Apparatus and method for monitoring and equalizing charge levels in battery

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering. The invention can be used for equipment installed in a vehicle. The purpose of the present invention is to extend the functionality of a device. And expansion is carried out through timely diagnosis control. And expansion by adapting the battery pack to a more comprehensive set of electrical parameters. Monitoring apparatus and methods include a battery pack (100) (battery).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering. The invention can be used to design devices for continuous automatic monitoring. These devices are also designed for equalization of the state of charge of parallel series-connected batteries in a block. The block is installed in a vehicle, such as a hybrid car or an electric car. Background Art

[0002] Signaling systems according to WO 2000005596) and US 20170077559 are known from the prior art. Here, a device and a method for controlling batteries connected in parallel and in series are described. The batteries are equipped with a separate power supply, microcontroller and signal transmission system for each horizontal row.

[0003] Also known from the prior art is a battery power supply device and a method for determining its current according to patent (EP1317045, priority from November 27, 2002, published on October 7, 2009). This is necessary to control and equalize the current in the vertical rows of a battery block when they are connected in parallel in series in a block. In this unit, expensive current sensors are required to measure the current consumption of each vertical row.

[0004] A common disadvantage of these analogs is the lack of ability to simultaneously control and balance voltage and current.

[0005] The closest in technical essence to the proposed invention is the device and method for monitoring and equalizing the state of charge of the cells of a battery pack according to RU 2695646. The device comprises:

[0006] - A power supply in the form of a battery pack (BA) with parallel series connected cells. In the power supply, each cell of the battery pack (BA) is equipped with a resistor of the same small value R. The resistor is electrically connected to the positive contact point of each cell with one of the conductors. The parallel connection of the cells in the battery pack (BA) is done by combining the second terminals of the resistors to the common terminal of the horizontal rows of the battery pack for each horizontal row of m cells. In this case, the number of horizontal rows is equal to n. The vertical rows are formed by connecting in series the anode of the previous cell with the cathode of the next cell in each horizontal row. In the vertical rows, m vertical rows are formed by series connection, which have a total of n cells in a block of m*n.

[0007] The device also includes:

[0008] - Consumption and charging mode system with consumption current sensor;

[0009] - switch control equipment;

[0010] - Battery switch unit: - Two busbars a and b for measuring electrical parameters;

[0011] - Output of the hth row common cable of the battery pack (BA);

[0012] - Microcontroller;

[0013] -Digital indicator for batteries with problems in terms of electrical parameters.

[0014] Disadvantages of prototypes include:

[0015] - Impossibility to measure and equalize current asymmetries in vertical rows of blocks. These blockages significantly affect the state of charge of the battery and its service life. This effect occurs when they are connected in horizontal rows through small resistors. When the electrical parameters of the individual batteries are not equal;

[0016] - Lack of possibility of continuous control. Lack of ability to equalize the state of charge of each single battery of the block. Summary of the invention

[0017] Balancing of current, voltage, resistance, and differential current consumption.

[0018] The purpose of the invention is to expand the functionality of the device. This expansion is achieved through timely diagnostic control. The task of the invention is also to align blocks of batteries connected in parallel and in series. Harmonize with a more comprehensive set of electrical parameters. This increases the service life and safety of the battery pack. It also reduces energy consumption during the operation of the device and manufacturing costs.

[0019] The technical results are as follows:

[0020] 1. The proposed device and monitoring method perform the following functions:

[0021] -Control of complex electrical parameters of each cell. Monitoring enables early diagnosis and identification of problematic cells. Resets are not only due to voltage imbalances in the horizontal rows. But also due to current imbalances in the vertical rows. And also due to imbalances in internal resistances and different current consumption of the cells during overcharge and undercharge.

[0022] - The serial number of the problematic voltage row is displayed on the digital indicator block. They additionally display the problematic battery in the horizontal row. A bitmap image with two coordinates is displayed on the screen. The display is performed by modulating the brightness with the amplitude of the differential current consumption of the battery. The number of pixels corresponds to the number of cells in the accumulator.

[0023] -Control results using a range of electrical parameters. Used to align problematic block cells individually.

[0024] - Charge state equalization is performed for each problematic cell in proportion to the voltage imbalance. Additional charge state equalization is performed based on imbalances in current, internal resistance and different power consumption. Alignment is performed during recharge. Equalization is also performed during weak charge, taking into account the current consumption of the battery pack.

[0025] - Active and passive voltage equalization in horizontal rows. Alignment and additional current handling in vertical rows of block cells. Intensive active equalization with pulsed currents adjustable to values ​​greater than 1 ampere, with an efficiency of more than 90%.

[0026] The technical result is achieved by the following means, that is, the device and method for monitoring and equalizing the charging state of a block battery (battery) include:

[0027] - Power supply. Power supply in the form of a block of batteries connected in parallel series. The power supply is connected to the consumption and charging mode system, to the consumption current sensor. The power supply is connected to the switching units of the horizontal battery rows controlled by the battery switching control unit.

[0028] - Common buses a and b for measuring electrical parameters;

[0029] - a common terminal for the hth horizontal row for voltage equalization;

[0030] -Digital display block;

[0031] -Microcontroller

[0032] At the same time, each cell of the block is equipped with a resistor of the same small value R. The resistor is electrically connected at one end to the positive terminal of its cell. The second terminals of the resistors are combined into a common terminal, forming n horizontal rows. The vertical rows are formed by connecting the anode of each previous cell in series with the cathode of the next cell.

[0033] According to the present invention, the difference lies in that the proposed device or method has:

[0034] - A switch unit 103 (BKT) additionally equipped with vertical battery row current switches (Stromschlüssel), a total of m. Each input is connected to the electrical output of the anode of its battery in the nth horizontal row of the battery pack. In this case, the outputs of the current switches (Stromschalter) of the blocks with odd serial numbers are combined to form a common output. The outputs of the current switches of the blocks with odd serial numbers are connected to the common bus j. The outputs of the current switches of the blocks with even serial numbers are combined to form a common output. The outputs of the current switches of the blocks with even serial numbers are connected to the common bus g;

[0035] - The switching unit with current switches for 10 vertical battery rows is additionally equipped with a control unit (BUKT) for the switches of the control devices for the current switches for 120 vertical rows. This block is based on a demultiplexer with a number of outputs m. Accordingly, the input frequency controlled by the polling cycle (Abfragetakt) is at least m times the frequency f of the microcontroller polling the horizontal rows of the battery pack. And at the output end there are m outputs, which are connected to the switching unit of the vertical row current switches. When connected, the supply voltage can be sequentially supplied to the control devices of the m current switches of the specified unit. At the same time, a series connection of the devices is provided;

[0036] -The voltage measurement and equalization unit 300 (BIVN) comprises: a rectifier 301 (V), a pulse matching amplifier 302 (US), a current limiting resistor (R303), and is additionally provided with a voltage divider across two resistors (R301, R302). In this case, the rectifier 301 (B) of the device comprises a pulse transformer with primary and secondary windings, and a full-wave rectifier. In addition, the primary winding of the transformer is connected to the common bus a and b for measuring electrical parameters. The secondary winding is connected to the input of the full-wave rectifier. The load of the rectifier is a voltage divider across two resistors (R301, R302).

