Solar cell, solar cell module and photovoltaic system

Abstract

The invention provides a solar cell, a solar cell module and a photovoltaic system, and the solar cell comprises a substrate which is provided with a first surface; the first transparent conductive layer is positioned on one side of the substrate; the second transparent conducting layers are arranged at intervals in the first direction, the second transparent conducting layers are located on the partial surface, away from the substrate, of the first transparent conducting layer, and the first direction is parallel to the first surface; the transparent conductive parts are arranged at intervals in the second direction, each transparent conductive part comprises a first part and a second part, the first part is located on the partial surface, away from the substrate, of the first transparent conductive layer, the second part is located on the partial surface, away from the substrate, of the second transparent conductive layer, and the second direction is parallel to the first surface; the first direction intersects the second direction. The solar cell solves the problem that the front-end transparent conductive oxide layer of the solar cell in the prior art is difficult to meet the requirements of high conductivity and high optical transmittance at the same time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of semiconductor technology, and in particular to a solar cell, a solar cell module and a photovoltaic system. Background Art

[0002] Perovskite can form a tandem cell with crystalline silicon. For the front transparent conductive oxide layer in the perovskite / crystalline silicon tandem cell, it is necessary to have both high conductivity and high optical transmittance. At present, the front transparent conductive oxide layer is generally a single-layer film produced by magnetron sputtering. Thickening the film layer can improve the electrical performance, but it often reduces the optical transmittance, making it difficult to meet the requirements of high conductivity and high optical transmittance at the same time. Summary of the invention

[0003] The main purpose of the present application is to provide a solar cell, a solar cell module and a photovoltaic system to solve the problem in the prior art that the front transparent conductive oxide layer of the solar cell is difficult to simultaneously meet the requirements of high conductivity and high optical transmittance.

[0004] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, according to one aspect of the present application, a solar cell is provided, comprising: a substrate having a first surface; a first transparent conductive layer located on one side of the substrate; a plurality of second transparent conductive layers spaced apart in a first direction, the second transparent conductive layer being located on a portion of the surface of the first transparent conductive layer away from the substrate, the first direction being parallel to the first surface; a plurality of transparent conductive portions spaced apart in a second direction, the transparent conductive portions comprising a first portion and a second portion, the first portion being located on a portion of the surface of the first transparent conductive layer away from the substrate, the second portion being located on a portion of the surface of the second transparent conductive layer away from the substrate, the second direction being parallel to the first surface, and the first direction intersecting with the second direction.

[0005] Optionally, a projection area of ​​the transparent conductive portion on the first surface accounts for 5%-50% of a projection area of ​​the first transparent conductive layer on the first surface.

[0006] Optionally, the thickness of the first transparent conductive layer is 0 nm-100 nm, the thickness of the second transparent conductive layer is 0 nm-100 nm, and the thickness of the transparent conductive portion is 0 nm-100 nm.

[0007] Optionally, the solar cell further includes: a perovskite layer located between the substrate and the first transparent conductive layer.

[0008] Optionally, the solar cell further comprises: a first carrier transport layer located between the substrate and the perovskite layer; and a second carrier transport layer located between the perovskite layer and the first transparent conductive layer.

[0009] Optionally, the solar cell further includes: a third transparent conductive layer located between the substrate and the first carrier transport layer.

[0010] Optionally, the solar cell further includes: a metal electrode layer located on a portion of the surface of the first transparent conductive layer away from the substrate, a portion of the surface of the second transparent conductive layer away from the substrate, and a portion of the surface of the transparent conductive portion away from the substrate.

[0011] Optionally, the material of the first transparent conductive layer includes at least one of ITO, IZO and AZO, the material of the second transparent conductive layer includes at least one of ITO, IZO and AZO, and the material of the transparent conductive part includes at least one of ITO, IZO and AZO.

[0012] According to another aspect of the present application, a solar cell assembly is provided, comprising any one of the solar cells described above.

[0013] According to another aspect of the present application, a photovoltaic system is provided, comprising the solar cell assembly.

