Cultivation method for realizing early harvesting after banana cold damage

Abstract

The application discloses a cultivation method for realizing early harvesting after cold damage of bananas, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, determining whether cold damage management can be carried out, when the average air temperature is higher than 15 DEG C, cutting off the mother plant false stem and other suckers at 25-40 cm away from the ground, and uniformly spraying 200-600 mL of a pre-harvest agent around the mother plant corm; S2, spraying a pre-bud agent around the mother plant corm at 7-10 days after cutting, and covering the mother plant corm with soil, when the length of the sucker is 20-25 cm, selecting 1-2 suckers with consistent growth to be reserved; S3, water and fertilizer management; and S4, disease and pest control. Compared with the prior art, the application repairs the membrane system of the banana corm damaged due to cold damage by applying a pre-harvest agent, promotes the generation of suckers from the corm together with a pre-bud agent, reasonably applies water and fertilizer, and manages diseases and pests, so that the reserved suckers are accelerated to carry out vegetative growth and reproductive growth, so that at least 70% of bananas are harvested before November, the bananas are harvested earlier than other cold-damaged bananas, the yield is higher, and the bananas are realized to be marketed in a staggered manner.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of plant cultivation technology, specifically to a cultivation method for achieving early harvesting of bananas after frost damage. Background Technology

[0002] Bananas are tropical fruit trees with relatively high temperature requirements. The optimal growing temperature is 25-32℃. Growth slows below 18℃ and is inhibited or stagnant below 10℃. 4℃ is considered the critical temperature for cold damage. If cold weather occurs in December and January due to cold waves, bananas, which are sensitive to low temperatures, are prone to severe cold damage under sustained low temperatures. Severe cold damage not only devastates the banana industry in that year but also causes a concentrated harvest of bananas in the region for the next 2-3 years, resulting in a seasonal surplus of bananas and seriously affecting planting efficiency and industry stability.

[0003] Current measures mainly focus on cold protection and prevention for bananas. While cold damage control is easier and more effective in newly planted seedlings, there are fewer cold protection measures available for multi-generation bananas due to their larger size. Generally, exogenous drugs are used to induce and improve the cold resistance of multi-generation bananas. However, because bananas have different cold resistance levels, the damage from low-temperature stress varies. Currently, there is little information on remedial measures and management methods for bananas after cold damage. Due to a lack of corresponding cold damage management methods, growers are experiencing the following problems: First, after cold damage, banana suckers and leaves suffer severe frost damage and withering, the heart leaves rot, and the center of the stem turns black when cut. Due to a lack of experience, growers fail to further check the condition and survival of the bulbs, mistakenly believing that the bananas have lost their growth vitality due to severe cold damage, and abandon the orchard. Second, improper management leads to large differences in sucker growth, making later management of the banana plantation difficult. Third, improper management of newly grown banana trees results in slow growth, making them susceptible to cold damage during flowering and fruiting periods in winter, affecting yield and quality. Fourth, concentrated ripening of bananas in the region leads to seasonal oversupply. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a cultivation method for early harvesting of bananas after they have been exposed to cold weather. It aims to solve the problems of large differences in the growth of banana suckers and slow growth of banana trees after being exposed to cold weather, which leads to the flowering and fruiting periods occurring in winter, as well as seasonal oversupply caused by concentrated banana harvesting in a region.

[0005] A cultivation method for achieving early harvesting of bananas after frost damage, the method comprising:

[0006] S1. If it is determined that post-frost damage management can be carried out, when the average temperature is higher than 15℃, cut off the pseudostem and other suckers of the mother plant at a height of 25-40cm above the ground and evenly spray 200-600mL of pre-healing agent around the mother plant bulb. The components of the pre-healing agent include boric acid, sodium selenite and carboxymethyl chitosan.

[0007] S2, 7-10 days after cutting, apply a bud-promoting agent around the mother plant bulb and mound soil around the mother plant bulb. When the suckers are 20-25cm long, select and retain 1-2 suckers that grow in the same direction. The bud-promoting agent consists of 6-benzylaminopurine, diethylaminoethanol octanoate and MgSO4.

[0008] S3: Apply high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer and organic fermented liquid fertilizer in the first 1-3 months after bud retention; apply high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer and organic fermented liquid fertilizer in the 4th-6th months after bud retention; apply high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer in the 7th-8th months after bud retention; bury compound fertilizer and calcium-magnesium fertilizer at the end of the 4th month after bud retention; bury or sprinkle potassium chloride in the 6th month.

