Selective laser melting additive and subtractive material integrated composite manufacturing device and method based on nickel or nickel-based alloy

Abstract

The invention discloses a selective laser melting additive and subtractive integrated composite manufacturing device and method based on nickel or nickel-based alloy, and relates to an additive and subtractive composite manufacturing device and method. The problems that an existing nickel-based alloy selective laser melting device cannot achieve integration of selective laser melting and milling, and manual powder cleaning is needed are solved. The device is composed of a selective laser melting device and a milling indoor milling machine. A forming chamber of the selective laser melting device is communicated with a milling chamber; a milling cutter and an air duct are mounted on a milling head of a milling machine in the milling chamber; an electromagnet chamber and an electromagnet are arranged below the milling chamber; and residual powder storage bins are arranged on two sides outside the electromagnet chamber. According to the invention, material increase and decrease multi-time composite processing integration of nickel or nickel-based alloy components can be realized, automatic powder cleaning in the selective laser melting processing process can be realized, manual participation is reduced, and the production efficiency is improved. And the cleaned powder can fall into the residual powder storage bin, so that pollution-free recovery is realized, and the comprehensive production cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to an additive and subtractive composite manufacturing device and method. Background Art

[0002] Additive manufacturing (AM) is a technology that uses materials to accumulate layer by layer to manufacture parts. Additive manufacturing can be divided into laser additive manufacturing, electron beam additive manufacturing and arc additive manufacturing according to different heat sources. Among them, laser additive manufacturing mainly includes two types: selective laser melting (SLM) and laser melting deposition (LMD). Nickel-based alloy is an alloy with excellent performance and stability obtained by adding other alloy elements such as iron and cobalt to nickel as a base. It is widely used in the manufacture of parts in the fields of aerospace, energy, petrochemicals, etc. With the development of engineering technology, traditional processing methods such as casting are no longer suitable for production applications. Faced with the increasing requirements for lightweighting, the combination of nickel-based alloys and technologies such as additive manufacturing can achieve better performance. For most nickel-based alloy processing, the molding process only has one link, SLM, that is, to realize additive printing components. Some studies have combined milling with additives, that is, to realize additive and subtractive composite manufacturing of alloys, which can not only improve the surface finish, but also improve the residual stress distribution during the milling process, thereby obtaining components with better comprehensive performance. However, there is a general lack of mechanical equipment that integrates laser selective melting and milling for nickel-based high-temperature alloys on the market. On the one hand, there is little research and application of additive and subtractive composite manufacturing. On the other hand, the powder cleaning of selective laser melting mainly relies on manual labor, which makes it difficult to achieve automatic powder cleaning and directly combine it with subtractive material. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve the problem that the existing nickel-based alloy selective laser melting device cannot realize the integration of laser selective melting and milling, and requires manual powder cleaning, the present invention proposes a selective laser melting additive and subtractive material integrated composite manufacturing device and method based on nickel or nickel-based alloy.

