039] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the communication layer model structure of a spectrum resource management system for an Internet of Vehicles proposed in one embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the execution process timing of the supply side and the demand side in a spectrum resource management system for an Internet of Vehicles proposed in one embodiment of the present application;

[0041] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of a frequency band resource block model in a spectrum resource management system for an Internet of Vehicles proposed in an embodiment of the present application;

[0042] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of consensus on the demand side in a spectrum resource management system for an Internet of Vehicles proposed in one embodiment of the present application;

[0043] Figure 5 This is a flowchart of a method for managing spectrum resources of an Internet of Vehicles proposed in one embodiment of the present application;

[0044] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of an electronic device proposed in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0046] In the drawings, the size of the constituent elements, the thickness of the layer or the area may be exaggerated for the sake of clarity. Therefore, any implementation of the present disclosure is not necessarily limited to the size shown in the drawings, and the shapes and sizes of the components in the drawings do not reflect the true proportions. In addition, the drawings schematically show ideal examples, and any implementation of the present disclosure is not limited to the shapes or values ​​shown in the drawings.

[0047] First, some professional terms involved in the embodiments of this application are explained:

[0048] Connected Vehicle (CV): Connected Vehicle refers to an intelligent transportation system that connects vehicles with other vehicles, infrastructure and cloud platforms through network technology. It enables real-time information exchange and data sharing among vehicles, drivers, road infrastructure and traffic management centers to improve the safety, efficiency and convenience of transportation.

[0049] Blockchain: Blockchain is a distributed database technology that requires a lot of computing resources to record transaction data and information, forming a growing list of data blocks linked in chronological order. Each data block contains a set of transaction records and is linked to the previous data block through cryptography technology to form an unalterable chain structure. Blockchain mainly consists of two parts: consensus mechanism and smart contract.

[0050] Smart Contract: A smart contract is a computer program that automatically executes contract conditions and is stored on the blockchain. Smart contracts are written in code and contain the rules and conditions that the parties to the contract need to follow. Once the conditions specified in the contract are met, the smart contract will automatically execute the corresponding operations without the intervention of a middleman. This provides a transparent, tamper-proof and automated execution environment for transactions.

[0051] OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access): Orthogonal frequency division multiple access OFDMA is a multiple access technology commonly used in wireless communication systems, especially in the field of mobile communications, such as 4G LTE and 5G networks. OFDMA allows multiple data streams to be transmitted on multiple frequency subcarriers at the same time to improve spectrum efficiency and system capacity. Each subcarrier is orthogonal, so they do not interfere with each other, thereby achieving efficient spectrum utilization. The advantage of OFDMA lies in the dynamic allocation of spectrum, which enables it to adapt to changes in different users and different communication needs. In OFDMA, the system can dynamically allocate subcarriers to different users as needed to achieve flexible resource allocation. This flexibility makes OFDMA an ideal choice for handling high-speed mobile users and different quality of service (QoS) requirements, especially for broadband wireless communication systems.

[0052] PoS (Proof of Stake): PoS is a blockchain consensus mechanism. In PoS, the probability of a node being selected to generate a new block is proportional to the amount of cryptocurrency it holds. Compared with PoW (Proof of Work), PoS does not require nodes to perform complex computing tasks to compete for the right to generate blocks, but relies on the stake held by the node to determine its role in the network. In PoS, nodes (or validators) demonstrate their commitment and trust in the network by locking a certain amount of cryptocurrency as collateral (or stake). The selected nodes have the right to generate new blocks and verify transactions. One of the advantages of PoS is its relatively low energy consumption, which is more environmentally friendly compared to PoW. The PoS consensus mechanism is widely used in various blockchain projects, providing a secure and efficient way of working for blockchain networks.

[0053] The Internet of Vehicles refers to the technology that connects vehicles to the Internet and other vehicles and infrastructure to achieve data exchange and communication between vehicles, thereby building an intelligent, efficient and safe transportation system. The Internet of Vehicles uses technologies such as the Internet of Things, cloud computing, big data, and artificial intelligence to transform vehicles into intelligent devices by using cloud edge computing servers with computing processing, storage, and network capabilities, thereby achieving real-time communication and information exchange between vehicles, vehicles and road infrastructure, and vehicles and traffic management centers. The development of the Internet of Vehicles is of great significance. It plays a key role in modern transportation and the automotive industry, bringing many important impacts and advantages, including: improving traffic safety, improving traffic efficiency, reducing energy consumption, improving driving experience, promoting the development of intelligent transportation, supporting autonomous driving technology, improving vehicle management efficiency, promoting innovation in the vehicle manufacturing industry, and enhancing traffic data analysis capabilities. The development of the Internet of Vehicles is of great significance in improving traffic safety, improving traffic efficiency, reducing energy consumption, and promoting innovation in intelligent transportation and the automotive manufacturing industry.