[0009] S4, Pest and Disease Control.

[0010] Based on the above technical features, the principle of cutting off the pseudostem of the mother plant and other suckers at a height of 25-40cm from the ground is that the present invention aims to retain red buds, and the cutting position is lower than the existing cutting position of 50-60cm for retaining old buds.

[0011] Preferably, in the above technical solution, the method for determining whether post-frost damage treatment is feasible is as follows:

[0012] When the minimum temperature at the banana plantation site is ≤2.5℃ and the average temperature is ≤10℃ for at least 3 consecutive days, or when the temperature at the banana plantation site is below 4℃ and there is continuous freezing rain, dissect 10-20 banana plants.

[0013] Inspect the condition of its banana bulbs;

[0014] When the number of surviving bulbs accounts for more than 70% of the dissected bulbs, it is determined that post-frost damage treatment can be carried out.

[0015] When the number of surviving bulbs is ≤70% of the dissected bulbs, it is determined that no post-frost damage treatment is necessary, and replanting or reseeding is recommended.

[0016] According to the above technical solution, this invention clearly defines the conditions under which bananas may suffer from frost damage. Based on this, it further analyzes the death of some banana bulbs affected by frost damage to estimate the overall bulb mortality in the banana plantation. This determines whether post-frost damage treatment, replanting, or reseeding is necessary. When the number of dead bulbs analyzed exceeds 30% of the total number analyzed, it indicates that most banana bulbs in the plantation have lost their vitality. Even with post-frost damage management, replanting in most areas would be required, resulting in growers' input far exceeding their output. Therefore, establishing frost damage standards for growers, allowing them to perform analysis upon reaching these standards and decide whether post-frost damage treatment is necessary based on the analysis results, can largely avoid situations where growers cannot determine whether frost damage has occurred, or whether post-frost damage requires emergency repairs or replanting. This can prevent situations where growers blindly attempt emergency repairs, resulting in excessively high costs and extremely low returns, or miss the optimal time for emergency repairs due to uncertainty, or increase costs due to blindly replanting.

[0017] Preferably, in the above technical solution, the pre-treatment component further includes potassium chloride, boric acid, and water.

[0018] Preferably, in the above technical solution, the pre-treatment component is composed of 20-40g potassium chloride, 5-10g boric acid, 10-20g sodium selenite, 5-10g carboxymethyl chitosan, and 500-1000mL water.

[0019] According to the above technical solution, the principle of applying the pre-treatment agent is as follows: when the temperature rises, the banana cell membrane lipids slowly return to a liquid crystal state, and the root absorption capacity gradually recovers, the pre-treatment agent is applied. Potassium chloride and water promote the absorption of banana roots, sodium selenite promotes the production of glutathione peroxidase, eliminates reactive oxygen species accumulated during the cold damage to the bulb, boric acid and carboxymethyl chitosan promote the excretion of toxic metabolites accumulated during the cold damage, promote cell wall formation and stimulate the stability of the plant membrane system. Potassium chloride, sodium selenite, boric acid, and carboxymethyl chitosan work together to repair the cell membrane and stimulate the activity of the enzyme system, accelerating the recovery of the banana bulb to normal metabolism.

[0020] Preferably, in the above technical solution, the germination promoter group further includes diethylaminoethanol octanoate, MgSO4 and water.

[0021] Preferably, in the above technical solution, the germination promoter composition ratio is 3-8 mg 6-benzylaminopurine, 50-70 g diethylaminoethanol octanoate, 20-30 g MgSO4, 400-500 g organic fermentation broth and 2-2.5 kg water.

[0022] According to the above technical solution, after the bulbs recover normal metabolism, a bud-promoting agent is applied and the soil is added. The components of the bud-promoting agent, 6-benzylaminopurine, diethylaminoethanol octanoate, and MgSO4, enhance the activity of cell functional enzymes, promote cell proliferation, and provide nutrients to the bulbs in combination with organic fermentation liquid, thereby accelerating bud formation and sprouting.

[0023] Preferably, in the above technical solution, the height of the soil layer is 10-15cm.

