High-yield cultivation method for large hazelnuts

Abstract

The invention discloses a large hazelnut high-yield cultivation method, and belongs to the field of hazelnut planting. The planting method comprises the following planting steps: (1) planting plant row spacing: (1.5-2m) * 2m, and planting 166-222 plants per mu; (2) determining the trunk height, wherein the trunk height is 50-70 cm; (3) fertilizer and water management technology: a conventional cultivation method; (4) shaping and pruning: when young sprouts grow to more than 15cm, opening angles, pruning first and second competitive branches below pruning mouths, removing all lateral branches germinating on central trunks except branches during winter pruning, and pruning the branches of the central trunks to be 50-80cm long, pruning competitive branches during summer pruning, thinning other branches on trunks too densely, opening angles of too upright branches, keeping the other branches still, pruning the branches of the central trunks to be 50-80cm long during winter pruning, and pruning the branches of the central trunks to be 50-80cm long during winter pruning; other branches are slowly released without being sheared. By means of the cultivation method, the number of plants planted per mu is increased, the pruning technology is simple and extremely easy to master, the amount of labor is small, the early high-yield period can be entered in three years, the high-yield period can be entered in four years, the yield per mu and quality are better than those of other tree forms, tree body updating is fast, and the yield is stable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of hazelnut planting, in particular to a high-yield cultivation method for large hazelnuts. Background Art

[0002] Hazelnuts are rich in nutrients. Hazelnut kernels contain protein, fat, carbohydrates, carotene, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, and vitamin E. In addition, they also contain 8 kinds of amino acids needed by the human body. Hazelnuts also contain various trace elements and minerals, such as iron, calcium, and phosphorus, which are higher than other nuts. Hazelnuts have a special fragrance. Proper intake can help the body supplement the required nutrients, stimulate the taste buds, and achieve the purpose of appetizing, so they can help enhance appetite. The oil and dietary fiber contained in hazelnuts can lubricate the intestines to a certain extent, promote gastrointestinal peristalsis, help digestion, and improve constipation. Hazelnut kernels are rich in nutrients such as monounsaturated fatty acids, which are beneficial to maintaining physical health and strengthening physical fitness. Hazelnuts contain a high content of vitamin E. This type of vitamin has a strong antioxidant effect, improves human microcirculation, eliminates free radicals and reduces spots, promotes skin metabolism, improves skin elasticity, and plays a good role in beauty and skin care. Hazelnuts, as a nut food, have been widely recognized by the public.

[0003] Hazelnut belongs to the Corylacea family, Corylus L. genus. It is a woody food and oil-bearing tree species and one of the four major nuts in the world. The cultivation and utilization value of hazelnut is very high.

[0005] At present, the main trunk open heart shape and bush shape pruning methods are mostly used in the cultivation of hazelnuts. Among them, the short-stem bush shape hazel trees retain 3 to 5 basal branches as main branches, and grow obliquely and extend in different directions. Side branches, nutrient branches and fruiting mother branches grow on the main branches, forming a natural open heart shape as a whole, and the tree height reaches 3 to 5 meters. Single-stem natural open heart shape hazel trees should retain one main trunk with a trunk height of 40 to 60 cm. 3 to 4 evenly distributed main branches are selected on the main trunk, and secondary side branches and fruiting mother branches grow on the side branches. This kind of tree shape has a short trunk and a natural open heart shape. There are the following technical problems with these two pruning methods: the pruning technology of young trees is relatively cumbersome, difficult to master, and requires a large amount of labor and high cost. It takes 6-7 years to enter the high-yield period. The yield also needs to be further improved.

[0006] The Chinese patent with the authorization announcement number CN 103931452 B discloses a high-yield cultivation method for hazelnuts, which is implemented by the following steps: artificial assisted pollination is used during the flowering period of hazelnuts; foliar fertilizer is added during the fertilization period; S-inducing agent is sprayed during the fruit filling period; dwarfing agent is sprayed during the peak period of root tillering; and the yield of hazelnuts is improved by combining pest control technology. This cultivation method is to increase the yield by increasing the fruit setting rate and reducing the empty fruit rate and insect fruit rate, but its per mu yield is only 34.7 kg, which is also extremely low. Therefore, how to increase the yield of large hazelnuts and shorten the time to enter the high-yield period has become a technical problem that technicians in this field need to solve urgently. Summary of the invention

[0007] The present invention is to solve the above technical problems and provides a high-yield cultivation method for hazelnuts, which has the advantages of increased number of plants per mu, simple pruning technology, extremely easy to master, low labor consumption, entering the initial high-yield period in 3 years, entering the peak production period in 4 years, significantly better per mu yield than other tree shapes, fast and easy tree renewal, and stable yield.

