A multi-stage ecological self-repairing type saline-alkali land greening method

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of landscaping engineering, and relates to a multi-stage ecological self-repairing type saline-alkali land greening method, which comprises the following steps: spreading composite soil microcapsules containing a salt absorption agent, slow-release nutrient elements and an organic substrate on a soil surface layer and a 5-10 cm middle layer, laying a guest soil layer on the composite microcapsule layer, covering a layer of degradable biological membrane, and fixing the biological membrane with nails or stones; selecting a plurality of salt-tolerant plants to form a tree layer, a shrub layer and a ground cover layer, configuring a microbial suspension, uniformly spraying the microbial suspension on a plant rhizosphere area by using a spraying device, subsequently irrigating to help the microbial colonization, replacing plant species with different depth root systems every 2-3 years, and alternately planting shallow-rooted plants and deep-rooted plants to break the accumulation of salt in a specific area of soil. The present application realizes the gradual improvement of saline-alkali land through a multi-stage ecological repair system, can dynamically adapt to the change of soil salinity at different stages, and effectively alleviates the salt condensation problem.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of landscaping engineering, and more specifically, to a multi-stage ecological self-restoration method for greening saline-alkali land. Background Technology

[0002] Saline-alkali land is widely distributed in many parts of the world. Due to its high salt content and alkalinity, the soil has poor permeability and low water use efficiency, making it difficult for plants to survive and seriously affecting the ecological balance of the soil and plant growth. In the field of saline-alkali land greening, a variety of methods have been proposed to improve soil conditions and promote plant survival and growth.

[0003] For example, CN112655306B discloses a method and system for greening saline-alkali land. This method involves collecting topographic information and zoning the greening area, and combining this with soil salinity and alkali testing results to design greening layouts for different topographic units. The method adds soil amendment materials (such as salt-absorbing substances, organic fertilizer, and fine sand) to different areas and lays a topsoil layer to improve soil structure and increase soil nutrients. It also introduces an automatic irrigation system and a soil monitoring system, using a PLC controller to remotely control irrigation and drainage. Based on the monitored soil salinity and alkali content, the method dynamically adjusts the amendment measures, thereby improving plant survival rates and reducing maintenance costs.

[0004] While the automated irrigation and monitoring systems of this technology can improve initial plant survival rates, they fail to achieve long-term ecosystem balance and adaptive restoration. Saline-alkali land environments are complex, with significant differences in soil salinity and plant adaptability. This technology is suitable for initial improvement but does not fully consider the system's self-regulation and multi-stage ecological balance. Existing methods typically lack slow-release mechanisms in nutrient application, leading to rapid nutrient loss and difficulty in supporting long-term healthy plant growth. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an adaptive and long-term stable method for greening saline-alkali land by constructing composite microcapsules, biodegradable biofilms, multi-layered root interaction networks of salt-tolerant plants, and dynamically regulated microbial suspensions.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] A multi-stage ecological self-repairing method for greening saline-alkali land includes the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: Spread the composite soil microcapsules containing salt absorbent, slow-release nutrients and organic matrix on the soil surface and the middle layer of 5-10 cm, with a spreading amount of 100-150 grams per square meter;

[0009] Step 2: Lay a 5-10 cm thick layer of topsoil on the composite microcapsule layer, then cover it with a biodegradable biofilm made of straw fiber, and fix the biofilm with nails or stones.

[0010] Step 3: Select a variety of salt-tolerant plants to form a tree layer, a shrub layer and a ground cover layer. The tree layer is planted at a density of 0.25 plants per square meter, the shrub layer at a density of 1 plant per square meter, and the ground cover layer at a density of 2 plants per square meter.

[0011] Step 4: Prepare the microbial suspension and spray it evenly on the plant rhizosphere using a spraying device. The dosage is 100 ml per square meter. Then irrigate to help the microorganisms colonize.

[0012] Step 5: Rotate plant species with different root depths every 2-3 years, alternating shallow-rooted and deep-rooted plants to break the accumulation of salt in specific areas of the soil.

[0013] The present invention is further configured such that: the salt absorbent in the composite soil microcapsules is calcium chloride, the slow-release nutrient element is nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer, and the organic matrix is ​​humus powder.

[0014] The composite soil microcapsules comprise 30-40 parts calcium chloride, 20-30 parts nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer and 30-40 parts humic powder by weight. The microcapsules automatically expand upon contact with soil moisture and slowly release nutrients to continuously supply the soil.

