Sound absorption and insulation structure and ship

Abstract

The invention provides a sound-absorbing and sound-insulating structure and a ship, the sound-absorbing and sound-insulating structure comprises a substrate, a first sound-absorbing layer, a grid structure, a second sound-absorbing layer and a flame-retardant layer which are stacked, the sound-absorbing and sound-insulating structure has good heat-insulating performance, can meet the requirement for condensation prevention of a cabin to a certain extent when being applied to the ship cabin, and has good sound-absorbing and sound-insulating performance in the thickness direction of the sound-absorbing and sound-insulating structure. The flame-retardant layer is used for preventing flame from spreading, carbonization occurs in the area in contact with the flame, and after a fire source is moved away, combustion is not continued. The grid structure can enable sound waves to be reflected for multiple times in the structure, and sound insulation and sound absorption performance is achieved. The sound absorption and insulation structure has certain elasticity, can be matched with cabin structure size errors caused by ship body structure assembly, welding and the like during field installation, and can ensure that a designed and estimated sound insulation effect can be obtained through small installation errors; when trepanning and in-situ filling treatment are carried out on interference positions of installation structures such as cables, pipelines and horse feet of the cables, the pipelines and the horse feet of the cables and the sound absorption and insulation structures, the process is simple and convenient.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of noise control, and in particular relates to a sound absorbing and sound insulating structure and a ship. Background Art

[0002] Sound-absorbing and sound-insulating structures are usually widely used in ship cabins. Traditional sound insulation structures are usually composed of hard plates, porous sound-absorbing materials, etc. The traveling sound waves will excite the vibration of the air in the porous sound-absorbing materials. The viscosity of the air will cause part of the kinetic energy to dissipate in the form of heat energy, thereby achieving the sound insulation effect. If a sound insulation structure made of two or more materials with different material properties is used, their respective blocking bands can be avoided. At the same time, when the sound waves enter another medium from a single medium, they will be reflected at the interface of the medium, which can more effectively improve the sound insulation performance. Due to the presence of hard panels in traditional sound insulation structures, when traditional sound insulation structures are installed in areas such as engine rooms with dense cables and pipelines, it is often necessary to open holes and seal at the interference points between the installation structures such as cables, pipelines and their feet and the sound insulation structure, which brings great inconvenience to the on-site construction of the sound insulation structure and affects the quality and progress of on-site construction. Summary of the invention

[0003] The embodiment of the present invention provides a sound absorbing and sound insulating structure, which has good sound absorbing and sound insulating effects.

[0004] The present invention provides a sound absorbing and sound insulating structure, comprising: a substrate, comprising an upper surface and a lower surface arranged opposite to each other, the lower surface of the substrate being connected to the cabin structure; a first sound absorbing layer, comprising an upper surface and a lower surface arranged opposite to each other, the lower surface of the first sound absorbing layer being bonded to the upper surface of the substrate; a grid structure, comprising an upper surface and a lower surface arranged opposite to each other, the lower surface of the grid structure being bonded to the upper surface of the first sound absorbing layer, the grid structure comprising a plurality of through holes, each of the through holes extending from the upper surface to the lower surface; a second sound absorbing layer, comprising an upper surface and a lower surface arranged opposite to each other, the lower surface of the second sound absorbing layer being bonded to the inner surface of the grid structure; and a flame retardant layer being bonded to the upper surface of the second sound absorbing layer.

[0005] In some optional embodiments, a bonding layer is further included, wherein the bonding layer is disposed between the lower surface of the substrate and the inner surface of the cabin structure.

[0006] In some optional embodiments, the material of the substrate is rubber, and the thickness of the substrate 1 in the thickness direction of the sound absorbing and sound insulating structure is 2 mm-5 mm.

[0007] In some optional embodiments, the first sound absorbing layer is made of polyimide foam or rock wool.

[0008] In some optional embodiments, in the thickness direction of the sound absorbing and sound insulating structure, the thickness of the first sound absorbing layer is 8 mm-12 mm.