[0054] As a core component of the intelligent transportation system, the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) aims to achieve intelligent management of traffic flow and safe coordination of vehicle driving through efficient communication between vehicles. Currently, IoV uses a variety of communication technologies, including Wi-Fi, cellular networks, DSRC, NB-IoT, and satellite communications. These technologies have their own advantages, but they also face limitations in terms of coverage, speed, and cost. Spectrum resource management in IoV is a key factor in ensuring efficient and reliable communication. Effective spectrum resource management is of great importance to IoV systems in many aspects. First, it improves communication efficiency and meets the needs of real-time communication between multiple vehicles, especially for real-time applications such as autonomous driving. Second, by reasonably allocating and dynamically managing spectrum resources, the network performance of the entire IoV can be optimized to ensure maximum data transmission speed and communication efficiency. In addition, effective management of spectrum resources helps reduce the interference level of inter-vehicle communication and improve communication quality and stability. This is particularly critical in areas with dense vehicles, as it can avoid overlapping spectrum resources of adjacent vehicles. The rational use of spectrum resources not only promotes the development of IoV systems and meets the growing communication needs, but also promotes technological innovation and industry progress in the field of intelligent transportation. Finally, spectrum resource management must be able to flexibly adapt to diverse communication needs, covering multiple application scenarios such as vehicle-to-vehicle communication, vehicle-to-base station communication, and vehicle-to-cloud communication. In general, through the precise management of spectrum resources, the Internet of Vehicles system can better adapt to the complex and changing communication environment, improve the overall system performance, and provide a reliable communication foundation for the development of future smart travel and autonomous driving.

[0055] In the Internet of Vehicles, there is frequent information transmission between vehicles, and it is particularly important to ensure the reliability and consistency of information during the transmission process. By integrating blockchain technology, spectrum resource management in the Internet of Vehicles can be more transparent and efficient, improving the security and credibility of the system. The characteristics of blockchain make the allocation and transaction of spectrum resources more fair and controllable, providing an innovative solution for spectrum sharing between vehicles.

[0056] The implementation of blockchain in the Internet of Vehicles requires the support of cloud computing to ensure the stability, scalability and efficiency of data storage of the blockchain network. Cloud computing provides powerful computing and storage resources, enabling blockchain nodes to work together in a distributed network and handle a large number of transactions and smart contract executions. At the same time, cloud computing also provides a flexible deployment and management mechanism for blockchain applications in the Internet of Vehicles, enabling the entire system to better cope with changing needs and scales.

[0057] However, in the existing spectrum resource management methods in the Internet of Vehicles, the management of frequency band resources is dominated by the base station, and frequency band resources are directly allocated to the nodes connected to the Internet of Vehicles. Since the bandwidth resources for communication between nodes are limited, it is easy to have insufficient bandwidth, affecting the normal operation of the business.

[0058] In view of this, the present application embodiment proposes a spectrum resource management system for Internet of Vehicles. Figure 1 FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a communication layer model structure of a spectrum resource management system for an Internet of Vehicles proposed in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 As shown, the system includes: a smart car, a base station and a cloud edge computing server.

[0059] In the embodiment of the present application, the smart car includes a demand side and a supply side. The demand side is a smart car in an active interactive state, indicating that the smart car needs to initiate a transaction and participate in communication activities in response to the user's business request; the supply side is a smart car in a resource supply state, indicating that the smart car does not initiate a transaction, but provides its own communication resources (such as frequency band resources) for auction to obtain revenue. Such state naming can clearly reflect the different behaviors of smart cars in the communication process. On the one hand, it emphasizes the characteristics of smart cars in different states actively participating in communication, and on the other hand, it highlights its economic role in resource supply.

[0060] The base station is used to realize information sharing between the demand side and the supply side; in response to the frequency band resource supply information sent by the supply side, the starting price is generated and sent to the demand side; the cloud edge computing server is used to provide computing resource requirements for the smart car and the base station.

[0061] Specifically, the method model defined in the embodiment of this application mainly includes three key levels: communication layer model, blockchain layer model and auction mechanism. These levels cooperate with each other to jointly build a set of spectrum resource management system for Internet of Vehicles based on blockchain. The introduction of blockchain and auction mechanism not only solves the problem of insufficient bandwidth during vehicle communication, but also establishes a dynamic spectrum allocation and resource sharing mechanism in the Internet of Vehicles. The association with blockchain strengthens the information transmission in the communication process in terms of consistency, security and fault tolerance.

[0062] like Figure 1 As shown, in the communication layer model, the smart car, as a communication node, usually initiates tasks of various business needs, such as the transmission of video packets, the uploading of sensor data, etc. However, since the bandwidth resources for communication between the smart cars are limited, it is easy to have insufficient bandwidth, which affects the normal operation of the business. Therefore, in an embodiment of the present application, the smart car can purchase bandwidth resources of other nodes by participating in auctions. This is equivalent to establishing a dynamic spectrum allocation mechanism in the Internet of Vehicles. Through the form of auctions, vehicle nodes can flexibly obtain additional bandwidth to meet their communication needs. This dynamic spectrum allocation method enables vehicles to better adapt to different communication loads in real-time traffic scenarios, thereby improving the robustness and adaptability of the entire Internet of Vehicles system.