[0015] The present invention is further configured such that slow-release fertilizer particles and salt-tolerant microbial strains are embedded in the biodegradable biofilm, so that the biofilm gradually releases nutrients and microorganisms during the degradation process, thereby reducing the frequency of external fertilizer use on saline-alkali land.

[0016] The invention is further configured such that: the tree layer includes ash trees with a root system depth greater than 50 cm.

[0017] The shrub layer includes Chinese juniper with a root system depth of 20-50 cm.

[0018] The ground cover layer consists of salt-tolerant herbaceous plants with root depths of less than 10 cm.

[0019] The present invention is further configured such that: in step 5, plant rotation includes replacing some tree and shrub varieties, replacing the ash trees in the tree layer with juniper, replacing the Chinese juniper in the shrub layer with red-leaf peach, and supplementing the rhizosphere with microorganisms and slow-release organic matter to maintain the dynamic balance of the soil environment.

[0020] The present invention is further configured such that step 5 includes regularly monitoring the microbial community status of the rhizosphere of trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants so as to spray microbial community replenishment solution later to maintain microecological balance;

[0021] Every 2-3 years, based on the test results of soil salinity and nutrient levels, compound soil microcapsules are applied to the root zones of trees, shrubs and ground cover plants to maintain the dynamic balance of soil salinity and nutrients in each rhizosphere layer.

[0022] The present invention is further configured such that: each liter of the microbial suspension in step 4 contains salt-tolerant actinomycetes. - CFU / mL, salt-tolerant mycorrhizal fungi - Spores / mL, rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria (PGPR) - CFU / mL and halophilic nitrogen-fixing bacteria - CFU / mL.

[0023] Compared with the shortcomings of the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0024] Through a phased ecological restoration system, the saline-alkali land has been gradually improved. It can dynamically adapt to changes in soil salinity at different stages and effectively alleviate the problem of salt reabsorption.

[0025] Microcapsules containing salt absorbers, slow-release nutrients, and organic matrix can expand and release nutrients slowly when soil moisture reaches a certain level, effectively reducing nutrient loss. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0027] Reference Figure 1 Further explanation of the embodiments:

[0028] Step 1: Spread composite soil microcapsules

[0029] Compound soil microcapsules, comprising 30-40 parts calcium chloride, 20-30 parts nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, and 30-40 parts humus powder. Application rate: 100-150 grams per square meter.

[0030] Calcium chloride in the composite soil microcapsules acts as a salt absorber, effectively adsorbing and reducing the concentration of sodium ions in the soil, thus alleviating the stress of salinity on plant roots. Simultaneously, the slow-release nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) provide a stable nutrient supply to the plants, promoting root growth. Humus powder improves soil structure and water retention, enhancing soil permeability.

[0031] The composite microcapsules not only reduce soil salinity in the initial stage, but also create a more suitable soil environment for the long-term growth of plants by slow-release nutrients and organic matter improvement.

[0032] Operating steps: Soil preparation: Use a deep tiller or rotary tiller to till the surface soil of saline-alkali land to a depth of 5-10 cm to ensure that the soil is loose and facilitates the even distribution of microcapsules.

[0033] Use a hand-push spreader to evenly spread the composite soil microcapsules on the soil surface and in the middle layer 5-10 cm deep. For smaller areas, you can manually spread them evenly using a hand-held spreader.

[0034] After spreading, use a rotary tiller again to gently mix the microcapsules into the soil, so that the microcapsules are evenly distributed among the soil particles in the surface and middle layers.

[0035] Step 2: After spreading the composite soil microcapsules 7-10, lay the topsoil layer and fix the biodegradable biofilm.

[0036] The biodegradable biofilm is made of straw fiber and embedded with slow-release fertilizer granules and salt-tolerant microbial inoculants. Operation steps: Laying the topsoil layer: Use a dump truck or excavator to transport topsoil to the soil surface after spreading the microcapsules. Use a grader or shovel to evenly spread a 5-10 cm thick layer of topsoil, then compact the surface. This 5-10 cm thick layer of topsoil provides a nutrient-rich and loosely structured layer, helping seedlings to take root; the biodegradable biofilm, embedded with slow-release fertilizer granules and salt-tolerant microorganisms, gradually releases nutrients during degradation, continuously improving the soil surface environment.