[0037] The output of the rectifier is connected to the input of the pulse matching amplifier 302 (US). The output of the rectifier is connected to the common output of the horizontal row of the battery pack with serial number h through the current limiting resistor R303. The pulse output of the matching amplifier 302 (US) and the midpoint of the voltage divider are connected to the microcontroller 600 (MK);

[0038] -A current measurement and equalization block 400 (BIVT) is additionally provided. The block contains a rectifier 401 (V), a pulse matching amplifier 402 (US), four normally open single-position switches 403, 404, 407, 411 (Kl1, Kl2, Kl3, Kl4), a pulse inverting 405 (UI) and a non-inverting voltage amplifier 410 (UN), a comparator 406 (K), a voltage-controlled converter 408 (DS / DS), a low-voltage electronic power supply 409 (BPN) and a current-limiting resistor (R401). In this case, the rectifier 401 (B) contains a pulse transformer with two primary windings and one secondary winding, as well as a full-wave rectifier. In addition, the primary winding of the transformer is connected in reverse to the common bus jg. The midpoint (Mittelpunkt) of the primary winding of the transformer is connected to the signal ground.

[0039] The output of the rectifier 401 (B) is connected to the input of the pulse matching amplifier 402 (US). Its output is connected to the microcontroller 600 (MK). The first two switches (Tasten) are connected to the output of the rectifier 401 (B) via the input. These are normally open single position switches. The switch closure is controlled by the 600 (MK) microcontroller. The output of the switch is connected to the input of the pulse inverting 405 (UI) and non-inverting 410 (UN) pulse voltage amplifiers. The inverting and non-inverting voltage pulse amplifiers are connected to the inputs of the first two switches at the input. At the output, it is connected to the first input of the comparator 406 (K). The comparator is connected to the outputs of the inverting and non-inverting voltage pulse amplifiers via the first input. It is connected to the microcontroller via the second input. The output of the comparator is connected to the control device for closing the third single position normally closed switch 407 (CL3). The third single position normally closed switch is connected to the voltage controlled converter via the input. The switch closure is controlled by the comparator. At the output, it is connected to the rectifier 401 (B) via the current limiting resistor R401. The voltage controlled converter 408 (DC / DC) is connected at the input to a low voltage electronic power supply 409 (LPV). The converter voltage is controlled by a microcontroller. At the output, the converter is connected to a third and fourth single position normally closed switch. The fourth single position normally closed switch 411 (Kl4) is connected via the input to the voltage controlled converter 408 (DC / DC). The switch closure is controlled by the microcontroller. At the output, the switch is connected to a rectifier 401 (B) via a current limiting resistor R401;

[0040] - Microcontroller 600 (MK) is configured as:

[0041] - Setting the polling clock frequency required by the switch control unit of the vertical row current switch control device. The frequency is set to be at least m times higher than the frequency f of polling the horizontal rows of the battery pack.

[0042] - receiving measurement information from a voltage measurement and equalization unit and a current measurement and equalization unit;

[0044] -Programmatic determination of the mean value of voltage and current pulses and their deviation from the mean value.

[0045] programmatically determine the maximum deviations of horizontal row asymmetric voltages and vertical row currents from the mean, taking into account the signs;

[0046] - Calculate differential current consumption.

[0047] -Programmatically generate and transmit control actions to equalize current in vertical rows;

[0048] -Programmatically generate and transmit, taking into account the maximum and sign of the horizontal line unbalanced voltage and vertical line unbalanced current. Also includes current consumption and charging;

[0050] -Programmatically implement additional control measures by aligning the currents in the vertical lines. In the case of both positive and negative asymmetries in the horizontal lines, give priority to the positive sign of the asymmetric voltage in the horizontal lines;

[0052] - programmatically switching the device and method to a measurement mode at a predetermined frequency. The switching is performed by opening the first and second switches, closing the fourth switch, and applying a reference blocking voltage from the microcontroller output to the input of the comparator;

[0053] -Programmatically generate equipment emergency shutdown commands. Generated in case of unacceptable deviations of controlled parameters from specified values;

[0055] - additionally process the measured information of voltage, current and differential current consumption programmatically and transmit it to a digital display unit;

[0057] - The digital display unit 700 (DIC) contains a digital display of the serial number of the battery in question with the electrical parameter. The block is additionally equipped with a dual-coordinate grid screen. This screen has the same number of pixels as the number of batteries in the battery pack. The pixels represent the relative changes in the current consumption by means of brightness modulation. The amplitude of this parameter is obtained by polling the horizontal and vertical battery rows. In addition, each of the listed display devices is controlled by a microcontroller.

[0058] Another difference is that the current-limiting resistors of the voltage measurement and equalization unit and the current measurement and equalization unit are also fuses. The resistors of small value R are also made of high specific resistance materials in terms of structure. They are made of segments of resistance strips, which are electrically connected between the welding points of adjacent anodes and cathodes of vertical battery rows. The segments of the resistance strips are electrically connected to the jumpers of the vertical rows by welding. These segments are structurally constructed in the same way. Here, the bridges of the vertical rows are electrically connected to the poles of the batteries of the adjacent vertical rows. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0059] The proposed invention is explained in more detail by means of the accompanying drawings.

[0060] They show:

[0061] Figure 1 Functional diagram of a device for monitoring and equalizing the state of charge of a block cell (battery);

[0062] Figure 2 Functional diagram of the battery switch block (battery);

[0063] Figure 3 Functional diagram of the blocks for measuring and equalizing voltages and currents;

[0064] Figure 4a Design for mounting horizontal rows of battery packs with resistance bands;

[0065] Figure 4b Replacement circuits;

[0066] Figure 5 Oscilloscope diagram of current balancing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0067] Charge equalization in vertical rows with transition to weak charge equalization.

