Pin

Abstract

The invention relates to a pin for the coupling between a tooth and an adapter of an earth moving machine, the pin having an elongated revolving body about an axis and being inserted between the tooth and the adapter to secure the coupling therebetween. The pin of the invention has a specific configuration on the contour or periphery of at least one of the two ends thereof.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a pin for the connection between a tooth and an adapter of an earth-moving machine, the pin having an elongated body of revolution about an axis and inserted between the tooth and the adapter to fix the connection between the two. The tooth is generally a hollow body having at least two opposite side walls provided with holes, so that the nose of the adapter provided with a through passage is inserted into the hollow body, and when the tooth is assembled on the adapter, the through passage is aligned with the hole of the tooth. The pin is inserted through one of the two holes of the tooth, thereby traversing the assembly. The assembly generally includes a retaining device to fix the position of the pin between the tooth and the adapter and to keep the pin in said position. The pin object of the invention has a specific configuration on the profile or periphery of at least one of its two ends.

[0002] The invention is particularly applicable in the field of public works, for example in excavation and mining. Background Art

[0003] Excavators and similar machines, such as those used in public works, quarries, dredging and mining projects, are used to pull out, move and load earth and stone. These machines are usually provided with a bucket attached to a mechanical arm. The bucket is provided with a blade or a chamfered lip on the front edge for cutting into and penetrating large quantities of earth and stone. In order to prevent excessive wear of the blade and to facilitate penetration of the earth, teeth associated with the blade are usually assembled, protruding from the front edge of the blade. However, the teeth are also subject to wear and breakage, so they must be replaced frequently, and in addition, depending on the work to be performed by the machine, it may be desirable to change the type or shape of the teeth. This replacement is facilitated by using an adapter and teeth fixed to the blade of the bucket in a more or less permanent manner, so that each tooth is releasably assembled on the adapter by a pin. Usually, the pin crosses the hole of the tooth and crosses the channel of the adapter so as to fix the tooth to the adapter, thereby ensuring the connection between the two using a retaining device to fix the pin in its assembled position, thereby preventing the pin from being dislocated when the machine is working and the tooth / adapter / pin system is subjected to significant stress. The holes in the teeth are located on opposite walls, and the walls may be arranged on the side surfaces of the teeth to allow horizontal insertion of the pins, or on the upper and lower surfaces to allow vertical insertion of the pins.

[0004] When the tooth is assembled on the adapter and the pin is in its assembled position, i.e. in the locked position locking the tooth to the adapter, the end of the pin is located in the hole of the tooth and the central part of the pin is located in the channel of the adapter. Inverted systems commonly used in dredging operations are also known, in which the adapter comprises a hollow space in which the tooth is inserted, so that the adapter comprises opposite walls with a hole and the tooth comprises a nose with a channel for inserting the pin.

[0005] Furthermore, between the cavity of the tooth and the nose of the adapter, or in the case of an inverted system, between the nose of the tooth and the cavity of the adapter, there is a mating surface, and when the tooth / adapter assembly is in operation, the tooth tends to rotate relative to the adapter and with the axis of the pin as the center of rotation, causing the mating surfaces of the tooth and the adapter to come into contact with each other, thereby exerting a significant pressure. Depending on the direction of the force applied at the tip of the tooth during operation, a contact is created between the pin, the tooth and the adapter, in which the force is equal to the force applied by the topography on the tip of the tooth, thereby generating a reaction force tending to separate the tooth from the adapter. The pin locks the tooth and prevents it from falling out, i.e. the pin receives the push of the tooth at its end, being supported on the inner wall of the hole of the tooth, while the adapter fixes / locks the pin from its central position. In this case, the pin is subjected to stresses that pull on its ends but are locked in its central area, and this stress can be so great that it bends the pin. When the pin bends, its axis of rotation changes from a straight line to a curve, so that since the axis of rotation is not a straight line, when the pin is to be rotated to remove the pin and then disassemble the tooth from the adapter, this causes the pin to be unable to rotate, thereby making it difficult to remove the pin from the assembly when the tooth needs to be replaced due to wear.