[0014] Applying the technical solution of the present application, a solar cell includes a substrate, a first transparent conductive layer located on one side of the substrate, a plurality of second transparent conductive layers located on a partial surface of the first transparent conductive layer away from the substrate, and a plurality of transparent conductive portions including a first portion and a second portion, wherein the plurality of second transparent conductive layers are spaced apart in a first direction, the plurality of transparent conductive portions are spaced apart in a second direction, the first portion is located on a partial surface of the first transparent conductive layer away from the substrate, and the second portion is located on a partial surface of the second transparent conductive layer away from the substrate. Compared with the problem in the prior art that the front transparent conductive oxide layer of the solar cell is difficult to simultaneously meet the requirements of high conductivity and high optical transmittance, the solar cell of the present application includes a first transparent conductive layer, multiple second transparent conductive layers and multiple transparent conductive parts. Since the multiple second transparent conductive layers are arranged at intervals in the first direction, the multiple transparent conductive parts are arranged at intervals in the second direction, the first direction intersects with the second direction, and the multiple second transparent conductive layers and the multiple transparent conductive parts form a grid shape, the grid-shaped area where the second transparent conductive layer and the transparent conductive part intersect (i.e., the area where the second part is located) can make the film layer thicker in these areas, thereby ensuring that the conductivity of the solar cell is higher. In the area not covered by the second transparent conductive layer and the transparent conductive part, the thickness of the film layer is thinner, thereby ensuring that the optical transmittance of the solar cell is higher, thereby ensuring that the optical conversion efficiency of the solar cell is higher, achieving the dual requirements of high conductivity and high optical transmittance, and thus ensuring that the performance of the solar cell is better. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] The drawings constituting part of the present application are used to provide a further understanding of the present application. The exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present application are used to explain the present application and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present application. In the drawings:

[0016] Figure 1 A schematic top view of a solar cell provided according to an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0017] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a solar cell provided by an embodiment of the present application, wherein the area covered by the second part is cut along a second direction;

[0018] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a solar cell provided by an embodiment of the present application is shown, when the area covered by the first part is cut along the second direction.

[0019] The above drawings include the following reference numerals:

[0020] 11. First transparent conductive layer; 12. Second transparent conductive layer; 13. Transparent conductive portion; 131. First portion; 132. Second portion. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are illustrative and are intended to provide further explanation of the present application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present application belongs.

[0022] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0023] It should be understood that when an element (such as a layer, film, region, or substrate) is described as being "on" another element, the element may be directly on the other element, or there may be intermediate elements. Moreover, in the specification and claims, when an element is described as being "connected" to another element, the element may be "directly connected" to the other element, or "connected" to the other element through a third element.

[0024] As introduced in the background technology, it is difficult for the front transparent conductive oxide layer of solar cells in the prior art to simultaneously meet the requirements of high conductivity and high optical transmittance. To solve the above problems, the embodiments of the present application provide a solar cell, a solar cell module and a photovoltaic system.

[0025] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 1 A schematic top view of a solar cell provided according to an embodiment of the present application is shown. Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a solar cell provided by an embodiment of the present application is shown, when the area covered by the second part is cut along the second direction. Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a solar cell provided by an embodiment of the present application is shown, when the area covered by the first part is cut along the second direction.

[0027] The present application embodiment provides a solar cell, such as Figures 1 to 3 As shown, including:

[0028] a substrate (not shown) having a first surface;

[0029] A first transparent conductive layer 11, located on one side of the substrate;

[0030] A plurality of second transparent conductive layers 12 spaced apart in a first direction, wherein the second transparent conductive layers 12 are located on a surface of the first transparent conductive layer 11 that is away from the substrate, and the first direction is parallel to the first surface;

[0031] A plurality of transparent conductive portions 13 are spaced apart in a second direction, wherein the transparent conductive portions 13 include a first portion 131 and a second portion 132, wherein the first portion 131 is located on a surface portion of the first transparent conductive layer 11 away from the substrate, and the second portion 132 is located on a surface portion of the second transparent conductive layer 12 away from the substrate, wherein the second direction is parallel to the first surface, and the first direction intersects with the second direction.