[0063] In the embodiment of the present application, through the auction mechanism, the vehicle node can flexibly choose to purchase appropriate bandwidth resources according to the current communication needs and available bandwidth. This mechanism not only makes more reasonable use of bandwidth resources, but also promotes resource sharing between vehicle nodes. By participating in the auction, vehicles can not only obtain the required bandwidth, but also obtain income by selling excess bandwidth, realizing resource exchange and win-win between vehicles, increasing the frequency of resource sharing, and improving the efficiency of frequency band resource utilization.

[0064] Specifically, in an embodiment of the present application, the demand side is used to generate frequency band resource demand information in response to business needs, and bid for the target frequency band resources provided by the supply side based on the starting price; the supply side is used to generate frequency band resource supply information, and, based on the bidding information of the demand side, determine the target demand side, and provide the target frequency band resources to the target demand side.

[0065] In some optional implementations, the frequency band resource demand information is obtained as follows: first, the frequency band resource occupancy status of the demand side is evaluated, and the frequency band resource block model based on OFDMA is adopted to divide the frequency band resource of the demand side into multiple small blocks to generate the frequency band resource block model of the demand side. The frequency band resource block model of the smart car mainly involves the process of evaluating the number of frequency band resource blocks required for transmission transactions between smart cars and selecting cloud edge computing nodes to schedule computing resources. The frequency band resource block model allows the system to achieve simultaneous communication on different frequency band resource blocks, thereby improving the utilization efficiency of the spectrum.

[0066] Users initiate transactions to smart cars through the Internet of Vehicles, which involves the smart car's demand for frequency bands and computing resources in order to process transactions and reach consensus. In order to better model and manage frequency band resources, the frequency band resource block model used in the embodiment of the present application is a two-dimensional model, which takes into account the two dimensions of time and the number of frequency band resource blocks. In the frequency band resource block model, the frequency band resource block is defined as the smallest allocation unit in the system, which is flexible and can be dynamically allocated according to demand.

[0067] Figure 3 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a frequency band resource block model in a spectrum resource management system for an Internet of Vehicles proposed in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 3 As shown in FIG. 1 , in the frequency band resource block model, each square represents a frequency band resource block, and the entire graph represents the available status of the entire spectrum. Considering that the processing of a transaction requires a certain number of frequency band resource blocks and lasts for a period of time, the frequency band resource block model allows observation of the resource status in the future period of time to better meet the needs of initiating transactions. Among them, the model divides the time axis into the past T p The occupancy of frequency band resource blocks in time and future T f The occupancy of frequency band resource blocks within a certain period of time. The blank part of each column is the idle frequency band resource block of the current node (i.e., the demand side), and the remaining pattern-filled parts are occupied frequency band resource blocks. During the transmission process, smart cars need to consider the number of frequency band resource blocks required for transaction processing, so as to rationally plan the use of resources. The frequency band resource block model not only helps the system to analyze and manage spectrum resources more finely, but also provides smart cars with a more flexible way of using spectrum. By considering the frequency band resource block model, the system can better adapt to the dynamic needs of users to initiate transactions and improve the efficiency and robustness of the entire Internet of Vehicles system.

[0068] In addition, this plug-in view of the frequency band resource block model provides a unique opportunity for deep reinforcement learning agents to learn. By monitoring the number of frequency band resource blocks required for different transactions and the communication behavior of smart cars, the system can collect real-time data. This data can be used to train deep reinforcement learning agents to dynamically allocate and utilize resources more intelligently. In practice, deep reinforcement learning agents can gradually optimize resource allocation strategies, and improve the performance and adaptability of the entire Internet of Vehicles system by continuously adjusting parameters and learned experience. Through the analysis and learning of real-time data, deep reinforcement learning agents can more accurately predict future communication needs and achieve more effective frequency band resource allocation. The application of this reinforcement learning method provides stronger support for future smart travel. By continuously improving and optimizing resource allocation strategies, the system can better adapt to the changing communication load and vehicle behavior patterns, thereby improving the overall system intelligence level and providing users with a smoother and more efficient smart travel experience. This agent's learning and adaptability mechanism enables the Internet of Vehicles system to continuously evolve to meet the challenges of future travel and lay a solid foundation for the sustainable development of smart travel.