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0009] A high-yield cultivation method for hazelnuts, the planting steps of which are as follows:

[0010] (1) Planting row spacing: 1.5-2m×2m, 166-222 plants per mu;

[0011] (2) Fixed stem height: Fixed stem height is 50cm-70cm;

[0012] (3) Fertilizer and water management: Use conventional cultivation methods for management;

[0013] (4) Shaping and pruning: In the first year of planting, around mid-June, when the new shoots grow to more than 15 cm, the upright branches are opened at an angle of 60°-68° when the branches are semi-lignified. The first and second competing branches below the cut are cut off. In winter pruning, all side branches sprouting from the central trunk are removed except the branch heads. The central trunk branches are cut to a length of 50cm-80cm. In the second year of planting, the first to third competing branches below the cut of the central trunk are cut off in summer pruning, and the remaining branches on the main trunk that are too dense are thinned out. The overly upright branches are opened, and the remaining branches are left unchanged. In winter pruning, 50cm-80cm of the central trunk branches are cut off, and the remaining branches are left uncut. In the third year of planting, the competing branches below the central trunk are thinned out in summer pruning, and most of the slow-release branches bear fruit. In winter pruning, 50-80cm of the central trunk branches are cut off, and the fruiting mother branches growing on the central trunk are left uncut. The mother branches and branch groups that are too dense and too thick (base thickness ≧1 / 2 of the main trunk thickness) are thinned out, and the remaining branches are not pruned; in the fourth year of planting, 1-2 competing branches under the branches are removed by summer pruning, and 50-60cm is left on the branches of the central trunk during winter pruning. The mother branches and branch groups that are too dense, too weak, and too thick on the main trunk are thinned out, and the upright branches on the back are removed, and the other branch groups are not pruned; after the fifth year, the tree height has reached the requirement, and the extended branches of the central trunk are not pruned to slow down the fruiting. The other fruiting mother branches and branch groups on the central trunk are shortened from the base with 2-3 buds after they have been weakened after 2-3 years of continuous fruiting, and new fruiting mother branches are sprouted to continue to slow down the fruiting. The fruiting mother branches or branch groups on the central trunk are renewed through annual rotation to ensure that the whole plant has a sufficient number of strong fruiting mother branches and branch groups to maintain a stable yield of the whole tree.

[0014] Furthermore, in step (3), the fertilizer and water management is carried out once in early to mid-May and mid to late June each year, and conventional cultivation methods are used for management at other times.

[0015] Furthermore, the above winter pruning leaves 60cm on the central trunk branches.

[0016] Furthermore, the above-mentioned opening angle is a toothpick opening angle, and the angle is 62-65°.

[0017] Furthermore, the fixed stem height in step (2) is 55-60 cm.

[0018] Furthermore, the planting row spacing in the above step (1) is: 1.7m×2m.

[0019] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] By adopting the cultivation method of the present invention, the number of plants per mu is increased, and the pruning technology is simple and very easy to master, with very little labor. The tree enters the initial high-yield period in 3 years and the peak production period in 4 years. The yield per mu is significantly better than other tree shapes, the tree body renews quickly and easily, and the yield is stable. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. The following embodiments are only several specific embodiments of the present invention, but the design concept of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any non-substantial improvements to the present invention using this concept should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0022] The cultivation methods in the following embodiments and test examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified. The varieties of hazelnuts cultivated in all the following embodiments and test examples are Jinling and Dawei.

[0023] Example 1

[0024] A high-yield cultivation method for hazelnuts, the planting steps of which are as follows:

[0025] (1) Planting row spacing: 1.5m×2m, 222 plants per mu;

[0026] (2) Fixed stem height: Fixed stem height is 50cm;

[0027] (3) Fertilizer and water management: Spray pesticides once in early to mid-May and mid to late June each year, and use conventional cultivation methods for management at other times;

