532 results about "Voltage response" patented technology

A device is proposed for high-resolution measurement, in particular for high-resolution absolute measurement of magnetic fields, having a network (1) of transitions (3) between superconductors (5, 6) which exhibit Josephson effects, called junctions below, the network comprising closed meshes (7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13), denoted by cells below, which in each case have junctions (3), which junctions are connected in a superconducting fashion, and at least three of these cells being connected in a superconducting and/or nonsuperconducting fashion. The object of the invention consists in further developing this device in such a way that it is possible to make absolute measurements of magnetic fields in a highly sensitive fashion. This object is achieved by virtue of the fact that the junctions (3) of the at least three cells (7, 8, 9) can be energized in such a way that a time-variant voltage drops in each case across at least two junctions of a cell, the time average of which voltage does not vanish, and in that the at least three cells are configured differently geometrically in such a way that the magnetic fluxes enclosed by the cells in the case of an existing magnetic field differ from one another in such a way that the frequency spectrum of the voltage response function has no significant Phi0-periodic component with reference to the magnetic flux.

A method of measuring battery capacity using a voltage response signal based on a pulse current, where the method includes the steps of: measuring a voltage response signal based on a pulse current signal applied to a primary or secondary battery; performing an approximation of the measured voltage response signal to an equivalent circuit model composed of resistors, capacitors and transmission lines to determine the model parameters; and determining the unknown battery capacity from the voltage response characteristics based on a correlation between the measured capacity and the model parameters, which correlation is previously determined by a real-time discharge method, thereby takes a shorter time than a real-time discharge method and delivering efficiency and reliability in determining model parameters of an equivalent circuit which are in close correlation with the charge/discharge condition of the battery.

A time varying electrical excitation(s) is applied to a system containing biologic and/or non-biologic elements, whereupon the time-varying electrochemical or electrical response is detected and analyzed. For biologic specimens, the presence, activity, concentration or relative quantity, and certain inherent characteristics of certain target substances (hereinafter referred to as “target analytes”) within, or comprising, the specimen of interest may be determined by measuring either the current response induced by a voltage-mode excitation, or the voltage response induced by a current-mode excitation. Labeling or marker techniques may be employed, whereby electrochemically active auxiliary molecules are attached to the substance to be analyzed, in order to facilitate or enhance the electrochemical or electrical response. The method may also be employed to test non-biologic systems comprising an electrochemical cell or a battery of cells, wherein complex pulse type excitation signals are applied to the cell and the resultant time varying polarization voltage information is extracted and analyzed to determine at least one characteristic of the cell(s) condition or state.

A self-energized measuring system for determining primary and secondary battery/cell's performance, age, and health by measuring and recording battery/cell's voltage response to a specified load-changing perturbation spot-test event. The cell's voltage response is compared to a synchronously measured voltage signal of a comparator resistor. The relationship between the two voltage signals is analyzed on logarithmic time scale to determine performance parameters such as cell impedance and power and their variation in the time domain. The cell temperature is also measured for impedance and power normalization for 20 centigrade. Results are compared to a previously generated master data tabulation characteristic of a similar, new cell of perfect health condition. The time-domain performance parameters are related to the performance, age and health of the cell at any particular instant. The evaluation method can be easily adjusted to various battery chemistries, types.

A circuit and method for reducing losses in a DC/DC converter by optimizing gate drive voltage. The circuit and method detect a change in the output load, or more specifically the output current, and adjust the gate voltage accordingly; in other words, providing adaptive gate drive voltage. In response to a reduction of output current, the invention reduces the gate voltage so as to reduce both conduction and switching losses in the semiconductor switching devices in the output stage.

A selected wordline that is coupled to cells for programming is biased with a programming voltage. The unselected wordlines that are adjacent to the selected wordline are biased at a first predetermined voltage. The remaining wordlines are biased at a second predetermined voltage that is greater than the first predetermined voltage. The first predetermined voltage is selected by determining what unselected, adjacent wordline bias voltage produces a minimized V_pass disturb in response to the selected wordline programming voltage.