[0024] Preferably, in the above technical solution, within the first month after bud retention, apply 20-30 grams of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer per plant * 6 times per month and 400-500 grams of organic fermented liquid fertilizer per plant diluted in 4-5 kg ​​of water. Within the second to third month after bud retention, apply 25 grams of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer per plant * 10 times per month and 400-500 grams of organic fermented liquid fertilizer per plant diluted in 4-5 kg ​​of water.

[0025] Preferably, in the above technical solution, the step of selecting and retaining 1-2 suckers with consistent growth specifically means retaining one sucker with consistent growth if there are no missing plants around it, and retaining two suckers with consistent growth if there are missing plants around it.

[0026] According to the above technical solution, when there are no missing plants around, the present invention selects suckers with consistent growth and removes all other suckers. This helps to ensure that soil nutrients and fertilizers are specifically supplied to the new suckers, ensuring that the suckers are strong and grow rapidly, thereby achieving early harvesting. On plants with missing plants around, two suckers with consistent growth are selected and retained, which helps to reduce the replanting process while ensuring the overall seedling quantity of the banana plantation.

[0027] Preferably, in the above technical solution, the height of the soil layer is 10-15cm.

[0028] According to the above technical solution, the height of the soil mound in this invention is set to 10-15cm. Considering the large temperature difference between day and night in the early stage of warming, the thickness and height of the soil around the bulb are increased. Taking advantage of the slow cooling characteristic of the soil, the temperature of the bulb and the temperature around the bulb are maintained when the temperature drops, reducing the impact of cooling, promoting the recovery of activity of bulb cells and tissues, promoting the germination of new buds, and at the same time, banana buds are more likely to form suckers under the dark conditions, thereby promoting the rapid growth of the bulb into suckers.

[0029] Preferably, in the above technical solution, within the first month after bud retention, apply 20-30 grams of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer per plant * 6 times per month and 400-500 grams of organic fermented liquid fertilizer per plant diluted in 4-5 kg ​​of water. Within the second to third month after bud retention, apply 25 grams of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer per plant * 10 times per month and 400-500 grams of organic fermented liquid fertilizer per plant diluted in 4-5 kg ​​of water.

[0030] Preferably, in the above technical solution, within the 5th to 6th month after bud retention, apply 30g / plant of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer 10 times / month and apply 500g / plant of organic fermented liquid fertilizer diluted in 4-5kg of water. Within the 7th month after bud retention, apply 30g / plant of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer 7 times, and within the 8th month after bud retention, apply 30g / plant of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer 3 times.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0032] The principle behind this invention for improving the germination and uniformity of new suckers is as follows: Before budding, a pre-treatment agent is applied to reduce the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in the cells of the banana bulb after frost damage and to repair membrane damage. Then, a bud-promoting agent is used to stimulate bud germination and induce the buds to develop into suckers, retaining only one sucker with uniform growth to ensure that the new suckers in the banana plantation grow uniformly and robustly. Finally, multiple applications of water and fertilizer continuously supply the necessary nutrients for sucker growth, reducing soil disturbance and root damage, and promoting banana sucker growth. For the first 1-6 months, organic fermented fertilizer is applied monthly to supply micronutrients, combined with the application of high-nitrogen and high-potassium water-soluble fertilizers to continuously supply the macronutrients and micronutrients required for banana growth, protecting and promoting root growth, and promoting both vegetative and reproductive growth of the banana plantation. This allows for harvesting before winter, enabling earlier harvesting and staggered market entry. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention have been clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] A cultivation method for achieving early harvesting of bananas after frost damage, the method comprising:

[0036] S1. Monitoring showed that the outdoor temperature in the banana plantation was below 4℃ and freezing rain occurred. Twenty banana plants were randomly selected and dissected from the plantation. It was found that 16 of these plants had dead stems at the center, but the bulbs were not dead. The percentage of bananas with intact bulbs that were dissected was 80%. Since more than 70% of the bananas were viable for post-frost damage management, this was considered acceptable. Once the local average temperature was above 15℃, the pseudostem and other suckers of the mother plant were promptly cut off 30cm above the ground. Post-frost damage management began with cutting the pseudostem and evenly applying a 500mL pre-healing agent around the bulb. This pre-healing agent consisted of 20g potassium chloride, 5g boric acid, 10g sodium selenite, 5g carboxymethyl chitosan, and 500mL water.

