Molten carbonate fuel cell pyrolysis gasification biomass reaction device and method of fluidized bed electrode

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of fuel cells and biomass utilization, and relates to a biomass pyrolysis gasification reaction device and method for a molten carbonate fuel cell of a fluidized bed electrode. The mass transfer process of biomass and molten electrolyte in the fluidized bed electrode is enhanced, and the battery performance is improved. The gasification and oxidation reaction of the biomass provides fuel for the fuel cell, one part of carbon dioxide generated by electrochemical reaction is supplied to the cathode for reaction, and the rest can be directly sealed and stored. On one hand, molten carbonate and biomass are subjected to a gasification oxidation reaction, and the porosity of biochar is improved; on the other hand, alkali metal ash in the biomass is dissolved, the performance of the biochar is further improved, and meanwhile electric power and heat are co-produced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of fuel cells and biomass utilization, and in particular relates to a molten carbonate fuel cell pyrolysis gasification biomass reaction device and method of a fluidized bed electrode. Background Art

[0002] As the only renewable carbon source, the efficient use of biomass can not only alleviate the energy crisis, but also effectively reduce carbon emissions in the process of energy utilization. Biochar prepared by pyrolysis and gasification can not only be directly applied to adsorption, electrochemistry, metallurgy, fuel and other fields, but also can be used to improve soil quality and achieve negative carbon utilization of biomass. However, the biochar obtained by direct pyrolysis has a low porosity, and the high ash content reduces the quality of the biochar, making it difficult to meet the standards for industrial applications. Therefore, subsequent activation and pore formation, or acid washing and deashing processes are required, which increases the cost and energy consumption of biochar.

[0003] Molten carbonate fuel cells are energy conversion devices that use molten carbonate as electrolyte material. They can directly convert the chemical energy of the fuel into electrical energy. At the same time, due to their high reaction temperature, they can also provide high-quality heat. However, the mass transfer process of the fuel in the liquid electrolyte is relatively slow, which limits the electrochemical reaction rate and performance of the battery.

[0004] Fluidization technology has been widely used in many fields such as energy, environment, and chemical industry. According to the state of the substance, fluidization technology can be divided into: gas-solid phase, solid-liquid phase, and gas-liquid-solid three-phase fluidization. It has the advantages of high heat and mass transfer rate, strong reaction ability, large unit processing capacity, and easy scale-up. It can greatly reduce the operating risks of the device due to uneven reaction and temperature.

[0005] At present, fluidized bed electrodes have been applied in the field of fuel cells. Patent CN102324539A provides a fluidized bed electrode direct carbon fuel cell device, which includes a fluidized bed, two or more tubular single cells, a collector, a composite carbon fuel, a gas circulation device, a screw feeder and a fuel tank. In order to solve the problem of low mass transfer rate in gas-solid phase reaction system, the invention adds a conductor catalyst to the solid carbon fuel on the basis of solid oxide direct carbon fuel cell, so that the direct electrochemical reaction interface of carbon is expanded from two-dimensional to three-dimensional, and can promote the gasification reaction of carbon, thereby improving the battery performance.

[0006] In terms of molten carbonate fuel cells, patent CN113169367B proposes a molten carbonate direct carbon fuel cell system and method, which uses carbon particles as fuel. The fuel supply device is used to allow a fuel slurry having carbon particles and a carbon carrier fluid to flow in parallel to the fuel cell anode, and the carbon is oxidized at the fuel cell anode to produce carbon dioxide, and oxygen and carbon dioxide react at the fuel cell cathode to produce carbonate ions.

[0007] This patent proposes for the first time a molten carbonate fuel cell reaction device with a fluidized bed electrode, which directly pyrolyzes and gasifies biomass to co-produce electricity, heat and high-quality biochar. The mass transfer process between the biomass and the molten electrolyte in the electrode is enhanced by fluidization, thereby improving the battery performance. Biomass is directly used as a raw material. The pyrolysis gas and gasification gas of the biomass provide gaseous fuel for the fuel cell, and the biochar provides solid-phase fuel for the fuel cell. A portion of the carbon dioxide generated by the electrochemical reaction is supplied to the cathode reaction, and the rest can be directly sealed. On the one hand, the molten carbonate undergoes a gasification and oxidation reaction with the biomass to increase the porosity of the biochar; on the other hand, the molten salt can dissolve the alkali metal ash in the biomass, further improving the performance of the biochar, while co-producing electricity and heat, and has broad application prospects. Summary of the invention

[0008] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a molten carbonate fuel cell pyrolysis gasification biomass reaction device and method with a fluidized bed electrode to solve the problems of slow mass transfer rate and poor electrochemical performance in the molten carbonate fuel cell electrode, and at the same time solve the difficult problem that the ash content in the biomass affects the quality of biochar.