[0006] A fixing system comprising at least one pin and at least one retaining device or element typically has a resilient feature provided to the fixing system by the retaining device so that the pin can be fixed and released without destroying the pin, while allowing it to be inserted into and removed from the system in a simple, preferably hammerless manner (i.e., without the need for a hammer), thereby making the system safer.

[0007] In order to assemble and disassemble the pin, the fixing system generally requires a tool which allows the pin to be rotated inside its housing between the tooth and the adapter so that one or both ends of the pin are accommodated in the retaining means of the system. The retaining means are generally formed by two metal elongated bodies which define between them a space for accommodating the ends of the pin, i.e. the elongated bodies are inserted into two opposite recesses arranged on the body of the pin. The retaining means can be fixed to the tooth or to the adapter. Examples of such retaining systems are described in patent applications WO201304858 A1 and WO2017137619 A1.

[0008] As mentioned above, when the tooth-adapter-pin assembly is in operation, the pin may bend, which affects the removal of the pin from the assembly formed by the tooth and the pin. In order to remove the pin, the pin will have to be rotated, and if the pin is bent during operation, it is more difficult to move it, because the axis of rotation no longer coincides with the axis of revolution of the pin, that is, the axis of rotation is no longer linear (see Fig.10 The curved axis x' in the figure is the same as the straight axis x in the same figure).

[0009] The invention allows the pin to be removed even if it has been bent during operation, so that when the rotation to release the pin begins, the contact between the tooth and the pin disappears and, after the disappearance of said contact point, the rotation for the removal of the pin can be performed without resistance due to the absence of friction between the tooth and the pin. Summary of the invention

[0010] In order to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks in order to facilitate the disassembly of a pin in an assembly formed by a tooth and an adapter for subsequent replacement of the tooth, a first object of the present invention is a pin according to claim 1 .

[0011] Namely, the invention relates to a pin for coupling between a tooth and an adapter of an earth-moving machine, wherein the pin is formed by a single elongated body of revolution relative to a swivel axis. The pin has an actuation device for a tool at at least one of its two ends. The pin comprises a pressure zone at at least one of the two ends of the body of the pin, wherein the length of the pressure zone is less than the total length L of the elongated body of revolution and the pressure zone has along its entire length a cross section perpendicular to the axis of revolution, the axis of revolution defining a center point at the intersection between the axis of revolution and the cross section, wherein the cross section is delimited by a contour line, the contour line being characterized in that the contour line comprises:

[0012] - a first segment formed by a first arc between a first point and a second point and centered at said center point;

[0013] - a second segment after the first point and the first segment, wherein the points forming the contour line in the second segment are located at a distance from the center point that is smaller than the radius of the first arc.

[0014] Optionally, a third segment is provided in the profile after the second point and the first segment, wherein the points forming the profile in the third segment are located at a distance from the center point that is less than the radius of the first arc. This configuration of the pin occurs before use with the tooth and the adapter, given that after operation of the assembly, the pin may be deformed (in particular bent) and the pressure zone may not have all its cross sections perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the pin.

[0015] The outer surface of the pin (including the surface of the pressure zone) is a continuous surface without protrusions or abrupt changes of direction, because all cross sections of the pin along its entire axis of revolution have at least a first segment formed by a first arc centered at a central point, so that a cross section through this first segment along the axis of revolution will determine a straight line in the profile of the pin. Outside the pressure zone, the cross section of the body of the pin is preferably circular, the radius of the first arc decreasing slightly as they move away from the pressure zone, thereby determining a slightly conical pin body.

[0016] Thus, if the body of the pin is cylindrical, it will have a generatrix parallel to the axis of revolution, at least in the section corresponding to the first section, and if the body of the pin is conical, the generatrix will form an angle of up to 5° with the axis of revolution.

[0017] In short, the surface of the body of the pin is constant, without protrusions, since the radius of the first arc of the first segment of the pressure zone is equal to the radius of the body of revolution of the pin (with small variations in the case of a slightly conical pin), on which body a correction has been made to determine at least the second segment in the pressure zone.