[0004] The invention discloses a selective laser melting additive and subtractive material integrated composite manufacturing device based on nickel or nickel-based alloy, which is composed of a laser selective melting device and a milling machine (3); the milling machine (3) is arranged in a milling chamber (2); a forming chamber (1) of the laser selective melting device is connected to the milling chamber (2); a lifting door (19) is arranged at the connecting position; an additive powder laying system groove (4) and a laser (29) are arranged in the forming chamber (1) of the laser selective melting device; the upper end of the additive powder laying system groove (4) is open; the additive powder laying system groove The bottom of the (4) is a flat bottom plate, a powder spreading port (8) is opened on the left side of the flat bottom plate, a powder outlet (5) is opened on the right side of the flat bottom plate, a powder supply cylinder (11) is arranged below the powder outlet (5), a scraper (7) is arranged in the additive powder spreading groove (4), the scraper (7) is installed on the slideway (6), and the bottom of the scraper (7) contacts the bottom of the additive powder spreading groove (4); a first lifting platform (10) is arranged in the powder supply cylinder (11), and a first hydraulic cylinder (11) is arranged below the first lifting platform (10). 2), a first lifting platform (10) in a powder supply cylinder (11) is filled with metal powder (9); a second lifting platform (16) is arranged below a powder spreading port (8), a second hydraulic cylinder (17) is arranged below the second lifting platform (16), a base plate (15) is arranged on the top of the second lifting platform (16); a pushing device (13) is arranged on the right side of the second lifting platform (16), a first conveyor belt (18) is arranged on the left side of the second lifting platform (16), and a lifting door (19) is arranged on the left side of the milling chamber (2). A second conveyor belt (23) is arranged at the same height as the first conveyor belt (18); a milling head (24) of a milling machine (3) is arranged above the second conveyor belt (23); a milling cutter (26) is installed on the milling head (24); and a plurality of air ducts (25) are arranged around the milling cutter (26) on the side of the milling head (24); an electromagnet chamber (22) is arranged below the second conveyor belt (23); an electromagnet (21) is arranged in the electromagnet chamber (22); and residual powder storage bins (20) are arranged on both sides of the outside of the electromagnet chamber (22).

[0005] The method for performing additive and subtractive integrated composite manufacturing using a selective laser melting additive and subtractive integrated composite manufacturing device based on nickel or nickel-based alloy is carried out in the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: introducing a protective gas into a molding chamber (1) of a laser selective melting device, and then spreading powder;

[0007] The powder spreading method comprises: using a first hydraulic cylinder (12) to raise a first lifting platform (10), allowing metal powder (9) in a powder supply cylinder (11) to enter an additive powder spreading groove (4), an upper surface of a substrate (15) to be in close contact with a lower end of a powder spreading opening (8), and using a scraper (7) to scrape the metal powder (9) entering the additive powder spreading groove (4) into the upper surface of the substrate (15) in the powder spreading opening (8);

[0008] Step 2: The laser (29) scans the metal powder (9) on the substrate (15) according to the designed path to melt the metal powder (9);

[0009] Step 3: After scanning, the substrate (15) is lowered and the powder spreading and scanning are repeated until an additive part (14) is obtained;

[0010] Step 4: using the pushing device (13) to push the substrate (15) and the additive component (14) onto the first conveyor belt (18), and then using the first conveyor belt (18) to transport the substrate (15) and the additive component (14) onto the second conveyor belt (23);

[0011] Step 5: The electromagnet (21) in the electromagnet chamber (22) is energized to generate a magnetic field, the substrate (15) and the additive component (14) are in the magnetic field, and the unmelted metal powder (9) on the additive component (14) is magnetized; then the magnetic pole direction of the electromagnet (21) is changed to loosen the unmelted metal powder (9) on the additive component (14); then the substrate (15) and the additive component (14) are purged through the air duct (25), so that the unmelted metal powder (9) is separated and falls into the residual powder storage bin (20);

[0012] Step 6: Using a milling cutter (26) to perform milling processing on the additive component (14);

[0013] Step 7: After the milling process is completed, the running directions of the second conveyor belt (23) and the first conveyor belt (18) are changed to transport the substrate (15) and the additive component (14) back to the molding chamber (1) of the laser selective melting device.

[0014] The principles and beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0015] 1. The present invention can realize the integration of multiple composite processing of adding and subtracting materials for nickel or nickel-based alloy components, achieve the improvement of the surface accuracy of the structural parts and the adjustment of the residual stress of the components, and also eliminate the time consumption of adding materials and then sending them to other processing locations for subtraction. In addition, the residual stress state can be changed by adding and subtracting materials, thereby improving various aspects of the performance of the structural parts.

[0016] 2. Aiming at the powder cleaning problem in the existing SLM processing process, the present invention can reduce manual participation, save a lot of time, reduce the harm of nickel metal powder to people, improve the working environment of workers, and improve production efficiency. The cleaned powder can fall into the residual powder storage bin to achieve pollution-free recycling.