[0032] Through the above embodiments, the solar cell includes a substrate, a first transparent conductive layer located on one side of the substrate, a plurality of second transparent conductive layers located on a portion of the surface of the first transparent conductive layer away from the substrate, and a plurality of transparent conductive portions including a first portion and a second portion, wherein the plurality of second transparent conductive layers are spaced apart in a first direction, the plurality of transparent conductive portions are spaced apart in a second direction, the first portion is located on a portion of the surface of the first transparent conductive layer away from the substrate, and the second portion is located on a portion of the surface of the second transparent conductive layer away from the substrate. Compared with the problem in the prior art that the front transparent conductive oxide layer of the solar cell is difficult to simultaneously meet the requirements of high conductivity and high optical transmittance, the solar cell of the present application includes a first transparent conductive layer, multiple second transparent conductive layers and multiple transparent conductive parts. Since the multiple second transparent conductive layers are arranged at intervals in the first direction, the multiple transparent conductive parts are arranged at intervals in the second direction, the first direction intersects with the second direction, and the multiple second transparent conductive layers and the multiple transparent conductive parts form a grid shape, the grid-shaped area where the second transparent conductive layer and the transparent conductive part intersect (i.e., the area where the second part is located) can make the film layer thicker in these areas, thereby ensuring that the conductivity of the solar cell is higher. In the area not covered by the second transparent conductive layer and the transparent conductive part, the thickness of the film layer is thinner, thereby ensuring that the optical transmittance of the solar cell is higher, thereby ensuring that the optical conversion efficiency of the solar cell is higher, achieving the dual requirements of high conductivity and high optical transmittance, and thus ensuring that the performance of the solar cell is better.

[0033] Specifically, the material of the substrate includes silicon, the substrate is a crystalline silicon bottom cell, and the thickness of the substrate is 0 μm-300 μm.

[0034] Specifically, Figures 1 to 3 As shown, in the embodiment of the present application, there are four second transparent conductive layers 12 and four transparent conductive parts 13 .

[0035] Specifically, Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the thickness of the first portion 131 and the second portion 132 are the same.

[0036] In an optional solution, the projected area of ​​the transparent conductive portion on the first surface accounts for 5%-50% of the projected area of ​​the first transparent conductive layer on the first surface. In this embodiment, by setting the projected area ratio of the transparent conductive portion to the first transparent conductive layer to be 5%-50%, the high conductivity and high optical transmittance of the solar cell are further guaranteed, thereby further ensuring the good performance of the solar cell.

[0037] In other embodiments, the thickness of the first transparent conductive layer is 0nm-100nm, the thickness of the second transparent conductive layer is 0nm-100nm, and the thickness of the transparent conductive portion is 0nm-100nm. In this embodiment, the thickness of the first transparent conductive layer, the second transparent conductive layer and the transparent conductive portion are all 0nm-100nm, which further ensures the high conductivity and high optical transmittance of the solar cell, thereby further ensuring the good performance of the solar cell.

[0038] According to some exemplary embodiments of the present application, the solar cell further includes: a perovskite layer located between the substrate and the first transparent conductive layer. In this embodiment, the solar cell further includes a perovskite layer located between the substrate and the first transparent conductive layer. The perovskite material has a high light absorption coefficient and an adjustable band gap, and can effectively absorb sunlight and convert it into electrical energy. Introducing the perovskite layer into the solar cell structure can make full use of the excellent photoelectric properties of the perovskite, and further ensure that the overall photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell is high.

[0039] Specifically, the thickness of the perovskite layer is 0 μm-3 μm.

[0040] According to some other exemplary embodiments of the present application, the solar cell further includes: a first carrier transport layer, located between the substrate and the perovskite layer; a second carrier transport layer, located between the perovskite layer and the first transparent conductive layer. In this embodiment, the solar cell further includes a first carrier transport layer and a second carrier transport layer, and the carrier transport layer can efficiently transport photogenerated carriers (electrons and holes) from the light absorption layer to the corresponding electrode, thereby ensuring that the recombination loss of the carriers during the transmission process is small, and further ensuring that the overall photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell is high.

[0041] Specifically, the thickness of the first carrier transport layer and the thickness of the second carrier transport layer are both 0 nm-100 nm.

[0042] In the embodiment of the present application, the first carrier transport layer is a hole transport layer, the second carrier transport layer is an electron transport layer, and the material of the hole transport layer includes Spiro-OMeTAD, PTAA, PEDOT:PSS and NiO x At least one of the materials of the electron transport layer includes at least one of SnO2, ZnO, TiO2, PCBM and C60.