[0009] The technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0010] The present invention provides a molten carbonate fuel cell pyrolysis gasification biomass reaction device with a fluidized bed electrode, comprising a first chamber and a second chamber, wherein the first chamber and the second chamber are separated by a diaphragm, the first chamber comprising a fluidized bed anode chamber and a fixed anode, the second chamber comprising a cathode chamber and a cathode, the fixed anode and the cathode are respectively located in the fluidized bed anode chamber and the cathode chamber, the fluidized bed anode chamber is provided with an external pipeline, a circulation pump and a biomass feeding device and a carbon recovery device respectively located at both ends of the circulation pump are provided on the external pipeline, an anode air inlet and an anode air outlet are respectively provided at the bottom and the top of the fluidized bed anode chamber, the external pipeline, the biomass feeding device and the carbon recovery device constitute a liquid-solid circulation device, a cathode air inlet and a cathode air outlet are respectively provided at the bottom and the top of the cathode chamber, an air distribution plate is installed at the air inlet, an active catalyst and an electrolyte material are filled in the fluidized bed anode chamber, and the output end of the fuel cell is connected to an external load system.

[0011] Furthermore, it also includes a heat exchanger, through which the temperature of the gas product is reduced, and the heat released when the temperature is reduced heats water to generate water vapor.

[0012] Furthermore, the diaphragm is made of LiAlO2 material, the cathode is made of LiCoO2 material, and the fixed anode is made of metal nickel material.

[0013] The present invention also provides a polygeneration method of the molten carbonate fuel cell pyrolysis gasification biomass reaction device with fluidized bed electrodes as described above, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: First, electrolyte materials are placed in the anode chamber of the fluidized bed and heated to 400-750°C to form a molten electrolyte. Then, an appropriate amount of active catalyst is dispersed in the molten electrolyte. Start the circulation pump and the biomass feeding device to add the crushed biomass raw materials into the anode chamber of the fluidized bed, selectively feed the anode fluidizing air into the bottom of the anode chamber of the fluidized bed, and feed the mixed gas of air and carbon dioxide into the bottom of the cathode chamber; In the anode chamber of the fluidized bed, the biomass raw material undergoes a pyrolysis and gasification reaction in the molten electrolyte to generate pyrolysis gas and biochar, and the alkali metal salt in the biomass or biochar is dissolved by the molten electrolyte, and the biochar and pyrolysis gas react with the carbonate ions as an oxidant to be oxidized into carbon dioxide and water and release electrons, and the carbon dioxide and water generated at the anode are condensed after heat exchange to obtain high-concentration carbon dioxide as anode fluidizing wind or cathode supplementary gas, and part of the biochar follows the molten electrolyte into the carbon recovery device and is separated, and the separated molten salt continues to be mixed with new biomass raw materials and returns to the anode chamber of the fluidized bed to react; wherein, the anode fluidizing wind is fed into the anode air inlet to control its fluidization number to form gas-liquid-solid bubbling fluidization or the circulation pump flow is controlled to form liquid-solid dispersed fluidization, and the bubbling fluidization or dispersed fluidization promotes the interaction and mass transfer process between the active catalyst particles, the biomass particles and the molten electrolyte, so that the oxygen partial pressure on the surface of the biomass particles is increased, the gasification reaction is strengthened, and the formation of biochar pores is promoted; In the cathode chamber, electrons are received from the anode via an external circuit to undergo an electrochemical reaction, generating carbonate ions to maintain the operation of the fuel cell.

[0014] Furthermore, the water content of the biomass is 0-20%; when in a bubbling fluidized state, the diameter of the crushed biomass raw material is between 300-5000 μm in a wide screening; when in a dispersed fluidized state, the diameter of the crushed biomass raw material is between 200-500 μm in a narrow screening.

[0015] Furthermore, when in the bubbling fluidization state, the gas fluidization number is controlled to be in the range of 3-15; when in the dispersed fluidization state, the circulating pump flow fluidization number is controlled to be in the range of 3-10.

