Cultivation method for realizing early harvesting of bananas after cold injury

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation method for realizing early harvesting of bananas after cold injury, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, judging that management after cold injury can be carried out, when the average temperature is higher than 15 DEG C, cutting off mother plant cauloid and other suction buds at a position 25-40cm away from the ground, and uniformly spraying a circle of 200-600mL pre-healing agent around the mother plant corm; s2, spraying the periphery of the corm of the stock plant with a bud promoting agent for a circle 7-10 days after cutting, ridging the corm of the stock plant for a circle, and when the length of a suction bud is 20-25 cm, selecting and reserving 1-2 suction buds which grow consistently; s3, water and fertilizer management; s4, disease and pest prevention and control. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the pre-healing agent is applied to repair a membrane system, damaged by cold damage, of banana corms, the pre-healing agent and the bud promoting agent jointly promote the corms to generate suction buds, water and fertilizer are reasonably and frequently applied, pest and disease damage management and the like are conducted to accelerate vegetative growth and reproductive growth of reserved suction buds, and therefore at least 70% of bananas are harvested before November; compared with cold-damaged bananas managed by other management methods, the cold-damaged bananas are harvested earlier, the yield is higher, and off-peak marketing is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of plant planting, and in particular to a cultivation method for realizing early harvesting of bananas after chilling damage. Background Art

[0002] Bananas are tropical fruit trees that have high temperature requirements. The suitable growth temperature is 25-32℃. Growth is slow below 18℃, and growth is blocked or stagnant below 10℃. 4℃ is considered the critical temperature for cold damage. For example, in December and January, low temperatures occurred due to the influence of cold currents. Bananas are sensitive to low temperatures and are prone to severe cold damage in a continuous low temperature environment. Severe cold damage not only caused devastating damage to the banana industry in the area that year, but also caused the concentrated production of bananas in the area in the next 2-3 years, resulting in a seasonal surplus of bananas in the area, seriously affecting the planting benefits and industrial stability.

[0003] The current measures are mainly focused on preventing bananas from freezing. However, freezing damage prevention and control are easier to implement and have good prevention and control effects in newly planted seedlings. However, due to the large size of the multi-generation banana plants, there are fewer freezing prevention measures that can be implemented. Generally, exogenous drugs are used to induce and improve the freezing resistance of multi-generation bananas. However, due to the different freezing resistance of bananas, the damage caused by low temperature stress is different. However, there are currently few remedial measures and management methods for bananas after freezing damage. Due to the lack of corresponding freezing damage management methods, growers have the following problems: First, after freezing damage, the leaves of banana suckers are severely frozen and dried, the heart leaves rot, and the center of the cross-sectioned stems are black. Due to lack of experience, they did not further check the survival of the bulbs, mistakenly thinking that bananas have lost their growth activity due to severe freezing damage and abandoned the garden; second, there is no reasonable management, resulting in large differences in the growth of suckers, making it difficult to manage the banana garden in the later stage; third, improper management of newly grown banana trees leads to slow growth, and the flowering and fruiting periods are susceptible to cold in winter, affecting yield and quality; fourth, bananas mature in a concentrated manner in the region, resulting in seasonal surplus. Summary of the invention

[0004] The invention provides a cultivation method for early harvesting of bananas after being exposed to cold, aiming to solve the problems of large differences in the growth of banana suckers and slow growth of banana trees after being exposed to cold, resulting in flowering and fruiting periods in winter, and concentrated listing of bananas in a region leading to seasonal surplus.

[0005] A cultivation method for early harvesting of bananas after cold damage, the method comprising:

[0006] S1, determining that post-chilling damage management can be carried out, when the average temperature is higher than 15°C, cutting off the pseudostem and other suckers of the mother plant at 25-40 cm above the ground and evenly pouring 200-600 mL of a pre-healing agent around the corm of the mother plant, the components of the pre-healing agent include boric acid, sodium selenite and carboxymethyl chitosan;

[0007] S2, 7-10 days after cutting, a bud-promoting agent is sprinkled around the corm of the mother plant, and a circle of soil is piled around the corm of the mother plant. When the sucker buds are 20-25 cm long, 1-2 suckers with consistent growth are selected and retained. The components of the bud-promoting agent include 6-benzylaminoadenine, diethylaminoethanol octanoate and MgSO 4 ;

[0008] S3, apply high nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer and organic fermented liquid fertilizer in the 1st to 3rd month after budding, apply high potassium water-soluble fertilizer and organic fermented liquid fertilizer in the 4th to 6th month after budding, apply high potassium water-soluble fertilizer in the 7th to 8th month after budding, bury compound fertilizer and calcium magnesium fertilizer at the end of the 4th month after budding, and bury or spread potassium chloride in the 6th month;

[0009] S4, pest and disease control.