[0043] In some other optional solutions of the present application, the solar cell further includes: a third transparent conductive layer located between the substrate and the first carrier transport layer. In this embodiment, by adding the third transparent conductive layer between the substrate and the first carrier transport layer, the absorption and utilization of light can be increased, ensuring a high generation rate of photogenerated carriers, and further ensuring a high photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0044] Specifically, the thickness of the third transparent conductive layer is 0 nm-50 nm, and the material of the third transparent conductive layer includes at least one of ITO, IZO and AZO.

[0045] In other embodiments, the solar cell further includes: a metal electrode layer, which is located on a portion of the surface of the first transparent conductive layer away from the substrate, a portion of the surface of the second transparent conductive layer away from the substrate, and a portion of the surface of the transparent conductive portion away from the substrate. In this embodiment, the solar cell further includes a metal electrode layer, which, as a good conductive material, can form an effective electrical connection with the first transparent conductive layer, the second transparent conductive layer, and the transparent conductive portion, thereby further ensuring that the overall conductive performance of the solar cell is good.

[0046] Specifically, the material of the metal electrode layer includes at least one of Au, Ag, Cu and Al, and the thickness of the metal electrode layer is 0 μm-50 μm.

[0047] In some other optional schemes of the present application, the material of the first transparent conductive layer includes at least one of ITO, IZO and AZO, the material of the second transparent conductive layer includes at least one of ITO, IZO and AZO, and the material of the transparent conductive portion includes at least one of ITO, IZO and AZO. In this embodiment, the material of the first transparent conductive layer, the material of the second transparent conductive layer and the material of the transparent conductive portion all include at least one of ITO, IZO and AZO. ITO, IZO and AZO are all transparent conductive materials with good conductivity and high visible light transmittance, which further ensures the good performance of the solar cell.

[0048] An embodiment of the present application also provides a solar cell assembly, comprising any one of the above-mentioned solar cells.

[0049] In the above embodiment, the solar cell assembly includes a solar cell, which includes a substrate, a first transparent conductive layer located on one side of the substrate, a plurality of second transparent conductive layers located on a portion of the surface of the first transparent conductive layer away from the substrate, and a plurality of transparent conductive portions including a first portion and a second portion, wherein the plurality of second transparent conductive layers are spaced apart in a first direction, the plurality of transparent conductive portions are spaced apart in a second direction, the first portion is located on a portion of the surface of the first transparent conductive layer away from the substrate, and the second portion is located on a portion of the surface of the second transparent conductive layer away from the substrate. Compared with the problem in the prior art that the front transparent conductive oxide layer of the solar cell is difficult to simultaneously meet the requirements of high conductivity and high optical transmittance, the solar cell of the present application includes a first transparent conductive layer, multiple second transparent conductive layers and multiple transparent conductive parts. Since the multiple second transparent conductive layers are arranged at intervals in the first direction, the multiple transparent conductive parts are arranged at intervals in the second direction, the first direction intersects with the second direction, and the multiple second transparent conductive layers and the multiple transparent conductive parts form a grid shape, the grid-shaped area where the second transparent conductive layer and the transparent conductive part intersect (that is, the area where the second part is located) can make the film layer thicker in these areas, thereby ensuring that the conductivity of the solar cell is higher. In the area not covered by the second transparent conductive layer and the transparent conductive part, the thickness of the film layer is thinner, thereby ensuring that the optical transmittance of the solar cell is higher, thereby ensuring that the optical conversion efficiency of the solar cell is higher, and achieving the dual requirements of high conductivity and high optical transmittance, thereby ensuring that the performance of the solar cell is better, thereby ensuring that the performance of the solar cell module is better.

[0050] An embodiment of the present application also provides a photovoltaic system, comprising the above-mentioned solar cell assembly.