[0018] This pressure zone represents the area in which the pin will come into contact with the tooth (specifically, with the inner wall of one or more holes of the tooth), said holes being traversed by the pin, in order to couple the pin in the assembly formed by the tooth and the pin. In particular, the length of the pressure zone will be similar to the thickness of the side wall in which the one or more holes of the tooth are located. Depending on the type of work intended for the tooth and its size, the tooth will have one or two holes on the opposite wall to insert the pin. Likewise, at least in the area where the pin comes into contact, the walls of the hole of the tooth are preferably circular or preferably almost circular, so as to thus ensure contact between the two; based on the area in which they come into contact with each other, the hole of the tooth may not be circular, for example, it may be elliptical. Typically, the hole is not circular.

[0019] The presence of the second and / or third section will depend on the direction of rotation of the pin for removing the pin, so that if the pin only rotates in one direction, then only the second section will need to be provided in addition to the first section, but if the pin can rotate in both directions, then the pin will also need to include a third section, so that the second and third sections are each arranged behind the end of the first section.

[0020] In addition to the aforementioned segments, the contour line may have other segments, for example, a fourth segment connecting the ends of the second segment and the third segment.

[0021] The pressure zone is arranged at either of the two ends of the body of the pin, but the pressure zone will preferably be arranged at the end of the pin where preferably an actuating means for a tool is located, the tool allowing the activation of the rotation of the pin. Preferably, the actuating means is a housing for inserting a tool, the tool allowing the pin to be rotated for assembly and disassembly of the pin. Alternatively, the actuating means for the tool is a protrusion. Likewise, both ends of the body of the pin can have pressure zones with the same characteristics as highlighted above, so that the disassembly of the pin is facilitated, since both ends of the pin can be acted on even at the same time. Preferably, both ends of the pin have pressure zones as described above.

[0022] The length of the first arc is between 5% and 20% of the total length of the contour or perimeter of the contact area of ​​the pin, preferably between 10% and 15%. Likewise, the length of the pressure area along the body of the pin is between 5% and 20% of the total length L of the pin, preferably between 10% and 15%.

[0023] The surface of the contact area of ​​the pin may include a protrusion, preferably on the surface opposite to the first arc of the pressure area, which helps to position the pin for insertion into at least one hole of the tooth and the channel of the adapter, thereby helping to properly secure the pin in a retaining element arranged in the tooth-adapter assembly.

[0024] Likewise, in order to be fixed in the retaining element, the pin has at least two diametrically opposed notches on its surface. The notches are arranged close to one or more ends of the pin, depending on where the one or more retaining elements are to be located, i.e. on one side or on both sides of the adapter. If the end of the pin comprises a pressure area, the notches are preferably arranged behind the pressure area.

[0025] The structure of the pin object of the invention allows in particular a more advantageous and simpler disassembly thereof, mainly when the tooth-adapter-pin assembly is deformed after operation. In operation, the pin is in contact at its end with the hole of the tooth, in particular with the inner wall of said hole, and is pushed outwards by the tooth at said end, and said outward push is locked by the adapter, causing the pin to be arched by the tooth between two pressure zones. Due to the configuration of the structure of at least one pressure zone of the pin, when the pin is inserted in the working position, the pin is fixed when it is pressed on two opposite points or lines of the inner wall of the hole of the tooth. That is, the pin will be in contact at least one point of the first section of the cross section and at least one diametrically opposite point relative to the center point, preferably along the length of the pressure zone, but when the pin is rotated less than 90° in order to remove the pin, the mentioned contact at said point of the hole of the tooth disappears, thus facilitating the disassembly of the pin. The way of assembling the pin will depend on the tooth-adapter assembly and the retaining device used by the assembly, although independent of the tooth-adapter assembly, several steps are similar. The main steps of assembling the pin are:

[0026] - inserting the pin into the housing formed by the hole of the tooth and the channel of the adapter, pushing the pin into said hole, into which it enters with a certain play; and

