Stubble cleaning, deep scarification, crushing and mixing combined land preparation machine for saline-alkali

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery. The stubble cleaning, deep scarification, crushing and mixing combined soil preparation machine for the saline-alkali soil is provided. The stubble cleaning machine mainly comprises a high-speed stubble cleaning part (1), a power subsoiler part (2), a rack type crushing and mixing part (3), a rack (4), a three-point suspension device (5), a power subsoiler part gearbox (6), a main gearbox (7), a universal joint transmission shaft (8) and a stubble cleaning and crushing and mixing part transmission system (9). The stubble cleaning part (1) is composed of two rows of stubble cleaning blades (104) rotating at a high speed, straw can be fully smashed, meanwhile, the first row of blades cut and preliminarily smash the straw on the earth surface, the second row of blades further smash the straw and throw straw particles to the periphery, the small-particle straw can be fully mixed with soil more easily, straw decomposition is promoted, and the stubble cleaning effect is better. The soil organic matter content is increased; the power subsoiling shovel part (2) can cut and throw soil, compared with an existing subsoiler, the subsoiling mechanism has the advantages that transverse extrusion on the soil is smaller, the granular structure of the soil cannot be damaged, a plow pan is not prone to being formed, underground water can be conveniently sucked upwards in drought and permeated into water on the ground in waterlogging, and the performance of the subsoiling mechanism is better than that of a subsoiling plow. According to the rack type crushing and mixing part (3), a rack rotating at a high speed is matched with a spring, soil thrown in the air is rapidly beaten, the problems that soil hardening of the saline-alkali soil is serious, and soil blocks are not prone to being ground and crushed are solved, and pressing teeth can press straw particles into the soil and fully stir the straw particles, so that the straw particles are mixed more evenly; the compacting teeth can compact the soil after deep scarification, and soil crushing, mixing, compacting, soil leveling and the like are completed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery, in particular to the technical fields of stubble removal, deep loosening, stubble-soil mixing, soil compaction and the like in saline-alkali land.

[0002] Land preparation is an important production link in crop planting. Straw crushing and mixing is one of the important means of returning straw to the field. Returning coarse straw to the field is not conducive to straw decomposition, and will make the soil too loose and increase the gaps, which is not conducive to water and moisture retention. The soil and seeds are not in close contact, which affects seed germination. After the straw is fully crushed, the fine straw particles are fully mixed with the soil to accelerate the decomposition of the straw, convert it into organic matter, improve soil fertility, and reduce the application of chemical fertilizers. Compared with the existing deep loosening shovel, the powered deep loosening shovel can shovel the soil from top to bottom, reduce the lateral extrusion of the soil, protect the soil aggregate structure from being destroyed, and improve the soil's ability to store water and retain moisture. Combined operation can reduce the number of times the machine enters the field and avoid repeated rolling of the soil. The crushing, deep loosening, mixing, harrowing, and leveling operations can be completed at one time, and the soil can be ready for sowing in one operation. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art and propose a deep loosening, crushing and mixing combined land preparation machine for saline-alkali land. Under the operation of the stubble removing mechanism, the coarse straw is crushed into fine particles, which is conducive to fully mixing and covering with the soil; a power deep loosening shovel is designed for the loosening part, and the crank-connecting rod mechanism drives the deep loosening shovel to do reciprocating motion, shovels the soil from top to bottom, and throws the soil backward to achieve the purpose of deep loosening. Compared with the traction-type deep loosening shovel, it is not easy to form a plow bottom layer and has less lateral extrusion on the soil; the existing soil crushing roller is basically driven by the forward power of the unit, and the soil after plowing, no matter the size of the soil block, is only a single suppression. There are gaps between soil particles, which affects seed implantation and germination. The rack-type crushing and mixing part uses the high-speed rotation of the rack-type soil crushing roller and the elastic force of the suppression tooth spring to quickly hit the soil blocks thrown in the air, so as to achieve the purpose of crushing the soil. The soil after suppression is fine and dense, which is more conducive to seed implantation and germination. It has achieved the goal of reaching the sowing-ready state in saline-alkali land in one operation. Compared with segmented operation, it reduces the number of times the machine enters the land, avoids repeated compaction of the soil, protects the soil aggregate structure from being destroyed, improves the utilization rate of mechanical power, and saves time for tillage and land preparation.