[0037] A biofilm laying machine is used to lay the biodegradable biofilm on the topsoil layer. Then, U-shaped nails are used to secure the biofilm every 50 centimeters, and a rubber mallet is used to gently tap the nails in to prevent the biofilm from being blown away by the wind or shifting due to irrigation. The topsoil layer and biofilm work together to effectively protect plant roots from direct salt exposure, reduce water evaporation, and improve the soil's water retention capacity, thus ensuring a higher plant survival rate.

[0038] Step 3: After laying the topsoil and biofilm, wait 2-3 weeks before planting salt-tolerant plants in layers.

[0039] Tree layer: Select ash trees with a root depth greater than 50 cm, and plant them at a density of 1 tree per 4 square meters (i.e., 0.25 trees per square meter).

[0040] Shrub layer: Select Chinese juniper with a root depth of 20-50 cm, and plant at a density of 1 plant per square meter.

[0041] Ground cover: Select salt-tolerant herbaceous plants with root depth less than 10 cm, and plant them at a density of 2 plants per square meter.

[0042] The tree layer (ash trees) has a deep root system, which can absorb water at a deep depth and isolate deep salts in the soil; the shrub layer (juniper) is distributed in the middle layer and helps the water and salt balance in the middle layer; the ground cover layer (salt-tolerant herbaceous plants) covers the soil surface and reduces water evaporation.

[0043] Operating steps: Use an electric planting drill to dig holes in the soil according to the required density (50 cm deep for the tree layer, 20-30 cm deep for the shrub layer, and 10 cm deep for the ground cover layer).

[0044] Place the plant roots into the hole and fill the hole with soil until it is level with the surrounding soil, ensuring that the roots are completely covered. Use a planting shovel to gently compact the planting area. Then, use a watering bucket or portable irrigation equipment to water each plant, ensuring that the roots are in close contact with the soil and preventing it from drying out.

[0045] Layered planting creates a multi-layered root network, which effectively reduces soil erosion and salinity rise, while improving the system's water and salt balance and stress resistance, resulting in higher survival rates and stability of plants in saline-alkali land.

[0046] Step 4: After layered planting, wait 1-2 days before spraying the microbial suspension and irrigating.

[0047] Material formulation: Each liter of microbial suspension contains: salt-tolerant actinomycetes - CFU / mL, salt-tolerant mycorrhizal fungi - Spores / mL, rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria (PGPR) - CFU / mL and halophilic nitrogen-fixing bacteria - CFU / mL.

[0048] The salt-tolerant actinomycetes, mycorrhizal fungi, growth-promoting bacteria (PGPR), and nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the microbial suspension work together to establish a long-lasting biologically active micro-ecosystem in the rhizosphere. Actinomycetes and mycorrhizal fungi help decompose organic matter in the soil and improve the rhizosphere environment, while PGPR and nitrogen-fixing bacteria help plants absorb nutrients more efficiently.

[0049] Operating Procedures: Add the microbial suspension to a backpack or trailer sprayer and spray evenly over the rhizosphere area of ​​the plants. The spraying volume should be controlled at 100 ml per square meter to ensure sufficient microbial colonization in each plant root zone. Immediately after spraying, irrigate with a drip irrigation system, applying 5-10 liters of water per square meter to help the microbial suspension penetrate into the rhizosphere soil and promote microbial colonization. The rhizosphere micro-ecosystem significantly enhances plant nutrient absorption and salt tolerance, reduces dependence on external fertilizers, and helps maintain the ecological stability of saline-alkali soils and the long-term healthy growth of plants.

[0050] The following is the phase inspection table:

[0051]

[0052] As shown in the data above, after 2 months, the soil salinity decreased from the initial 8.2 to 7.95, indicating that the colonization of microorganisms and the slow release of salt absorbents began to have an initial impact on salinity.

[0053] 4-6 months: With the continuous action of the microbial suspension, the pH gradually decreases to 7.7, indicating that the soil salinity is gradually adjusting to a range suitable for plant growth.

[0054] Step 5: Crop rotation and ecological feedback monitoring

[0055] Crop rotation should be implemented every 2-3 years, replacing ash trees with junipers in the tree layer and Chinese juniper with red-leaf peach in the shrub layer. Rotating different salt-tolerant plants can avoid salt accumulation caused by long-term planting of a single plant and regulate soil nutrient balance by supplementing microorganisms and slow-release organic matter.