[0027] - Once the pin is partially inserted, it is pushed to complete the insertion into the housing until the notch of the pin reaches the retainer, at which point a click-like sound produced when the pin is inserted between the two substantially parallel arms of the retaining means will indicate that the pin has been locked. The pin will come into contact with the wall of the hole of the tooth through a first section of the pressure area and a point or line diametrically opposite to the first section, while the second and third sections will not come into contact with the wall of the hole, they will be on both sides and, after said contact, will not play any role during the service life of the tooth. The mentioned contact between the pin and the wall of the hole of the tooth is ensured only at the beginning of the work of the system, since if there is no stress, the above-mentioned reaction leading to the removal of the tooth will not occur. Only during assembly there may be no contact between the pin and the inner surface of the hole or holes of the tooth.

[0028] The reference for the correct position of the pin in the receptacle is preferably the projection which is located opposite the first section of the pressure zone of the pin.

[0029] After assembly work, the pin will be more likely to bulge due to the stress experienced by the teeth, which tend to pop out of the adapter, causing the pin to bulge when the teeth of the pin are pulled outward. Due to the pin bending, the gap that initially existed when the pin was inserted into the tooth and adapter assembly is partially eliminated.

[0030] In order to disassemble the tooth and adapter assembly, the pin must be removed from its housing, and to do so, the following steps must be followed:

[0031] - Rotate the pin by at least 90° in one of the two directions of rotation to eliminate the contact between the pin and the tooth. Depending on the design of the pin and the coupling assembly, the pin can rotate in one direction, in the opposite direction or in both directions. In the case where the coupling assembly between the tooth and the adapter allows the pin to rotate in both directions, the pin will have a first section, a second section and a third section. By the rotation of the pin, the first section is no longer in contact with the tooth, in particular, no longer in contact with the inner wall of the hole of the tooth, and the second section or the third section allows a gap between the pin and the tooth. The function of the second and third sections of the pin is to prevent friction caused by contact of 90° between one or more ends of the body of the pin and the wall of the hole of the tooth, as occurs in the pins of the prior art already described. After operation, the pin is deformed and the angle of rotation no longer corresponds to the axis of the channel of the adapter and the axis of the hole of the tooth, making it necessary to drag the pin in contact with the tooth by 90°, making the removal of the pin difficult and expensive, especially in high compaction applications. By means of the invention, by a rotation less than said 90°, possibly by a rotation of a quarter of said 90° or less, the contact between the pin and the tooth is released, thereby facilitating the remaining rotation required until said pin is unlocked.

[0032] - Once the contact between the pin and the tooth is released by the second or third section, the pin can be removed from the channel and the tooth can be removed from the adapter accordingly.

[0033] As mentioned above, the pin has at least actuating means for a tool, preferably a housing for inserting a tool, so as to facilitate the rotation of the pin during disassembly, and the pin similarly has a projection that comes into contact with a ramp located on the tooth, on which the projection slides when the pin is rotated, which ramp moves the pin outwards, thus facilitating its removal. Preferably, the conical shape of the pin even further facilitates the removal of the pin from its housing.

[0034] Preferably, the tooth comprises holes located on opposite walls, and the walls may be located on the side surfaces of the tooth so that the pin is inserted horizontally, or on the upper and lower surfaces so that the pin is inserted vertically. Likewise, although the present invention relates to a tooth comprising a hole for inserting a pin and an adapter comprising a channel, the adapter may comprise a hollow space in which the tooth is inserted, so that the adapter comprises opposite walls with holes, and the tooth comprises a nose with a channel for inserting the pin. The latter configuration is usually found in systems operated with dredging.

[0035] A second object of the invention is a system for connection between a tooth and an adapter for an earth-moving machine, the system being formed by a tooth, an adapter and a pin, such as the one described above, in which at least two opposing walls with through holes and a nose with a passage are arranged, the holes and the nose being traversed by the pin. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] In order to facilitate the understanding of the present invention, the following drawings are attached:

[0037] Figure 1 Shown is a perspective view of the assembly formed by the tooth, the adapter and the pin object of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 2 A perspective view showing the pin object of the invention in the nose of an adapter.