[0009] In some optional embodiments, the cross-sectional shape of each through hole formed by the grid structure is circular, elliptical or polygonal, and the thickness of the grid structure in the thickness direction of the sound absorbing and sound insulating structure is 18 mm-25 mm.

[0010] In some optional embodiments, the second sound absorbing layer is made of polyimide foam or rock wool.

[0011] In some optional embodiments, in the thickness direction of the sound absorbing and sound insulating structure, the thickness of the second sound absorbing layer is 8 mm-12 mm.

[0012] In some optional embodiments, the flame retardant layer is provided with multiple layers, the multiple flame retardant layers are stacked, and the material of each flame retardant layer is flame retardant white cloth.

[0013] In another aspect, a ship comprises any of the above mentioned sound absorbing and sound insulating structures.

[0014] The beneficial effects brought by the present invention are as follows:

[0015] It can be seen from the above scheme that the embodiment of the present invention provides a sound-absorbing and sound-insulating structure, which includes a substrate, a first sound-absorbing layer, a grid structure, a second sound-absorbing layer and a flame-retardant layer. The substrate, the first sound-absorbing layer, the grid structure, the second sound-absorbing layer and the flame-retardant layer are stacked and have good thermal insulation performance. When used in a ship cabin, it can take into account the need for cabin anti-condensation to a certain extent. In the thickness direction of the sound-absorbing and sound-insulating structure, the flame-retardant layer is used to prevent the spread of flames, and carbonization occurs in the area in contact with the flame. When the fire source is removed, the flame-retardant cloth no longer continues to burn. The grid structure can cause sound waves to be reflected multiple times inside the structure, thereby having good sound insulation and sound absorption performance. The first sound-absorbing layer, the grid structure and the second sound-absorbing layer are stacked, so that the entire sound-absorbing and sound-insulating structure has a certain degree of flexibility. During on-site installation, it can match the cabin structure size error caused by hull structure assembly and welding, and can ensure a small installation error to obtain the sound insulation effect estimated by the design. When opening holes and filling in situ at the interference points between installation structures such as cables, pipelines and their feet and the sound-absorbing and sound-insulating structures, the process is simple and convenient. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of a sound absorbing and sound insulating structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 for Figure 1A schematic diagram of the installation structure of a sound absorbing and sound insulating structure of the provided embodiment;

[0018] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a grid structure of the provided embodiment;

[0019] Figure 4 for Figure 1 A graph showing the relationship between frequency and sound insulation of the sound absorbing and sound insulating structures of the provided embodiments;

[0020] Figure 5 for Figure 1 A graph showing the relationship between frequency and sound absorption coefficient for the sound absorbing and sound insulating structures of the provided embodiments.

[0021] In the figure, 1-substrate; 2-first sound absorbing layer; 3-grid structure; 31-through hole; 4-second sound absorbing layer; 5-flame retardant layer; 6-adhesive layer; 7-cabin structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiment of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiment is a part of the embodiment of the present invention, not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] Sound-absorbing and sound-insulating structures are usually widely used in ship cabins. Traditional sound insulation structures are usually composed of hard plates, porous sound-absorbing materials, etc. The traveling sound waves will excite the vibration of the air in the porous sound-absorbing materials. The viscosity of the air will cause part of the kinetic energy to dissipate in the form of heat energy, thereby achieving the sound insulation effect. If a sound insulation structure made of two or more materials with different material properties is used, their respective blocking bands can be avoided. At the same time, when the sound waves enter another medium from a single medium, they will be reflected at the interface of the medium, which can more effectively improve the sound insulation performance. Due to the presence of hard panels in traditional sound insulation structures, when traditional sound insulation structures are installed in areas such as engine rooms with dense cables and pipelines, it is often necessary to open holes and seal at the interference points between the installation structures such as cables, pipelines and their feet and the sound insulation structure, which brings great inconvenience to the on-site construction of the sound insulation structure and affects the quality and progress of on-site construction.

[0024] The embodiment of the present invention provides a sound absorbing and sound insulating structure, which has good sound absorbing and sound insulating effects.