[0068] According to the monitoring device and method of the proposed invention ( Figure 1 )include:

[0069] Battery pack 100 (battery). The block 100 (battery) comprises a battery pack 101 (BA). The block 100 (battery) is composed of batteries connected in parallel and in series, and the block 100 (battery) comprises a battery switching unit 102 (BKA). The unit 100 (battery) is additionally equipped with a switching unit 103 (BKT) for current switching;

[0070] Battery switch control device 110 (BUKA);

[0071] A control unit 120 (BUKT) for the switches of the additional vertical row current switches;

[0072] · consumption and charging system 200 (SDR);

[0073] · Additional voltage measurement and equalization block 300 (BIVN);

[0074] · In addition, current measurement and equalization block 400 400 (BIVT);

[0075] Current sensor 500 (DT);

[0076] Microcontroller 600 600 (MK);

[0077] Digital display block 700 (BCI);

[0078] · Common rows a and b for measuring the horizontal battery row 101 (BA) voltage;

[0079] · Common output of the horizontal row of battery pack 101 (BA) with serial number h;

[0080] • Rows J and G of the odd and even serial numbered switch outputs of the additional unit 103 (BKT) are used to measure voltages proportional to the odd and even vertical row currents of the battery 101 (BA).

[0081] In this case, the interaction of the listed blocks in the static part of the description is as follows.

[0082] In block 101(BA) ( Figure 2 ), each cell is represented by a current source with a voltage E and an internal resistance Ri. Each cell is equipped with an identically small resistor R. At one end, the resistor R is electrically connected to the positive terminal of its cell. The second terminal of each resistor is combined to form a common terminal for the horizontal rows of cells, in this case n horizontal rows, each row having m cells, and a total number of n*m cells in the block 101 (BA).

[0083] The number of common outputs for a horizontal row is n + 1. In addition, n + 1 common outputs are formed by m identical small value R resistors in combination with the negative pole of block 101 (BA). The pole of this block is the signal ground.

[0084] In this case, the value of the small value R resistor is selected based on the battery voltage rating and the variation in internal resistance, which is acceptable for the type of battery used and does not exceed 1 ohm.

[0085] The vertical rows are formed by connecting the anode of each previous cell in series with the cathode of the next cell. The vertical rows are connected in series to form m vertical rows.

[0086] The battery pack 101 (BA) is additionally provided with an electrical output for each anode of the cells in the n-th horizontal row. Via this output, it is connected to the input of its switch in the current switching switching unit 103 (BKT).

[0087] The horizontal battery row 102 (BKA) contains a group of switches with low internal resistance, a total of n+1. Each switch is connected to the common output of its horizontal battery row through an input. The A-outputs of the block odd serial number switches 102 (BKA) are combined into a common output. The block odd serial number switches 102 (BKA) are connected to the common bus a. The outputs of the block even serial number switches 102 (BKA) are combined into a common output. The even serial number switch outputs are connected to the common bus b. The switch unit 102 (BKA) of the horizontal battery row is also equipped with a common output of the horizontal battery row 101 (BA) with serial number h. The block of battery 101 (BA) corresponds to a voltage U*h. Here, U is the average voltage value of the horizontal battery row. This value is close to the nominal voltage value E of each battery in the block battery 101 (BA).

[0088] Battery pack 101 (BA) Figure 2 ) A switch unit 103 (BKT) is additionally equipped with a current switch. This block contains a series of controlled single-position latching switches (Einzelpo-sitions-Schlieβerschaltern), the total number of switches with low internal resistance being m. Each of the switches is connected at the input to the electrical output of the anode of its battery in the n-th horizontal row of the battery block 101 (BA).

[0089] At the output end, the switches of the odd-numbered blocks 103 (BKT) are combined into one output. The switches of the odd-numbered blocks are connected to the common bus j.

[0090] The outputs of the even-numbered serial switches of the BKT block (103) are combined into one output. The outputs of the even-numbered serial switches are connected to the common bus g.

[0091] Battery switch control unit 110 (BUKA) ( Figure 1 ) allows two adjacent switches of odd and even horizontal rows of battery pack 101 (BA) to be connected in pairs and connected to common bus bars a and b for measuring electrical parameters at a serial polling frequency f.

[0092] The current-switching switching unit 103 (BKT) is equipped with a control unit 120 (BUKT) for switching the current switches. The block is based on a demultiplexer with a number of outputs m. The demultiplexer supplies the control devices of the m switches of the current-switching switching unit 103 (BKT) with a supply voltage in series. The demultiplexer ensures that the switches are blocked at a current-switch polling frequency that is not less than m times the switch polling frequency f of the block 110 (BUKA).

[0093] The consumption and charging system 200 (SDR) is connected between the positive and negative poles of the battery 101 (BA).

[0094] The voltage measurement and equalization unit 300 (BIVN) comprises a rectifier 301 (V), a pulse matching amplifier 302 (US), a voltage divider on two resistors (R301), (R302) and a current limiting resistor (R303). In this case, the rectifier 301 (B) is composed of a pulse transformer with primary and secondary windings. The 301 rectifier (B) is composed of a full-wave rectifier. The primary winding of the transformer is connected to the common bus a and b for measuring electrical parameters. The rectifier load is a voltage divider on two additionally introduced resistors (R301), (R302). The output of the rectifier 301 (V) is connected to the input of the pulse matching amplifier 302 (US). Through the current limiting resistor (R303), the output of the rectifier is connected to the common output of the horizontal row of the battery pack 101 (BA) with serial number h. The output of the pulse matching amplifier 302 (US) and the midpoint of the voltage divider are connected to the microcontroller 600 (MC).

[0095] The monitoring device and method according to the proposed invention are additionally equipped with a current measurement and balancing unit 400 (CUBT) ( Figure 1 , Figure 3 ). This block contains:

[0096] - Rectifier 401 (B);

[0097] - Pulse matching amplifier 402 (US);

[0098] - controlled single position locking switches 403 (Kl1) and 404 (Kl2) (hereinafter referred to as switches);

[0099] - voltage inverting amplifier 405 (UI);

[0100] - Comparator 406 (K), switch 407 (K13);

[0101] - voltage controlled converter 408 (DS / DS);

[0102] - Low voltage electronic power supply 409 (BPN);

[0103] - non-inverting voltage amplifier 410 (UN);

[0104] - switch 411 (C14);

[0105] - Current limiting resistor (R401).

[0106] In this case, the rectifier 401 (B) is equipped with a pulse transformer with two primary windings and one secondary winding. The primary windings are connected in reverse to the common bus j and g for measuring the voltage. The outputs of the odd and even serial number switches of the block 103 (BKT) are connected proportionally to the current of the battery 101 (BA) odd and even vertical rows. The midpoint of the primary winding is connected to the signal ground.