[0010] According to the above technical features, the principle of the present invention to cut off the mother plant pseudostem and other suckers at 25-40 cm above the ground is to leave red buds, and the cutting position is lower than other existing cutting positions of 50-60 cm to leave old buds.

[0011] Preferably, in the above technical solution, the method for determining whether post-chilling damage treatment can be performed is as follows:

[0012] When the minimum temperature at the monitored banana plantation is ≤2.5℃ and the average temperature is ≤10℃ for at least 3 days, or when the temperature at the monitored banana plantation is below 4℃ and freezing rain continues, dissect 10-20 banana plants;

[0013] Check the condition of its banana bulbs;

[0014] When the number of bulbs that have not died accounts for more than 70% of the dissected number, it is determined that post-chilling damage treatment can be carried out;

[0015] When the number of alive bulbs accounts for ≤70% of the dissected number, it is determined that no post-cold damage treatment is required, and new planting or replanting is recommended.

[0016] According to the above technical scheme, the present invention clearly judges the conditions under which bananas may suffer from cold damage, and on this basis, dissects the death of a part of banana bulbs affected by cold damage, estimates the death of bulbs in the entire banana garden, and determines whether to perform cold damage post-treatment or new planting or replanting. When the number of dissected bulb deaths accounts for more than 30% of the total number of dissected bulbs, it means that most banana bulbs in the banana garden have no vitality. Even if they are treated after cold damage, most positions need to be replanted, which causes the input of growers to be far greater than the output. Therefore, cold damage standards are formulated for growers. After reaching this standard, they perform dissection and decide whether to perform cold damage post-treatment according to the dissection situation. This can largely avoid the situation that growers cannot judge whether there is cold damage, and whether to rescue or replant after cold damage, resulting in high investment costs but extremely low returns due to blind rescue, or miss the best rescue time after the disaster due to the inability to determine the rescue time, or increase costs due to blind new planting.

[0017] Preferably, in the above technical solution, the pre-healing agent components also include potassium chloride, boric acid and water.

[0018] Preferably, in the above technical solution, the composition ratio of the pre-healing agent is 20-40g potassium chloride, 5-10g boric acid, 10-20g sodium selenite, 5-10g carboxymethyl chitosan and 500-1000mL water.

[0019] According to the above technical scheme, the principle of applying the pre-healing agent is: when the temperature rises, the banana cell membrane lipids slowly recover the liquid crystal state, and the root absorption capacity gradually recovers, the pre-healing agent is applied, potassium chloride and water promote banana root absorption, sodium selenite promotes the production of glutathione peroxidase, eliminates the active oxygen accumulated during bulb cold damage, boric acid and carboxymethyl chitosan promote the discharge of toxic metabolites accumulated during cold damage, promote cell wall production and stimulate the stability of the plant membrane system, potassium chloride, sodium selenite, boric acid, and carboxymethyl chitosan work together to repair the cell membrane and stimulate the activity of the enzyme system, accelerating the recovery of normal metabolism of banana bulbs.

[0020] Preferably, in the above technical solution, the bud-promoting agent group further includes diethylaminoethanol octanoate, MgSO 4 and water.

[0021] Preferably, in the above technical solution, the bud-promoting agent component ratio is 3-8 mg 6-benzylaminoadenine, 50-70 g diethylaminoethanol octanoate, 20-30 g MgSO 4 , 400-500g organic fermentation liquid and 2-2.5kg water.

[0022] According to the above technical scheme, after the bulbs recover normal metabolism, a bud-promoting agent is applied and soil is cultivated. The ingredients of the bud-promoting agent are 6-benzylaminoadenine, diethylaminoethanol octanoate and MgSO 4Improve the activity of cell functional enzymes, promote cell proliferation, combine with organic fermentation liquid to provide nutrients for bulbs, and accelerate bud formation and germination.

[0023] Preferably, in the above technical solution, the height of the soil is 10-15 cm.