[0039] Figure 3 A perspective view of a housing of a tooth is shown, the tooth having two holes for receiving a pin and having a retaining element coupled to one of the inner walls of the cavity of the tooth.

[0040] Figure 4 Shows Figure 3 A view in which the pin object of the invention is inserted into the hole of the tooth and into the retaining element.

[0041] Figure 5 A perspective view of a pin object of the present invention is shown.

[0042] Figure 6 Another perspective view of the pin object of the present invention is shown.

[0043] Figure 7Shown is a side view of a pin which is the object of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 8 A front view of the end of a pin showing the pressure areas, which is the object of the present invention.

[0045] Fig. 9 Detail of the end of the pin, object of the present invention, showing the pressure area.

[0046] Fig.10 The assembly formed by tooth, adapter and pin is shown in section along the axis of rotation of the pin object of the present invention.

[0047] Fig.11 A partial side view of the tooth, adapter and pin assembly is shown when the pin is in the working position, with the pressure area of ​​the pin in contact with the inner wall of the hole of the tooth.

[0048] Fig.12 A partial side view of the tooth, adapter and pin assembly is shown when the pin is in the position to be removed, ie the pressure area of ​​the pin is not in contact with the inner wall of the tooth.

[0049] Fig.13 A partial side view of the pin is shown with part of it removed.

[0050] Fig.14 A front view of the end of an alternative pin, object of the present invention, showing the pressure areas.

[0051] Fig.15 A front view of the end of another alternative pin, object of the present invention, showing the pressure areas.

[0052] Fig.16 A front view of the end of an alternative pin, object of the present invention, showing the pressure areas.

[0053] Fig.17 Shown is a front view of the end of a replacement pin of the destination of the present invention, showing the pressure areas.

[0054] Fig.18 A front view of the end of an alternative pin, object of the present invention, showing the pressure areas.

[0055] Fig.19 A perspective view of another pin object of the present invention is shown, the pin having a second alternative end.

[0056] Fig. 20 A perspective view of another pin object of the present invention is shown, the pin having a second alternative end with a notch.

[0057] Fig.21A perspective view of a pin, another object of the invention, is shown, the pin having a first end with actuating means in the form of a protrusion for actuating a tool. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] The present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0059] Figures 1 to 4 The different parts of a tooth 20 and adapter 30 coupling assembly for moving earth and rock are shown. The assembly is preferably coupled to the bucket of a shovel of a rock and earth moving machine by means of a rear portion 33 of the adapter 30. The coupling between the parts is performed by inserting the nose 31 of the adapter 30 into the cavity 21 of the tooth 20. Once the adapter 30 and the tooth 20 are coupled, the holes 22 located on two opposite walls of the tooth 20 and the passage 32 through the nose 31 of the adapter 30 are aligned. The tooth 20 may include only one hole 22 in one of its walls. Likewise, the tooth 20 has a retaining element 40 within the cavity 21, which is associated with at least one of the walls of the tooth 20 having the hole 22, the retaining element 40 being formed by two, preferably metallic, parallel elongated arms 41 that cross the hole 22. If the tooth 20 has two holes 22, the tooth may include a retaining element 40 in each wall that crosses each hole 22.

[0060] To secure the coupling between the tooth 20 and the adapter 30, the pin 10 is inserted through one of the holes 22 of the tooth 20 until the pin 10 crosses the retaining element 40, thereby securing the coupling of the assembly of the tooth 20, the adapter 30 and the pin 10. The pin 10 has at one end of its surface at least two opposing notches 15 into which the arms 41 of the retaining element 40 are inserted when the pin 10 is inserted between them. When the arms 41 are inserted into the notches 15 of the pin 10, they make a sound when the arms 41 hit the bottom of the notches 15, which is a "click" type sound, thereby ensuring the correct positioning of the pin.