[0037] S2. On days 7-10, spray the banana bulb with a sprouting agent once a day, then mound soil around the banana bulb, making a small mound 10cm higher than the banana bulb. Increase watering by spraying or dripping water on the ground, but avoid water accumulation and keep the ground moist. The sprouting agent is made by mixing 6mg of 6-benzylaminopurine, 80g of diethylaminoethanol octanoate, 20g of MgSO4, 500g of organic fermentation liquid and 2kg of water. After the sucker grows to 20cm, select and keep one sucker that grows in the same direction, and remove all other suckers. However, two suckers can be left on the plants around the missing plant.

[0038] S3: Within the first month after bud removal, apply 20g / plant of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer six times a month; within the second to third month after bud removal, apply 25g / plant of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer ten times a month; within the fourth month after bud removal, apply 25g / plant of balanced water-soluble fertilizer ten times a month; at the end of the fourth month after bud removal, bury 300g / plant of compound fertilizer + 200g / plant of calcium-magnesium fertilizer; in the sixth month after bud removal, bury or sprinkle 500g / plant of potassium chloride; within the fifth to sixth month after bud removal, apply 30g / plant of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer ten times a month; within the first to sixth month after bud removal, apply 500g / plant of organic fermented liquid fertilizer diluted in 4-5kg of water and evenly spray it around the banana bulb once a month; within the seventh month after bud removal, apply 30g / plant of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer seven times; within the eighth month after bud removal, apply 30g / plant of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer three times.

[0039] For S4, pay attention to the prevention and control of leaf spot and black heart disease on the leaves, ensuring that there are more than 10 green leaves; for the banana corms and roots, pay attention to the prevention and control of banana wilt and bacterial soft rot, as follows:

[0040] When leaf spot disease is in the spot and stripe stages, spray the leaves with 50% propiconazole;

[0041] When black spot disease is at the leaf and green fruit spot stage, spray the leaves with 25% pyraclostrobin.

[0042] When banana plants are infected with Fusarium wilt, drench the roots with a mixture of 4% kasugamycin and 30% metalaxyl-mancozeb.

[0043] When bacterial soft rot is found, loosen the soil in the banana plantation and dig drainage ditches. Drench the roots of each plant with 23% copper oxychloride, repeating the application every 7-10 days.

[0044] Example 2

[0045] A cultivation method for achieving early harvesting of bananas after frost damage, the method comprising:

[0046] S1. Monitoring showed that the local temperature in the banana plantation was below 4℃ and freezing rain occurred. Twenty banana plants were randomly selected and dissected from the plantation. It was found that 17 of these plants had dead stems at the center, but the bulbs were not dead. The percentage of bananas with intact bulbs that were dissected was 85%, which is greater than 70% and allows for post-frost damage management. Once the local average temperature rises above 15℃, the pseudostem and other suckers of the mother plant should be promptly removed 30cm above the ground. Post-frost damage management should begin with removing the pseudostem and evenly applying 400mL of a pre-healing agent around the bulb. This pre-healing agent consists of 30g potassium chloride, 8g boric acid, 15g sodium selenite, 8g carboxymethyl chitosan, and 800mL water.

[0047] S2. On days 7-10, spray 50mL of bud-promoting agent around the banana bulb daily, then mound soil around the banana bulb, making a small mound 15cm higher than the banana bulb. Increase watering by spraying or dripping water on the ground, but avoid water accumulation and keep the ground moist. The bud-promoting agent is made by mixing 8mg 6-benzylaminopurine, 60g diethylaminoethanol octanoate, 25g MgSO4, 500g organic fermentation liquid, and 2.5kg water. After the sucker grows to 20cm, select and keep one sucker that grows uniformly, and remove all other suckers. However, two suckers can be left on the plants around the missing sucker.

[0048] S3: Within the first month after bud removal, apply 20g / plant of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer six times a month; within the second to third month after bud removal, apply 25g / plant of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer ten times a month; within the fourth month after bud removal, apply 25g / plant of balanced water-soluble fertilizer ten times a month; at the end of the fourth month after bud removal, bury 300g / plant of compound fertilizer + 200g / plant of calcium-magnesium fertilizer; in the sixth month after bud removal, bury or sprinkle 500g / plant of potassium chloride; within the fifth to sixth month after bud removal, apply 30g / plant of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer ten times a month; within the first to sixth month after bud removal, apply 500g / plant of organic fermented liquid fertilizer diluted in 4-5kg of water and evenly spray it around the banana bulb once a month; within the seventh month after bud removal, apply 30g / plant of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer seven times; within the eighth month after bud removal, apply 30g / plant of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer three times.