[0107] A full-wave rectifier 401 (B) is connected to the secondary winding. The output of the rectifier is connected to the input of a pulse matching amplifier 402 (US), connected to switches 403 (Cl1) and 404 (Cl2). Through a current limiting resistor (R401), it is connected to the outputs of switches 407 (Cl3) and 411 (Cl4). The output of switch 403 (CL1) is connected to the input of an inverting voltage amplifier 405 (UI). The output of switch 404 (CL2) is connected to the input of a non-inverting voltage amplifier 410 (UN). The outputs of the inverting voltage amplifier 405 (UI) and the non-inverting voltage amplifier 410 (UN) are connected to a first input of a comparator 406 (K). A reference voltage controlled by a microcontroller 600 (MK) is supplied to a second input of the comparator. The output of the comparator 406 (K) controls the closing of a switch 407 (CL3).

[0108] The inputs of switches 407 (K13) and 411 (K14) are supplied with voltage to a converter 408 (DS / DS) controlled by a microcontroller 600 (MK). The input of the converter 408 (DS / DS) is connected to the output of a low voltage electronic power supply 409 (LPV). By closing switches 403 (K11), 404 (K12) and 411 (K14), the control device is connected to the microcontroller 600 (MK).

[0109] The current sensor 500 (DT) is designed to measure the current consumption in the charging consumer system 200 (SDR) and to process the measurement results in the microcontroller 600 (MK).

[0110] The microcontroller 600 (MK) is electrically connected to the following blocks:

[0111] - blocks 110 (BUKA) and 120 (BUKT) to provide polling clock pulses;

[0112] - Block 300 (BIVN) to receive voltage measurement information;

[0113] - Block 400 (BIVT) to receive current measurement information and control voltage and current, as well as control the closing of switches 403 (Cl1), 404 (Cl2) and 411 (Cl4);

[0114] - a current sensor 500 (DT) to receive current measurement information;

[0115] - Digital Display Block 700 (BCI). Connection for digital display of battery serial number with problems with electrical parameters in BA unit (101), problems with displaying bitmap images on dual coordinate display.

[0116] The proposed device and monitoring method work in the following manner.

[0117] Workflow for monitoring and aligning electrical parameters of block 100 (battery) in measurement mode and active alignment.

[0118] In the measurement mode, switches 403 (CL1) and 404 (CL2) are open. At the second input of comparator 406 (K), at microcontroller 600 (MK), a high blocking voltage A is applied, and the voltage of voltage-controlled converter 408 (DC / DC) is set equal to the DC voltage at the output of rectifier 301 (V). In this case, switch 411 (Kl4) is closed.

[0119] The control device 110 (BUKA) of the number n+1 is outputted through the signal of the microcontroller 600 (MK) ( Figure 1 ) is applied to the input for the double demultiplexer. When the switches with low internal resistance are closed in pairs, the switch unit consists of a horizontal battery row 102 (BKA). At the frequency f of the switch control unit 110 (BUKA) on the common bus a and b for measuring electrical parameters, positive and negative rectangular voltage pulses with amplitudes alternate. The amplitude is the same as that of block 101 (BA) ( Figure 2 ) are proportional to the voltage of each horizontal line. On common buses A and B, these pulses are fed into the input of a voltage measurement and equalization unit 300 (BIVN).

[0120] At block 300 (BIVN) ( Figure 3 ), a constant voltage average value of all horizontal rows of cells is formed at the output of the rectifier 301 (B). The rectifier is designed for full-wave rectification. The value produced at a given transformation ratio and without asymmetry of the horizontal rows is equal in magnitude to the output voltage of the horizontal row of BA battery pack (101) with serial number h.

[0121] If the magnitude of the error voltage of one of the horizontal battery rows is different, a rectangular voltage pulse of average value (V) is superimposed on the DC voltage average value at the output of the rectifier 301. The amplitude of the rectangular voltage pulse is proportional to the magnitude of the asymmetric voltage of the problematic horizontal row ( Figure 5 ). In addition, positive values ​​of the asymmetric voltage pulse correspond to overcharging.

[0122] For each horizontal row connected in series, the anode of the battery in the nth horizontal row is connected via an odd-numbered low internal resistance switch ( Figure 2 ) is connected to the common bus j. The switches of even serial number are connected to the common bus, measuring the voltage proportional to the current of the odd and even vertical rows of the cells of the block 101 (BA). When the signal by the microcontroller 600 (MK) is turned on at a frequency of f*m (which is m times the polling frequency of the common buses a and b of the horizontal rows), the control unit switches the control device 120 (BUKT) of the vertical row current switch, the switch unit 103 (BKT) of the vertical row current switch.

[0123] When a voltage is applied from common buses J and G to the reverse-connected primary windings of the pulse transformer of the rectifier 401 (V), a constant voltage average value is formed for all vertical battery rows. At a given transformation ratio, this value is equal to the voltage at the output of the voltage control converter 408 (DS / DS) if there is no significant asymmetry in the vertical rows. The value of the converter is set equal to the DC component at the output of the rectifier unit 300 (BIVN) for measuring and equalizing the voltage. The rectifier transformer 401 (B) produces after rectification at the output of the rectifier 401 (B) according to a full-wave rectification scheme.

[0124] If the error voltage amplitude of one of the vertical battery rows deviates from the average value, a rectangular voltage pulse ( Figure 5 ). The voltage amplitude is proportional to the mismatch voltage magnitude of the problematic vertical current flow. In addition, positive values ​​of the mismatch voltage pulses correspond to weak charging. Negative values ​​correspond to charging of the vertical battery row controlled by block 101 (BA).

[0125] In the claimed transformer device, the rectifiers 301(B) and 401(B) are set with the same transformation ratio. At the same time, for the voltage equalization measurement unit, the current measurement and the equalization measurement unit, the constant voltage components at the output terminals of the rectifiers are equal.

[0126] The microcontroller 600 (MK) controls the reference voltage value at the input of the comparator 406 (K) so as to achieve the maximum amplitude of the error pulse relative to the average value of the output of the rectifier 401 (B).

[0127] The results of the measurement of the average voltage value, the asymmetry relative to the average value and its magnitude in terms of voltage, current and calculated differential current consumption in blocks 300 (BIVN) and 400 (BIVT) are transmitted by the microcontroller 600 (MK). The results are passed to the voltage and current equalization control. They are also transmitted to the digital display block 700 (DDI) for display.

[0128] In block 700 (BCI) the following operations are performed on the digital indicator:

[0129] - Digital display of the serial number of the problematic voltage line;

[0130] -Serial numbers of the batteries in question in the horizontal row;

[0131] - Dual coordinate display of bitmap images displayed vertically and horizontally on the screen. Display is performed by modulating the brightness of the battery coordinates by the amplitude of the differential current consumption. The number of pixels corresponds to the number of batteries in the battery pack 100 (BA).