[0017] In summary, the SLM additive and subtractive composite manufacturing device and subtractive composite manufacturing method based on nickel or nickel-based alloy of the present invention can not only realize multiple composite manufacturing, but also reduce manual participation in powder cleaning, thereby improving production efficiency and reducing comprehensive production costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the integrated composite manufacturing device of selective laser melting additive and subtractive materials based on nickel or nickel-based alloys of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the specific implementation modes listed below, but also includes any reasonable combination of the specific implementation modes.

[0020] Specific implementation method 1: In this implementation method, the selective laser melting additive and subtractive material integrated composite manufacturing device based on nickel or nickel-based alloy is composed of a laser selective melting device and a milling machine (3); the milling machine (3) is arranged in a milling chamber (2), and the molding chamber (1) of the laser selective melting device is connected to the milling chamber (2), and a lifting door (19) is arranged at the connecting position; the molding chamber (1) of the laser selective melting device is provided with an additive powder system groove (4) and a laser (29), and the upper end of the additive powder system groove (4) is open The bottom of the additive powder spreading system trough (4) is a flat bottom plate, a powder spreading port (8) is opened on the left side of the flat bottom plate, a powder outlet (5) is opened on the right side of the flat bottom plate, a powder supply cylinder (11) is arranged below the powder outlet (5), a scraper (7) is arranged in the additive powder spreading system trough (4), the scraper (7) is installed on the slideway (6), and the bottom of the scraper (7) is in contact with the bottom of the additive powder spreading system trough (4); a first lifting platform (10) is arranged in the powder supply cylinder (11), and a first lifting platform (10) is arranged below the first lifting platform (10) A hydraulic cylinder (12), a first lifting platform (10) in a powder supply cylinder (11) is filled with metal powder (9); a second lifting platform (16) is arranged below a powder spreading port (8), a second hydraulic cylinder (17) is arranged below the second lifting platform (16), a base plate (15) is arranged on the top of the second lifting platform (16); a pushing device (13) is arranged on the right side of the second lifting platform (16), a first conveyor belt (18) is arranged on the left side of the second lifting platform (16), and a lifting door (19) is arranged on the left side of the milling chamber (2). A second conveyor belt (23) having the same height as the first conveyor belt (18) is arranged on the side; a milling head (24) of the milling machine (3) is arranged above the second conveyor belt (23); a milling cutter (26) is installed on the milling head (24); and a plurality of air ducts (25) are arranged around the milling cutter (26) on the side of the milling head (24); an electromagnet chamber (22) is arranged below the second conveyor belt (23); an electromagnet (21) is arranged in the electromagnet chamber (22); and residual powder storage bins (20) are arranged on both sides of the outside of the electromagnet chamber (22).

[0021] This implementation has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. This embodiment can realize the integration of multiple composite processing of adding and subtracting materials for nickel or nickel-based alloy components, achieve the improvement of the surface accuracy of the structural parts and the adjustment of the residual stress of the components, and also avoid the time consumption of adding materials and then sending them to other processing locations for subtraction. In addition, the residual stress state can be changed through the composite of adding and subtracting materials, thereby improving various aspects of the performance of the structural parts.

[0023] 2. In view of the powder cleaning problem in the existing SLM processing process, this implementation method can reduce manual participation, save a lot of time, reduce the harm of nickel metal powder to people, improve the working environment of workers, and improve production efficiency. The cleaned powder can fall into the residual powder storage bin to achieve pollution-free recycling.

[0024] In summary, the SLM additive and subtractive composite manufacturing device and subtractive composite manufacturing method based on nickel or nickel-based alloy in this embodiment can not only realize multiple composite manufacturing, but also reduce manual participation in powder cleaning, thereby improving production efficiency and reducing comprehensive production costs.

[0025] Specific implementation method 2: This implementation method is different from specific implementation method 1 in that the side of the first lifting platform (10) is in close contact with the inner wall of the powder supply cylinder (11).