[0025] The following is combined with the accompanying drawings of the specification Figure 1 to Figure 5 The sound absorbing and sound insulating structures are described in detail.

[0026] The present application provides a sound absorbing and sound insulating structure, which includes: a substrate 1, including an upper surface and a lower surface arranged opposite to each other, and the lower surface of the substrate 1 is connected to a cabin structure 7; a first sound absorbing layer 2, including an upper surface and a lower surface arranged opposite to each other, and the lower surface of the first sound absorbing layer 2 is bonded to the upper surface of the substrate 1; a grid structure 3, including an upper surface and a lower surface arranged opposite to each other, and the lower surface of the grid structure 3 is bonded to the upper surface of the first sound absorbing layer 2, and the grid structure 3 includes a plurality of through holes 31, and each through hole 31 extends from the upper surface to the lower surface; a second sound absorbing layer 4, including an upper surface and a lower surface arranged opposite to each other, and the lower surface of the second sound absorbing layer 4 is bonded to the inner surface of the grid structure 3; and a flame retardant layer 5 is bonded to the upper surface of the second sound absorbing layer 4.

[0027] Specifically, the sound-absorbing and sound-insulating structure includes a substrate 1, a first sound-absorbing layer 2, a grid structure 3, a second sound-absorbing layer 4 and a flame-retardant layer 5. The substrate 1, the first sound-absorbing layer 2, the grid structure 3, the second sound-absorbing layer 4 and the flame-retardant layer 5 are stacked and have good thermal insulation performance. When used in a ship cabin, it can take into account the cabin anti-condensation requirements to a certain extent. In the thickness direction of the sound-absorbing and sound-insulating structure, the flame-retardant layer 5 is used to prevent the spread of flames, and carbonization occurs in the area in contact with the flame. When the fire source is removed, the flame-retardant layer 5 no longer continues to burn. The grid structure 3 can cause sound waves to be reflected multiple times inside the structure, thereby having good sound insulation and sound absorption performance. The first sound-absorbing layer 2, the grid structure 3 and the second sound-absorbing layer 4 are stacked, so that the entire sound-absorbing and sound-insulating structure has a certain degree of flexibility. During on-site installation, it can match the size error of the cabin structure 7 caused by the assembly and welding of the hull structure, and can ensure that the sound insulation effect estimated by the design is obtained with a small installation error. When opening holes and filling in situ at the interference points between the installation structures such as cables, pipelines and their feet and the sound-absorbing and sound-insulating structures, the process is simple and convenient.

[0028] In some optional embodiments, the sound absorbing and sound insulating structure further includes an adhesive layer 6 , which is disposed between the lower surface of the substrate 1 and the inner surface of the cabin structure 7 .

[0029] Specifically, the adhesive layer 6 is arranged between the lower surface of the substrate 1 and the inner surface of the cabin structure 7. The adhesive layer 6 contacts the lower surface of the substrate 1 and the inner surface of the cabin structure 7 respectively, and is used to bond the sound absorbing and sound insulating structure to the inner surface of the cabin structure 7.

[0030] In some optional embodiments, the material of the substrate 1 is rubber, and the thickness of the substrate 1 in the thickness direction of the sound absorbing and sound insulating structure is 2 mm-5 mm.

[0031] Specifically, the rubber substrate has strong adaptability, and the rubber substrate has strong adaptability to the cabin structure 7, and can be used for lining more complex special-shaped components. The rubber substrate has good wear resistance and impact resistance, can withstand high load and high friction environments, and is suitable for industrial applications that need to withstand heavy pressure and friction. The rubber substrate has good corrosion resistance, and the rubber substrate has excellent corrosion resistance to many chemicals and solvents, and can be used in harsh environments without being affected. The rubber substrate has good sound insulation and shock absorption properties, which can reduce noise and vibration and improve the operating efficiency and comfort of the equipment. The rubber substrate is easy to install on the inner surface of the cabin structure 7, the rubber substrate is light in weight, and no special tools are required for installation, which reduces downtime and improves the operating efficiency of the enterprise. The rubber substrate has good economy: the price of the rubber substrate is low, the performance-price ratio is competitive, and it is suitable for large-scale applications.