[0061] Alternatively, the pin 10 may include a pair of notches 15 at either or each of the two ends of its surface, depending on the assembly formed by the tooth 20 and the adapter 30, which will be selected according to the work to be performed.

[0062] Figures 5 to 91 . An embodiment of a pin 10, object of the invention, is depicted in FIG. That is, a pin 10 formed by a single elongated body of revolution relative to an axis of revolution x is depicted. The pin 10 has, at a first of its two ends 11, a housing 13 for inserting a tool that facilitates the removal of the pin from the assembly formed by the tooth 20 and the adapter 30. Likewise, the same first end 11 comprises a projection 14 that facilitates the positioning of the pin 10 for insertion into the tooth 20 and adapter 30 assembly and facilitates sliding on the ramp in the hole 22 of the tooth 20 to facilitate the removal of the pin 10 as it rotates. The second end 12 of the pin 10, opposite to the first end 11, has two inclined surfaces cut from a conical or cylindrical surface of the pin 10 by two inclined planes on opposite sides of the surface of the pin 10. This form of the second end 12 facilitates the insertion of the pin 10 between the arms 41 of the retaining element 40.

[0063] Figures 19 to 21 An alternative form of pin is shown. That is, Fig.19 A pin is shown with a different second end 12 having a cut-out 121 made of an inclined plane. Fig. 20 A pin is shown which has, in addition to the notch 15 at the first end 11 , a notch 150 at its second end. Fig.21 Describes something like Figure 5 Another pin of the pin has a projection 130 as an actuating device for the tool instead of a receiving portion 13 like the previous pin. Fig.21 The pin of also has a cut-out 122 made of an inclined plane. It should be mentioned that the pin preferably has a pressure area at each of its two ends, depicted by the inclined cut-outs 121 , 122 in these figures.

[0064] The pin 10 has a pressure zone at the first end 11 which is in contact with the tooth 20, in particular with the inner wall of the hole 22 of the tooth 20. The length d of said pressure zone is less than the total length L of the elongated body of the pin 10. Along the entire length d, said pressure zone has a section perpendicular to the axis of revolution x, which defines a central point O at the intersection between the axis of revolution x and said section. These sections of the body of the pin 10 are delimited by contour lines or perimeter lines comprising:

[0065] - a first segment 50 formed by a first arc DE between a first point D and a second point E and centered at said central point O;

[0066] a second segment 51 after the first point D and after the first segment 50, wherein the points forming the contour in this second segment 51 are located at a distance from the centre point O that is less than the radius of the first arc 50, this radius being equal to the distance between the centre point O and the first point D or to the distance between the centre point O and the second point E; and

[0067] - a third segment after the second point E and after the first segment 50, wherein the point forming the contour line in this second segment 51 is located at a distance from the center point O that is less than the radius of the first arc 50, which radius is equal to the distance between the center point O and the first point D or equal to the distance between the center point O and the second point E.

[0068] The structure and construction of the pin 10 facilitates the removal of the pin 10 from the assembly formed by the tooth 20, the adapter 30 and the pin 10 after the assembly has performed its work. Fig.10 As can be observed in the system of FIG. 1 , when in operation, the pin 10 is in contact with the inner wall of the hole 22 of the tooth 20 at its ends 11, 12. The pressure zone of the pin 10 has a length d approximately equal to the width of the hole 22 of the tooth 20, since this is the zone of the pin 10 in contact with the tooth 20. During said operation, the tooth 20 is pushed outwards in the direction of the arrow F.ext, which causes the ends 11, 12 of the pin 10 supported in the hole 22 of the tooth 20 to be pushed in the same direction as the tooth 20, while the central zone of said pin 10 is located in the channel 32 of the adapter 30. Said forces on the ends 11, 12 of the pin 10 cause the pin 10 to bulge between the two pressure zones with the hole of the tooth 20, causing the pin 10 to bend. Therefore, the rotation axis x of the pin 10, after bulging in operation, can become a curve x', which would make it difficult to remove the pin if it were not for the pressure zone with a perimeter or contour line like the above. This is because, once the pin is bent after work and due to the presence of a bending axis, in order for the pin to rotate, the pin needs more rotation space than when there is no bending axis (because the pin is located in the channel of the adapter and in the hole of the tooth), so that after friction occurs in the rotation between the hole of the tooth and the pressure area of ​​the pin, the pin is no longer in contact with the tooth, thereby eliminating friction and facilitating the rotation of the pin.