[0026] Specific implementation method three: This implementation method is different from specific implementation methods one or two in that a protective gas inlet (27) is provided at the upper left side of the molding chamber (1) of the laser selective melting device.

[0027] Specific embodiment 4: This embodiment differs from any one of specific embodiments 1 to 3 in that a protective gas outlet (28) is provided at the lower right side of the molding chamber (1) of the laser selective melting device.

[0028] Specific implementation method five: This implementation method is different from any one of specific implementation methods one to four in that: the pushing device (13) is a pneumatic push rod or a hydraulic push rod.

[0029] Specific implementation method six: This implementation method is different from any one of specific implementation methods one to five in that: the wind tube (25) is arranged vertically, and the air outlet of the wind tube (25) faces downward.

[0030] Specific implementation method seven: In this implementation method, the method for performing additive and subtractive integrated composite manufacturing using a selective laser melting additive and subtractive integrated composite manufacturing device based on nickel or nickel-based alloy is carried out according to the following steps:

[0031] Step 1: introducing a protective gas into a molding chamber (1) of a laser selective melting device, and then spreading powder;

[0032] The powder spreading method comprises: using a first hydraulic cylinder (12) to raise a first lifting platform (10), allowing metal powder (9) in a powder supply cylinder (11) to enter an additive powder spreading groove (4), an upper surface of a substrate (15) to be in close contact with a lower end of a powder spreading opening (8), and using a scraper (7) to scrape the metal powder (9) entering the additive powder spreading groove (4) into the upper surface of the substrate (15) in the powder spreading opening (8);

[0033] Step 2: The laser (29) scans the metal powder (9) on the substrate (15) according to the designed path to melt the metal powder (9);

[0034] Step 3: After scanning, the substrate (15) is lowered and the powder spreading and scanning are repeated until an additive part (14) is obtained;

[0035] Step 4: using the pushing device (13) to push the substrate (15) and the additive component (14) onto the first conveyor belt (18), and then using the first conveyor belt (18) to transport the substrate (15) and the additive component (14) onto the second conveyor belt (23);

[0036] Step 5: The electromagnet (21) in the electromagnet chamber (22) is energized to generate a magnetic field, the substrate (15) and the additive component (14) are in the magnetic field, and the unmelted metal powder (9) on the additive component (14) is magnetized; then the magnetic pole direction of the electromagnet (21) is changed to loosen the unmelted metal powder (9) on the additive component (14); then the substrate (15) and the additive component (14) are purged through the air duct (25), so that the unmelted metal powder (9) is separated and falls into the residual powder storage bin (20);

[0037] Step 6: Using a milling cutter (26) to perform milling processing on the additive component (14);

[0038] Step 7: After the milling process is completed, the running directions of the second conveyor belt (23) and the first conveyor belt (18) are changed to transport the substrate (15) and the additive component (14) back to the molding chamber (1) of the laser selective melting device.

[0039] 1. This embodiment can realize the integration of multiple composite processing of adding and subtracting materials for nickel or nickel-based alloy components, achieve the improvement of the surface accuracy of the structural parts and the adjustment of the residual stress of the components, and also avoid the time consumption of adding materials and then sending them to other processing locations for subtraction. In addition, the residual stress state can be changed through the composite of adding and subtracting materials, thereby improving various aspects of the performance of the structural parts.

[0040] 2. In view of the powder cleaning problem in the existing SLM processing process, this implementation method can reduce manual participation, save a lot of time, reduce the harm of nickel metal powder to people, improve the working environment of workers, and improve production efficiency. The cleaned powder can fall into the residual powder storage bin to achieve pollution-free recycling.

[0041] In summary, the SLM additive and subtractive composite manufacturing device and subtractive composite manufacturing method based on nickel or nickel-based alloy in this embodiment can not only realize multiple composite manufacturing, but also reduce manual participation in powder cleaning, thereby improving production efficiency and reducing comprehensive production costs.

[0042] Specific implementation eight: This implementation differs from specific implementation seven in that: the protective gas is argon.