[0051] In the above embodiment, the photovoltaic system includes a solar cell assembly, the solar cell assembly includes a solar cell, the solar cell includes a substrate, a first transparent conductive layer located on one side of the substrate, a plurality of second transparent conductive layers located on a portion of the surface of the first transparent conductive layer away from the substrate, and a plurality of transparent conductive portions including a first portion and a second portion, wherein the plurality of second transparent conductive layers are spaced apart in a first direction, the plurality of transparent conductive portions are spaced apart in a second direction, the first portion is located on a portion of the surface of the first transparent conductive layer away from the substrate, and the second portion is located on a portion of the surface of the second transparent conductive layer away from the substrate. Compared with the problem in the prior art that the front transparent conductive oxide layer of the solar cell is difficult to simultaneously meet the requirements of high conductivity and high optical transmittance, the solar cell of the present application includes a first transparent conductive layer, multiple second transparent conductive layers and multiple transparent conductive parts. Since the multiple second transparent conductive layers are arranged at intervals in the first direction, the multiple transparent conductive parts are arranged at intervals in the second direction, the first direction intersects with the second direction, and the multiple second transparent conductive layers and the multiple transparent conductive parts form a grid shape, the grid-shaped area where the second transparent conductive layer and the transparent conductive part intersect (i.e., the area where the second part is located) can make the film layer thicker in these areas, thereby ensuring that the conductivity of the solar cell is higher. In the area not covered by the second transparent conductive layer and the transparent conductive part, the thickness of the film layer is thinner, thereby ensuring that the optical transmittance of the solar cell is higher, thereby ensuring that the optical conversion efficiency of the solar cell is higher, and achieving the dual requirements of high conductivity and high optical transmittance, thereby ensuring that the performance of the solar cell is better, thereby ensuring that the energy output of the photovoltaic system is higher.

[0052] From the above description, it can be seen that the above embodiments of the present application achieve the following technical effects:

[0053] 1) In the solar cell of the present application, the solar cell includes a substrate, a first transparent conductive layer located on one side of the substrate, a plurality of second transparent conductive layers located on a portion of the surface of the first transparent conductive layer away from the substrate, and a plurality of transparent conductive portions including a first portion and a second portion, wherein the plurality of second transparent conductive layers are spaced apart in a first direction, the plurality of transparent conductive portions are spaced apart in a second direction, the first portion is located on a portion of the surface of the first transparent conductive layer away from the substrate, and the second portion is located on a portion of the surface of the second transparent conductive layer away from the substrate. Compared with the problem in the prior art that the front transparent conductive oxide layer of the solar cell is difficult to simultaneously meet the requirements of high conductivity and high optical transmittance, the solar cell of the present application includes a first transparent conductive layer, multiple second transparent conductive layers and multiple transparent conductive parts. Since the multiple second transparent conductive layers are arranged at intervals in the first direction, the multiple transparent conductive parts are arranged at intervals in the second direction, the first direction intersects with the second direction, and the multiple second transparent conductive layers and the multiple transparent conductive parts form a grid shape, the grid-shaped area where the second transparent conductive layer and the transparent conductive part intersect (i.e., the area where the second part is located) can make the film layer thicker in these areas, thereby ensuring that the conductivity of the solar cell is higher. In the area not covered by the second transparent conductive layer and the transparent conductive part, the thickness of the film layer is thinner, thereby ensuring that the optical transmittance of the solar cell is higher, thereby ensuring that the optical conversion efficiency of the solar cell is higher, achieving the dual requirements of high conductivity and high optical transmittance, and thus ensuring that the performance of the solar cell is better.

[0054] 2) In the solar cell module of the present application, the solar cell module includes a solar cell, and the solar cell includes a substrate, a first transparent conductive layer located on one side of the substrate, a plurality of second transparent conductive layers located on a portion of the surface of the first transparent conductive layer away from the substrate, and a plurality of transparent conductive portions including a first portion and a second portion, wherein the plurality of second transparent conductive layers are spaced apart in a first direction, the plurality of transparent conductive portions are spaced apart in a second direction, the first portion is located on a portion of the surface of the first transparent conductive layer away from the substrate, and the second portion is located on a portion of the surface of the second transparent conductive layer away from the substrate. Compared with the problem in the prior art that the front transparent conductive oxide layer of the solar cell is difficult to simultaneously meet the requirements of high conductivity and high optical transmittance, the solar cell of the present application includes a first transparent conductive layer, multiple second transparent conductive layers and multiple transparent conductive parts. Since the multiple second transparent conductive layers are arranged at intervals in the first direction, the multiple transparent conductive parts are arranged at intervals in the second direction, the first direction intersects with the second direction, and the multiple second transparent conductive layers and the multiple transparent conductive parts form a grid shape, the grid-shaped area where the second transparent conductive layer and the transparent conductive part intersect (that is, the area where the second part is located) can make the film layer thicker in these areas, thereby ensuring that the conductivity of the solar cell is higher. In the area not covered by the second transparent conductive layer and the transparent conductive part, the thickness of the film layer is thinner, thereby ensuring that the optical transmittance of the solar cell is higher, thereby ensuring that the optical conversion efficiency of the solar cell is higher, and achieving the dual requirements of high conductivity and high optical transmittance, thereby ensuring that the performance of the solar cell is better, thereby ensuring that the performance of the solar cell module is better.