[0024] Preferably, in the above technical scheme, 20-30 g / plant * 6 times / month of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer and 400-500 g / plant of organic fermented liquid fertilizer diluted with 4-5 kg ​​of water are used within the first month after budding, and 25 g / plant * 10 times / month of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer and 400-500 g / plant of organic fermented liquid fertilizer diluted with 4-5 kg ​​of water are used within the 2nd to 3rd months after budding.

[0025] Preferably, in the above technical solution, the step of selecting and retaining 1-2 suckers with consistent growth is to retain one sucker with consistent growth if there are no missing plants around, and to retain two suckers with consistent growth if there are missing plants around.

[0026] According to the above technical scheme, when there are no missing plants in the surrounding area, the present invention selects suckers with consistent growth and removes all other suckers, which is beneficial to ensure that soil nutrients and fertilizers are exclusively supplied to new suckers, ensuring that the suckers are strong and grow rapidly, thereby achieving early harvesting; and when there are missing plants in the surrounding area, two suckers with consistent growth are retained, which is beneficial to reduce the replanting procedure while ensuring the overall seedling quantity in the banana garden.

[0027] Preferably, in the above technical solution, the height of the soil is 10-15 cm.

[0028] According to the above technical scheme, the height of the soil is set to 10-15cm. Taking into account the large temperature difference between day and night in the initial stage of temperature rise, the thickness and height of the soil around the bulb are increased, and the slow cooling property of the soil is utilized to maintain the temperature of the bulb covering the soil and the temperature around the bulb when the temperature drops, thereby reducing the impact of cooling, promoting the recovery of activity of bulb cells and tissues, and promoting the germination of new buds. At the same time, banana buds are more likely to form suckers under light-proof conditions, thereby promoting the rapid growth of the bulb into suckers.

[0029] Preferably, in the above technical scheme, 20-30 g / plant * 6 times / month of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer and 400-500 g / plant of organic fermented liquid fertilizer diluted with 4-5 kg ​​of water are used within the first month after budding, and 25 g / plant * 10 times / month of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer and 400-500 g / plant of organic fermented liquid fertilizer diluted with 4-5 kg ​​of water are used within the 2nd to 3rd months after budding.

[0030] Preferably, in the above technical scheme, 30 g / plant*10 times / month of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer and 500 g / plant of organic fermented liquid fertilizer diluted with 4-5 kg ​​of water are used within the 5th to 6th month after budding, 30 g / plant*7 times of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer are used within the 7th month after budding, and 30 g / plant*3 times of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer are used within the 8th month after budding.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0032] The present invention has the following principle for improving the germination and uniformity of new sucking buds: applying a pre-healing agent before budding to reduce the accumulation of active oxygen in cells in the bulbs after banana cold damage and repair membrane damage; then using a bud-promoting agent to stimulate bud germination and induce the buds to develop into sucking buds, retaining a sucking bud with consistent growth, and ensuring that the new sucking buds in the banana garden grow uniformly and robustly; finally, applying water and fertilizer multiple times to achieve continuous supply of fertilizers required for the growth of sucking buds, reduce soil damage to roots, and promote the growth of banana sucking buds. In the first 1-6 months, organic fermented fertilizer is applied monthly to supply medium and trace elements, combined with the application of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer and high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer, to continuously supply the fertilizer macroelements and medium and trace elements required for banana growth, protect and promote root growth, and promote banana vegetative growth and reproductive growth, thereby achieving harvesting before winter, and achieving early harvesting of fruits and staggered listing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] A cultivation method for early harvesting of bananas after cold damage, the method comprising:

[0036] S1, monitoring the local outdoor temperature of the banana garden is lower than 4 ℃ and freezing rain, randomly select and dissect 20 bananas from the banana garden, and detect that the center of the stem of 16 bananas is dead but the bulb is not dead, and the percentage of all bananas dissected without dead bulbs is 80%, which is greater than 70% and can be managed after banana cold damage. When the local average temperature is higher than 15 ℃, cut off the pseudostem of the mother plant and other suckers in time at 30 cm above the ground, and cut off the pseudostem of the mother plant and evenly sprinkle 500mL of pre-healing agent around the mother plant bulb as the starting point of post-cold damage management, the pre-healing agent is composed of 20g potassium chloride, 5g boric acid, 10g sodium selenite, 5g carboxymethyl chitosan and 500mL water;