[0049] For S4, pay attention to controlling leaf spot and black heart disease on the leaves, ensuring at least 10 green leaves. For banana corms and roots, pay attention to controlling banana wilt and bacterial soft rot as follows:

[0050] When leaf spot disease is in the spot and stripe stages, spray the leaves with 50% propiconazole;

[0051] When black spot disease is at the leaf and green fruit spot stage, spray the leaves with 25% pyraclostrobin.

[0052] When banana plants are infected with Fusarium wilt, drench the roots with a mixture of 4% kasugamycin and 30% metalaxyl-mancozeb.

[0053] When bacterial soft rot is found, loosen the soil in the banana plantation and dig drainage ditches. Drench the roots of each plant with 23% copper oxychloride, repeating the application every 7-10 days.

[0054] Example 3

[0055] A cultivation method for achieving early harvesting of bananas after frost damage, the method comprising:

[0056] S1. Monitoring showed that the lowest outdoor temperature in the banana plantation was ≤2.5℃, and the average temperature was ≤10℃ for at least 3 consecutive days. Twenty banana plants were randomly selected and dissected from the plantation. It was found that 16 plants had dead stems at the center but the bulbs were not dead. The percentage of bananas with intact bulbs that were dissected was 80%. Since more than 70% of the bananas were viable for post-frost damage management, this was considered acceptable. Once the local average temperature was above 15℃, the pseudostem and other suckers of the mother plant were promptly cut off 30cm above the ground. Post-frost damage management began with cutting the pseudostem and evenly applying a 500mL pre-healing agent around the mother plant's bulb. This pre-healing agent consisted of 35g potassium chloride, 10g boric acid, 20g sodium selenite, 10g carboxymethyl chitosan, and 1000mL water.

[0057] S2. On days 7-10, spray 50mL of bud-promoting agent around the banana bulb daily, then mound soil around the banana bulb, making a small mound 15cm higher than the banana bulb. Increase watering by spraying or dripping water on the ground, but avoid water accumulation and keep the ground moist. The bud-promoting agent is made by mixing 3mg 6-benzylaminopurine, 70g diethylaminoethanol octanoate, 30g MgSO4, 400g organic fermentation liquid, and 2.5kg water. After the sucker grows to 20cm, select and keep one sucker that grows in the same direction, and remove all other suckers. However, two suckers can be left on the plants around the missing sucker.

[0058] S3: Within the first month after bud removal, apply 20g / plant of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer six times a month; within the second to third month after bud removal, apply 25g / plant of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer ten times a month; within the fourth month after bud removal, apply 25g / plant of balanced water-soluble fertilizer ten times a month; at the end of the fourth month after bud removal, bury 300g / plant of compound fertilizer + 200g / plant of calcium-magnesium fertilizer; in the sixth month after bud removal, bury or sprinkle 500g / plant of potassium chloride; within the fifth to sixth month after bud removal, apply 30g / plant of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer ten times a month; within the first to sixth month after bud removal, apply 500g / plant of organic fermented liquid fertilizer diluted in 4-5kg of water and evenly spray it around the banana bulb once a month; within the seventh month after bud removal, apply 30g / plant of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer seven times; within the eighth month after bud removal, apply 30g / plant of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer three times.

[0059] For S4, pay attention to controlling leaf spot and black heart disease on the leaves, ensuring at least 10 green leaves. For banana corms and roots, pay attention to controlling banana wilt and bacterial soft rot as follows:

[0060] When leaf spot disease is in the spot and stripe stages, spray the leaves with 50% propiconazole;

[0061] When black spot disease is at the leaf and green fruit spot stage, spray the leaves with 25% pyraclostrobin.

[0062] When banana plants are infected with Fusarium wilt, drench the roots with a mixture of 4% kasugamycin and 30% metalaxyl-mancozeb.

[0063] When bacterial soft rot is found, loosen the soil in the banana plantation and dig drainage ditches. Drench the roots of each plant with 23% copper oxychloride, repeating the application every 7-10 days.