[0069] After defining the frequency band resource block model of the demand side, the demand side processes the frequency band resource block model based on the smart contract, and determines the number of frequency band resources to be acquired by the demand side for the service demand as the frequency band resource demand information. Specifically, after defining the frequency band resource block model of the demand side, it is necessary to calculate the number of frequency band resource blocks required to complete the service demand initiated by the user. The number of frequency band resource blocks required to transmit the service demand is calculated. Optionally, the number of frequency band resource blocks required by the demand side to transmit the service demand is obtained according to the following formula:

[0070]

[0071] Among them, f n The number of frequency band resource blocks for transmitting the service demand by the demand side; D n The data size of the business demand transmitted to the demand side; C n is the transmission rate of the unit frequency band resource block (Rb) when the service demand is completed between the demand end and the user; t n is the maximum transmission delay required by the service, and n is the nth task transmitted by the node.

[0072] Optionally, the transmission rate of the unit frequency band resource block (Rb) when the service demand is completed between the demand end and the user is obtained according to the following formula:

[0073]

[0074] Among them, C nis the transmission rate of the unit frequency band resource block (Rb) when the service demand is completed between the demand end and the user; t s is the duration of a unit time slot in the frequency band resource block model; σ 2 is Gaussian white noise; P v is the interference power when other smart cars transmit. This value can be simplified and approximately calculated as Np, where N is the number of smart cars in the range, p is the average co-channel interference on each unit frequency band resource block; P n is the transmission power required by the current business; h is the current small-scale fading, which follows the Rayleigh distribution. is the path loss during transmission; α is the loss index, which depends on the communication scenario model adopted by the Internet of Vehicles; d n is the transmission distance.

[0075] After obtaining the frequency band resource block model corresponding to the demand side, the demand side processes the frequency band resource block model based on the smart contract, and determines the number of frequency band resources to be acquired by the demand side for the business demand as the frequency band resource demand information. The frequency band resource demand information is used to characterize the number of additional frequency band resources required by the demand side to complete the business demand, and the additional number of frequency band resources needs to be obtained by the demand side from other smart cars on the supply side through an auction mechanism.

[0076] In an embodiment of the present application, after the demand side generates the frequency band resource demand information, the smart car (including the supply side and the demand side) enters the resource auction stage. Figure 2 FIG. 1 shows a timing diagram of the execution process of the supply side and the demand side in a spectrum resource management system for an Internet of Vehicles proposed in an embodiment of the present application, such as Figure 2 As shown, for the supply end, first, the supply end counts its own resource status and generates frequency band resource supply information, the frequency band resource supply information is used to characterize the number of frequency band resource blocks that the supply end can currently provide, the supply end sends the frequency band resource supply information to the base station, and the base station shares the received frequency band resource supply information with all demand ends in the Internet of Vehicles. Optionally, the supply end uploads the frequency band resource supply information to the blockchain by using sensors and communication modules, so as to send the frequency band resource supply information to the base station.

[0077] Subsequently, the frequency band resource supply information is verified and recorded through the smart contract. The base station uses the smart contract to obtain the frequency band resource supply information provided by the supply end, and formulates the starting price according to the current system status. This ensures the balance between resource supply and demand in the system. Specifically, the base station responds to the frequency band resource supply information sent by the supply end, uses the location information and channel quality of the smart car in the Internet of Vehicles to calculate the starting price for the preliminary auction of the smart car (the supply end) in the resource supply state, and generates the starting price and sends it to the demand end. The starting price reflects the current balance between resource supply and demand, and is the starting price in the auction process. After determining the starting price, the base station provides the target frequency band resources of the supply end to potential buyers in the system, that is, all demand ends in the system, in the form of an auction. During the auction process, each demand end can compete for the target frequency band resources by participating in the auction according to its own needs and capabilities.

[0078] For the demand side, while generating the frequency band resource demand information, the demand side will also comprehensively consider the frequency band resource blocks that it can provide, thereby forming a relatively comprehensive assessment of resource demand and supply. In order to record and verify the business needs of the car, smart contracts and blockchain technology are used. Through smart contracts, cars can transparently submit their communication needs and obtain frequency band resource supply information of other cars in the system. The entire process fully considers the complexity of communication tasks and the actual available resources, ensuring that auction participants have an accurate understanding of resource demand and supply.

[0079] After the evaluation is completed, the demand side performs pricing according to the frequency band resource demand information and determines the bid information for the target frequency band resource. This pricing process takes into account the market value of the frequency band resource and the competitive situation of the auction to ensure the rationality of the price and the fairness of the market. The demand side calculates the required amount of additional resources (the frequency band resource demand information) through a smart contract, and uses the algorithm in the auction contract to perform pricing to ensure that the bid information takes into account the market value, the competitive situation, and the balance between the current resource supply and demand. Specifically, the bid information is determined as follows: First, after the base station determines the starting price based on the frequency band resource supply information of the supply side, the demand side determines the initial bid price based on the starting price and the market value information and auction competition information of the target frequency band resource; the demand side generates the highest price information based on the reward for completing the business demand and the computing resource rent, and the computing resource information is the rent required to rent the computing resources provided by the cloud edge computing server; the demand side determines the bid information within the range between the highest price information and the initial bid price.