[0028] (4) Shaping and pruning: In the first year of planting, around mid-June, when the new shoots grow to more than 15 cm, the upright branches are cut with toothpicks at an angle of 60° when the branches are semi-lignified. The first and second competing branches below the cut are cut off. In winter pruning, all side branches sprouting from the central trunk are removed except the branch heads to ensure the absolute dominance of the central trunk. The central trunk branches are cut to 50 cm in length. In the second year of planting, the first to third competing branches below the cut of the central trunk are cut off in summer pruning, and the remaining branches on the main trunk that are too dense are thinned out. The overly upright branches are cut off, and the remaining branches are left untouched. In winter pruning, the central trunk branches are cut to 50 cm in length, and the remaining branches are left uncut. In the third year of planting, summer pruning is mainly to thin out the competing branches under the central trunk, and most of the branches that are left to bear fruit are cut off. In winter pruning, the central trunk branches are cut to 50 cm in length, and the fruiting mother branches growing on the central trunk are cut off. The mother branches and branch groups that are too dense, too weak, and too thick (base thickness ≧1 / 2 trunk thickness) are thinned out, and the remaining branches are not pruned; in the fourth year of planting, 1-2 competing branches under the branches are removed by summer pruning, and 50cm is left on the branches of the central trunk in winter pruning. The mother branches and branch groups that are too dense and too weak on the trunk are thinned out, and the upright branches on the back are removed, and the other branches are not pruned; after the fifth year, the tree height has reached the requirement, and the extended branches of the central trunk are not pruned to slow down the fruiting. The other fruiting mother branches and branch groups on the central trunk are shortened from the base with 2-3 buds after they have been weakened after 2-3 years of continuous fruiting, and new fruiting mother branches are sprouted to continue to slow down the fruiting. The fruiting mother branches or branch groups on the central trunk are renewed through annual rotation to ensure that the whole plant has a sufficient number of strong fruiting mother branches and branch groups to maintain a stable yield of the whole tree.

[0029] Example 2

[0030] A high-yield cultivation method for hazelnuts, the planting steps of which are as follows:

[0031] (1) Planting row spacing: 2m×2m, 166 plants per mu;

[0032] (2) Fixed stem height: Fixed stem height is 70cm;

[0033] (3) Fertilizer and water management: Spray pesticides once in early to mid-May and mid to late June each year, and use conventional cultivation methods for management at other times;

[0034] (4) Shaping and pruning: In the first year of planting, around mid-June, when the new shoots grow to more than 15 cm, the upright branches are cut with toothpicks at an angle of 68° when the branches are semi-lignified. The first and second competing branches below the cut are cut off. In winter pruning, all side branches sprouting from the central trunk are removed except the branch heads to ensure the absolute dominance of the central trunk. The central trunk branches are cut to 80 cm in length. In the second year of planting, the first to third competing branches below the cut of the central trunk are cut off in summer, and other branches on the main trunk that are too dense are thinned out. The overly upright branches are angled, and the other branches are left unchanged. In winter pruning, the central trunk branches are cut to 80 cm in length, and the other branches are left uncut. In the third year of planting, summer pruning is mainly to thin out the competing branches under the central trunk, and most of the slow-release branches bear fruit. In winter pruning, the central trunk branches are cut to 80 cm in length. The fruiting mother branches and branch groups growing on the central trunk are too dense or too weak. The branches that are too dense and too weak (base thickness ≧1 / 2 of the trunk thickness) are thinned out, and the rest of the branches are not pruned; in the fourth year of planting, 1-2 competing branches under the branches are removed by summer pruning, and 60cm is left on the branches of the central trunk during winter pruning. The mother branches and branch groups that are too dense and too weak and the mother branches that are too thick (base thickness ≧1 / 2 of the trunk thickness) on the main trunk are thinned out, and the upright branches on the back are removed, and the rest of the branches are not pruned; after the fifth year, the tree height has reached the requirement, and the extended branches of the central trunk are not pruned to slow down the fruiting. The rest of the fruiting mother branches and branch groups on the central trunk are shortened from the base with 2-3 buds after they have been weakened after 2-3 years of continuous fruiting, and new fruiting mother branches are sprouted to continue to slow down the fruiting. The fruiting mother branches or branch groups on the central trunk are renewed through annual rotation to ensure that the whole plant has a sufficient number of strong fruiting mother branches and branch groups, so that the whole tree maintains a stable yield.