[0004] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution of the present invention is: a saline-alkali land stubble-cutting, deep tilling, crushing and mixing combined land preparation machine, characterized in that it mainly comprises a high-speed stubble-cutting part (1), a power deep tilling shovel part (2), a rack-type crushing and mixing part (3), a frame (4), a three-point suspension device (5), a power deep tilling shovel part gearbox (6), a main gearbox (7), a universal joint transmission shaft (8), and a stubble-cutting, crushing and mixing part transmission system (9).

[0005] A deep tilling, crushing and mixing combined land leveling machine, the frame (4) consisting of two longitudinal beams and five transverse beams, side panels are installed on both sides of the two longitudinal beams, the side panels are divided into a left side panel and a right side panel, a three-point suspension (5) is arranged above the first and second transverse beams from the front to the back of the frame, a high-speed stubble-chopping part (1) is fixed below the second and third transverse beams, a power deep tilling shovel part (2) is fixed below the third and fourth transverse beams, a rack-type crushing and mixing part (3) is fixed to the tail transverse beam and the two longitudinal beams, the left side panel and the right side panel are fixed to the longitudinal beams with bolts, a power deep tilling shovel part gearbox (6) is installed on the left side panel, a stubble-chopping and crushing and mixing part transmission system (8) is installed on the right side panel, and a main gearbox (7) is installed directly above the second and third transverse beams.

[0006] The transmission system comprises a main gearbox (7), a power subsoiler gearbox (6), and a stubble-crushing and mixing transmission system (9). The main gearbox outputs power to the power subsoiler gearbox (6) and the stubble-crushing and mixing transmission system (9) via a universal joint transmission shaft (8).

[0007] The stubble-cutting, crushing and mixing part transmission system (9) comprises an intermediate bevel gear set (901) for realizing forward and backward reversal of power, which is output to a bevel gear set (902) and a bevel gear set (904) respectively; the power of the bevel gear set (902) is transmitted via a shaft to a bevel gear set (903) for reversal and torque increase and output to a stubble-cutting gearbox (105); the power of the bevel gear set (904) is transmitted via a shaft to a bevel gear set (905) for reversal and torque increase and output to a crushing and mixing part transmission system (305).

[0008] The high-speed stubble-cutting part (1) comprises a stubble-cutting blade driving device (101), a stubble component hydraulic height adjustment part (102), a stubble-cutting blade holder (103), a stubble-cutting blade (104), and a stubble-cutting gearbox (105). The high-speed stubble-cutting part housing is fixed on a frame by four pull rods and a hydraulic oil cylinder of the stubble component hydraulic height adjustment part. The stubble-cutting blade driving device (101) is divided into two rows, front and rear, with five blades in each row fixed on the high-speed stubble-cutting part housing. The stubble-cutting blade driving device (101) is composed of a group of bevel gears, a cover shell and a blade shaft. The bevel gear (1011) is connected to the blade shaft (1014). A stubble-cutting blade holder (103) is fixed on the blade shaft. Two stubble-cutting blades (104) are installed on each blade holder. One end of the blade is a free end, and the other end is bolted to the stubble-cutting blade holder (103) to facilitate blade replacement. The gear (1012) is connected to the stubble-cutting part transfer box (105) by a shaft to achieve transmission.

[0009] The power deep plowing shovel part (2) includes a fixed connecting rod (201), a rocker (202), a deep plowing shovel (203), a driven connecting rod (204), and a driving connecting rod (205). The fixed connecting rod (201) is fixed on the frame crossbeam. The main journal (2051) of the driving connecting rod is connected to the middle hole of the fixed connecting rod (201), and one end is connected to the gearbox (6) of the power deep plowing shovel part. The connecting rod journal (2052) of the driving connecting rod is connected to the tail hole of the driven connecting rod (204), the head end of the rocker (202) is connected to the middle hole of the driven connecting rod (204), and the end of the rocker (202) is connected to the fixed connecting rod (201), forming a group of connecting rod systems. Six groups are placed horizontally to form the power deep plowing shovel part. The driven connecting rod (204) is equipped with a deep plowing shovel (203), and the two are bolted to facilitate the replacement of the worn deep plowing shovel.