[0080] In some optional implementations, the calculation of the maximum price information fully considers the value of the business demand and the rental cost of system resources, ensuring that the auction results are attractive to both the car and the system. The maximum price information includes the auction price and the handling fee obtained by the base station. The auction price refers to the bid information given by the target demand side when the transaction is completed. These data are recorded in the smart contract and ensure that the supply side and system managers can get corresponding rewards from the auction. The auction price is obtained by the supply side, and the handling fee is obtained by the base station that leads the auction. This allocation mechanism ensures that both resource providers and system managers can benefit from the auction process, promoting more efficient allocation and utilization of resources. The entire process provides a feasible and efficient auction mechanism for dynamic spectrum allocation in the Internet of Vehicles on the basis of ensuring economic incentives and fairness.

[0081] Optionally, the highest price information is determined according to the following formula:

[0082]

[0083] Wherein, G is the highest price information; R n is the business demand reward, which is the reward obtained after consensus is completed after transmission; G c is the cost of renting computing resources from the nearest cloud edge computing server; μ is the transaction fee coefficient during the auction.

[0084] Each of the demand ends bids based on the determined bidding information, and the base station sends the bidding information of each demand end to the supply end that provides the frequency band resources. The supply end selects the bidding information received from each demand end and determines the target demand end. The target demand end is the demand end that provides the target frequency band resources to the supply end. Specifically, the supply end obtains the bidding information of each demand end and the frequency band resource demand information of each demand end; the supply end determines the bidding cost-effectiveness of each demand end based on the bidding information and the frequency band resource demand information; the supply end determines the target demand end based on the bidding cost-effectiveness of each demand end. Finally, the demand end is also used to pay the fee to the supply end according to the bidding information through the base station after being confirmed as the target demand end.

[0085] In some optional implementations, the bid cost performance ratio is a ratio of the bid information given by the demand side to the frequency band resource demand information, which is specifically obtained according to the following formula:

[0086]

[0087] Where β is the price performance ratio of the bid; G bis the bidding information currently given by the demand side; n is the number of frequency band resource blocks for the demand side to transmit the service demand; G is the highest price information; G r is the balance on the demand side.

[0088] In the embodiment of the present application, through the auction process between the demand side and the supply side, an effective match between the resource supplier and the demand side is achieved, and the flexible configuration and exchange of resources are achieved through the auction mechanism; based on the auction mechanism of the system described in the embodiment of the present application, the rational flow of resources is effectively guided, which helps to efficiently utilize the resources in the system and promotes resource sharing and transactions in the Internet of Vehicles.

[0089] In an embodiment of the present application, after the target demand side pays the fee to the supply side, the supply side provides the target frequency band resources to the target demand side. Subsequently, after completing the auction of frequency band resources, the smart car immediately schedules computing resources. This scheduling process involves selecting the cloud edge computing server closest to the surrounding area, and using the computing resources provided by it to support the computing needs of the demand side to complete the business. This also includes the computing resources provided by the cloud edge computing nodes, which not only meet the computing needs of smart cars, but also provide the necessary computing resources for the consensus process. Specifically, based on the distance between multiple cloud edge computing servers in the system and the target demand side, the target edge computing node is determined, and the computing resource rent is paid to the target edge computing node. The target edge computing node is a cloud edge computing server used to provide computing resources for the process of completing the task requirements of the demand side.

[0090] Optionally, during the process of computing resource scheduling, the system will charge a certain fee as the cost of scheduling, which is related to the distance between the smart car and the computing node. This measure helps to balance the allocation of system resources and ensure the efficient use of computing resources.

[0091] In some optional implementations, after the nodes in the system (including smart cars, base stations, and cloud edge computing servers) complete the transmission of the task, each smart car node must record the information to ensure that the task completion status in the entire system can be accurately tracked. In order to ensure the data consistency of each node recording the task completion information and reach a consensus, we introduced blockchain technology.

[0092] As a decentralized distributed ledger system, blockchain ensures data consistency and security through tamper-proof blocks and consensus mechanisms. In the Internet of Vehicles, each task completion is recorded as a block, which contains relevant information about the task, such as task type, resource usage, transaction amount, etc. These blocks are linked together in chronological order to form a growing chain, which constitutes the task completion record of the Internet of Vehicles.

[0093] The application of blockchain technology helps solve the problem of information consistency, because each node has the same copy of the blockchain. Any information about the completion of a task needs to go through a consensus mechanism and be confirmed by other nodes before it can be added to the blockchain. This ensures the credibility and immutability of the task completion information in the entire system.

[0094] At the same time, this patent uses the rewards obtained after completing consensus through blockchain as the reward for completing tasks in the auction mechanism. Through such task rewards and resource cost incentive mechanisms, it effectively encourages the healthy operation of the auction mechanism, prompts nodes with resources to share more resources, and improves the efficiency of frequency band resource utilization.