[0069] The length d of the pressure zone is between 5% and 20% and preferably between 10% and 15% of the total length L of the body of the pin 10. Said length d of the pressure zone will depend on the type of teeth and adapter forming the working assembly.

[0070] Fig.11 The first end 11 of the pin 10 is shown in its working position, wherein the arm 41 of the retaining element 40 is located in the recess 15 of the pin 10, so that the pin 10 is retained in the assembly formed by the tooth 20 and the adapter 30. The first arc DE or first segment 50 of the pressure zone exerts pressure on the inner wall of the hole 22 of the tooth.

[0071] To be able to remove pin 10 ( Fig.12 ), the pin must be Fig.11 15. The pin 10 is rotated in one of the two directions shown, so that the arms 41 of the retaining element 40 come out of the notches 15 of the pin 10, thereby releasing the pin and enabling its removal. However, since the pin 10 has been bent during the operation of the tooth 20 / adapter 30 assembly, said rotation cannot be performed simply unless the perimeter or contour line of the pressure zone of the pin 10 is corrected as described. By changing the form of the contour or perimeter line of the pressure zone of the pin 10, once said pin 10 is rotated inside the hole 22 of the tooth 20, the first section 50 is no longer in contact with the tooth 20, and the second section 51 or the third section 52, depending on the direction of rotation, now faces the part of the hole 22 of the tooth 20 with which the first section 50 of the pin 10 was in contact. Said second section 51 and third section 52 allow a gap to exist between the pin 10 and the inner wall of the tooth 20, thereby preventing friction caused by contact between the pressure zone at the first end 11 of the body of the pin 10 and the wall of the hole of the tooth. Thus, by means of the invention, in the case of a rotation less than said 90°, possibly in the case of a quarter of said 90° or even less, the contact between the pin 10 and the tooth 20 is released, facilitating the remaining rotation required until the pin 10 is unlocked.

[0072] In particular, the length of the first arc ED, which coincides with the length of the first segment, is between 5% and 20% of the total length of the contour or perimeter line, preferably between 10% and 15% of said line.

[0073] Once the pin 10 is rotated, the arms 41 of the retaining element 40 come out of the recesses 15 of the pin 10 and the pin 10 is displaced slightly outwards by the compression action of the arms 41 on the second end 12 of the pin 10 (see Fig.13 ).

[0074] Figures 14 to 18 An alternative solution of the pressure zone of the invention is shown, in which a different configuration of at least a second section 51 interacting with a first section 50 or a configuration with a second section 51 and a third section 52 is observed. Figures 14 to 18 A pin 10 is shown having a receptacle 13 at its first end 11 as an actuating device for an actuating tool.

[0075] In this regard, Figure 8 Same, Fig.14A pressure region is shown which is symmetrical with respect to a line passing through half of the arc DE of the first segment 50 and the center O, the pressure region having a first segment 50 - arc DE, a second segment 51 - arc GD, a third segment 52 - arc FE, and a fourth segment 53 - arc FG between the second and third segments. The radius of the fourth segment 53 may be equal to the radius of the first segment 50. By having the second segment 51 and the third segment 52 on both sides of the first segment 50, the pin 10 may be rotated in either of its two rotational directions to be removed from the assembly formed by the tooth 20 and the adapter 30.

[0076] Fig.15 A pressure zone is shown which is symmetrical about a line passing through half of the arc DE of the first segment 50 (arc DE) and the center O, which also has a second segment 51-arc ID and a third segment 52-arc EF, but also has a fourth segment 53-arc IH, a fifth segment 54-arc FG and a sixth segment 55-arc GH. The radius of the sixth segment 55 opposite the first segment 50 can have the same radius. The radius of the second to fifth segments is smaller than the radius of the first and sixth segments. This pressure zone of the pin is also symmetrical about the axis passing between the first segment 51 and the third segment 53 and between the second segment 52 and the fourth segment 54 at points F, O and I.