[0064] Comparative Example 1

[0065] Different planting blocks within the same area as in Example 1 were used to divide experimental plants and label them. The labels indicated the bud-promoting agent 1 and the application time. The treatment steps S1 and S4 of the experimental plants were basically the same as in Example 1. The difference was that the components and methods of the bud-promoting agent and the fertilization methods were different.

[0066] S2, from day 7 to 10, spray the banana bulb with a sprouting agent once a day, then mound soil around the banana bulb, making a small mound 5cm higher than the banana bulb. Increase watering or dripping water on the ground, but do not allow water to accumulate; keep the ground moist. The sprouting agent 1 is made by mixing 80g of diethylaminoethanol octanoate, 500g of organic fermentation liquid, and 2kg of water. After the sucker grows to 20cm, select and keep one sucker that grows in the same direction, and remove all other suckers. However, two suckers can be left on the plants around the missing plant.

[0067] For S3, apply 20g / plant of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer 6 times / month within the first month after bud removal; apply 25g / plant of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer 10 times / month within the second to third month after bud removal; apply 25g / plant of balanced water-soluble fertilizer 10 times / month within the fourth month after bud removal; apply 300g / plant of compound fertilizer + 200g / plant of potassium nitrate by burying it at the end of the fourth month after bud removal; apply 500g / plant of potassium nitrate by burying or spreading it in the sixth month after bud removal; apply 30g / plant of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer 10 times / month within the fifth to sixth month after bud removal; apply 30g / plant of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer 7 times within the seventh month after bud removal; and apply 30g / plant of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer 3 times within the eighth month after bud removal.

[0068] Comparative Example 2

[0069] Different experimental plants from the same planting block as in Example 1 were labeled with the bud-promoting agent 2 and the application time. The treatment steps S1 and S4 of the experimental plants were basically the same as in Example 1. The difference was that the components and methods of the bud-promoting agent and the fertilization methods were different.

[0070] S2, from day 7 to 10, spray the banana bulb with a sprouting agent once a day, then mound soil around the banana bulb, making a small mound 10cm higher than the banana bulb. Increase watering or dripping water on the ground, but do not allow water to accumulate; keep the ground moist. The sprouting agent 2 is made by mixing 3mg of 6-benzylaminopurine, 500g of organic fermentation liquid, and 2.5kg of water. After the sucker grows to 20cm, select and keep one sucker that grows in the same direction, and remove all other suckers. However, two suckers can be left on the plants around the missing plant.

[0071] For S3, apply 20g / plant of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer 6 times / month within the first month after bud removal; apply 25g / plant of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer 10 times / month within the second to third month after bud removal; apply 25g / plant of balanced water-soluble fertilizer 10 times / month within the fourth month after bud removal; apply 300g / plant of compound fertilizer + 200g / plant of potassium nitrate by burying it at the end of the fourth month after bud removal; apply 500g / plant of potassium nitrate by burying or spreading it in the sixth month after bud removal; apply 30g / plant of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer 10 times / month within the fifth to sixth month after bud removal; apply 30g / plant of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer 7 times within the seventh month after bud removal; and apply 30g / plant of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer 3 times within the eighth month after bud removal.

[0072] Comparative Example 3

[0073] A cultivation method for achieving early harvesting of bananas after frost damage, the method comprising:

[0074] S1. Monitoring showed that the outdoor temperature in the banana plantation was below 4℃ and freezing rain occurred. Twenty banana plants were randomly selected and dissected from the plantation. It was found that 16 plants had dead stems at the center but the bulbs were still viable. The percentage of bananas with viable bulbs that were dissected was 80%. Since this percentage is greater than 70%, post-frost damage management of bananas is possible. When the average temperature rises above 15℃, the pseudostems and other suckers of the mother plant should be promptly cut off 30 cm above the ground.

[0075] S2. From day 7 to 10, spray 50mL of bud-promoting agent around the banana bulb daily, then mound soil around the banana bulb, making a small mound 10cm higher than the banana bulb. Increase watering by spraying or dripping water on the ground, but avoid water accumulation and keep the ground moist. The bud-promoting agent is made by mixing 6mg of 6-benzylaminopurine, 80g of diethylaminoethanol octanoate, 500g of organic fermentation liquid, and 2kg of water. Immediately after spraying the bud-promoting agent, mound soil around the banana bulb, making a small mound 5cm higher than the banana bulb. Increase watering by spraying or dripping water on the ground, but avoid water accumulation and keep the ground moist. Once the suckers have grown to 20cm, select suckers that grow uniformly and remove all other suckers.