[0095] In the Internet of Vehicles, each smart car acts as a node in the PoS consensus mechanism. The weight of a node depends on the amount of cryptocurrency it holds, which can not only be used to pay for computing resources, but also support the trading of bandwidth resources. The election process determines the weight by the amount of cryptocurrency held by the node, and some randomness may be introduced to increase the fairness of the election. The selected verification node is responsible for verifying the communication transactions between vehicles, including the auction of bandwidth resources and the computing resources of transactions. The verification node packages these transactions into blocks and generates new blocks through the PoS mechanism. The rewards for these nodes are provided in the form of cryptocurrency as a reward mechanism to encourage nodes to abide by the rules and provide computing resources.

[0096] In the entire system, there may be voting and punishment mechanisms between nodes to determine which nodes participate in verification. Nodes that commit malicious acts may face penalties, including locking or destroying a certain amount of cryptocurrency. Through the application of blockchain technology, the Internet of Vehicles system achieves traceability, transparency, and secure recording of task completion information, providing a solid foundation for task management, billing, and performance evaluation in the Internet of Vehicles, while also enhancing the robustness and reliability of the system.

[0097] In the Internet of Vehicles system, while adopting the PoS consensus mechanism, full use is made of edge computing nodes and cloud computing servers to provide flexible and efficient computing resource support for smart car nodes. When the smart car nodes are actively interacting, they obtain computing resources by calling the surrounding edge computing nodes, and when the resources are supplied, they share the resources with other car nodes. This flexible resource scheduling mechanism enables the system to better adapt to the dynamic needs of user-initiated tasks, further improving the efficiency and robustness of the Internet of Vehicles system.

[0098] Specifically, after completing the business requirement, the smart car will record the entire process in detail and package it into blocks for consensus. The consensus mechanism of this process ensures the consistency of information, while the characteristics of blockchain ensure the security and fault tolerance of information. Specifically, after completing the task requirement, the demand side records the execution process and generates a block for the execution process; the supply side confirms the consensus of the block on the demand side when the information on the demand side is consistent with that on the supply side; the demand side adds the block to the blockchain corresponding to the system when the consensus confirmation of the supply side is obtained, and obtains the reward for completing the business requirement.

[0099] In the embodiment of the present application, Figure 4 A schematic diagram of consensus on the demand side in a spectrum resource management system for Internet of Vehicles proposed in an embodiment of the present application is shown, such as Figure 4 As shown in the figure, by completing business requirements and participating in consensus, the smart car not only obtains corresponding rewards, but more importantly, it motivates each node in the Internet of Vehicles system to actively participate and share resources. This mechanism promotes the cooperation and efficiency of the entire system and provides a solid foundation for the sustainable development of the Internet of Vehicles frequency band resource management system.

[0100] In some optional implementations, the base station is further used to create and manage smart contracts, and the smart contracts are used to constrain the transaction rules and transaction conditions between the supply side and the demand side; after determining the target demand side, the target demand side is charged according to the bid information based on the smart contract and sent to the supply side. The base station supervises and records the auction process by creating and managing smart contracts, ensuring the orderly conduct of the auction and the fairness of the results.

[0101] Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, the base station, as the intermediary of the auction mechanism, needs to complete the following tasks:

[0102] Resource supply evaluation: The base station uses smart contracts to obtain resource information provided by the car, and uses smart contracts to count and analyze the amount of resources available for sharing in the system. This evaluation is the basis for the base station's decision-making and provides necessary information for the subsequent auction process.

[0103] Starting price determination: Based on the resource supply assessment, the base station sets the starting price of the resources in the auction process, namely the starting price. The starting price reflects the current balance between resource supply and demand. Reasonable setting of the starting price is the key to ensuring the fairness and effectiveness of the auction process.

[0104] Resource auction process management: The base station provides the frequency band resources to potential buyers in the system (i.e., the demand side that needs additional resources) through auction. During the entire auction process, the base station may need to supervise, record and manage, including receiving bids, determining the final buyer, etc. This ensures the orderly conduct of the auction and the fairness of the results.

[0105] Market situation assessment: The base station continuously assesses the market situation during the auction process, taking into account the competition, the needs of participating vehicles, and the available resources. The auction process is adjusted in a timely manner to ensure the reasonable flow of resources within the system and meet dynamic communication needs.

[0106] Reward distribution: After the auction is over, the smart contract automatically executes the reward distribution to ensure that the resource provider's car can receive the corresponding reward according to the auction results. Payment transactions are recorded through the blockchain to ensure the transparency and rapidity of the entire distribution process.

[0107] By completing the above tasks, the base station promotes the flexible configuration and exchange of resources and provides a feasible and efficient mechanism for dynamic spectrum allocation in the Internet of Vehicles system.