[0010] The rack-type crushing and mixing part (3) is composed of a hydraulic height adjustment part (301) of a pressure tooth type crushing and mixing component, a spring compression baffle (302), a spring (303), a spring pressure tooth fixing bracket (304), a crushing and mixing part transmission system (305), and a pressure tooth (306). Each spring pressure tooth fixing bracket (304) has six spring fixing seats and six pressure tooth fixing seats. One end of the spring (303) is fixed to the spring fixing seat and the other end is fixed to the pressure tooth. One end of the pressure tooth (306) is fixed to the pressure tooth fixing seat and the other end is a free end. The middle end is connected to the spring (303). Six groups of spring pressure teeth are arranged circumferentially on a spring pressure tooth fixing bracket (304) to form a pressure tooth type crushing and mixing unit. 45 pressure tooth type crushing and mixing units are arranged radially on an axis to form a pressure tooth type crushing and mixing roller. The right end of the axis is fixed to the side plate by a bearing seat and a bearing, and the left side of the axis is connected to the crushing and mixing part transmission system. The rack-type crushing and mixing part (3) is connected to the frame via two pull rods and a hydraulic cylinder (303) for suppressing the rack-type crushing and mixing part. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 It is an isometric view of a combined soil preparation machine for stubble killing, deep tillage and shredding in saline-alkali land.

[0012] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Right view of the combined land preparation machine for stubble killing, deep tillage and shredding in saline-alkali land.

[0013] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Isometric view of the stubble blade drive.

[0014] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 Transmission system isometric view.

[0015] Figure 5 yes Figure 1 Partial isometric view of a medium powered deep tiller.

[0016] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 Front view of the center drive link.

[0017] Figure 7 yes Figure 5 Simple structural diagram and schematic diagram of the movement trajectory of the deep plowing shovel.

[0018] Figure 8 yes Figure 1 Side view of the middle rack type mixing part.

[0019] Fig. 9 yes Figure 1 Isometric view of the center rack mixing section.

[0020] Fig.10 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the working process.

[0021] In the figure: 1-high-speed stubble destroying part, 101-stubble destroying blade driving device, 102-stubble destroying part hydraulic height adjustment part, 103-stubble destroying knife holder, 104-stubble destroying blade, 105-stubble destroying part gearbox, 2-power deep tilling shovel part, 201-fixed connecting rod, 202-rocker, 203-deep tilling shovel, 204-driven connecting rod, 205-driving connecting rod, 3-rack type crushing and mixing part, 301-suppression tooth type crushing and mixing part hydraulic height adjustment part, 302-spring compression baffle, 303-spring, 304-spring suppression tooth fixing bracket, 305-crushing and mixing part gearbox, 306-suppression tooth, 4-frame, 5-three-point suspension, 6-power deep tilling shovel part gearbox, 7-main gearbox, 8-universal joint drive shaft, 9-stubble destroying and crushing part transmission system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to further explain the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the predetermined invention purpose, the specific implementation methods, structures, features and effects of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments: like Figure 1 As shown, a saline-alkali land stubble-cutting, deep-loosening, crushing and mixing combined land preparation machine mainly includes a high-speed stubble-cutting part 1, a power deep-loosening shovel part 2, a rack-type crushing and mixing part 3, a frame 4, a three-point suspension device 5, a power deep-loosening shovel part gearbox 6, a main gearbox 7, a universal joint drive shaft 8, and a stubble-cutting, crushing and mixing part transmission system 9. The high-speed stubble-cutting part 1, the power deep-loosening shovel part 2, and the rack-type crushing and mixing part 3 are fixed on the frame in sequence from front to back.

[0023] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, a deep loosening, crushing and mixing combined land preparation machine includes a frame 4 and a three-point suspension 5. The three-point suspension 5 The three-point suspension 4 is connected to the tractor in front of the whole machine through bolts, so as to drive the whole machine forward. A main gearbox is arranged above the frame 4, and a high-speed stubble-chopping part 1, a power deep-soiling shovel part 2, and a rack-type crushing and mixing part are arranged below the frame 4. Left and right side panels are arranged on both sides of the frame 4, and the two side panels are connected to the frame longitudinal beams through bolts. The gearbox 6 of the power deep-soiling shovel part on the left side panel is connected to the side panel through bolts, and the transmission system 9 of the stubble-chopping and mixing part on the right side panel is connected to the side panel through bolts.

[0024] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the transmission system is connected by the tractor power output shaft and the main gearbox 7 of the tiller through the spline shaft to achieve the initial speed reduction and torque increase and power left and right reversing. The left power output is output by the left universal joint transmission shaft 8 to the power deep tilling shovel part gearbox 6. The right power is output by the right universal joint transmission shaft 8 to the intermediate gearbox bevel gear set 901 of the stubble-crushing and mixing part transmission system, which divides the power into two parts, the front power is output by the front shaft to the front bevel gear set 902, which converts the lateral power into the longitudinal power, and is output by the front spline shaft to the bevel gear set 903, which converts the longitudinal power into the lateral power and outputs it to the stubble-crushing part gearbox 105. The rear power is output by the rear shaft to the front bevel gear set 904, which converts the lateral power into the longitudinal power, and is output by the rear spline shaft to the bevel gear set 905, which converts the longitudinal power into the lateral power and outputs it to the gearbox 305 of the crushing and mixing part.