[0043] Specific embodiment 9: This embodiment is different from specific embodiment 7 in that the metal powder (9) is nickel powder.

[0044] Specific embodiment ten: This embodiment differs from specific embodiment seven in that the metal powder (9) is nickel-based alloy powder.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] Combination Figure 1The present embodiment is described. The present embodiment is a selective laser melting additive and subtractive material integrated composite manufacturing device based on nickel or nickel-based alloy, which is composed of a laser selective melting device and a milling machine (3); the milling machine (3) is arranged in a milling chamber (2); the molding chamber (1) of the laser selective melting device is connected to the milling chamber (2), and a lifting door (19) is arranged at the connecting position; an additive powder spreading system groove (4) and a laser (29) are arranged in the molding chamber (1) of the laser selective melting device; the upper end of the additive powder spreading system groove (4) is open, and the bottom of the additive powder spreading system groove (4) is a flat bottom plate, and a powder spreading opening (8) is opened on the left side of the flat bottom plate. A powder outlet (5) is provided on the right side of the plane bottom plate, a powder supply cylinder (11) is provided at the lower part of the powder outlet (5), a scraper (7) is provided in the additive powder spreading groove (4), the scraper (7) is installed on the slideway (6), and the bottom of the scraper (7) is in contact with the bottom of the additive powder spreading groove (4); a first lifting platform (10) is provided in the powder supply cylinder (11), and the side of the first lifting platform (10) is in close contact with the inner wall of the powder supply cylinder (11); a first hydraulic cylinder (12) is provided below the first lifting platform (10), and the first lifting platform (10) in the powder supply cylinder (11) is filled with metal powder (9); the powder spreading outlet (11) is provided with a first lifting platform (10) and a first lifting platform (10) is provided in the powder supply cylinder (11). 8) is provided below a second lifting platform (16), a second hydraulic cylinder (17) is provided below the second lifting platform (16), and a base plate (15) is provided on the upper part of the second lifting platform (16); a pushing device (13) is provided on the right side of the second lifting platform (16), and the pushing device (13) is a hydraulic push rod; a first conveyor belt (18) is provided on the left side of the second lifting platform (16), and a second conveyor belt (23) of the same height as the first conveyor belt (18) is provided on the left side of the lifting door (19) in the milling chamber (2), and a milling head (24) of the milling machine (3) is provided above the second conveyor belt (23), and a A milling cutter (26) is installed, and a plurality of air ducts (25) are arranged around the side milling cutter (26) of the milling head (24); the air duct (25) is arranged vertically, and the air outlet of the air duct (25) faces downward; an electromagnet chamber (22) is arranged below the second conveyor belt (23), and an electromagnet (21) is arranged in the electromagnet chamber (22); both sides of the outside of the electromagnet chamber (22) are residual powder storage bins (20); a protective gas inlet (27) is arranged at the upper left side of the molding chamber (1) of the laser selective melting device; and a protective gas outlet (28) is arranged at the lower right side of the molding chamber (1) of the laser selective melting device;

[0047] The method for performing additive and subtractive integrated composite manufacturing using a selective laser melting additive and subtractive integrated composite manufacturing device based on nickel or nickel-based alloy is carried out in the following steps:

[0048] Step 1: introducing a protective gas into a molding chamber (1) of a laser selective melting device, and then spreading powder;

[0049] The powder spreading method comprises: using a first hydraulic cylinder (12) to raise a first lifting platform (10), allowing metal powder (9) in a powder supply cylinder (11) to enter an additive powder spreading groove (4), the upper surface of a substrate (15) being in close contact with the lower end of a powder spreading opening (8), and using a scraper (7) to scrape the metal powder (9) entering the additive powder spreading groove (4) into the upper surface of the substrate (15) in the powder spreading opening (8); the protective gas is argon gas;

[0050] Step 2: a laser (29) scans the metal powder (9) on the substrate (15) according to a designed path to melt the metal powder (9); the metal powder (9) is a nickel-based alloy powder;