[0016] Furthermore, the anode fluidizing air is water, carbon dioxide or a mixture of water and carbon dioxide.

[0017] Furthermore, the molten electrolyte is a carbonate mixture of 60 wt% Li2CO3 and 40 wt% K2CO3.

[0018] Furthermore, the active catalyst is selected from any one or more of single metal, multi-metal or perovskite materials.

[0019] Furthermore, the active catalyst is selected from metal nickel particles or La 0.6 Sr 0.4 Fe 0.9 Ni 0.1 O 3-δ Any one or more of .

[0020] Beneficial Effects

[0021] The main purpose of the present invention is to use a molten carbonate fuel cell reactor with a fluidized bed electrode to achieve biomass pyrolysis and gasification multi-generation. The biomass is heated in the fluidized bed anode and undergoes pyrolysis and gasification reactions with carbon dioxide or water vapor. The pyrolysis gas and part of the biochar generated by the reaction undergo electrochemical oxidation reactions with the carbonate ions of the anode to generate water vapor and carbon dioxide, and output electricity and heat; the fluidized bed electrode strengthens the mass transfer process between the biomass particles and the molten carbonate and the bubbles, and improves the reaction rate of the biomass and the performance of the battery; the device uses fluidized molten carbonate to efficiently pyrolyze and gasify the biomass, and generates electricity while co-producing biochar. On the one hand, the molten carbonate undergoes gasification and oxidation reactions with the biomass to improve the porosity of the biochar; on the other hand, the molten carbonate can directly dissolve the alkali metal salts in the biomass under high temperature conditions to improve the quality of the biochar.

[0022] The present invention improves the battery performance by forming a bubbling fluidization or dispersed fluidization mass transfer process between the biomass and the molten electrolyte in the electrode in the anode chamber. The gasification and oxidation reactions of the biomass provide fuel for the fuel cell, and part of the high-concentration carbon dioxide generated by the electrochemical reaction is supplied to the cathode reaction, and the rest can be directly sealed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a molten carbonate fuel cell pyrolysis and gasification biomass reaction device with a fluidized bed electrode.

[0024] Explanation of the reference numerals: 1. fluidized bed anode chamber; 2. fixed anode; 3. diaphragm; 4. cathode; 5. cathode chamber; 6. external load; 7. circulation pump; 8. biomass feeding device; 9. carbon recovery device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The specific embodiments of the present invention are further explained below.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] like Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a molten carbonate fuel cell pyrolysis gasification biomass reaction device with a fluidized bed electrode, comprising a first chamber and a second chamber, the first chamber and the second chamber being separated by a diaphragm 3, the first chamber comprising a fluidized bed anode chamber 1 and a fixed anode 2, the second chamber comprising a cathode chamber 5 and a cathode 4, the fixed anode and cathode being respectively located in the fluidized bed anode chamber 1 and the cathode chamber 5, the fluidized bed anode chamber 1 being provided with an external pipeline, the external pipeline being provided with a circulation pump 7 and a biomass feeding device 8 and a carbon recovery device 9 respectively located at both ends of the circulation pump 7, an anode air inlet and an anode air outlet are respectively arranged at the bottom and the top of the fluidized bed anode chamber 1, the fluidized bed anode pipeline, the biomass feeding device 8 and the carbon recovery device 9 constitute a liquid-solid circulation device, a cathode air inlet and a cathode air outlet are respectively arranged at the bottom and the bottom of the cathode chamber 5, an air distribution plate is installed at the anode air inlet, the fluidized bed anode chamber 1 is filled with an active catalyst and an electrolyte material, and the output end of the fuel cell is connected to an external load system.

[0028] In this embodiment, a heat exchanger is also included. The temperature of the gasified product is reduced through the heat exchanger, and the heat released by the reduced temperature is used to heat water to generate water vapor.

[0029] In this embodiment, the diaphragm is made of LiAlO2 material, the cathode is made of LiCoO2 material, and the fixed anode is made of metal nickel material. The electrolyte material is a mixture of 60 wt% Li2CO3 and 40 wt% K2CO3, and the biomass is crushed pine wood particles. The active catalyst is selected from any one or more of a single metal, a multi-metal or a perovskite material.