[0108] In some optional implementations, in the Internet of Vehicles spectrum resource management system, cloud computing provides the following support:

[0109] 1. Method model and communication layer model: As part of the system, the cloud computing server supports the task completion of the smart car node by providing computing resources. In the communication layer model, the cloud computing server is used to handle communication transactions between vehicles, including the auction of frequency band resources and the computing resources of transactions. The introduction of cloud computing enhances the computing power and resource flexibility of the system.

[0110] 2. Smart car execution process: In the execution process of smart cars, edge computing nodes and cloud computing servers work together to provide flexible and efficient computing resource support. Smart cars meet their computing needs by calling the resources of surrounding edge computing nodes and cloud computing servers.

[0111] 3. Communication model: Cloud computing plays an important role in the communication model, supporting the communication needs of smart cars. Through cloud computing, the system can better analyze and manage spectrum resources, provide smart cars with more flexible spectrum usage, and improve the efficiency and robustness of the system.

[0112] 4. Auction mechanism: Cloud computing servers play a key role in the auction mechanism, guiding the rational flow of resources by evaluating market conditions and setting starting prices. The participation of cloud computing ensures the balance of resource supply and demand during the auction process and provides support for the effective allocation and exchange of resources.

[0113] 5. Consensus mechanism: Cloud computing plays an important role in the consensus mechanism by providing computing resources to support the consensus process in the Internet of Vehicles system. After the smart car node completes the task, the cloud computing server is responsible for recording the task completion information, packaging it into blocks and participating in the generation of the consensus mechanism. The intervention of cloud computing ensures the efficient execution of the consensus process and provides reliable underlying support for the application of blockchain technology. This method ensures the consistency, security and immutability of information, thereby building a credible task completion record.

[0114] Through the multi-faceted support of cloud computing in the Internet of Vehicles spectrum resource management system described in the embodiments of this application, the Internet of Vehicles spectrum resource management system can fully utilize computing resources and improve the computing power, flexibility and efficiency of the system. The integration of cloud computing enables smart cars to better adapt to dynamic needs and realize flexible allocation of frequency band resources, while providing a reliable foundation for the application of consensus mechanisms and blockchain technology. This synergy not only enhances the performance and robustness of the Internet of Vehicles system, but also lays a solid foundation for future development.

[0115] The present application provides a spectrum resource management system for the Internet of Vehicles. The present application introduces a frequency band resource auction mechanism. The base station generates a starting price based on the frequency band resource supply information of the supply side. The demand side bids for the target frequency band resources of the supply side, which promotes the flexible configuration and exchange of frequency band resources and provides a feasible and efficient mechanism for dynamic spectrum allocation in the Internet of Vehicles system.

[0116] Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the present application discloses a spectrum resource management method for an Internet of Vehicles, which is applied to the spectrum resource management system for an Internet of Vehicles described in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 5 A flowchart of a spectrum resource management method for an Internet of Vehicles proposed in an embodiment of the present application is shown. Figure 5 As shown, the method comprises the following steps:

[0117] S101. The demand side generates frequency band resource demand information in response to business demand, and sends it to the supply side through a base station.

[0118] S102: The supply end generates frequency band resource supply information and sends it to the base station.

[0119] S103: The base station generates a starting price in response to the frequency band resource supply information sent by the supply end, and sends the starting price to the demand end.

[0120] S104: The demand side bids for the target frequency band resources provided by the supply side based on the starting price, and sends the bidding information to the demand side through the base station.

[0121] S105. The demand side determines a target demand side based on the bidding information of the demand side, and provides the target frequency band resources to the target demand side.

[0122] It should be noted that since the vehicle network spectrum resource management method provided in this application is applied to the vehicle network spectrum resource management system of the technical solution described in the embodiments of this application, the vehicle network spectrum resource management method provided in this application has all the beneficial effects of the above-mentioned vehicle network spectrum resource management system, which will not be repeated here.

[0123] Based on the same inventive concept, the present application embodiment discloses an electronic device, Figure 6 A schematic diagram of an electronic device proposed in an embodiment of the present application is shown, such as Figure 6 As shown, the electronic device 100 includes: a memory 110 and a processor 120, the memory 110 and the processor 120 are connected via a bus communication, the memory 110 stores at least one instruction, at least one program, code set or instruction set, and the at least one instruction, the at least one program, the code set or instruction set can be loaded and run on the processor 120 to implement the steps in the vehicle network frequency band resource management method disclosed in the embodiment of the present application.

[0124] Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present application discloses a computer-readable storage medium, on which is stored at least one instruction, at least one program, a code set or an instruction set, and the at least one instruction, the at least one program, the code set or the instruction set is loaded and executed by a processor to implement the steps in the vehicle network frequency band resource management method disclosed in the embodiment of the present application.

[0125] Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present application discloses a computer program product, including a computer program / instruction, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in the vehicle network frequency band resource management method disclosed in the embodiment of the present application.