[0132] In the measurement mode, the magnitude of the horizontal row voltage imbalance is measured by the constant voltage outputted by the horizontal row common of the battery pack 101 (BA) with serial number h. The error voltage of the problematic horizontal row is actively balanced, and active balancing is performed during both overcharge and weak charge. The balancing is performed through the current limiting resistor (R303) and the rectifier 301 (B).

[0133] Also in the measurement mode, the magnitude of the vertical line current asymmetry is measured by the constant voltage of the voltage control converter 408 (DS / DS), and the asymmetric current of the problematic vertical line is actively balanced. Active balancing is performed during both overcharge and weak charge. Active balancing is accomplished by closed switch 411 (Kl4), current limiting resistor (R401) and rectifier 401 (B).

[0134] In this case, the magnitude of the equalizing current does not exceed a few hundred mA. However, for slight current imbalances, the effect of this equalization is clearly noticeable.

[0135] Intensive active balancing workflow of block 100 (battery) electrical parameters.

[0136] The switches (Kl1) and 411 (Kl4) in the horizontal row are opened. This occurs when the value exceeds the threshold set by the microcontroller 600 (MK). The vertical row asymmetric negative pulses ( Figure 5 ). The amplitude of these pulses is proportional to the overcharge current. After being inverted and amplified by the inverting amplifier 405 (UI), the amplified positive pulses are fed into the input of the comparator 406 (K).

[0137] Based on the measurement results, a positive reference voltage is supplied from the microcontroller 600 (MK) to the second input of the comparator 406 (K). This voltage is proportional to the maximum amplitude of the current asymmetry. The voltage is slightly lower than the maximum amplitude of the vertical line current imbalance amplified pulse. This activates the comparator 406 (K) and starts the intensive active current equalization process ( Figure 5 ).

[0138] At the same time, the microcontroller 600 (MK) sets a voltage at the output of the voltage control converter 408 (DS / DS) that is lower than the initial average value.

[0139] When comparator 406 (K) is pulsed, a negative pulse is generated through switch 407 (Kl3). Due to the relatively low initial average voltage of converter 408 (DS / DS), a pulse is formed at the output of switch 407 (CL3). The negative pulse is fed into the secondary winding of 401 rectifier pulse transformer (V) through current limiting resistor (R401). And through the primary winding and busbars j and g, which measure a voltage proportional to the current of vertical battery row 101 (BA), the vertical row current in question is aligned ( Figure 5 ).

[0140] In this case, the pulse transformer of the rectifier 401 (B) is used as a reversible element. In this element, a rectangular voltage pulse with measurement information is transmitted from the primary winding to the secondary winding. From the secondary winding, a balancing control pulse is transmitted to the primary winding.

[0141] As the current flow increases, the anode voltage decreases. The increased current flows in the problematic vertical row. The increased current is caused by overcharging, which is caused by the nth horizontal row ( Figure 2 ) is caused by the increase in the voltage drop across the corresponding battery internal resistance Ri. This appears as a negative voltage pulse ( Figure 5 ).

[0142] During current balancing, the output of the rectifier 401 (V) is amplified with significantly amplified negative current balancing voltage pulses.

[0143] In the nth horizontal row, a larger voltage drop will appear across the internal resistance Ri of the corresponding battery ( Figure 2 ). This reduces the total voltage in the vertical problematic line. This results in a corresponding reduction in the current in the problematic vertical line, thus ensuring its equalization. In this case, the voltage imbalance in the horizontal lines is also partially equalized.

[0144] When the battery charging voltage is balanced, the comparator may no longer work, and the monitoring device and the monitoring method switch to the measurement mode. If there is a significant imbalance voltage in the horizontal rows at the same time, the voltage of the horizontal battery row is balanced during the weak charging period ( Figure 5 ).

[0145] This cycle repeats until the asymmetric voltage of the horizontal and vertical lines is below a set threshold. This also reduces the voltage. This voltage is supplied by the output of the voltage control converter 408 (DS / DS). Proportional to the maximum voltage asymmetry in the horizontal line.

[0146] Furthermore, the microcontroller 600 (MK) switches the device and the monitoring method to the measurement mode in a programmed manner by opening the switches 403 (CL1) and 404 (CL2) at set time intervals. During the charging process, the presence of significant positive unbalance pulses in the horizontal lines is always given priority. Therefore, if negative mismatch pulses of significant amplitude are also received at the input of the microcontroller 600 (MK) at the same time, only the switch 403 (CL1) remains closed. The switch 403 (CL1) is opened only when the positive mismatch pulses decrease in amplitude below the threshold significance level.

[0147] The maximum positive rectangular error voltage at the output of the rectifier 301 (B) Figure 5 ) may be below the set threshold. However, significant negative pulses corresponding to weak charging may occur. The operating frequency of the device can be repeated.

[0148] This closes switch 404 (CL2) and opens switch 403 (CL1). Rectifier 401 (V) receives the non-inverting voltage amplifier 410 (UN) receives the vertical line asymmetric positive pulse. After amplification, the amplified positive pulse is input to comparator 406 (K).

[0149] In addition, current balancing during weak charging ( Figure 5 ) in the same way as during overcharge. However, in this case, converter 408 (DS / DS) provides a positive voltage. The voltage is proportional to the maximum asymmetry of the horizontal lines during weak charge, which is a positive equalizing pulse. Therefore, current equalization during weak charge involves a positive pulse with amplified intensity ( Figure 5 ).

[0150] If there are no significant positive and negative mismatch pulses in the horizontal line, both switches 403 (CL1) and 404 (CL2) are open and switch 411 (CL4) is closed. The voltage-controlled converter 408 (DS / DS) is supplied with a voltage corresponding to the DC component voltage at the output of the rectifier 301 (V). Both the device and the monitoring method are switched to measurement mode. This also performs active alignment of weak currents from the converter 408 (DS / DS) through the closed switch 411 (Cl4). The combination of both switches 403 (Kl1) and 404 (Kl2) being closed at the same time is invalid.

[0151] therefore

[0152] Voltage equalization for horizontal lines and current equalization for vertical lines are achieved in the following way:

[0153] Continuous passive equalization is performed through a small resistor R;

[0154] Continuous active voltage equalization of asymmetric voltages in horizontal rows by pulses of frequency f from the common output of the horizontal row of battery pack with serial number h, both during overcharge and weak charge;

[0155] Active current balancing in vertical row measurement mode. Alignment by pulses with a frequency at least m times the horizontal row polling frequency f of the battery pack. Slave voltage control converter 408 (DS / DS) during both overcharge and undercharge;

[0156] Current equalization is performed in dense active equalization mode in vertical rows. Equalization is performed from voltage controlled converter 408 (DS / DS) by pulses with a frequency at least m times the horizontal row polling frequency f of the battery pack. Equalization is performed during both overcharge and undercharge, with currents up to several amperes.