[0056] Operational steps: During the crop rotation cycle, use a transplanting shovel or planting machine to replace the trees and shrubs that need to be replaced, and at the same time cover the soil around the roots of the new plants with microorganisms and slow-release organic matter to maintain ecological balance.

[0057] Every six months, a portable soil tester is used to test soil salinity, moisture, and nutrient levels. Samples are collected and the microbial community is analyzed in the laboratory to determine whether it is necessary to increase microorganisms or supplement with compound microcapsules.

[0058] Based on soil monitoring results, compound microcapsules or microbial suspensions are reapplied to the root zones of trees, shrubs, and ground cover plants every 2-3 years, with adjustments to the application rate and frequency to ensure a dynamic balance of soil salinity and nutrients in the rhizosphere. Through soil testing and feedback adjustments, the system ensures that plants at different levels adapt to dynamic changes in soil salinity, further optimizing the plant growth environment.

[0059] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any ordinary changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-stage ecological self-repairing method for greening saline-alkali land, characterized in that, The steps include the following: Step 1: Spread the composite soil microcapsules containing salt absorbent, slow-release nutrients and organic matrix on the soil surface and the middle layer of 5-10 cm, with a spreading amount of 100-150 grams per square meter; Step 2: Lay a 5-10 cm thick layer of topsoil on the composite microcapsule layer, then cover it with a biodegradable biofilm made of straw fiber, and fix the biofilm with nails or stones. Step 3: Select a variety of salt-tolerant plants to form a tree layer, a shrub layer and a ground cover layer. The tree layer is planted at a density of 0.25 plants per square meter, the shrub layer at a density of 1 plant per square meter, and the ground cover layer at a density of 2 plants per square meter. Step 4: Prepare the microbial suspension and spray it evenly on the plant rhizosphere using a spraying device. The dosage is 100 ml per square meter. Then irrigate to help the microorganisms establish themselves. Step 5: Rotate plant species with different root systems every 2-3 years, alternating between shallow-rooted and deep-rooted plants to break the accumulation of salt in specific areas of the soil. The salt absorbent in the composite soil microcapsules is calcium chloride, the slow-release nutrient element is nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer, and the organic matrix is ​​humus powder. The composite soil microcapsules comprise, by weight, 30-40 parts calcium chloride, 20-30 parts nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, and 30-40 parts humic powder. Upon contact with soil moisture, the microcapsules automatically expand and slowly release nutrients to continuously supply the soil. The biodegradable biofilm is embedded with slow-release fertilizer particles and salt-tolerant microbial strains, so that the biofilm gradually releases nutrients and microorganisms during the degradation process, reducing the frequency of external fertilizer application to saline-alkali land. Step 5 also includes regularly monitoring the microbial community status of the rhizosphere of trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants so that microbial community replenishment solution can be sprayed later to maintain the micro-ecological balance; Every 2-3 years, based on the test results of soil salinity and nutrient levels, composite soil microcapsules are applied to the root zones of trees, shrubs and ground cover plants to maintain the dynamic balance of soil salinity and nutrients in each rhizosphere layer.

2. The multi-stage ecological self-restoration type saline-alkali land greening method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tree layer includes ash trees with root systems deeper than 50 centimeters. The shrub layer includes Chinese juniper with a root system depth of 20-50 cm. The ground cover layer consists of salt-tolerant herbaceous plants with root depths of less than 10 cm.

3. The multi-stage ecological self-restoration type saline-alkali land greening method according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step 5, plant rotation includes replacing some tree and shrub varieties, replacing the ash trees in the tree layer with juniper, replacing the Chinese juniper in the shrub layer with red-leaf peach, and supplementing the rhizosphere with microorganisms and slow-release organic matter to maintain the dynamic balance of the soil environment.

4. The multi-stage ecological self-repairing saline-alkali land greening method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microbial suspension in step 4 contains 10 salt-tolerant actinomycetes per liter. 6 -10 8 CFU / mL, salt-tolerant mycorrhizal fungi 10 5 -10 7 Spores / mL, rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria (PGPR) 10 6 -10 8 CFU / mL and 10 halophilic nitrogen-fixing bacteria 5 -10 7 CFU / mL.

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