[0025] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 The high-speed stubble-cutting part 1 shown is composed of five groups of stubble-cutting blade drive devices arranged laterally. The power of the stubble-cutting part gearbox 105 is output to the universal joint drive shaft of the stubble-cutting blade drive device. The bevel gear 1012 in the stubble-cutting blade drive device is connected to the universal joint drive shaft of the stubble-cutting blade drive device. The bevel gear 1012 is meshed with the bevel gear 1011. The power is output to the stubble-cutting knife shaft 1014, which drives the knife holder 103 and the blade 104 to make a circular motion, thereby realizing the task of crushing the straw and throwing the straw around.

[0026] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, when the high-speed stubble destroying part 1 needs to be lowered according to the amount of straw, the rodless chambers of the two parallel hydraulic cylinders 102 begin to take in oil, and the rodless chambers begin to return oil, so that the piston rod extends outward and pushes the pull rod downward, so that the high-speed stubble destroying part 1 can be lowered, and vice versa for rising.

[0027] like Figure 5 , Figure 6As shown, the driving connecting rod 205 of the power deep sowing shovel part is composed of a main journal 2051 and a connecting rod journal 2052. The main journal 2051 is connected to the power deep sowing shovel part gearbox 6. Six groups of connecting rod journals are arranged transversely in front and behind the main journal to form the driving connecting rod 205. The main journal is powered by the power deep sowing shovel part gearbox 6 to make circular motion, and the connecting rod journal 2052 reciprocates around the main journal 2051. The head hole of the driven connecting rod 204 is connected to the connecting rod journal 2052, and reciprocates back and forth. The middle hole of the driven connecting rod 204 is connected to the tail hole of the rocker 202, and the head hole of the rocker 202 is connected to the fixed connecting rod 201, so that the rocker swings up and down. A deep tillage shovel 203 is installed at the end of the driven connecting rod 204. When it reciprocates back and forth, the process is a bad arc, so that the bottom of the tillage layer presents a regular ripple, which is more conducive to crop rooting. The return stroke is approximately a straight line. The schematic diagram of the motion trajectory is shown in Figure 8, which realizes the task of deep tillage and straw burying.

[0028] like Figure 8 , Fig. 9 As shown, the rack-type crushing and mixing part 3 is composed of a hydraulic height adjustment part 301 of a pressure tooth type crushing and mixing component, a spring compression baffle 302, a spring 303, a spring pressure tooth fixing bracket 304, a crushing and mixing part transmission system 305, and a pressure tooth 306. The crushing and mixing part gearbox 305 drives the pressure tooth type crushing and mixing roller to rotate counterclockwise. When the arc-shaped pressure tooth 306 rotates to be tangent to the ground, the ground applies upward pressure to the pressure tooth, and the pressure tooth begins to compress the spring. When the tip of the pressure tooth passes the ground, the pressure disappears, and the compressed spring is instantly released, which pops open the pressure tooth and bounces off the soil adhering to the pressure tooth. When the arc-shaped pressing teeth rotate to overlap with the spring compression baffle 302, the ground applies downward pressure to the pressing teeth, and the pressing teeth begin to compress the spring. When the tip of the pressing teeth passes the baffle, the pressure disappears, and the compressed spring is released instantly, popping open the pressing teeth. The pressing teeth collide with the soil thrown by the loosening shovel at high speed to break up the soil blocks. During the pressing, each pressing tooth goes deep into the ground, which can make the crushed straw and soil mixed more evenly. The hydraulic height adjustment part 301 of the pressing tooth type crushing and mixing component adjusts its height according to the tillage depth, and the lifting principle is the same as that of the high-speed stubble removing part 1. It completes the tasks of crushing soil, pressing, mixing and leveling soil.

[0029] The above is a detailed introduction to a saline-alkali land stubble-removing, deep loosening, crushing and mixing combined land preparation machine provided by the present invention. Specific examples are used in this article to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and core idea of ​​the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, without departing from the principles of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made to the present invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention. The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables professionals and technicians in this field to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be obvious to professionals and technicians in this field, and the general principles defined in this article can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown in this article, but will conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed in this article.