[0076] For S3, apply 20g / plant of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer five times a month during the first month after bud removal; apply 20g / plant of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer eight times a month during the second and third months after bud removal; apply 20g / plant of balanced water-soluble fertilizer eight times a month during the fourth month after bud removal; apply 25g / plant of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer eight times a month during the fifth and sixth months after bud removal; apply 25g / plant of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer five times during the seventh month after bud removal; and apply 25g / plant of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer twice during the eighth month after bud removal. At the end of the fourth month after bud removal, bury 300g / plant of compound fertilizer + 200g / plant of calcium-magnesium fertilizer. In the sixth month after bud removal, bury or sprinkle 500g / plant of potassium chloride. From the first to the sixth month after bud removal, apply 50g / plant of amino acids diluted in 4-5kg of water monthly, evenly drenching the banana bulb.

[0077] For S4, pay attention to the prevention and control of leaf spot and black heart disease, ensuring that there are more than 10 green leaves. For the bulb and root system, pay attention to the prevention and control of banana wilt and bacterial soft rot.

[0078] Comparative Example 4

[0079] A cultivation method for achieving early harvesting of bananas after frost damage, the method comprising:

[0080] S1. After severe cold damage, when the temperature is above 15℃, cut off the pseudostem 30 cm above the ground. Increase water spraying or dripping on the ground, but do not allow water to accumulate on the ground. Keep the ground moist.

[0081] S2. After the suckers have grown to 20 cm, select suckers that are growing in the same direction and remove all other suckers.

[0082] For S3, apply 20g / plant * 3 times / month of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer within the first month after bud removal; apply 25g / plant * 4 times / month within the second to third month after bud removal; apply 25g / plant * 4 times / month of balanced water-soluble fertilizer within the fourth to fifth month after bud removal; apply 25g / plant * 4 times / month of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer within the sixth to ninth month after bud removal; apply 25g / plant * 3 times of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer within the tenth month after bud removal; apply 25g / plant * 2 times of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer within the eleventh month after bud removal; bury 5kg / plant of organic fertilizer + 500g / plant of compound fertilizer within the first month after bud removal; bury 300g / plant of compound fertilizer + 200g / plant of calcium-magnesium fertilizer within the first sixth month after bud removal; and bury or sprinkle 500g / plant of potassium chloride within the eighth month after bud removal.

[0083] The time of the first sucker emerging from the soil in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-4 was tested. The number of suckers was recorded on the 30th day, and the height and circumference of the maximum sucker in each experimental plant were measured with a soft ruler, as shown in Table 1.

[0084] Table 1. Sucker emergence time and sapling growth in each group on day 30.

[0085] Time (d) Number of suckers (pieces) Sucker height (cm) Sucker circumference (cm) Example 1 11 2.5 24.5 12.7 Comparative Example 1 15 1.9 19.4 11.2 Comparative Example 2 14 2.0 19.5 11.3 Comparative Example 3 18 2.1 17.9 10.6 Comparative Example 4 22 1.2 6.2 7.8

[0086] As can be seen from Table 1, the different components of the sprouting agent applied in Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2 resulted in significant differences in the time of emergence and the number of suckers. However, the sucker height and circumference of Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 were not significantly different, indicating that the combination of 6-benzylaminopurine, 80g diethylaminoethanol octanoate, and magnesium sulfate in the sprouting agent promoted the formation of suckers and their growth in height and strength more quickly. Comparative Examples 3 and 4 showed that the application of the pre-germination agent could promote the earlier emergence of suckers, and the sprouting agent promoted the rapid growth of suckers in height and strength.

[0087] The management uniformity, production period, 30% banana bud break time, and harvest time of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4 from post-frost damage management to the first banana harvest after frost damage were recorded. The average yield per plant and the percentage of bananas affected by the second frost damage were also recorded. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0088] Table 2 shows the management and harvesting conditions of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4.