[0037] S2, on the 7th to 10th day, sprinkle a bud-promoting agent around the banana corm every day, and then pile up soil around the banana corm. The height of the soil is a small pile of soil 10 cm higher than the banana corm. Spray or drip water on the ground. Water should not accumulate on the ground. It is better to keep the ground moist. The bud-promoting agent is composed of 6 mg 6-benzylaminoadenine, 80 g diethylaminoethanol octanoate, and 20 g MgSO 4 , 500g organic fermentation liquid and 2kg water are mixed, after the sucker grows 20cm, select and keep one sucker with consistent growth, and remove all other suckers, but two suckers can be left on the plants around the missing one;

[0038] S3, use high nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer 20g / plant*6 times / month within the first month after budding, use high nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer 25g / plant*10 times / month within the second-third months after budding, use balanced water-soluble fertilizer 25g / plant*10 times / month within the fourth month after budding, bury compound fertilizer 300g / plant + calcium magnesium fertilizer 200g / plant at the end of the fourth month after budding, bury or broadcast potassium chloride 500g / plant in the sixth month after budding, use high potassium water-soluble fertilizer 30g / plant*10 times / month within the fifth-sixth month after budding, apply organic fermented liquid fertilizer 500g / plant diluted with 4-5kg of water every month and evenly drench around the banana corm within the first-sixth month after budding, use high potassium water-soluble fertilizer 30g / plant*7 times within the seventh month after budding, and use high potassium water-soluble fertilizer 30g / plant*3 times within the eighth month after budding;

[0039] S4. Pay attention to the prevention and control of leaf spot and black heart diseases on leaves, and ensure that the number of green leaves is more than 10 leaves; pay attention to the prevention and control of banana wilt and bacterial soft rot on banana corms and roots, as follows:

[0040] When leaf spot is in the spot and stripe stages, spray 50% propiconazole on the leaves;

[0041] When black spot disease is at the leaf and fruit spot stage, spray 25% pyraclostrobin on the leaves;

[0042] When banana plants are infected with Fusarium wilt, irrigate the roots with 4% kasugamycin + 30% metalaxyl;

[0043] When diseased plants with bacterial soft rot are found, the soil in the banana garden should be loosened and ditches should be dug for drainage. 23% copper chloramine should be used for root irrigation of each plant, with an interval of 7-10 days.

[0044] Example 2

[0045] A cultivation method for early harvesting of bananas after cold damage, the method comprising:

[0046] S1, monitoring the local temperature in the banana garden is lower than 4 ℃ and freezing rain, randomly select and dissect 20 bananas from the banana garden, and detect that the center of the stem of 17 bananas is dead but the bulb is not dead, and the percentage of all bananas dissected without dead bulbs is 85%, which is greater than 70% and can be managed after banana cold damage. When the local average temperature is higher than 15 ℃, cut off the pseudostem and other suckers of the mother plant in time at 30 cm above the ground, and cut off the pseudostem of the mother plant and evenly sprinkle a circle of 400mL of pre-healing agent around the mother plant bulb as the starting point of post-cold damage management, the pre-healing agent is composed of 30g potassium chloride, 8g boric acid, 15g sodium selenite, 8g carboxymethyl chitosan and 800mL water;

[0047] S2, on the 7th to 10th day, sprinkle 50 mL of bud-promoting agent around the banana corm every day, and then pile up soil around the banana corm. The height of the soil is a small pile of 15 cm higher than the banana corm. Spray or drip water on the ground. Water should not accumulate on the ground. It is better to keep the ground moist. The bud-promoting agent is composed of 8 mg 6-benzylaminoadenine, 60 g diethylaminoethanol octanoate, and 25 g MgSO 4 , 500g organic fermentation liquid and 2.5kg water are mixed, and after the sucker grows 20cm, one sucker with consistent growth is selected and kept, and all other suckers are dug out, but two suckers can be kept on the plants around the missing one;

[0048] S3, use high nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer 20g / plant*6 times / month within the first month after budding, use high nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer 25g / plant*10 times / month within the second-third months after budding, use balanced water-soluble fertilizer 25g / plant*10 times / month within the fourth month after budding, bury compound fertilizer 300g / plant + calcium magnesium fertilizer 200g / plant at the end of the fourth month after budding, bury or broadcast potassium chloride 500g / plant in the sixth month after budding, use high potassium water-soluble fertilizer 30g / plant*10 times / month within the fifth-sixth month after budding, apply organic fermented liquid fertilizer 500g / plant diluted with 4-5kg of water every month and evenly drench around the banana corm within the first-sixth month after budding, use high potassium water-soluble fertilizer 30g / plant*7 times within the seventh month after budding, and use high potassium water-soluble fertilizer 30g / plant*3 times within the eighth month after budding;