[0030] Example 2

[0031] The embodiment of the present invention provides a polygeneration method of a molten carbonate fuel cell pyrolysis and gasification biomass reaction device using the fluidized bed electrode described in Example 1, comprising the following steps: First, electrolyte materials are added to the battery and heated to 650°C to form a molten electrolyte. Then, an appropriate amount of 100-200μm Ni active catalyst is dispersed and added to the anode molten electrolyte. The selection of active catalysts mainly considers fluidization and separation. If the particles are too large, they are not easy to fluidize and will be separated together with the biochar, resulting in the loss of the catalyst.

[0032] Taking into account the fluidizing wind disturbance in the bubbling bed, wide-screened biomass is used for fluidization to reduce the cost of biomass crushing and processing. The circulation pump and the biomass feeding device are started to add the crushed biomass raw material (wide screening 300-5000μm, water content 10%) into the anode chamber of the fluidized bed. At the same time, anode fluidizing air (carbon dioxide) is introduced at the bottom of the anode chamber of the fluidized bed. The anode fluidization number is controlled to be 3-15, and the specific anode fluidization number is 5 to form bubbling fluidization. A mixture of air and carbon dioxide is introduced at the bottom of the cathode chamber.

[0033] In the anode chamber of the fluidized bed, the biomass raw materials are heated in the molten electrolyte to undergo pyrolysis reaction, generating pyrolysis gas and biochar. The biochar further undergoes a gasification reaction with the anode fluidized air, increasing the porosity of the biochar. The alkali metal salts in the biomass or biochar dissolve and precipitate in the molten electrolyte, further improving the quality of the biochar. The biochar and pyrolysis gas react electrochemically with the carbonate ions in the anode, oxidizing into carbon dioxide and water and releasing electrons. The carbon dioxide and water generated at the anode are condensed by heat exchange to obtain high-concentration carbon dioxide, which is used as the anode fluidized air or cathode supplementary gas. The unreacted biochar follows the molten electrolyte into the carbon recovery device and is separated. The separated molten salt continues to mix with new biomass raw materials and returns to the anode chamber of the fluidized bed for reaction. The movement of biomass particles in the molten salt accelerates the dissolution process of ash, allowing the alkali metal salts (potassium carbonate) in the biomass to dissolve directly in the electrolyte solution, which not only replenishes the electrolyte solution but also improves the quality of the biochar. After the active catalyst nickel particles come into contact with the fixed anode, new electrochemical reaction active interfaces will be continuously generated, reducing the activation polarization of the battery; the biochar particles and the gas produced by the reaction will have an increased chance of contacting with carbonate ions, and the water and carbon dioxide produced by the electrochemical reaction can also be discharged in time, reducing the concentration polarization loss of the battery and comprehensively improving the performance of the battery. The bubbling fluidization formed by carbon dioxide as the fluidizing air strengthens the interaction and mass transfer process between the fluidizing air, active catalyst particles, biomass particles and molten electrolyte, thereby increasing the oxygen partial pressure on the surface of the biomass particles, inhibiting the carbon deposition reaction on the surface of the active catalyst, strengthening the biomass gasification reaction, and promoting the formation of biochar pores. Compared with the working condition with a fluidization number of 1, the mass yield of biochar decreased from 28.5% to 22.3%. The surface area of ​​biochar was analyzed by the BET (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller) method, and the specific surface area increased from 345m 2 / g increased to 420 m 2 / g. The biochar was tested using the national standard GB / T 28731-2012 solid biomass fuel industrial analysis method. The ash content of the biochar prepared by this method was 0.18%, which was lower than the ash content of pine charcoal prepared by fixed bed pyrolysis (2.2%). The carbon dioxide content of the anode tail gas after cooling was greater than 90%, which could be directly used for carbon capture and utilization.

[0034] In the cathode chamber, electrons are received from the anode via an external circuit to undergo an electrochemical reaction, generating carbonate ions to maintain the operation of the fuel cell.

[0035] During the stable operation stage of the device, biomass is continuously fed from the upper end, and biochar is generated through pyrolysis and gasification reaction. The biochar follows the electrolyte molten salt into the filter device for separation. The separated molten salt continues to mix with new biomass raw materials and returns to the fluidized bed anode chamber for reaction. The pyrolysis gas produced by the biomass and part of the biochar directly undergo electrochemical reactions to generate carbon dioxide, water vapor and electricity.