[0032] In some optional embodiments, the first sound absorbing layer 2 is made of polyimide foam or rock wool.

[0033] Specifically, the first sound-absorbing layer 2 is made of polyimide foam or rock wool and does not contain metal plates. The overall structure has a certain elasticity and can match the size error of the cabin structure 7 caused by hull structure assembly and welding during on-site installation, thereby ensuring a small installation error to obtain the sound insulation effect estimated by the design.

[0034] Furthermore, polyimide foam has a high sound attenuation index and a low thermal conductivity index, and is suitable for occasions that require thermal insulation and sound attenuation. Polyimide foam is resistant to high and low temperatures. Polyimide foam can work stably in a temperature range of -180°C to 300°C, and is suitable for extreme temperature environments. Polyimide foam has a lower density and is lighter than traditional foam materials, which can reduce the overall weight of the product. Polyimide foam has high strength. The yield point of polyimide foam is usually higher than 200°C, and it has higher strength, stronger pressure resistance and load-bearing capacity. Polyimide foam has excellent flame retardancy and can effectively prevent fire accidents. Polyimide foam has the characteristics of radiation resistance, environmental protection and non-toxicity.

[0035] Furthermore, the main advantages of rock wool include heat preservation, fire insulation and sound absorption. Rock wool products are made of high-quality basalt, dolomite and other materials as the main raw materials. After high-temperature melting, they form inorganic fibers with the characteristics of light weight, low thermal conductivity, heat absorption and non-combustibility.

[0036] In some optional embodiments, in the thickness direction of the sound absorption and sound insulation structure, the thickness of the first sound absorption layer 2 is 8 mm to 12 mm. The thickness of the first sound absorption layer 2 can be appropriately adjusted according to the requirements of sound absorption and sound insulation performance.

[0037] In some optional embodiments, the cross-sectional shape of each through hole 31 formed by the grid structure 3 is circular, elliptical or polygonal, and the thickness of the grid structure 3 in the thickness direction of the sound absorbing and sound insulating structure is 18 mm-25 mm.

[0038] Specifically, the cross-sectional shapes of the through holes 31 formed by the grid structure 3 are circular, elliptical and polygonal, and the cavity structure can cause the sound waves to be reflected multiple times inside the structure, so that the product has better sound insulation and sound absorption performance.

[0039] In some optional embodiments, the second sound absorbing layer 4 is made of polyimide foam or rock wool.

[0040] Specifically, the second sound-absorbing layer 4 is made of polyimide foam or rock wool and does not contain metal plates. The overall structure has a certain elasticity and can match the size error of the cabin structure 7 caused by hull structure assembly and welding during on-site installation, thereby ensuring a small installation error to obtain the sound insulation effect estimated by the design.

[0041] Furthermore, polyimide foam has a high sound attenuation index and a low thermal conductivity index, and is suitable for occasions that require thermal insulation and sound attenuation. Polyimide foam is resistant to high and low temperatures. Polyimide foam can work stably in a temperature range of -180°C to 300°C, and is suitable for extreme temperature environments. Polyimide foam has a lower density and is lighter than traditional foam materials, which can reduce the overall weight of the product. Polyimide foam has high strength. The yield point of polyimide foam is usually higher than 200°C, and it has higher strength, stronger pressure resistance and load-bearing capacity. Polyimide foam has excellent flame retardancy and can effectively prevent fire accidents. Polyimide foam has the characteristics of radiation resistance, environmental protection and non-toxicity.

[0042] Furthermore, the main advantages of rock wool include heat preservation, fire insulation and sound absorption. Rock wool products are made of high-quality basalt, dolomite and other materials as the main raw materials. After high-temperature melting, they form inorganic fibers with the characteristics of light weight, low thermal conductivity, heat absorption and non-combustibility.