[0049] S4. Pay attention to preventing and controlling leaf spot and black heart diseases on leaves, and ensure that the number of green leaves is more than 10 leaves. Pay attention to preventing and controlling banana wilt and bacterial soft rot on banana corms and roots. The details are as follows:

[0050] When leaf spot is in the spot and stripe stages, spray 50% propiconazole on the leaves;

[0051] When black spot disease is at the leaf and fruit spot stage, spray 25% pyraclostrobin on the leaves;

[0052] When banana plants are infected with Fusarium wilt, irrigate the roots with 4% kasugamycin + 30% metalaxyl;

[0053] When diseased plants with bacterial soft rot are found, the soil in the banana garden should be loosened and ditches should be dug for drainage. 23% copper chloramine should be used for root irrigation of each plant, with an interval of 7-10 days.

[0054] Example 3

[0055] A cultivation method for early harvesting of bananas after cold damage, the method comprising:

[0056] S1, monitoring the local outdoor minimum temperature of the banana garden ≤ 2.5℃, and the average temperature ≤ 10℃ for at least 3 days, randomly select and dissect 20 bananas from the banana garden, and detect that the center of the stem of 16 bananas is dead but the bulbs are not dead. The percentage of all bananas dissected without dead bulbs is 80%, which is greater than 70% and can be managed after the banana is cold. When the local average temperature is higher than 15℃, cut off the pseudostem of the mother plant and other suckers in time at 30cm above the ground. Cut off the pseudostem of the mother plant and evenly sprinkle 500mL of pre-healing agent around the mother plant bulb as the starting point for post-cold management. The pre-healing agent is composed of 35g potassium chloride, 10g boric acid, 20g sodium selenite, 10g carboxymethyl chitosan and 1000mL water;

[0057] S2, on the 7th to 10th day, sprinkle 50 mL of bud-promoting agent around the banana corm every day, and then pile up soil around the banana corm. The height of the soil is a small pile of 15 cm higher than the banana corm. Spray or drip water on the ground. Water should not accumulate on the ground. It is better to keep the ground moist. The bud-promoting agent is composed of 3 mg 6-benzylaminoadenine, 70 g diethylaminoethanol octanoate, 30 g MgSO 4 , 400g organic fermentation liquid and 2.5kg water are mixed, and after the sucker grows 20cm, one sucker with consistent growth is selected and kept, and all other suckers are dug out, but two suckers can be kept on the plants around the missing one;

[0058] S3, use high nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer 20g / plant*6 times / month within the first month after budding, use high nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer 25g / plant*10 times / month within the second-third months after budding, use balanced water-soluble fertilizer 25g / plant*10 times / month within the fourth month after budding, bury compound fertilizer 300g / plant + calcium magnesium fertilizer 200g / plant at the end of the fourth month after budding, bury or broadcast potassium chloride 500g / plant in the sixth month after budding, use high potassium water-soluble fertilizer 30g / plant*10 times / month within the fifth-sixth month after budding, apply organic fermented liquid fertilizer 500g / plant diluted with 4-5kg of water every month and evenly drench around the banana corm within the first-sixth month after budding, use high potassium water-soluble fertilizer 30g / plant*7 times within the seventh month after budding, and use high potassium water-soluble fertilizer 30g / plant*3 times within the eighth month after budding;

[0059] S4. Pay attention to preventing and controlling leaf spot and black heart diseases on leaves, and ensure that the number of green leaves is more than 10 leaves. Pay attention to preventing and controlling banana wilt and bacterial soft rot on banana corms and roots. The details are as follows:

[0060] When leaf spot is in the spot and stripe stages, spray 50% propiconazole on the leaves;

[0061] When black spot disease is at the leaf and fruit spot stage, spray 25% pyraclostrobin on the leaves;

[0062] When banana plants are infected with Fusarium wilt, irrigate the roots with 4% kasugamycin + 30% metalaxyl;

[0063] When diseased plants with bacterial soft rot are found, the soil in the banana garden should be loosened and ditches should be dug for drainage. 23% copper chloramine should be used for root irrigation of each plant, with an interval of 7-10 days.

[0064] Comparative Example 1

[0065] As in Example 1, different planting plots in the same area were divided into experimental plants and labeled. The labels indicated the germination promoter 1 and the application time. The processing steps S1 and S4 of the experimental plants were basically the same as those in Example 1. The difference was that the components and methods of the germination promoters used were different, and the fertilization methods were different.