A spread spectrum system having a self-oscillating delay-line digital pulse width modulator and a method for mitigating electromagnetic interference. The spread spectrum system has a pseudo-random pattern generator connected to a digital-to-analog converter, which in turn is connected to a linear regulator. The linear regulator receives a reference voltage from the digital-to-analog converter and creates a frequency varying voltage that serves as an input voltage for delay elements of a delay-line based digital pulse width modulator. In response to frequency varying input signal, the delay-line based digital pulse width modulator generates a frequency varying voltage that is input to a switching network to vary its switching frequency.

A method and a system are provided for allowing determination of a distance from a tool to anomaly ahead of the tool. The apparatus for performing the method includes at least one transmitter and at least one receiver. An embodiment of the method includes transmitting electromagnetic signals from the at least one transmitter through the formation surrounding the wellbore and detecting voltage responses at the at least one receiver induced by the electromagnetic signals. The method includes calculating apparent conductivity or apparent resistivity based on a voltage response. The conductivity or resistivity is monitored over time, and the distance to the anomaly is determined from the apparent conductivity or apparent resistivity values.

Method and system for periodically measuring the junction temperature of a semiconductor device. The junction exited by at least two sequential predetermined currents of different magnitudes the voltage response of the junction to the at least two currents is measured and the temperature of the junction is calculated, while substantially canceling ohmic effects, by using the voltage response and a correction factor obtained by periodically. Whenever desired, the junction is exited by a set of at least four sequential different currents having known ratios. The voltage response to the set is measured and the correction factor is calculated by using each voltage response to the set.

A liquid crystal display capable of realizing a high transmittance while maintaining favorable voltage response characteristics, and a method of manufacturing the same are provided. The liquid crystal display includes: a liquid crystal layer; a first substrate and a second substrate arranged to face each other with the liquid crystal layer in between; a plurality of pixel electrodes provided on a liquid crystal layer side of the first substrate; and an opposite electrode provided on the second substrate to face the plurality of pixel electrodes. One or both of a face on the liquid crystal layer side of the pixel electrode, and a face on the liquid crystal layer side of the opposite electrode includes a concavo-convex structure.

A purge system for fuel cell stack includes a purge valve to regulate exhaust from the fuel cell stack in response control signals from a controller in response to a voltage across a purge cell portion of a fuel cell stack. The purge valve is opened when the voltage across the purge cell portion falls below a defined percentage of a threshold voltage. The threshold voltage can be equal to an average cell voltage of some or all of the fuel cells of the fuel cell stack. The purge may include one or more successive openings of the purge valve of controlled purge durations.

Enhancement of the power conversion efficiency and reduction of switching noise of a power supply circuit are achieved. The power supply circuit includes, on the primary side, a composite resonance type converter formed from a current resonance type converter and a partial voltage resonance circuit in combination, and is configured so as to produce a plurality of secondary side DC output voltages. A particular one of the plural secondary side DC output voltages is controlled to a constant voltage by variably controlling the switching frequency of a primary side switching converter. Each of the remaining secondary side DC output voltages is controlled to a constant voltage by adjusting the level of control current to be supplied to a controlling winding of a control transformer in response to the level of the secondary side DC output voltage to adjust the inductance of a controlling winding of the control transformer inserted in a rectification current path.

The present invention provides an internal voltage generator including a high efficient charge pump. The internal voltage generator includes an oscillation signal generator for receiving a reference voltage and a pumping voltage to thereby output an oscillation signal, a pump control logic for outputting a pumping control signal and a precharge signal in response to the oscillation signal, and a charge pump for precharging the pair of bootstrapping node by connecting the pair of bootstrapping node in response to the precharge signal to thereby generate the pumping voltage of a predetermined level after precharging the pair of bootstrapping node into a level of the power supply voltage and charge sharing the pair of bootstrapping node and the pumping voltage in response to the precharge signal. Herein, the pumping control signal controls a pumping operation and the precharge signal precharges a pair of bootstrapping node for generating the pumping voltage by pumping a power supply voltage.