[0051] Step 3: After scanning, the substrate (15) is lowered and the powder spreading and scanning are repeated until an additive part (14) is obtained;

[0052] Step 4: using the pushing device (13) to push the substrate (15) and the additive component (14) onto the first conveyor belt (18), and then using the first conveyor belt (18) to transport the substrate (15) and the additive component (14) onto the second conveyor belt (23);

[0053] Step 5: The electromagnet (21) in the electromagnet chamber (22) is energized to generate a magnetic field, the substrate (15) and the additive component (14) are in the magnetic field, and the unmelted metal powder (9) on the additive component (14) is magnetized; then the magnetic pole direction of the electromagnet (21) is changed, and the magnetic field generates a short-term repulsive force on the magnetized metal powder (9), so that the unmelted metal powder (9) on the additive component (14) is loosened, and then the substrate (15) and the additive component (14) are purged through the air duct (25), so that the unmelted metal powder (9) is separated and falls into the residual powder storage bin (20);

[0054] Step 6: Using a milling cutter (26) to perform milling processing on the additive component (14);

[0055] Step 7: After the milling process is completed, the running directions of the second conveyor belt (23) and the first conveyor belt (18) are changed to transport the substrate (15) and the additive component (14) back to the molding chamber (1) of the laser selective melting device.

[0056] This embodiment can realize the integration of multiple composite processing of additive and subtractive materials for nickel or nickel-based alloy components, achieve the improvement of the surface accuracy of structural parts and the adjustment of residual stress of components, and also eliminate the time consumption of adding materials first and then sending them to other processing locations for subtraction. In addition, the residual stress state can be changed through the composite of additive and subtractive materials, and the various performances of structural parts can be improved. This embodiment can reduce manual participation, save a lot of time, reduce the harm of nickel metal powder to people, improve the working environment of workers, and improve production efficiency. The cleaned powder can fall into the residual powder storage bin to achieve pollution-free recycling. In summary, through the selective laser melting additive and subtractive composite manufacturing device and subtractive composite manufacturing method based on nickel or nickel-based alloys in this embodiment, multiple composite manufacturing can be achieved, and manual participation in powder cleaning can be reduced, thereby improving production efficiency and reducing comprehensive production costs.

Claims

1. A selective laser melting additive and subtractive composite manufacturing device based on nickel or nickel-based alloy, characterized in that: The selective laser melting additive and subtractive integrated composite manufacturing device based on nickel or nickel-based alloy is composed of a laser selective melting device and a milling machine (3); the milling machine (3) is arranged in a milling chamber (2); the molding chamber (1) of the laser selective melting device is connected to the milling chamber (2), and a lifting door (19) is arranged at the connecting position; the molding chamber (1) of the laser selective melting device is provided with an additive powder system groove (4) and a laser (29); the upper end of the additive powder system groove (4) is open, and the additive powder system groove (4) is provided with a ) is a flat bottom plate, a powder spreading port (8) is provided on the left side of the flat bottom plate, a powder outlet (5) is provided on the right side of the flat bottom plate, a powder supply cylinder (11) is provided below the powder outlet (5), a scraper (7) is provided in the additive powder spreading groove (4), the scraper (7) is installed on the slideway (6), and the bottom of the scraper (7) contacts the bottom of the additive powder spreading groove (4); a first lifting platform (10) is provided in the powder supply cylinder (11), and a first hydraulic cylinder (12) is provided below the first lifting platform (10) ), a first lifting platform (10) in a powder supply cylinder (11) is filled with metal powder (9); a second lifting platform (16) is arranged below a powder spreading port (8), a second hydraulic cylinder (17) is arranged below the second lifting platform (16), a base plate (15) is arranged on the top of the second lifting platform (16); a pushing device (13) is arranged on the right side of the second lifting platform (16), a first conveyor belt (18) is arranged on the left side of the second lifting platform (16), and a lifting door (19) is arranged on the left side of the milling chamber (2). A second conveyor belt (23) is provided at the same height as the first conveyor belt (18); a milling head (24) of a milling machine (3) is provided above the second conveyor belt (23); a milling cutter (26) is installed on the milling head (24); and a plurality of air ducts (25) are provided around the side milling cutter (26) of the milling head (24); an electromagnet chamber (22) is provided below the second conveyor belt (23); an electromagnet (21) is provided in the electromagnet chamber (22); and residual powder storage bins (20) are provided on both sides of the outside of the electromagnet chamber (22).