[0036] Example 3

[0037] The embodiment of the present invention provides a polygeneration method of a molten carbonate fuel cell pyrolysis and gasification biomass reaction device using the fluidized bed electrode described in Example 1, comprising the following steps: First, add electrolyte materials into the battery and heat it to 650 °C to form a molten electrolyte. Then, add an appropriate amount of 100-200 μm La 0.6 Sr 0.4 Fe 0.9 Ni 0.1 O 3-δ The active catalyst of the perovskite material is dispersed and added to the molten electrolyte at the anode.

[0038] Start the circulation pump and the biomass feeding device to add the crushed biomass raw material (narrow screening 200-500μm (the size of the biomass particles is conducive to the dispersion of solids in the molten salt and is more conducive to the formation of dispersed fluidization)), water content 15%) into the anode chamber of the fluidized bed, control the fluidization number of the circulation pump to 3-10, specifically, the fluidization number of the circulation pump is 3, to form dispersed fluidization, and feed air and carbon dioxide mixture into the bottom of the cathode chamber.

[0039] In the anode chamber of the fluidized bed, the biomass raw materials are heated in the molten electrolyte to undergo a pyrolysis reaction, generating pyrolysis gas and biochar. The alkali metal salts in the biomass or biochar dissolve and precipitate in the molten electrolyte, further improving the quality of the biochar. The biochar and pyrolysis gas undergo an electrochemical reaction with the carbonate ions in the anode, oxidizing into carbon dioxide and water and releasing electrons. The carbon dioxide and water generated at the anode are condensed through heat exchange to obtain high-concentration carbon dioxide, which is used as cathode supplementary gas. The unreacted biochar follows the molten electrolyte into the carbon recovery device and is separated. The separated molten salt continues to mix with new biomass raw materials and returns to the anode chamber of the fluidized bed for reaction. The movement of biomass particles in the molten salt accelerates the dissolution process of the ash, allowing the alkali metal salts (potassium carbonate) in the biomass to dissolve directly in the electrolyte solution, which not only replenishes the electrolyte solution, but also improves the quality of the biochar. La 0.6 Sr 0.4 Fe0.9 Ni 0.1 O 3-δ After the perovskite material active catalyst contacts the fixed anode, it will continuously generate new electrochemical reaction active interfaces, reducing the activation polarization of the battery; the biochar particles and the gas produced by the reaction will have an increased chance of contacting with carbonate ions, and the water and carbon dioxide produced by the electrochemical reaction can also be discharged in time, reducing the concentration polarization loss of the battery and comprehensively improving the performance of the battery. The dispersed fluidization formed by controlling the flow rate of the circulating pump strengthens the interaction and mass transfer process between the active catalyst particles, biomass particles and molten electrolyte, and promotes the occurrence of biomass gasification reaction and electrochemical reaction. The use of perovskite material active catalyst is beneficial to reduce the carbon deposition reaction on its surface. Compared with the working condition with a fluidization number of 1, the mass yield of biochar decreased from 28.8% to 24.5%. The BET (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller) method was used to analyze the surface area of ​​biochar, and the specific surface area increased from 314m 2 / g increased to 392 m 2 / g. The biochar was tested using the national standard GB / T 28731-2012 solid biomass fuel industrial analysis method. The ash content of the biochar prepared by this method was 0.32%, which was lower than the ash content of pine charcoal prepared by fixed bed pyrolysis (2.2%). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis and fitting were used to calculate that the concentration polarization of the fuel cell anode decreased by about 30%, indicating that the anode mass transfer process was significantly improved. The carbon dioxide content of the anode tail gas after cooling was greater than 80%, which can be directly used for carbon capture and utilization.

[0040] In the cathode chamber, electrons are received from the anode via an external circuit to undergo an electrochemical reaction, generating carbonate ions to maintain the operation of the fuel cell.

[0041] During the stable operation stage of the device, biomass is continuously fed from the upper end, and biochar is generated through pyrolysis reaction. The biochar follows the electrolyte molten salt into the filter device for separation. The separated molten salt continues to mix with new biomass raw materials and returns to the fluidized bed anode chamber for reaction. The pyrolysis gas produced by the biomass and part of the biochar directly undergo electrochemical reactions to generate carbon dioxide, water vapor and electricity.