[0066] S2, on the 7th to 10th day, sprinkle a circle of sprout promoter around the banana corm every day, and then pile up soil around the banana corm once a day, the height of the soil pile is higher than the banana corm by 5 cm, spray or drip water on the ground, the ground cannot accumulate water, and it is better to keep the ground moist, the sprout promoter 1 is made by mixing 80g of diethylaminoethanol octanoate, 500g of organic fermentation liquid and 2kg of water, after the sucker grows 20cm, select and retain a sucker with consistent growth, and dig out all other suckers, but two suckers can be left on the plants around the missing plant;

[0067] S3. Use 20 g / plant * 6 times / month of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer within the first month after budding, use 25 g / plant * 10 times / month of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer within the 2-3 months after budding, use 25 g / plant * 10 times / month of balanced water-soluble fertilizer within the 4th month after budding, bury 300 g / plant compound fertilizer + 200 g / plant potassium nitrate at the end of the 4th month after budding, bury or broadcast 500 g / plant potassium nitrate in the 6th month after budding, use 30 g / plant * 10 times / month of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer within the 5-6 months after budding, use 30 g / plant * 7 times of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer within the 7th month after budding, and use 30 g / plant * 3 times of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer within the 8th month after budding.

[0068] Comparative Example 2

[0069] Different experimental strains from the same planting block as in Example 1 are labeled with the bud promoter 2 and the application time. The processing steps S1 and S4 of the experimental strains are basically the same as in Example 1. The difference lies in that the components and methods of the bud promoters used are different, and the fertilization methods are different.

[0070] S2, on the 7th to 10th day, sprinkle a circle of sprout-promoting agent around the banana corm every day, and then pile up soil around the banana corm once a day, the height of the soil pile is a small soil pile 10 cm higher than the banana corm, spray or drip water on the ground, the ground cannot accumulate water, and it is better to keep the ground moist, the sprout-promoting agent 2 is made by mixing 3 mg 6-benzylaminoadenine, 500 g organic fermentation liquid and 2.5 kg water, after the sucker grows 20 cm, select and retain a sucker with consistent growth, and dig out all other suckers, but two suckers can be left on the plants around the missing plant;

[0071] S3. Use 20 g / plant * 6 times / month of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer within the first month after budding, use 25 g / plant * 10 times / month of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer within the 2-3 months after budding, use 25 g / plant * 10 times / month of balanced water-soluble fertilizer within the 4th month after budding, bury 300 g / plant compound fertilizer + 200 g / plant potassium nitrate at the end of the 4th month after budding, bury or broadcast 500 g / plant potassium nitrate in the 6th month after budding, use 30 g / plant * 10 times / month of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer within the 5-6 months after budding, use 30 g / plant * 7 times of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer within the 7th month after budding, and use 30 g / plant * 3 times of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer within the 8th month after budding.

[0072] Comparative Example 3

[0073] A cultivation method for early harvesting of bananas after cold damage, the method comprising:

[0074] S1, monitoring the local outdoor temperature in the banana garden is below 4℃ and freezing rain, randomly select and dissect 20 bananas from the banana garden, and detect that the center of the stem of 16 bananas is dead but the bulbs are not dead, and the percentage of all dissected bananas with intact bulbs is 80%. If it is greater than 70%, banana cold damage management can be carried out. When the average temperature is higher than 15℃, cut off the mother plant pseudostem and other suckers in time at 30 cm above the ground;

[0075] S2, on the 7th to 10th day, sprinkle 50mL of bud-promoting agent around the banana corm every day, and then pile up soil around the banana corm once a day, the soil height is higher than the small soil mound of 10cm of the banana corm, spray or drip water on the ground, the ground cannot accumulate water, and it is appropriate to keep the ground moist, the bud-promoting agent is prepared by mixing 6mg 6-benzylaminoadenine, 80g diethylaminoethanol octanoate, 500g organic fermentation liquid and 2kg water, and immediately after pouring the bud-promoting agent, pile up soil around the banana corm once a day, the soil height is higher than the small soil mound of 5cm of the banana corm, spray or drip water on the ground, the ground cannot accumulate water, and it is appropriate to keep the ground moist, after the sucker buds grow 20cm, select the sucker buds with consistent growth, and all other suckers are dug out;