2. The selective laser melting additive and subtractive material integrated composite manufacturing device based on nickel or nickel-based alloy according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The side edge of the first lifting platform (10) is in close contact with the inner wall of the powder supply cylinder (11).

3. The selective laser melting additive and subtractive material integrated composite manufacturing device based on nickel or nickel-based alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: A protective gas inlet (27) is provided at the upper left side of the molding chamber (1) of the laser selective melting device.

4. The selective laser melting additive and subtractive material integrated composite manufacturing device based on nickel or nickel-based alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: A protective gas outlet (28) is provided at the lower right side of the molding chamber (1) of the laser selective melting device.

5. The selective laser melting additive and subtractive composite manufacturing device based on nickel or nickel-based alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pushing device (13) is a pneumatic push rod or a hydraulic push rod.

6. The selective laser melting additive and subtractive material integrated composite manufacturing device based on nickel or nickel-based alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air duct (25) is arranged vertically, and the air outlet of the air duct (25) faces downward.

7. A method for performing additive and subtractive integrated composite manufacturing using the selective laser melting additive and subtractive integrated composite manufacturing device based on nickel or nickel-based alloy as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The method proceeds as follows: Step 1: introducing a protective gas into a molding chamber (1) of a laser selective melting device, and then spreading powder; The powder spreading method comprises: using a first hydraulic cylinder (12) to raise a first lifting platform (10), allowing metal powder (9) in a powder supply cylinder (11) to enter an additive powder spreading groove (4), an upper surface of a substrate (15) to be in close contact with a lower end of a powder spreading opening (8), and using a scraper (7) to scrape the metal powder (9) entering the additive powder spreading groove (4) into the upper surface of the substrate (15) in the powder spreading opening (8); Step 2: The laser (29) scans the metal powder (9) on the substrate (15) according to the designed path to melt the metal powder (9); Step 3: After scanning, the substrate (15) is lowered and the powder spreading and scanning are repeated until an additive part (14) is obtained; Step 4: using the pushing device (13) to push the substrate (15) and the additive component (14) onto the first conveyor belt (18), and then using the first conveyor belt (18) to transport the substrate (15) and the additive component (14) onto the second conveyor belt (23); Step 5: The electromagnet (21) in the electromagnet chamber (22) is energized to generate a magnetic field, the substrate (15) and the additive component (14) are in the magnetic field, and the unmelted metal powder (9) on the additive component (14) is magnetized; then the magnetic pole direction of the electromagnet (21) is changed to loosen the unmelted metal powder (9) on the additive component (14); then the substrate (15) and the additive component (14) are purged through the air duct (25), so that the unmelted metal powder (9) is separated and falls into the residual powder storage bin (20); Step 6: Using a milling cutter (26) to perform milling processing on the additive component (14); Step 7: After the milling process is completed, the running directions of the second conveyor belt (23) and the first conveyor belt (18) are changed to transport the substrate (15) and the additive component (14) back to the molding chamber (1) of the laser selective melting device.

8. The method for performing additive and subtractive integrated composite manufacturing using a selective laser melting additive and subtractive integrated composite manufacturing device based on nickel or nickel-based alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protective gas is argon.

9. The method for performing additive and subtractive integrated composite manufacturing using a selective laser melting additive and subtractive integrated composite manufacturing device based on nickel or nickel-based alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal powder (9) is nickel powder.

10. The method for performing additive and subtractive integrated composite manufacturing using a selective laser melting additive and subtractive integrated composite manufacturing device based on nickel or nickel-based alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal powder (9) is nickel-based alloy powder.

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