[0035] Example 3

[0036] A high-yield cultivation method for hazelnuts, the planting steps of which are as follows:

[0037] (1) Planting row spacing: 1.7m×2m, 200 plants per mu;

[0038] (2) Fixed stem height: Fixed stem height is 60cm;

[0039] (3) Fertilizer and water management: Spray pesticides once in early to mid-May and mid to late June each year, and use conventional cultivation methods for management at other times;

[0040] (4) Shaping and pruning: In the first year of planting, around mid-June, when the new shoots grow to more than 15 cm, the upright branches are cut with toothpicks at an angle of 65° when they are semi-lignified. The first and second competing branches below the cut are cut off. In winter pruning, all side branches sprouting from the central trunk are removed except the branch heads to ensure the absolute dominance of the central trunk. The central trunk branches are cut to 60 cm in length. In the second year of planting, the first to third competing branches below the cut of the central trunk are cut off in summer pruning, and other branches on the main trunk that are too dense are thinned out. The overly upright branches are angled, and the other branches are left unchanged. In winter pruning, the central trunk branches are cut to 60 cm in length, and the other branches are left uncut. In the third year of planting, summer pruning is mainly to thin out the competing branches under the central trunk, and most of the slow-release branches bear fruit. In winter pruning, the central trunk branches are cut to 60 cm in length. If the fruiting mother branches and branch groups growing on the central trunk are too dense or Those that are too weak or too thick (base thickness ≧1 / 2 of the trunk thickness) are thinned out, and the rest of the branches are not pruned; in the fourth year of planting, 1-2 competing branches under the branches are removed by summer pruning, and 60cm is left on the branches of the central trunk by winter pruning. The overly dense, weak, and thick mother branches (base thickness ≧1 / 2 of the trunk thickness) and branch groups on the trunk are thinned out, and the upright branches on the back are removed, and the rest of the branch groups are not pruned; after the fifth year, the tree height has reached the requirement, and the extended branches of the central trunk are not pruned to slow down the fruiting. The rest of the fruiting mother branches and branch groups on the central trunk are shortened from the base with 2-3 buds after they have been weakened after 2-3 years of continuous fruiting, and new fruiting mother branches sprout to continue to slow down the fruiting. The fruiting mother branches or branch groups on the central trunk are renewed through annual rotation to ensure that the whole plant has a sufficient number of strong fruiting mother branches and branch groups to maintain a stable yield of the whole tree.

[0041] Example 4

[0042] A high-yield cultivation method for hazelnuts, the planting steps of which are as follows:

[0043] (1) Planting row spacing: 1.6m×2m, 212 plants per mu;

[0044] (2) Fixed stem height: Fixed stem height is 55cm;

[0045] (3) Fertilizer and water management: Spray pesticides once in early to mid-May and mid to late June each year, and use conventional cultivation methods for management at other times;

[0046] (4) Shaping and pruning: In the first year of planting, around mid-June, when the new shoots grow to more than 15 cm, the upright branches are cut with toothpicks at an angle of 62° when the branches are semi-lignified. The first and second competing branches below the cut are cut off. In winter pruning, all side branches sprouting from the central trunk are removed except the branch heads to ensure the absolute dominance of the central trunk. The central trunk branches are cut to a length of 55 cm. In the second year of planting, the first to third competing branches below the cut of the central trunk are cut off in summer pruning, and the remaining branches on the main trunk that are too dense are thinned out. The overly upright branches are angled, and the remaining branches are left unchanged. In winter pruning, the central trunk branches are cut to a length of 55 cm, and the remaining branches are left uncut. In the third year of planting, summer pruning is mainly to thin out the competing branches under the central trunk, and most of the branches that are left to bear fruit are cut off in winter pruning. The central trunk branches are cut to a length of 55 cm, and the fruiting mother branches growing on the central trunk are cut off in winter pruning. The mother branches and branch groups that are too dense, too weak, and too thick (base thickness ≧1 / 2 of the main trunk thickness) are thinned out, and the remaining branches are not pruned; in the fourth year of planting, 1-2 competing branches under the branches are removed by summer pruning, and 53cm is left on the branches of the central trunk in winter pruning. The mother branches and branch groups that are too dense and too weak on the main trunk are thinned out, and the upright branches on the back are removed, and the other branch groups are not pruned; after the fifth year, the tree height has reached the requirement, and the extended branches of the central trunk are not pruned to slow down the fruiting. The other fruiting mother branches and branch groups on the central trunk are shortened from the base with 2-3 buds after they have been weakened after 2-3 years of continuous fruiting, and new fruiting mother branches are sprouted to continue to slow down the fruiting. The fruiting mother branches or branch groups on the central trunk are renewed through annual rotation to ensure that the whole plant has a sufficient number of strong fruiting mother branches and branch groups to maintain a stable yield of the whole tree.