[0042] The above specific implementation methods describe the implementation of the present invention in detail. At the same time, it should be pointed out that the present invention is not limited to the specific details in the above implementation methods. Within the scope of the claims and technical concept of the present invention, various simple modifications and changes can be made to the technical solution of the present invention, and these simple variations all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A molten carbonate fuel cell pyrolysis and gasification biomass reaction device with fluidized bed electrodes, characterized in that: It includes a first chamber and a second chamber, the first chamber and the second chamber are separated by a diaphragm, the first chamber includes a fluidized bed anode chamber and a fixed anode, the second chamber includes a cathode chamber and a cathode, the fixed anode and cathode are respectively located in the fluidized bed anode chamber and cathode chamber, the fluidized bed anode chamber is provided with an external pipeline, a circulation pump and a biomass feeding device and a carbon recovery device respectively located at both ends of the circulation pump are provided on the external pipeline, an anode air inlet and an anode air outlet are respectively provided at the bottom and top of the fluidized bed anode chamber, the external pipeline, the biomass feeding device and the carbon recovery device constitute a liquid-solid circulation device, a cathode air inlet and a cathode air outlet are respectively provided at the bottom and top of the cathode chamber, an air distribution plate is installed at the air inlet, the fluidized bed anode chamber is filled with active catalyst and electrolyte material, and the output end of the fuel cell is connected to an external load system.

2. The molten carbonate fuel cell pyrolysis and gasification biomass reaction device with fluidized bed electrode according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas product is also provided with a heat exchanger, through which the temperature of the gas product is reduced. The heat released when the temperature of the gas product is reduced heats water to generate water vapor.

3. The molten carbonate fuel cell pyrolysis and gasification biomass reaction device with fluidized bed electrode according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diaphragm is made of LiAlO2 material, the cathode is made of LiCoO2 material, and the fixed anode is made of metal nickel material.

4. The polygeneration method of the molten carbonate fuel cell pyrolysis and gasification biomass reaction device of the fluidized bed electrode according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: First, electrolyte materials are placed in the anode chamber of the fluidized bed and heated to 400-750°C to form a molten electrolyte. Then, an appropriate amount of active catalyst is dispersed in the molten electrolyte. Start the circulation pump and the biomass feeding device to add the crushed biomass raw materials into the anode chamber of the fluidized bed, selectively feed the anode fluidizing air into the bottom of the anode chamber of the fluidized bed, and feed the mixed gas of air and carbon dioxide into the bottom of the cathode chamber; In the anode chamber of the fluidized bed, the biomass raw material undergoes a pyrolysis and gasification reaction in the molten electrolyte to generate pyrolysis gas and biochar, and the alkali metal salt in the biomass or biochar is dissolved by the molten electrolyte, and the biochar and pyrolysis gas react with the carbonate ions as an oxidant to be oxidized into carbon dioxide and water and release electrons, and the carbon dioxide and water generated at the anode are condensed after heat exchange to obtain high-concentration carbon dioxide as anode fluidizing wind or cathode supplementary gas, and part of the biochar follows the molten electrolyte into the carbon recovery device and is separated, and the separated molten salt continues to be mixed with new biomass raw materials and returns to the anode chamber of the fluidized bed to react; wherein, the anode fluidizing wind is fed into the anode air inlet to control its fluidization number to form gas-liquid-solid bubbling fluidization or the circulation pump flow is controlled to form liquid-solid dispersed fluidization, and the bubbling fluidization or dispersed fluidization promotes the interaction and mass transfer process between the active catalyst particles, the biomass particles and the molten electrolyte, so that the oxygen partial pressure on the surface of the biomass particles is increased, the gasification reaction is strengthened, and the formation of biochar pores is promoted; In the cathode chamber, electrons are received from the anode via an external circuit to undergo an electrochemical reaction, generating carbonate ions to maintain the operation of the fuel cell.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The water content of the biomass is 0-20%; when in a bubbling fluidized state, the diameter of the crushed biomass raw material is between 300-5000 μm in a wide screening; when in a dispersed fluidized state, the diameter of the crushed biomass raw material is between 200-500 μm in a narrow screening.

6. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that When in the bubbling fluidization state, the gas fluidization number is controlled to be in the range of 3-15; when in the dispersed fluidization state, the circulating pump flow fluidization number is controlled to be in the range of 3-10.

7. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The anode fluidizing air is water, carbon dioxide or a mixture of water and carbon dioxide.

8. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The molten electrolyte is a carbonate mixture of 60 wt% Li2CO3 and 40 wt% K2CO3.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The active catalyst is selected from any one or more of single metal, multi-metal or perovskite materials.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that The active catalyst is selected from metal nickel particles or La 0.6 Sr 0.4 Fe 0.9 Ni 0.1 O 3-δ Any one or more of .

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