[0157] In this mode, the main effects of active equalization are achieved in the following ways:

[0158] The nth horizontal row must be chosen more carefully. It is chosen based on the same voltage E and the same internal resistance Ri. Because they are the reference for the series.

[0159] Furthermore, the current-limiting resistors of the measurement, voltage equalization, current measurement and equalization units are fuses.

[0160] To save money, a small resistor R ( Figure 2 ) is structurally made of high specific resistance material. It is manufactured in the form of a resistance band segment. On one side, it is electrically connected to the bridge of the vertical row by welding and is structurally identical ( Figure 4a). On the other side, the portion of the resistance band is electrically connected to the common socket of the horizontal row by welding. Here, the bridge of the vertical row is electrically connected to the pole of the adjacent battery in the vertical row. ( Figure 4b ). The segments of the resistor strip are electrically connected to the jumpers of the vertical rows by welding. These segments are arranged repeatedly. Here, the bridges of the vertical rows are electrically connected to the poles of the adjacent cells in the vertical row.

[0161] The common electrical outputs of the horizontal rows are mounted perpendicular to the strip segments. The common socket is electrically connected to the midpoint of each strip segment. Connecting the common electrical outputs of the horizontal rows in the middle of the strip segments provides a common resistance. The anode of each battery ( Figure 4b ) and the horizontal line common output is R.

[0162] The implementation of the device according to the proposed invention in hybrid and electric vehicle power plants will allow:

[0163] Increase the life of the battery pack. Improve performance by monitoring and equalizing the current, voltage, internal resistance and differential current draw of each problematic cell. Also equalizes overcharged and weakly charged cells. Increases life when running continuously in charge and current drain modes.

[0164] Improves battery pack safety. Improves safety by monitoring and balancing the current, voltage, resistance, and differential current draw of each cell in the device. Improves safety by almost instantly detecting cells with excessive differential current draw that can cause overheating.

[0165] Provides good visibility when displaying batteries that have problems with varying energy consumption and lead to overheating. Obtains high clarity when displayed on a dual coordinate display. Obtains high visibility by modulating the brightness with the relative magnitude of the change in current consumption.

[0166] The energy consumption during operation of the device and the manufacturing cost of the invention are reduced. The energy cost is reduced by using the main energy of active equalization for current equalization of vertical lines. Active voltage equalization in horizontal lines is used as an auxiliary means.

[0167] The circuit solution used in the claimed device allows for significant cost savings in electronic equipment. Because cheap switches can be used for voltage equalization. Switches with relatively high internal resistance. Current equalization switches with low internal resistance are used. However, the operating voltage is low and there is no high-voltage isolation.

[0168] Since the number of horizontal lines is much greater than the number of vertical lines, the economic benefits can be significant. In this case, the main effect of active equalization is achieved through the current in the vertical lines. The voltage equalization of each horizontal line is mainly done by passive equalization. Equalization is done through small resistors, and active equalization is performed for voltage and current.

[0169] The proposed method can control and equalize the charge state of the block 100 (battery) batteries in terms of current and voltage.

[0170] The proposed method proceeds as follows:

[0171] - Battery switch unit 102 (BKA) performs switching of common terminals of n+1 horizontal rows. Rows with odd serial numbers are connected to bus a for measuring electrical parameters. Even rows are connected to electrical measurement bus b;

[0172] -Block 101(BA)( Figure 2 ) The common terminal n+1 of the horizontal battery row is connected to the negative terminal of the block 101 (BA). The block 101 (BA) is the signal ground on m resistors of the same small value R. In this case, the value of the small value R resistor is selected according to the acceptable battery nominal voltage and the dispersion of the internal resistance of the type of battery used;

[0173] - Switching unit 103 (BKT) for vertical row current switching ( Figure 2 ) Perform switching of m wires from the anodes of the nth horizontal row of cells of the battery unit 101 (BA). The odd-numbered wires are connected to the bus bar j. The even-numbered wires are connected to the bus bar g;

[0174] -Horizontal battery row switch control unit 110 (BUKA) ( Figure 1 ) supplying the supply voltage in pairs. Applying the voltage to the control devices of two adjacent switches of the odd and even horizontal rows of the battery switch unit 102 (BKA), thereby closing them;

[0175] - The switch control unit 120 (BUKT) of the vertical row current switch control device has m outputs, which supply the supply voltage.

[0176] - Voltage measurement and equalization unit 300 (BIVN) ( Figure 3 ) receives the variable component at the output of rectifier 301 (B). It is obtained from the rectangular voltage pulses transmitted through common bus a and b.

[0177] - The pulse matching amplifier 302 (US) amplifies a variable component proportional to the magnitude of the imbalance in the horizontal row voltage of the battery pack 101 (BA);

[0178] - Obtain a constant voltage component from the output of the voltage divider on the additionally introduced resistors R301 and R302 and transmit it to the microcontroller 600 (MK) for measurement;

[0179] - Equalize the asymmetric voltage of the horizontal rows supplied from the common output of the horizontal rows of the battery pack 101 (BA). Through the current limiting resistor R301, serial number h, value Uh;

[0180] - Current measurement and equalization unit 400 (BIVT) ( Figure 3 ) rectifies the rectangular voltage pulses received from the common buses j and g. The DC and AC components of the voltage are obtained at the output of the rectifier 401 (V). And amplifies the variable component proportional to the asymmetric magnitude of the vertical row current of the battery pack 101 (BA);

[0181] - When switches 403 (CL1), 404 (CL2) are open and switch 411 (CL4) is closed, the amplitude of the variable voltage component rectangular pulse at the output of pulse matching amplifier 402 (US) is amplified. Microcontroller 600 (MK) measures the amplitude of the rectangular pulse;

[0182] - When switch 411 (k1.4) is open and the sign of the equalization voltage asymmetry pulse is positive, switch 403 (k1.1) is closed. This happens in the horizontal line in order to enter the dense active mode. When the sign of the horizontal line voltage imbalance is negative, switch 404 (k12) is closed;

[0183] - The vertical line current imbalance pulse amplitudes amplified by the pulse amplifiers 405 (UI) and 410 (UN) are alternately compared on the comparator 406 (K) by means of an inverting amplifier and a non-inverting amplifier. A reference voltage proportional to the vertical line asymmetry amplitude is supplied from the microcontroller 600 (MK) compared to overcharge and weak charge. The closing of the switch 407 (CL3) is controlled;

[0184] - The current measurement and equalization unit 400 (BIVT) alternately compares the vertical line unbalanced pulse voltage amplitude amplified by the inverting 405 (UI) and non-inverting 410 (UI) pulse amplifiers on the comparator 406 (K). It is compared with the reference voltage provided by the microcontroller 600 (MK). When the reference voltage value is exceeded, the comparator 406 (K) is triggered;