Claims

1. A saline-alkali land stubble-cutting, deep loosening, crushing and mixing combined land preparation machine, characterized in that: The invention comprises a high-speed stubble-chopping part (1), a power deep-soiling shovel part (2), a rack-type crushing and mixing part (3), a frame (4), a three-point suspension device (5), a power deep-soiling shovel part gearbox (6), a main gearbox (7), a universal joint transmission shaft (8), and a stubble-chopping and mixing part transmission system (9). The high-speed stubble-chopping part (1), the reciprocating power deep-soiling shovel part (2), and the rack-type crushing and mixing part (4) are arranged on the frame in sequence according to the operation sequence.

2. The land preparation machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The machine is provided with a power deep-soiling shovel part (2), which is designed according to the principle of Chebyshev connecting rod mechanism, and the main structure includes a fixed connecting rod (201), a rocker (202), a deep-soiling shovel (203), a driven connecting rod (204), and a driving connecting rod (205). The fixed connecting rod (201) is fixed on the frame crossbeam, and six groups of connecting rod journals are arranged transversely in front and behind the main journal (2051), forming the driving connecting rod 205. One end of the main journal (2051) is connected to the gearbox (6) of the power deep plowing shovel part, and the other end is fixed to the side plate by a bearing and a bearing seat. The main journal (2051) of the driving connecting rod is connected to the middle hole of the fixed connecting rod (201), the connecting rod journal (2052) is connected to the tail hole of the driven connecting rod (204), the head end of the rocker (202) is connected to the middle hole of the driven connecting rod (204), and the end of the rocker (202) is connected to the fixed connecting rod (201), forming a group of connecting rod systems, six groups are arranged horizontally, and the front and rear rows form the power deep plowing shovel part. The driven connecting rod (204) is equipped with a deep plowing shovel (203), and the two are bolted to facilitate the replacement of the worn deep plowing shovel.

3. According to the land preparation machine described in claims 1 and 2, the lengths of the driving connecting rod (205), the fixed connecting rod (201) and the rocking arm (202) are in a fixed ratio, which ensures that the motion trajectory of the driven rod is within a constant range, so that the motion trajectory of the deep tillage shovel process is a bad arc, so that the bottom of the tillage layer presents a regular ripple, which is more conducive to crop rooting, and the return stroke is approximately a straight line, ensuring that the working surface is flat.

4. The land preparation machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-speed stubble-cutting part (1) is provided with two rows of high-speed rotating moving blades (104) at the front and rear. The first row of blades cuts the straw on the ground surface and crushes it preliminarily. The second row of blades crushes the preliminarily crushed straw for a second time and throws it around.

5. The soil preparation machine according to claims 3 and 4, characterized in that: The high-speed stubble-chopping part (1) controls the ground clearance according to the tillage depth through the stubble-chopping component hydraulic height adjustment part (102).

6. The soil preparation machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rack type crushing and mixing part (3) is composed of a pressing tooth (306) and a spring (303). When the arc-shaped pressing tooth rotates to be tangent to the ground, the ground applies upward pressure to the pressing tooth, and the pressing tooth begins to compress the spring. When the tip of the pressing tooth passes the ground, the pressure disappears, and the compressed spring is released instantly, and the pressing tooth is bounced off, and the soil adhering to the pressing tooth is bounced off. When the arc-shaped pressing tooth rotates to overlap with the spring compression baffle (302), the ground applies downward pressure to the pressing tooth, and the pressing tooth begins to compress the spring. When the tip of the pressing tooth passes the baffle, the pressure disappears, and the compressed spring is released instantly, and the pressing tooth is bounced off. The pressing tooth collides with the soil thrown by the loosening shovel at high speed to break the soil blocks.

7. The soil preparation machine according to claims 1 and 7, characterized in that: The rack type crushing and mixing part (3) is controlled in height by a hydraulic height adjustment part (301) according to the tillage depth.

8. The soil preparation machine according to claims 1 and 7, characterized in that: The pressing teeth (306) penetrate deep into the ground during operation, and while completing the pressing, the soil and the straw particles can be fully mixed, so that the straw particles are mixed more evenly and are conducive to composting.

9. The soil preparation machine according to claim 1, 2, 5, 7, characterized in that: The transmission system is connected by a tractor power output shaft and a main gearbox (7) of the tiller to achieve initial speed reduction and torque increase and left-right power switching. The left power is output to the power deep tilling shovel part gearbox (6), and the right power is output to the stubble-crushing and mixing part transmission system (9), to achieve secondary power speed reduction and torque increase and front-back switching. The front power is output to the stubble-crushing part transmission system (105), and the rear power is provided to the crushing and mixing part transmission system (305).

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