[0126] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0127] The embodiments of the present application are described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the methods, apparatuses, electronic devices, and computer program products according to the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that each process and / or block in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of the processes and / or blocks in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing terminal device to generate a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing terminal device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowchart and / or block diagram. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0128] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing terminal device to operate in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce a manufactured product including an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A function specified in one or more boxes.

[0129] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing terminal device so that a series of operating steps are executed on the computer or other programmable terminal device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions for executing on the computer or other programmable terminal device to implement the process. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps for the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0130] Although the preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, those skilled in the art may make additional changes and modifications to these embodiments once they have learned the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the embodiments of the present application.

[0131] Finally, it should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or terminal device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or terminal device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "including one..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or terminal device including the elements.

[0132] The above is a detailed introduction to the vehicle network spectrum resource management system, method, device and storage medium provided by the present application. Specific examples are used in this article to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present application. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method of the present application and its core idea; at the same time, for general technical personnel in this field, according to the idea of ​​the present application, there will be changes in the specific implementation method and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

Claims

1. A vehicle network frequency band resource management system, characterized in that: The system comprises: A smart car, comprising a demand side and a supply side, wherein the demand side is used to generate frequency band resource demand information in response to business demand, and bid for a target frequency band resource provided by the supply side based on a starting price; the supply side is used to generate frequency band resource supply information, and, based on the bid information of the demand side, determine the target demand side, and provide the target frequency band resource to the target demand side; A base station, the base station is used to realize information sharing between the demand side and the supply side; in response to the frequency band resource supply information sent by the supply side, generate the starting price and send it to the demand side; A cloud edge computing server, wherein the cloud edge computing server is used to provide computing resource requirements for the smart car and the base station.

2. The vehicle network frequency band resource management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The demand side is used to generate frequency band resource demand information in response to business demand, including: The demand side evaluates the frequency band resource occupancy status of the demand side in response to the service demand, and generates a frequency band resource block model; The demand side processes the frequency band resource block model based on the smart contract, and determines the number of frequency band resources to be acquired by the demand side for the business demand as the frequency band resource demand information.

3. The vehicle network frequency band resource management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The demand side bids for the target frequency band resources provided by the supply side based on the starting price, including: The demand side determines the initial bid price based on the starting bid price and the market value information and auction competition information of the target frequency band resources; The demand side generates maximum price information based on the reward for completing the business demand and the computing resource rental, where the computing resource information is the rental required to rent the computing resources provided by the cloud edge computing server; The demand side determines the bidding information within a range between the highest price information and the initial auction price.

4. The vehicle network frequency band resource management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The supply side determines a target demand side based on the bidding information of the demand side, including: The supply end obtains the bidding information of each of the demand ends and the frequency band resource demand information of each of the demand ends; The supply end determines the bid cost performance of each of the demand ends based on the bid information and the frequency band resource demand information; The supply side determines the target demand side based on the bid price / performance ratio of each demand side.

5. The vehicle network frequency band resource management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The demand side is also used for: After being confirmed as the target demand end, paying fees to the supply end according to the bidding information through the base station; Based on the distance between multiple cloud edge computing servers in the system and the target demand end, a target edge computing node is determined, and computing resource rent is paid to the target edge computing node. The target edge computing node is a cloud edge computing server used to provide computing resources for the demand end to complete the task requirements.

6. The vehicle network frequency band resource management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The demand side is used to record the execution process after completing the task requirement and generate a block for the execution process; The supply end is further used to confirm the consensus of the block on the demand end when the information on the demand end is consistent with that on the supply end; The demand side is also used to add the block to the blockchain corresponding to the system and obtain the reward for completing the business demand when the consensus confirmation of the supply side is obtained.

7. The vehicle network frequency band resource management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base station is also used to create and manage smart contracts, and the smart contracts are used to constrain the transaction rules and transaction conditions between the supply side and the demand side; After the target demand side is determined, fees are charged to the target demand side according to the bidding information based on the smart contract and sent to the supply side.

8. A method for managing frequency band resources in an Internet of Vehicles, characterized in that: The method applied to the vehicle network frequency band resource management system according to any one of claims 1 to 7 comprises: The demand side generates frequency band resource demand information in response to business demand and sends it to the supply side through the base station; The supply end generates frequency band resource supply information and sends it to the base station; The base station generates a starting price in response to the frequency band resource supply information sent by the supply end and sends it to the demand end; The demand side bids for the target frequency band resources provided by the supply side based on the starting price, and sends the bidding information to the demand side through the base station; The demand side determines a target demand side based on the bidding information of the demand side, and provides the target frequency band resources to the target demand side.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that: It includes a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps in the vehicle network frequency band resource management method described in claim 8.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program / instruction stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program / instructions are executed by a processor, the steps in the vehicle network frequency band resource management method described in claim 8 are implemented.

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