[0055] 3) In the photovoltaic system of the present application, the photovoltaic system includes a solar cell module, the solar cell module includes a solar cell, the solar cell includes a substrate, a first transparent conductive layer located on one side of the substrate, a plurality of second transparent conductive layers located on a portion of the surface of the first transparent conductive layer away from the substrate, and a plurality of transparent conductive portions including a first portion and a second portion, wherein the plurality of second transparent conductive layers are spaced apart in a first direction, the plurality of transparent conductive portions are spaced apart in a second direction, the first portion is located on a portion of the surface of the first transparent conductive layer away from the substrate, and the second portion is located on a portion of the surface of the second transparent conductive layer away from the substrate. Compared with the problem in the prior art that the front transparent conductive oxide layer of the solar cell is difficult to simultaneously meet the requirements of high conductivity and high optical transmittance, the solar cell of the present application includes a first transparent conductive layer, multiple second transparent conductive layers and multiple transparent conductive parts. Since the multiple second transparent conductive layers are arranged at intervals in the first direction, the multiple transparent conductive parts are arranged at intervals in the second direction, the first direction intersects with the second direction, and the multiple second transparent conductive layers and the multiple transparent conductive parts form a grid shape, the grid-shaped area where the second transparent conductive layer and the transparent conductive part intersect (i.e., the area where the second part is located) can make the film layer thicker in these areas, thereby ensuring that the conductivity of the solar cell is higher. In the area not covered by the second transparent conductive layer and the transparent conductive part, the thickness of the film layer is thinner, thereby ensuring that the optical transmittance of the solar cell is higher, thereby ensuring that the optical conversion efficiency of the solar cell is higher, and achieving the dual requirements of high conductivity and high optical transmittance, thereby ensuring that the performance of the solar cell is better, thereby ensuring that the energy output of the photovoltaic system is higher.

[0056] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A solar cell, characterized in that: include: A substrate having a first surface; A first transparent conductive layer, located on one side of the substrate; A plurality of second transparent conductive layers spaced apart in a first direction, wherein the second transparent conductive layers are located on a surface of the first transparent conductive layer that is away from the substrate, and the first direction is parallel to the first surface; A plurality of transparent conductive portions are spaced apart in a second direction, the transparent conductive portions comprising a first portion and a second portion, the first portion being located on a portion of the surface of the first transparent conductive layer away from the substrate, the second portion being located on a portion of the surface of the second transparent conductive layer away from the substrate, the second direction being parallel to the first surface, and the first direction intersecting with the second direction.

2. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The projection area of ​​the transparent conductive portion on the first surface accounts for 5%-50% of the projection area of ​​the first transparent conductive layer on the first surface.

3. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that The thickness of the first transparent conductive layer is 0nm-100nm, the thickness of the second transparent conductive layer is 0nm-100nm, and the thickness of the transparent conductive portion is 0nm-100nm.

4. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that The solar cell further comprises: The perovskite layer is located between the substrate and the first transparent conductive layer.

5. The solar cell according to claim 4, characterized in that: The solar cell further comprises: A first carrier transport layer, located between the substrate and the perovskite layer; The second carrier transport layer is located between the perovskite layer and the first transparent conductive layer.

6. The solar cell according to claim 5, characterized in that: The solar cell further comprises: The third transparent conductive layer is located between the substrate and the first carrier transport layer.

7. The solar cell according to claim 6, characterized in that: The solar cell further comprises: The metal electrode layer is located on a portion of the surface of the first transparent conductive layer away from the substrate, a portion of the surface of the second transparent conductive layer away from the substrate, and a portion of the surface of the transparent conductive portion away from the substrate.

8. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that The material of the first transparent conductive layer includes at least one of ITO, IZO and AZO, the material of the second transparent conductive layer includes at least one of ITO, IZO and AZO, and the material of the transparent conductive part includes at least one of ITO, IZO and AZO.

9. A solar cell module, characterized in that: A solar cell comprising the solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A photovoltaic system, characterized in that: A solar cell module comprising the solar cell module according to claim 9.

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