An electronic device with a force sensing key (200) has a switch (280), a first force sensing region (290) for acquiring a first force value, a second force sensing region (290) for acquiring a second force value, and a processor for determining a selected function for the key (200) based upon the first force value and the second force value when the switch (280) is activated. The first force sensing pad (290) and the second force sensing pad (290) use a partially resistive material (250) that exhibits a force-to-voltage response value. By forming the switch (280) as a dome (225) switch, the force sensing key (200) provides crisp tactile feedback to a user. The force sensing key (200) can be configured for a variety of applications and user preferences by varying the architecture of the actuator (270).

An auxiliary load (148) for a fuel cell stack (102) is alternatively connected and disconnected from the fuel cell external circuit (177, 178) by a switch (200) in response to a switch control (201), repetitively, during startup and shutdown. The switch may be an insulated gate bipolar transistor (208) which is turned on and off by hunting between an upper limit voltage (207) and a lower limit voltage (208), which may be performed by compare circuits (205, 206), by the controller (202), or by commercially available voltage responsive hysteresis switches. Schedules of duty cycle as a function of cell stack voltage for startup (212) and shutdown (213) control a pulse width modulator (215) which operates the switch. Controls (229, 231) may limit the modulation so that the auxiliary load does not overheat, in response to temperature (221) of the load or a voltage/power model (235). The auxiliary load may comprise a heater in a water accumulator (247), an air intake (257) or an enthalpy recovery device (262).

A microprocessor controlled multi chemistry battery charging system and method for recharging primary and secondary batteries are disclosed. The charger has multiple battery holder bays with different recess levels to accept up to four batteries of different sizes and different chemistry types particularly Primary Alkaline, Primary Titanium, Rechargeable Alkaline Manganese (RAM), NiCd and NiMH batteries. The microprocessor controlled electronic circuit automatically identifies the type of battery to be charged by monitoring and comparing voltage responses over preset time by supplying constant charging current. Depending upon the type of battery, the charger controls suitable charging current or current pulses at different frequencies till battery voltage reaches preset maximum reference voltage or battery voltage remains relatively constant below preset maximum reference voltage over preset time period. The charger has built in safety protections, battery tester function, audio visual arrangements to display status, a variable DC output port and USB ports.

Provided with a method of measuring battery capacity using parameters obtained from a voltage response signal of a current waveform or an impedance spectrum generated thereof where the method includes the steps of: measuring voltage response signals based on a current waveform applied to a primary or secondary battery; obtaining parameters of an equivalent circuit composed of model parameters such as resistors, capacitors and transmission lines either directly from voltage response or after its conversion to frequency dependent impedance; and determining the unknown battery capacity from the voltage response characteristics based on a correlation between the measured capacity and the model parameters, which correlation is previously determined by a real-time discharge method, thereby takes a shorter time than a real-time discharge method and delivering efficiency and reliability in determining model parameters of an equivalent circuit which are in close correlation with the charge/discharge condition of the battery.

Real time battery impedance spectrum is acquired using one time record, Compensated Synchronous Detection (CSD). This parallel method enables battery diagnostics. The excitation current to a test battery is a sum of equal amplitude sin waves of a few frequencies spread over range of interest. The time profile of this signal has duration that is a few periods of the lowest frequency. The voltage response of the battery, average deleted, is the impedance of the battery in the time domain. Since the excitation frequencies are known, synchronous detection processes the time record and each component, both magnitude and phase, is obtained. For compensation, the components, except the one of interest, are reassembled in the time domain. The resulting signal is subtracted from the original signal and the component of interest is synchronously detected. This process is repeated for each component.

The invention discloses an online monitoring method and system for the accumulator inherent resistance and deteriorates state which includes the motivation unit and the detecting unit. It sets the subsection point in the accumulator point; the motivation unit is connected with the positive/negative electrode of the accumulator bus and the subsection point of the battery group. The detection unit is connected with positive/negative electrode of every accumulator in accumulator group by the link. The mentoring method includes: the accumulator is divided into sections, the whole positive electrode and the negative electrode and every subsection point are connected to the motivation unit by the motivation signal line, every signal accumulator is connected with the detection unit; the signal generator in motivation unit and the constant resource give some frequency and constant rectangle wave or sine wave signal to the sectional accumulator. The diction unit detects the voltage response of the signal accumulator to the motivation signal and computes the inherent resistance of the accumulator to analysis the deteriorate state.