[0077] Fig.16 Another design of alternative pressure regions is shown. This design is similar to Fig.14 , but with a fourth segment 53 - arc GH and a fifth segment 54 - arc FG. Fig.14 and Fig.15 In the example of , the pin would be suitable for removal by rotation on both sides.

[0078] Fig.17 A pin is shown where the contact area has only two segments, a first segment 50 - arc ED and a second segment 51 - arc ED. In this case, the length of the first segment 50 is much larger, almost three quarters of the circumference of the pin 10, and the second segment 51 has a smaller length than the first segment 50. The pin is not symmetrical and can only be removed from its position by rotating the pin in a single direction.

[0079] exist Fig.14 , Fig.16 and Fig.17 In the figure, two parallel axes are observed, one axis intersecting with the center O and the other axis intersecting with at least one point D or G or H of the second segment 51 and / or a point F of the third segment 52, so that the points showing the second segment 51 and the third segment 52 are not necessarily on the axis passing through the center O.

[0080] Fig.18Another pressure zone design is shown, in which, in addition to the first section 50 , there is only a second section 51 with the same radius which is smaller than the radius of the first section 50 .

[0081] In order to rotate the pin 10, preferably a tool is used, which is inserted into the housing 13 of the first end 11 of the pin 10 or in an alternative manner such as Fig.21 The projection 130 at the first end 11 of the retaining pin 10 is shown.

Claims

1. A pin for coupling between a tooth and an adapter of an earth-moving machine, the pin being formed by a single elongated rotating body relative to an axis of rotation (x), the body having two ends and comprising at least one pressure zone located at at least one of the two ends of the body, wherein the length of the pressure zone is less than the total length of the elongated rotating body and the pressure zone has a cross section perpendicular to the axis of rotation (x) along its entire length, the axis of rotation defining a center point (O) located at the intersection between the axis of rotation (x) and the cross section, wherein The cross section is defined by a contour line, the contour line being characterized in that the contour line comprises: - a first segment formed by a first arc (ED) between a first point (E) and a second point (D) and centered at said center point (O); and - a second segment after the first point (E) and the first segment, wherein the points forming the contour line in the second segment are located at a distance from the central point (O) that is less than the radius of the first arc (ED).

2. The pin according to claim 1, characterized in that The pin comprises a third section after the second point (D) and the first section, wherein the point forming the contour line in the third section is located at a distance from the center point (O) that is less than the radius of the first arc (ED).

3. The pin according to claim 1, characterized in that The pin comprises, at at least one of its two ends, actuating means for a tool.

4. The pin according to claim 3, characterized in that The actuating device for the tool is a receptacle for receiving the tool.

5. Pin according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The two ends of the body of the pin each have a pressure area.

6. The pin according to claim 4, characterized in that The receptacle for receiving a tool is arranged at the end where the pressure zone is located.

7. Pin according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The length of the first arc (ED) is between 5% and 20% of the total length of the contour line.

8. The pin according to claim 7, characterized in that The length of the first arc (ED) is between 10% and 15% of the total length of the contour line.

9. Pin according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The length of the pressure zone is between 5% and 20% of the total length of the body of the pin.

10. The pin according to claim 9, characterized in that The length of the pressure zone is between 10% and 15% of the total length (L) of the body of the pin.

11. Pin according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The pin comprises a protrusion located in the pressure zone at a position opposite the first arc (ED).

12. Pin according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The pin includes two diametrically opposed notches on a surface of at least one of the two ends of the body.

13. The pin according to claim 8, characterized in that The recess is arranged behind the pressure area.

14. A system for coupling between a tooth and an adapter for an earth moving machine, the system comprising a tooth and an adapter having at least two opposing walls with a through hole and a nose with a channel into which a pin according to claim 1 is inserted.

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