[0047] Example 5

[0048] A high-yield cultivation method for hazelnuts, the planting steps of which are as follows:

[0049] (1) Planting row spacing: 1.5-2m×2m, 166-222 plants per mu;

[0050] (2) Fixed stem height: Fixed stem height is 60cm;

[0051] (3) Fertilizer and water management: Spray pesticides once in early to mid-May and mid to late June each year, and use conventional cultivation methods for management at other times;

[0052] (4) Shaping and pruning: In the first year of planting, around mid-June, when the new shoots grow to more than 15 cm, the upright branches are cut with toothpicks at an angle of 65° when they are semi-lignified. The first and second competing branches below the cut are cut off. In winter pruning, all side branches sprouting from the central trunk are removed except the branch heads to ensure the absolute dominance of the central trunk. The central trunk branches are cut to 75 cm in length. In the second year of planting, the first to third competing branches below the cut of the central trunk are cut off in summer pruning, and the remaining branches on the main trunk that are too dense are thinned out. The overly upright branches are cut off, and the remaining branches are left untouched. In winter pruning, the central trunk branches are cut to 75 cm in length, and the remaining branches are left uncut. In the third year of planting, summer pruning is mainly to thin out the competing branches under the central trunk, and most of the branches that are left to bear fruit are cut off. In winter pruning, the central trunk branches are cut to 75 cm in length, and the fruiting mother branches and The mother branches that are too dense, too weak, and too thick (base thickness ≧1 / 2 trunk thickness) are thinned out, and the remaining branches are not pruned; in the fourth year of planting, 1-2 competing branches under the branches are removed by summer pruning, and 58cm is left on the branches of the central trunk in winter pruning. The mother branches and branch groups that are too dense, too weak, and too thick on the trunk are thinned out, and the upright branches on the back are removed, and the other branches are not pruned; after the fifth year, the tree height has reached the requirement, and the extended branches of the central trunk are not pruned to slow down the fruiting. The other fruiting mother branches and branch groups on the central trunk are shortened from the base with 2-3 buds after they have been weakened after 2-3 years of continuous fruiting, and new fruiting mother branches sprout to continue to slow down the fruiting. The fruiting mother branches or branch groups on the central trunk are renewed through annual rotation to ensure that the whole plant has a sufficient number of strong fruiting mother branches and branch groups to maintain a stable yield of the whole tree.

[0053] Under natural growth conditions, hazel trees have no obvious trunk, and there are many branches at the rhizome, which will become shrub-like. In production, in order to facilitate management, increase yield and improve quality, most of them must be pruned manually to raise the branch position, enhance the stem, and make it into a small tree. There are two types of hazelnut shaping in foreign countries: single-stem shape and few-stem cluster shape. Due to the short history of hazelnut cultivation in my country, there is little research on shaping and pruning. Based on the experience of hazelnut shaping and pruning in foreign countries and the characteristics of European and American hybrid hazelnuts, two tree shapes, few-stem cluster shape and single-stem natural open-heart shape, and their pruning methods have been explored and summarized and are widely used in production.

[0054] Test Example 1

[0055] The following methods are used for shaping and pruning the tree into a bushy shape. Spraying of pesticides is required four or more times a year, and other cultivation methods are the same as conventional methods.

[0056] The trunk-less hazel tree has 3 to 5 basal branches as main branches, which grow obliquely and extend in different directions. Side branches, nutrient branches and fruiting mother branches grow on the main branches, forming a natural open-heart shape as a whole, and the tree height reaches 3 to 5 meters.

[0057] The pruning procedure for the short-stem bush shape is as follows:

[0058] Year 1: For one-year-old seedlings, the seedlings themselves often do not have three basal branches, so the seedling trunk should be heavily pruned, leaving about 20 cm of the trunk to promote the germination of basal branches, and the main branches should be selected the following year.

[0059] The second year: select 3 to 5 basal branches in different directions as main branches, and lightly prune them, cutting off 1 / 3 of the branches (keeping 40 to 60 cm in length), leaving full outer buds at the cut, and cutting off the remaining basal branches from the base.

[0060] Year 3: Lightly prune the selected main branches and extend them. Select 2 to 3 side branches from each main branch and continue to lightly prune to form a clump-like open-heart-shaped crown. Cut off the branches on the main branches from the ground to 40 cm high from the base. Be careful to remove the suckers in time.