[0076] S3, use high nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer 20g / plant*5 times / month within the first month after budding, use high nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer 20g*8 times / month within the second to third months after budding, use balanced water-soluble fertilizer 20g / plant*8 times / month within the fourth month after budding, use high potassium water-soluble fertilizer 25g / plant*8 times / month within the fifth to sixth months after budding, use high potassium water-soluble fertilizer 25g / plant*5 times within the seventh month after budding, and use high potassium water-soluble fertilizer 25g / plant*2 times within the eighth month after budding. At the end of the fourth month after budding, bury 300g / plant compound fertilizer + 200g / plant calcium magnesium fertilizer, bury or broadcast 500g / plant potassium chloride in the sixth month after budding, and apply 50g / plant amino acids every month from the first month to the sixth month after budding, and evenly drench around the banana corm with 4-5kg of water;

[0077] S4. Pay attention to preventing and controlling leaf spot and black heart diseases on leaves, and ensure that the number of green leaves is more than 10. Pay attention to preventing and controlling banana wilt and bacterial soft rot on bulbs and roots.

[0078] Comparative Example 4

[0079] A cultivation method for early harvesting of bananas after cold damage, the method comprising:

[0080] S1. After severe cold damage, when the temperature is above 15℃, cut off the pseudostem 30 cm from the ground, spray or drip water on the ground, do not allow water to accumulate on the ground, and keep the ground moist;

[0081] S2, after the suckers grow to 20 cm, select the suckers with the same growth and remove all other suckers;

[0082] S3. Use 20 g / plant * 3 times / month of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer within the first month after budding, use 25 g / plant * 4 times / month of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer within the 2nd-3rd months after budding, use 25 g / plant * 4 times / month of balanced water-soluble fertilizer within the 4th-5th months after budding, use 25 g / plant * 4 times / month of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer within the 6th-9th months after budding, use 25 g / plant * 4 times / month of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer within the 10th month after budding, use 25 g / plant * 2 times of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer within the 11th month after budding, bury 5kg / plant of organic fertilizer + 500 g / plant of compound fertilizer in the first month after budding, bury 300 g / plant of compound fertilizer + 200 g / plant of calcium-magnesium fertilizer in the early 6th month after budding, bury or spread 500 g / plant of potassium chloride in the 8th month after budding.

[0083] The time when the first sucker emerged from the soil of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-4 was detected, the number of suckers was recorded on the 30th day, and the maximum sucker height and circumference of each experimental plant were measured with a soft ruler, as shown in Table 1.

[0084] Table 1 The time of bud emergence from soil and the growth of buds in each group on the 30th day

[0085] Time (d) Number of suckers Bud height (cm) Bud circumference (cm) Example 1 11 2.5 24.5 12.7 Comparative Example 1 15 1.9 19.4 11.2 Comparative Example 2 14 2.0 19.5 11.3 Comparative Example 3 18 2.1 17.9 10.6 Comparative Example 4 22 1.2 6.2 7.8

[0086] As can be seen from Table 1, Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2 use different bud-promoting agents, and there are obvious differences in the soil-emerging time and the number of suckers, but the height and circumference of the suckers in Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 are not much different, indicating that the combination of 6-benzylaminoadenine, 80g of diethylaminoethanol octanoate and magnesium sulfate in the bud-promoting agent promotes the formation of suckers faster and their growth is taller and stronger; Comparative Examples 3 and 4 illustrate that the application of the pre-healing agent can promote the suckers to emerge from the soil earlier, and the bud-promoting agent promotes the suckers to grow taller and stronger quickly.

[0087] The management uniformity, production period, 30% banana bud breaking time and harvesting time, as well as the average yield per plant and the proportion of bananas affected by the second cold for Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4 from management after the cold injury to the first banana harvest after the cold injury were recorded. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0088] Table 2 Management and harvesting of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4

[0089]

[0090]

[0091] As can be seen from Table 2, most of the bananas in Examples 1-3 can be controlled to break buds in mid-August and harvested in late October after being damaged by cold, and the fruiting period can be controlled before winter, so that they can be put on the market in advance, and the yield and quality of bananas can be prevented from being affected by cold during the fruiting period; in Comparative Examples 3 and 4, banana sucker germination is slow after being affected by cold, and improper fertilization frequency and fertilization method in the later stage lead to slow growth and poor uniformity of newly grown banana trees, resulting in 30% of banana trees having a bud-breaking period in October-November and a fruiting period in October-February. During the fruiting period, the tree body is more active in nutrient conversion and flow in order to supply sufficient nutrients to the fruit, so bananas are more susceptible to cold during the fruiting period, resulting in a high proportion of bananas affected by cold.