[0185] - During active balancing in measurement mode, current asymmetry pulses are applied at the output of the rectifier 401 (B) to compensate. The pulses are provided by a voltage-controlled converter 408 (DS / DS) controlled by the microcontroller 600 (MK). They are supplied both during overcharging and undercharging via the switch 411 (K14) and the current-limiting resistor R401;

[0186] -Current consumption sensor 500 (DT) ( Figure 1 ) measures the current consumption in the consumption and charging system 200 (SDR). Transmits the measurement results to the microcontroller 600 (MK) for processing;

[0187] The microcontroller 600 (MK) executes:

[0188] - Provide polling clock pulses for the battery switch control device 110 (BUKA) at a frequency of f. Provide polling clock pulses for the switch control unit 120 (BUKT) of the vertical row current switch control device at a frequency of f*m;

[0189] - receiving measurement information about the variable voltage component from the matching amplifier 302 (US). receiving measurement information about the constant component from the voltage divider across the resistors R301 and R302. receiving current from the matching amplifier 402 (US) and the current consumption sensor 500 (DT);

[0190] - Controlling the operating threshold of comparator K (406); depending on the magnitude of the asymmetric voltage in block 300 (BIVN);

[0191] - Control the closing of switches 403 (Cl1) and 404 (Cl2). Depends on the sign of the horizontal line asymmetry voltage and is proportional to the amplitude of the horizontal line asymmetry voltage;

[0192] - Control voltage control converter 408 (DS / DS). According to the maximum amplitude of the asymmetric voltage in the horizontal line of block 300 (BIVN). Also depends on the asymmetric current of the vertical line and the consumption and charging current in system 200 (SDR);

[0193] - Issue an emergency disconnection command for the equipment. This command is issued in case of unacceptable deviation of the controlled parameters from the specified limit values;

[0194] - output information to the digital display unit 700 (BCI);

[0195] - The digital display unit 700 (BCI) displays the serial number of the battery in the block 101 (BA) with problematic voltage and current. It also receives a bitmap with two coordinates and an image with brightness modulated by the relative amplitude of variation of the current consumption, the number of pixels corresponding to the number of batteries in the block 101 (BA).

[0196] For economic reasons, the small value R resistor used in this method ( Figure 2 ) are structurally manufactured in the form of segments of resistance strips. They consist of a high resistance material (hereinafter referred to as strips). The welding points of adjacent anodes and cathodes of vertical rows of cells are connected (Figure 4).

[0197] For the selected resistor strip segment material, the distance between the soldering points is chosen so that the resistance between them is 4 R. In addition, the segments of resistor strip are electrically connected to the jumpers in vertical rows by soldering, and the configuration is repeated.

[0198] The common sockets of the horizontal rows are mounted perpendicular to the strip segments. The common sockets are electrically connected to the midpoint of each strip segment by soldering. By connecting the common electrical outputs of the horizontal rows in the middle of the resistor strip segments, they provide a common resistance. The resistance between the anode of each cell (Figure 4) and the common output of the horizontal row is R.

[0199] Example.

[0200] The experiments were conducted while simulating the operation of a fragment of the apparatus and method for monitoring and balancing cells in a battery pack. The total number of cells connected in parallel and in series in the block is sixteen. There are four horizontal rows of four cells each. The cells are connected in parallel through small resistors. The cells are connected to the common output of the horizontal rows.

[0201] A row of four parallel connected cells is formed using a resistor of nominal value 0.05 ohm. The resistor is connected to the anode of the cell at one terminal. The other output is connected to the common output of the horizontal row.

[0202] When modeling in the MULTISIM environment, an equivalent battery replacement circuit was used. The circuit includes a power source E. A link of a resistor Ri and a capacitor C connected in parallel is connected in series with the power source. The simulation was performed using the parameter values ​​of a Li-Ion 18650 battery.

[0203] Electromechanical switches with low transition resistance are used as single-stage latching switches. The polling frequency of the horizontal battery rows of the cells is 50 Hz. Vertical rows - 200 Hz.

[0204] Voltage equalization of the horizontal rows during overcharge and undercharge is achieved by applying an equalization voltage supplied from the common output of the horizontal row of battery pack 101 (BA) with serial number h. Current equalization of the vertical battery rows is achieved by supplying equalization pulses from converter 407 (DS / DS).

[0205] Figure 5 The waveform is shown:

[0206] Electrical parameters Asymmetry of voltage U and resistance Ri. During overcharging and weak charging, in horizontal row of block 101 (BA), at the output of rectifier 301 (B). In the form of positive and negative deviations from the average value over a sufficiently long period of time;

[0207] Negative pulse for dense active equalization. Current equalization at the output of rectifier 401 (V). During vertical line recharge of block 101 (BA). After alignment by horizontal line recharge, sign switching to opposite for dense active alignment. Current equalization in the presence of significant weak charging pulses in horizontal lines;

[0208] The pulse at the output of comparator 405 (K)

[0209] As can be seen in the first oscillogram, the amplitude of the positive pulse decreases below the response threshold set on the comparator. After that, the device switches to the intensive active balancing mode of weak charging. This occurs when there is an imbalance in the voltage in the horizontal lines relative to the average value over time.

[0210] In block 101 (BA) only intensive active balancing with current overcharge is performed in the vertical rows. After the overcharge voltage decreases, the device switches to intensive active balancing mode. After the horizontal row voltage drops below the response threshold set on the comparator. The horizontal battery row current is coordinated with the voltage weak charge. This can be seen from the change in the sign of the current balancing pulse in the vertical row. In addition, there is a certain pause in the supply of comparator pulses when transitioning from one balancing mode to another. The comparator pulse ( Figure 5 , 6, 7, 8) remain positive in all alignment modes.