[0061] Year 4: Continue to shorten the extension branches of the main and side branches at all levels, and pay attention to cutting off branches below 40 cm and sprouting branches to allow the crown to continue to expand. At this time, the crown has basically been formed.

[0062] Test Example 2

[0063] The following methods are used for single-stem natural open-heart shape shaping and pruning. Pesticides need to be sprayed four or more times a year, and other cultivation methods are the same as conventional methods.

[0064] Single-trunk naturally open-heart-shaped hazel trees should retain one main trunk, 40 to 60 cm high, with 3 to 4 evenly distributed main branches on the trunk, and secondary branches and fruiting mother branches on the side branches. This type of tree has a short trunk and a naturally open-heart-shaped crown.

[0065] The pruning procedure for a single-trunk naturally open-heart hazel tree is as follows:

[0066] Year 1: For one-year-old seedlings, the trunk should be fixed immediately after planting. The height of the trunk should be 40 to 60 cm, and the main trunk should be vertically upward.

[0067] The second year: Select 3 to 4 main branches growing in different positions on the main trunk, and lightly prune each main branch, cutting off about 1 / 3 of the branch length (keeping 40 to 60 cm in length), and leaving full outer buds under the cut.

[0068] The third year: select 2 to 3 side branches on each main branch and perform light pruning. Perform light to medium pruning on the extension branches of each main branch, leaving outer buds under the cut, and do not trim the short branches inside the hall.

[0069] Year 4: Continue to lightly shorten the extension branches of the main and side branches. At this time, the crown of the tree has basically been formed.

[0070] The single-trunk natural open-heart shape is the standard tree shape for hazelnut production. Currently, most hazelnut orchards use this tree shape, which has achieved good results. After the single-trunk tree is formed, the tree can bear a larger yield during the peak fruit-bearing period. Since the tree has good ventilation and light transmission conditions, it helps to improve the quality of the fruit.

[0071] The test was conducted in the experimental garden of Liaoning Fruit Tree Research Institute and the surrounding planting gardens. Jinling and Dawi hazelnut trees were used as test materials, and one-year-old seedlings were selected to build the garden. The cultivation methods of Examples 1-5 of the present invention, the cultivation method of Test Example 1 with few stems and clusters, and the cultivation method of Test Example 2 with single stems and natural open heart shapes were used. The garden was built in 2018. Each cultivation method planted 4 mu, and each variety had two mu. The planting row spacing was as follows: the row spacing of Examples 1-5 of the present invention was 1.5-2.0m×2.0m, and 166-222 plants were planted per mu; Test Example 1 was 1.5m×4m, and 111 plants were planted per mu; Test Example 2 was 2m×4m, and 84 plants were planted per mu. The first two years of planting were mainly for shaping, and there was almost no yield, which could be ignored. The yield was investigated on site when harvested in the autumn of the third year. The results show that the single-plant yield of the saplings of Examples 1-5 of the present invention in the third and fourth years was significantly higher than that of Test Examples 1 and 2. The overall per-acre yield over many years, the yield of hazelnuts cultivated by the methods of Examples 1-5 of the present invention is significantly higher than the yield of Experimental Examples 1 and 2. The results are shown in Tables (Tables 1-6)

[0072] Table 1 Survey on the yield of hazelnuts of different varieties and tree shapes (3-year-old)

[0073]

[0074] Table 2 Survey on the yield of hazelnuts of different varieties and tree shapes (4-year-old)

[0075]

[0076] Table 3 Survey on the yield of hazelnuts of different varieties and tree shapes (5-year-old)

[0077]

[0078] In the fifth year, the shaping of hazel trees was basically completed, and the tree shape and yield tended to be stable. From the fifth year survey yield, due to the large spacing between rows and plants in the cultivation method of Test Example 2, the space occupied by a single plant is also large, and the yield is higher than the cultivation method of the present invention (Table 4). However, the per mu yield is obviously higher than the cultivation method of Examples 1-5 of the present invention.