[0092] The present invention can be implemented in various ways and is not limited to the embodiments described. A person skilled in the art can understand that the present invention can be implemented in other specific ways without changing the technical concept or essential features of the present invention. Therefore, it should be understood that the embodiments described above are exemplary and are not intended to limit the present invention.

Claims

1. A cultivation method for early harvesting of bananas after chilling damage, characterized in that: The method comprises: S1, determining that post-chilling damage management can be carried out, when the average temperature is higher than 15°C, cutting off the pseudostem and other suckers of the mother plant at 25-40 cm above the ground and evenly pouring 200-600 mL of a pre-healing agent around the corm of the mother plant, the components of the pre-healing agent include boric acid, sodium selenite and carboxymethyl chitosan; S2, 7-10 days after cutting, sprinkle a bud-promoting agent around the corm of the mother plant, and add soil to the corm of the mother plant. When the sucker buds are 20-25 cm long, select and retain 1-2 suckers with consistent growth, wherein the components of the bud-promoting agent include 6-benzylaminoadenine and organic fermentation liquid; S3, apply high nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer and organic fermented liquid fertilizer in the 1st to 3rd month after budding, apply high potassium water-soluble fertilizer and organic fermented liquid fertilizer in the 4th to 6th month after budding, apply high potassium water-soluble fertilizer in the 7th to 8th month after budding, bury compound fertilizer and calcium magnesium fertilizer at the end of the 4th month after budding, and bury or spread potassium chloride in the 6th month; S4, pest and disease control.

2. The method for cultivating bananas for early harvesting after chilling injury according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for determining whether post-treatment of cold damage can be performed is as follows: When the minimum temperature at the monitored banana plantation is ≤2.5℃ and the average temperature is ≤10℃ for at least 3 days, or when the temperature at the monitored banana plantation is below 4℃ and freezing rain continues, dissect 10-20 banana plants; Check the condition of its banana bulbs; When the number of bulbs that have not died accounts for more than 70% of the dissected number, it is determined that post-chilling damage treatment can be carried out; When the number of alive bulbs accounts for ≤70% of the dissected number, it is determined that no post-cold damage treatment is required, and new planting or replanting is recommended.

3. The cultivation method for early harvesting of bananas after chilling injury according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pre-healing agent components also include potassium chloride, boric acid and water.

4. The cultivation method for early harvesting of bananas after chilling injury according to claim 3, characterized in that: The pre-healing agent components consist of 20-40g potassium chloride, 5-10g boric acid, 10-20g sodium selenite, 5-10g carboxymethyl chitosan and 500-1000mL water.

5. The cultivation method for early harvesting of bananas after chilling injury according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sprout promoter also includes diethylamino ethanol octanoate, MgSO4 and water.

6. The method for cultivating bananas for early harvesting after chilling injury according to claim 5, characterized in that: The sprout promoter component is prepared from 3-8 mg 6-benzylaminoadenine, 50-70 g diethylaminoethanol octanoate, 20-30 g MgSO4, 400-500 g organic fermentation liquid and 2-2.5 kg water.

7. The method for cultivating bananas for early harvesting after chilling injury according to claim 1, characterized in that: The selecting and retaining 1-2 suckers with consistent growth specifically comprises retaining one sucker with consistent growth if there are no missing plants around, and retaining two suckers with consistent growth if there are missing plants around.

8. The method for cultivating bananas for early harvesting after chilling injury according to claim 1, characterized in that: The height of the soiling is 10-15 cm.

9. The method for cultivating bananas for early harvesting after chilling injury according to claim 1, characterized in that: Within the first month after budding, use 20-30 grams of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer per plant * 6 times / month and 400-500 grams of organic fermented liquid fertilizer per plant with 4-5 kg ​​of water. Within the 2nd to 3rd months after budding, use 25 grams of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer per plant * 10 times / month and 400-500 grams of organic fermented liquid fertilizer per plant with 4-5 kg ​​of water.

10. The cultivation method for early harvesting of bananas after chilling injury according to claim 1, characterized in that: Within the 5th to 6th month after budding, use 30g / plant high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer 10 times / month and 500g / plant organic fermented liquid fertilizer diluted with 4-5kg of water. Within the 7th month after budding, use 30g / plant high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer 7 times. Within the 8th month after budding, use 30g / plant high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer 3 times.

Images