[0089]

[0090]

[0091] As shown in Table 2, in Examples 1-3, the bud break period of most bananas after frost damage could be controlled to mid-August, with harvesting in late October and fruiting period controlled before winter, allowing for earlier market entry and avoiding the impact of frost on yield and quality during the fruiting period. In Comparative Examples 3 and 4, the bud sprouting of bananas was slower after frost damage, and improper fertilization frequency and methods in the later stages led to slow growth and poor uniformity of the newly grown banana trees. As a result, 30% of the banana trees had a bud break period in October-November and a fruiting period in October-February. During the fruiting period, the transformation and flow of nutrients in the banana tree are more active in order to deliver sufficient nutrients to the fruit. Therefore, bananas are more susceptible to frost damage during the fruiting period, resulting in a high proportion of frost-damaged bananas.

[0092] This invention can be implemented in various ways and is not limited to the embodiments described. Those skilled in the art will understand that the invention can be implemented in other specific ways without changing the technical concept or essential features. Therefore, it should be understood that the embodiments described above are exemplary and not intended to limit the invention.

Claims

1. A cultivation method for achieving early harvesting of bananas after frost damage, characterized in that, The method includes: S1, the method for determining whether a monitored banana plantation is suitable for post-frost damage treatment or not is as follows: When the minimum temperature at the banana plantation site is ≤2.5℃ and the average temperature is ≤10℃ for at least 3 consecutive days, or when the temperature at the banana plantation site is below 4℃ and there is continuous freezing rain, dissect 10-20 banana plants. Inspect the condition of its banana bulbs; When the number of surviving bulbs accounts for more than 70% of the dissected bulbs, it is determined that post-frost damage treatment can be carried out. When the number of surviving bulbs is ≤70% of the dissected bulbs, it is determined that no post-frost damage treatment is necessary, and replanting or reseeding is recommended. For banana plantations that can be treated for cold damage, when the average temperature is above 15℃, cut off the pseudostem and other suckers of the mother plant at a height of 25-40 cm above the ground and evenly spray 200-600 mL of pre-healing agent around the mother plant's corm. The pre-healing agent is composed of boric acid, sodium selenite, potassium chloride, water and carboxymethyl chitosan. S2, 7-10 days after cutting, apply a bud-promoting agent around the bulb of the mother plant and mound soil around the bulb to a height of 10-15 cm. When the suckers are 20-25 cm long, select and retain 1-2 suckers that grow in the same direction. The bud-promoting agent is composed of 3-8 mg 6-benzylaminopurine, 50-70 g diethylaminoethanol octanoate, 20-30 g MgSO4, 400-500 g organic fermentation liquid and 2-2.5 kg water. S3: Apply high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer and organic fermented liquid fertilizer in the first 1-3 months after bud retention; apply high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer and organic fermented liquid fertilizer in the 4th-6th months after bud retention; apply high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer in the 7th-8th months after bud retention; bury compound fertilizer and calcium-magnesium fertilizer at the end of the 4th month after bud retention; bury or sprinkle potassium chloride in the 6th month. S4, Pest and Disease Control.

2. The cultivation method for achieving early harvesting of bananas after frost damage according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pre-treatment component consists of 20-40 g potassium chloride, 5-10 g boric acid, 10-20 g sodium selenite, 5-10 g carboxymethyl chitosan, and 500-1000 mL of water.

3. The cultivation method for achieving early harvesting of bananas after frost damage according to claim 1, characterized in that, The selection of retaining 1-2 suckers with consistent growth specifically means that if there are no missing plants around, one sucker with consistent growth is retained; if there are missing plants around, two suckers with consistent growth are retained.

4. The cultivation method for achieving early harvesting of bananas after frost damage according to claim 1, characterized in that, Within the first month after bud removal, apply 20-30 grams of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer per plant six times a month and 400-500 grams of organic fermented liquid fertilizer per plant diluted in 4-5 kg ​​of water. Within the second to third month after bud removal, apply 25 grams of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer per plant ten times a month and 400-500 grams of organic fermented liquid fertilizer per plant diluted in 4-5 kg ​​of water.

5. The cultivation method for achieving early harvesting of bananas after frost damage according to claim 1, characterized in that, Within 5-6 months after bud removal, apply 30 g / plant of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer 10 times / month and 500 g / plant of organic fermented liquid fertilizer diluted in 4-5 kg ​​of water. Within 7 months after bud removal, apply 30 g / plant of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer 7 times. Within 8 months after bud removal, apply 30 g / plant of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer 3 times.

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