[0079] Table 4 Survey on the yield of hazelnuts of different varieties and tree shapes (six-year-old)

[0080]

[0081] Table 5 Survey on the yield of hazelnuts of different varieties and tree shapes (7 years old)

[0082]

[0083] According to the 5-year yield per unit area analysis, the yield per mu of Jinling by the cultivation method of the invention embodiments 1-5 is 373.3-415.2 kg / mu, and that of Dawei is 391.7-433.7 kg / mu; the yield of Jinling by test example 1 is 241.5-267.1 kg / mu, and that of Dawei is 256.9-277.6 kg / mu; the yield of Jinling by test example 2 is 218.4-237.8 kg / mu, and that of Dawei is 221.6-253.3 kg / mu. The yield per mu of the cultivation method of the invention embodiments 1-5 is significantly better than that of test examples 1 and 2 (Table 6).

[0084] Table 6 Yield per unit area of ​​hazelnut of different varieties and tree shapes (6-year-old)

[0085]

[0086] From the analysis of pruning and shaping, since the cultivation methods of Experimental Examples 1 and 2 need to cultivate backbone branches, main branches, side branches, and fruiting branch groups, the main and side branches need to be pruned every year, and the tree vigor needs to be balanced at the same time. The technology is difficult and not easy to master, and the labor workload is large, and the investment cost is high; a large amount of pesticides is required, while the cultivation methods of Examples 1-5 of the present invention reduce the backbone branch level, only the central trunk and fruiting branch groups, the pruning technology is simple, easy to master, and can be quickly promoted to new growers.

[0087] At the same time, the cultivation method of embodiments 1-5 of the present invention does not perform short-cut treatment on the main branches of the tree, but mainly adopts slow release, is easy to flower, bears fruit early, increases yield quickly, has good ventilation and light transmission, and has relatively mild diseases and insect pests, reduces the cost of pesticides and labor for spraying, and has good fruit quality.

Claims

1. A high-yield cultivation method for hazelnuts, characterized in that The planting steps are as follows: (1) Planting row spacing: 1.5-2m×2m, 166-222 plants per mu; (2) Fixed stem height: Fixed stem height is 50cm-70cm; (3) Fertilizer and water management: Use conventional cultivation methods for management; (4) Shaping and pruning: In the first year of planting, around mid-June, when the new shoots grow to more than 15 cm, the upright branches are opened at an angle of 60°-68° when the branches are semi-lignified. The first and second competing branches below the cut are cut off. In winter pruning, all side branches sprouting from the central trunk are removed except the branch heads. The central trunk branches are cut to 50cm-80cm long. In the second year of planting, the first to third competing branches below the cut of the central trunk are cut off in summer pruning, and the remaining branches on the main trunk that are too dense are thinned out. The overly upright branches are opened, and the remaining branches are left unchanged. In winter pruning, the central trunk branches are cut to 50cm-80cm long, and the remaining branches are left uncut. In the third year of planting, the competing branches below the central trunk are thinned out in summer pruning, and most of the slow-release branches bear fruit. In winter pruning, the central trunk branches are cut to 50cm-80cm long, and the central trunk is cut to 50cm-80cm long. The fruiting mother branches and branch groups that are too dense and too thick are thinned out, and the other branches are not pruned; in the fourth year of planting, 1-2 competing branches under the branches are removed by summer pruning, and 50-60cm is left on the branches of the central trunk during winter pruning. The dense and weak mother branches and branch groups on the main trunk are thinned out, and the upright branches on the back are removed, and other branch groups are not pruned; after the fifth year, the tree height has reached the requirement, and the extended branches of the central trunk are not pruned to slow down the fruiting. Other fruiting mother branches and branch groups on the central trunk are shortened from the base with 2-3 buds after they have been weakened after 2-3 years of continuous fruiting, and new fruiting mother branches are sprouted to continue to slow down the fruiting. The fruiting mother branches or branch groups on the central trunk are renewed through annual rotation to ensure that the whole plant has a sufficient number of strong fruiting mother branches and branch groups to maintain a stable yield of the whole tree.

2. A high-yield cultivation method for hazelnuts according to claim 1, characterized in that The fertilizer and water management in step (3) is carried out once in early to mid-May and mid to late June each year, and conventional cultivation methods are used for management at other times.

3. A high-yield cultivation method for hazelnuts according to claim 1, characterized in that The winter pruning leaves 60cm on the central trunk branches.

4. A high-yield cultivation method for hazelnuts according to claim 1, characterized in that The opening angle is a toothpick opening angle, and the angle is 62-65°.

5. A high-yield cultivation method for hazelnuts according to claim 1, characterized in that The fixed stem height in step (2) is 55-60 cm.

6. A high-yield cultivation method for hazelnuts according to claim 1, characterized in that The planting row spacing in step (1) is 1.7m×2m.

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