[0211] Reference numerals list

[0212] 100 Battery Pack (100) (Battery)

[0213] 101 Battery Pack (101)(BA)

[0214] 102 Horizontal Battery Row Switch Unit (102) (BKA)

[0215] 103 Vertical Battery Row Current Switching Switch Unit (103) (BKT)

[0216] 110 Horizontal Battery Row Switch Control Unit (110) (BUKA)

[0217] 120 Switch control unit for vertical line current switch control device (120) (BUKT)

[0218] 200 Consumption and charging system (200) (SDR)

[0219] 300 Voltage measurement and equalization unit (300) (BIVN)

[0220] 301 Rectifier (301)(B). Made in full-wave rectification scheme with one primary winding

[0221] 302 Pulse Matching Amplifier (302)(DU)

[0222] Current limiting resistor (R 301)

[0223] Voltage divider resistors (R302, R303)

[0224] 400 Current Measurement and Balancing Unit (400) (BIVT)

[0225] 401 Rectifier (401)(B). Made in full wave rectification scheme with two primary windings

[0226] 402 Pulse Matching Amplifier (402) (US)

[0227] 403 Single Position Locking Switch 403 (Cl1)

[0228] 404 Single Position Locking Switch (404) (Kl2)

[0229] 405 Pulse Voltage Inverting Amplifier (405) (UI)

[0230] 406 Comparator (406) (K)

[0231] 407 Single Position Locking Switch (407) (Kl3)

[0232] 408 Voltage Control Converter (408) (DS / DS)

[0233] 409 Low Voltage Electronic Power Supply (409) (BPN)

[0234] 410 Non-inverting pulse voltage amplifier (410) (UN)

[0235] 411 Single Position Locking Switch (411) (Kl4)

[0236] Current limiting resistor (R 401)

[0237] 500-Consumption Current Sensor (500) (DT)

[0238] 600-Microcontroller (600) (MK)

[0239] 700-Digital Display Block (700) (BCI)

[0240] - Common buses a and b for measuring the voltage of the horizontal battery row (101) (BA):

[0241] - a common output for a horizontal row of battery packs (101) (BA) with serial number h;

[0242] - Common buses j and g for measuring voltages proportional to the currents of the odd and even vertical battery rows of the block (101) (BA)

[0243] - 1, 2, 3, ... n, n+1 controlled single position latching switches with low internal resistance. Further referred to in the text as switches with low internal resistance in a horizontal row;

[0244] -1, 2, 3 ... m-1, m controlled single position latching switches with low internal resistance. Further referred to in the text as switches with low internal resistance in a vertical row;

[0245] is the equivalent circuit of a battery. This circuit is represented by a series connection of a voltage source E and an internal resistor Ri.

Claims

1. A monitoring device and method, comprising a battery block (100) (battery bank), comprising a battery pack (101) (BA) consisting of batteries connected in parallel and in series, having the following characteristics: - Each battery pack has a small value resistor R, - one output end of the resistor is electrically connected to the positive terminal of its battery, - The second terminals of the resistors are combined into a common terminal to form n horizontal rows, - Each vertical row of anodes of the previous cell is connected in series with the cathodes of the next cell, - a battery switching unit (102) (BKA), - a battery switch control unit (110) (BUKA), - a consumption and charging system (200) (SPZ), - a voltage measurement and equalization unit (300) (BIVN), - a current sensor (500) (DT), - a microcontroller (600) (MK), - a digital display unit (700) (BCI), - common busbars a and b for measuring the voltage of the horizontal battery row (101) (BA) and the common output of the horizontal battery row (101) (BA) with serial number h, Features - a battery pack (100) (battery) equipped with a total of m vertical battery rows of switching units (103) (BKT), - a switch control unit (120) (BUKT) for vertical row current switches, which control unit is equipped with busbars j and g for the switch outputs of odd and even serial numbers of units (103) (BKT), - measuring a voltage proportional to the current in the vertical battery row (101) (BA), - a voltage measurement and equalization unit (300) (BIVN) comprising a rectifier (301) (V), a measurement and equalization unit (302) (BIV), a current limiting resistor (R301), a voltage divider, and two resistors (R301, R302), - The input of the voltage divider is connected to the rectifier (301) (V), and the midpoint of the voltage divider (R301, R302) is connected to the microcontroller (600) (MK).

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that A current measurement and balancing unit (400) (BIVT), which includes a rectifier (401) (V), a pulse matching amplifier (402) (US), four single-stage latching switches (Kl1, Kl2, Kl3, Kl4), a pulse inverting voltage amplifier (405) (UI) and a non-inverting voltage amplifier (410) (UN), a comparator (406) (K), a voltage controlled converter (408) (DS / DS), a low-voltage electronic power supply (409) (BPN) and a current limiting resistor (R401).

3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The microcontroller is additionally able to control and equalize the currents in the vertical lines and to control the voltage control converters according to the energy and the maximum amplitude of the asymmetric voltages in the horizontal lines.

4. A unit for measuring and equalizing asymmetrical current voltages in vertical lines and current consumption and charging systems, characterized in that The differential power consumed by the problematic cell is determined and the problematic cell is displayed based on electrical parameters on a dual coordinate display.

5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The digital display unit (700) (BCI) is additionally provided with a grid dual coordinate screen having a number of pixels corresponding to the number of batteries in the battery block (101) (BA), which is used to display the relative change in battery current consumption in the form of brightness modulation of the parameter amplitude when polling the horizontal and vertical battery rows.

6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The resistors of small value R are structurally made of high resistance material in the form of segments of resistance strips. One side of these strips is electrically welded to the jumpers of the vertical rows and are structurally manufactured in the same configuration. The jumpers of the vertical rows are electrically connected to the poles of the adjacent cells in the vertical row.

7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The segments of resistance ribbon are electrically connected on the other side to the common electrical output of the horizontal row by welding.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In order to additionally switch the current switch, the voltage is switched from the bus j to the serial number bus g in sequence from the anodes of the odd-numbered serial numbered batteries in the nth horizontal row of the battery pack.

9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that The switching control units of the current switching control device have vertical rows, which supply the control devices of the switching units with a supply voltage one after the other.

10. The method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that The current measurement and balancing unit performs simultaneous active current balancing during overcharging and undercharging by means of a voltage-controlled converter via a current-limiting resistor in measuring mode.

11. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that The current measurement and balancing block switches to intensive active balancing mode and an alternating comparison is performed on the comparator for currents that are significantly too high and too low compared to the average value in intensive active balancing mode.

12. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that The current measurement and balancing unit is powered by a voltage-controlled microcontroller-converter both during overcharging and undercharging in an intensive active balancing mode with significantly unbalanced currents in the vertical rows.

13. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 11, characterized in that The microcontroller (MC) controls the following: - the current in the vertical lines, - controlling the voltage control converter according to the energy level and the maximum amplitude of the asymmetric voltage of the horizontal lines in the voltage measurement and equalization unit, - asymmetric currents in vertical rows / columns and currents of consumption and charging systems, And the MC determines the differential power of the cells and determines the XY indication of the problematic cell based on its electrical parameters.

14. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 12, characterized in that The digital display unit performs a digital display of the serial number of the battery in question in terms of voltage and current in the device, and the block is additionally equipped with a bitmap with two coordinates, where the number of pixels corresponds to the number of batteries in the block.

15. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that The transformation ratios of the converters of the voltage measuring and balancing unit and of the current measuring and balancing unit are selected by means of numerical values.

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