[0043] In some optional embodiments, in the thickness direction of the sound absorbing and sound insulating structure, the thickness of the second sound absorbing layer 4 is 8 mm to 12 mm. The thickness of the second sound absorbing layer 4 can be appropriately adjusted according to the requirements of the sound absorbing and sound insulating performance.

[0044] In some optional embodiments, the flame retardant layer 5 is provided with multiple layers, and the multiple flame retardant layers 5 are stacked, and the material of each flame retardant layer 5 is flame retardant white cloth.

[0045] Specifically, the flame retardant layer 5 is used to prevent the spread of flames. Carbonization occurs in the area in contact with the flames. When the fire source is removed, the flame retardant layer 5 no longer continues to burn.

[0046] On the other hand, the present application also provides a ship, comprising any of the above-mentioned sound-absorbing and sound-insulating structures.

[0047] Specifically, the thickness of the first sound absorbing layer 2 and the second sound absorbing layer 4, the mesh structure 3 is made of rubber, the height of the through holes 31 inside the mesh structure 3, the thickness of the rubber substrate, and the laying area and position of the rubber substrate, etc., need to be determined according to the overall control requirements and control scheme of the cabin air noise. First, an adhesive is applied to the surface of the hull cabin structure 7 or the pressure hull where the present invention is to be installed, and then the rubber substrate and the inner surface of the cabin structure 7 are glued together, and the adhesive is cured.

[0048] The above are preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sound absorbing and sound insulating structure, characterized in that: include: A substrate (1) comprising an upper surface and a lower surface arranged opposite to each other, wherein the lower surface of the substrate (1) is connected to the cabin structure (7); A first sound absorbing layer (2) comprises an upper surface and a lower surface arranged opposite to each other, wherein the lower surface of the first sound absorbing layer (2) is bonded to the upper surface of the substrate (1); A grid structure (3) comprising an upper surface and a lower surface arranged opposite to each other, the lower surface of the grid structure (3) being in contact with the upper surface of the first sound absorbing layer (2), the grid structure (3) comprising a plurality of through holes (31), each of the through holes (31) extending from the upper surface to the lower surface; A second sound absorbing layer (4), comprising an upper surface and a lower surface arranged opposite to each other, wherein the lower surface of the second sound absorbing layer (4) is in contact with the inner surface of the grid structure (3); The flame retardant layer (5) is bonded to the upper surface of the second sound absorbing layer (4).

2. The sound absorbing and sound insulating structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also comprises an adhesive layer (6), wherein the adhesive layer (6) is arranged between the lower surface of the substrate (1) and the inner surface of the cabin structure (7).

3. The sound absorbing and sound insulating structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the substrate (1) is rubber, and in the thickness direction of the sound absorption and sound insulation structure, the thickness of the substrate (1) is 2 mm-5 mm.

4. The sound absorbing and sound insulating structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the first sound-absorbing layer (2) is polyimide foam or rock wool.

5. The sound absorbing and sound insulating structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the thickness direction of the sound absorbing and sound insulating structure, the thickness of the first sound absorbing layer (2) is 8 mm to 12 mm.

6. The sound absorbing and sound insulating structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-sectional shape of each through hole (31) formed by the grid structure (3) is circular, elliptical or polygonal. In the thickness direction of the sound absorbing and sound insulating structure, the thickness of the grid structure (3) is 18 mm to 25 mm.

7. The sound absorbing and sound insulating structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the second sound-absorbing layer (4) is polyimide foam or rock wool.

8. The sound absorbing and sound insulating structure according to claim 8, characterized in that: In the thickness direction of the sound absorbing and sound insulating structure, the thickness of the second sound absorbing layer (4) is 8 mm to 12 mm.

9. The sound absorbing and sound insulating structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flame retardant layer (5) is provided with multiple layers, and the multiple layers of the flame retardant layer (5) are stacked, and the material of each layer of the flame retardant layer (5) is flame retardant white cloth.

10. A ship, characterized in that: The invention comprises the sound absorbing and sound insulating structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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